Power battery high-voltage monitoring protection system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power battery high-voltage monitoring protection system, and relates to the technical field of vehicle high-voltage protection. The system specifically comprises a collision detection unit used for detecting vehicle collision parameters and generating at least two collision signals according to the collision parameters; the high-voltage acquisition unit is used for acquiring an electrical signal of the battery pack and can acquire a first collision signal sent by the collision detection unit, and the high-voltage acquisition unit can control the first fuse to fuse according to the first collision signal; the main acquisition unit is used for acquiring a second collision signal sent by the collision detection unit and controlling the fusing of the first fuse according to the second collision signal; and when the main acquisition unit is in a power-off state, the voltage conversion unit performs voltage conversion on the battery pack and then supplies power to the high-voltage acquisition unit, so that the high-voltage acquisition unit is kept in a working state. The method aims at enabling an existing BMS system to still have efficient monitoring and protection capacity under the special working conditions of vehicle flameout, small storage battery outage and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicle high-voltage protection, in particular to a power battery high-voltage monitoring and protection system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle market and its increasing ownership, vehicle technology innovation is also accelerating, especially the shift from traditional low-voltage platforms (such as 48V) to high-voltage platforms (such as 400V, 800V, and even higher). This trend has greatly improved the power performance and charging efficiency of electric vehicles, but at the same time, it has also placed higher demands on vehicle and personnel safety. In high-voltage environments, the management of insulation, short circuits, and abnormal conditions of high and low voltage signals in electrical systems becomes particularly important. Any minor safety hazard can lead to serious consequences, such as electric shock, vehicle fire, or even explosion. Therefore, the industry has placed more stringent requirements on the safety management system of electric vehicles.

[0003] As one of the core controllers in electric vehicles, the Battery Management System (BMS) is responsible for monitoring and protecting the battery's status. By collecting key information such as battery voltage, current, and temperature, the BMS analyzes the battery's status in real time, ensuring it operates within a safe and efficient range. Furthermore, the BMS collaborates with the vehicle control unit (VCU) to manage high- and low-voltage circuit signals, preventing hazardous situations caused by insulation problems, overheating, and overcurrent. Therefore, one of the BMS's primary goals is to ensure the normal operation of the vehicle's high- and low-voltage circuit signals, preventing electrical anomalies that could harm personnel and the vehicle.

[0004] Existing BMSs primarily rely on the vehicle's small battery (typically 12V) for power, and the condition of the small battery directly impacts the BMS's operational capabilities. During vehicle startup or driving, the small battery provides normal power, allowing the BMS to continuously monitor the vehicle's electrical status and implement appropriate protective measures. However, if the vehicle is turned off or the small battery loses power, the BMS ceases operation due to a lack of power supply, making it unable to detect and respond to abnormal signals in the high- and low-voltage circuits. If a collision occurs while the vehicle is ignited, the BMS cannot sense the collision signal or activate the high-voltage disconnect protection device. In this situation, the vehicle's high-voltage system remains energized, and the battery pack still stores a significant amount of energy. If an abnormality in the high-voltage circuit occurs due to insulation failure or other reasons, the BMS will be unable to detect and implement protective measures in a timely manner, potentially causing a fire or explosion.

[0005] Therefore, how to enable the existing BMS system to still have efficient monitoring and protection capabilities under special working conditions such as vehicle shutdown and small battery power failure has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0006] The main purpose of this utility model is to provide a power battery high-voltage monitoring and protection system, aiming to enable the existing BMS system to still have efficient monitoring and protection capabilities under special working conditions such as vehicle shutdown and small battery power failure.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system, comprising:

[0008] a collision detection unit, configured to detect vehicle collision parameters and generate at least two collision signals according to the collision parameters;

[0009] a high-voltage acquisition unit, configured to acquire electrical signals from the battery pack and to acquire a first collision signal from the collision detection unit, wherein the high-voltage acquisition unit may control the first fuse to blow according to the first collision signal;

[0010] a main acquisition unit, configured to acquire a second collision signal emitted by the collision detection unit and control the fusing of the first fuse according to the second collision signal; and

[0011] The voltage conversion unit converts the voltage of the battery pack and supplies power to the high-voltage acquisition unit when the main acquisition unit is in a power-off state, so as to keep the high-voltage acquisition unit in a working state.

[0012] Two independent collision signals generated by the collision detection unit are received and processed by the high-voltage acquisition unit and the main acquisition unit, respectively, forming a dual-channel signal monitoring and control mechanism, achieving multi-level safety protection. The high-voltage acquisition unit collaborates with the voltage conversion unit to maintain operation even if the main acquisition unit loses power, resolving the issue of loss of monitoring functionality when the vehicle is turned off or loses power. This enhances the safety of the high-voltage battery system in special situations such as collisions. The distributed architecture improves system redundancy and reliability, while shortening the response time of protective measures, significantly improving the overall safety performance of electric vehicles.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, the second collision signal includes at least one of a collision CAN signal and a collision PWM signal.

[0014] The secondary collision signal provides two communication paths for the main acquisition unit via two signal forms, ensuring highly reliable transmission of collision information in complex vehicle environments. The collision CAN signal is suitable for complex multi-node vehicle network architectures, while the collision PWM signal provides a simple, fast, direct communication channel. The combination of these two signal forms significantly improves system redundancy and reliability, providing comprehensive support for the main acquisition unit to accurately determine the collision status and control the disconnection of the first fuse, ultimately enhancing vehicle safety performance.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, the first collision signal is a collision level signal.

[0016] The first collision signal, acting as a direct control signal for the high-voltage acquisition unit, offers the advantages of fast triggering and simple implementation, complementing the second collision signal in functionality. Because the first collision signal is directed directly to the high-voltage acquisition unit, it ensures that the high-voltage acquisition unit, powered by the voltage conversion unit, can still perform a fuse operation if the main acquisition unit fails or loses power.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, an isolating switch is provided between the high-voltage acquisition unit and the collision detection unit. By adding the isolating switch between the high-voltage acquisition unit and the collision detection unit, the safety and reliability of the system are improved.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present application, the electrical signal includes at least one of a battery pack high-voltage signal, a battery pack insulation signal, and a battery pack current signal. The battery pack high-voltage signal is a signal that reflects the overall voltage level of the battery pack. By monitoring the changes in the total battery pack voltage, it is possible to determine whether the system is operating normally.

[0019] The battery pack insulation signal reflects the insulation status between the battery pack's high-voltage circuit and the vehicle body or other low-voltage components. By monitoring the insulation resistance, it can be used to determine whether there is a risk of leakage or short circuit. Monitoring the battery pack insulation signal can effectively prevent safety threats to personnel and equipment caused by high-voltage leakage.

[0020] The battery pack current signal reflects the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the battery pack during the charge and discharge process. Monitoring the battery pack current signal can determine whether the system is experiencing overcurrent, short circuits, or other current anomalies. Monitoring the battery pack current signal provides real-time information on power requirements and battery operating status, ensuring that the current remains within a safe range.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, a second fuse is connected between the voltage conversion unit and the battery pack. The function of the second fuse is to protect the circuit safety between the voltage conversion unit and the battery pack, preventing damage to the voltage conversion unit or the battery pack due to overcurrent, short circuit, or other abnormal conditions. The second fuse can quickly melt if it detects that the current exceeds a preset threshold or a circuit anomaly, cutting off the current path and preventing safety accidents.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present application, the main acquisition unit is powered by a battery. This battery, as the main acquisition unit's power source, is independent of the vehicle's high-voltage power system, ensuring continued operation even if the high-voltage system is disconnected or experiences an anomaly. This provides the main acquisition unit with enhanced anti-interference capabilities and reliability.

[0023] One embodiment of the present application further includes a secondary acquisition unit for collecting electrical parameters of individual cells in the battery pack. The secondary acquisition unit is used to collect electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of individual cells in the battery pack, providing more detailed monitoring data than total voltage and total current. This helps to understand the status of each cell in real time and identify potential problems, thereby achieving more efficient battery balancing management.

[0024] The above technical solution utilizes two independent collision signals generated by the collision detection unit, which are received and processed by the high-voltage acquisition unit and the main acquisition unit, respectively, forming a dual-channel signal monitoring and control mechanism, achieving multi-level safety protection. The high-voltage acquisition unit collaborates with the voltage conversion unit to maintain operation even if the main acquisition unit loses power, resolving the issue of loss of monitoring functionality when the vehicle is turned off or loses power. This enhances the safety of the high-voltage battery system in special situations such as collisions. The distributed architecture improves system redundancy and reliability, while shortening the response time of protective measures, significantly improving the overall safety performance of electric vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system, comprising:

[0029] A collision detection unit, configured to detect vehicle collision parameters and generate at least two collision signals according to the collision parameters;

[0030] a high-voltage acquisition unit, configured to acquire electrical signals from the battery pack and a first collision signal from the collision detection unit, wherein the high-voltage acquisition unit may control the first fuse to blow according to the first collision signal;

[0031] a main acquisition unit, configured to acquire a second collision signal emitted by the collision detection unit and control the fusing of the first fuse according to the second collision signal; and

[0032] The voltage conversion unit converts the voltage of the battery pack and supplies power to the high-voltage acquisition unit when the main acquisition unit is in a power-off state, so that the high-voltage acquisition unit remains in a working state.

[0033] Specifically, the collision detection unit detects vehicle collision parameters, such as acceleration, vibration, or pressure, and generates at least two collision signals based on these parameters. The collision detection unit is connected to the high-voltage acquisition unit and the main acquisition unit via signal lines. A first collision signal is transmitted to the high-voltage acquisition unit via the signal lines, while a second collision signal is transmitted to the main acquisition unit via the signal lines. Data transmission uses digital or analog signals to ensure that the signals accurately reflect the collision situation.

[0034] The function of the high-voltage acquisition unit is to collect electrical signals from the battery pack, including the total voltage, total current, and insulation status, and to receive the first collision signal from the collision detection unit. The high-voltage acquisition unit is connected to the first fuse through a signal line, and controls the first fuse to blow according to the received first collision signal. The high-voltage acquisition unit is also connected to the voltage conversion unit through a power supply line. When the main acquisition unit is powered off, the voltage conversion unit provides power to keep the high-voltage acquisition unit working continuously. The first collision signal is analyzed by the processing module in the acquisition unit and converted into a fuse instruction output to the drive module of the first fuse.

[0035] The main acquisition unit receives the second collision signal from the collision detection unit, monitors the vehicle's safety status, and can trigger the first fuse to blow based on the second collision signal. The main acquisition unit connects the collision detection unit and the first fuse via a signal line and is connected to the vehicle's small battery via a power line for continuous power supply. The main acquisition unit analyzes the second collision signal through a signal processing module, determines the triggering conditions, and generates a fuse control signal. This signal is transmitted via a control line to the first fuse, completing the blow operation.

[0036] The voltage conversion unit's function is to convert the battery pack's high-voltage electrical energy into low-voltage electrical energy suitable for the high-voltage acquisition unit when the main acquisition unit is powered off, ensuring its continued operation. The voltage conversion unit is connected to the battery pack via high-voltage lines and to the high-voltage acquisition unit via low-voltage power lines. The voltage conversion unit transmits stable low-voltage electrical energy to the high-voltage acquisition unit. Simultaneously, the built-in monitoring module detects the power supply status and provides a voltage status signal to the high-voltage acquisition unit, ensuring the stability of the high-voltage acquisition unit's power supply.

[0037] The above technical solution utilizes two independent collision signals generated by the collision detection unit, which are received and processed by the high-voltage acquisition unit and the main acquisition unit, respectively, forming a dual-channel signal monitoring and control mechanism, achieving multi-level safety protection. The high-voltage acquisition unit collaborates with the voltage conversion unit to maintain operation even if the main acquisition unit loses power, resolving the issue of loss of monitoring functionality when the vehicle is turned off or loses power. This enhances the safety of the high-voltage battery system in special situations such as collisions. The distributed architecture improves system redundancy and reliability, while shortening the response time of protective measures, significantly improving the overall safety performance of electric vehicles.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, the second collision signal includes at least one of a collision CAN signal and a collision PWM signal.

[0039] Specifically, the second collision signal includes at least one of a collision CAN signal and a collision PWM signal. The collision CAN signal is a digital signal generated by the controller area network protocol, which is used to achieve fast and reliable communication between multiple electronic control units in the vehicle. The collision CAN signal transmits collision-related information, such as collision intensity, direction, and whether the protection mechanism needs to be triggered, through a series of encoded data frames. The collision CAN signal has the advantages of strong real-time performance, high anti-interference ability, and stable multi-node transmission. The collision PWM signal is a pulse width modulated signal that transmits information by changing the pulse width. The collision PWM signal has a simple structure, low cost, is easily compatible with analog circuits, and can quickly transmit collision information without relying on complex networks.

[0040] When a vehicle collides, the accelerometers, vibration sensors, or pressure sensors installed on the vehicle transmit the captured collision parameters to the signal processing module of the collision detection unit. The collision detection unit uses internal logic to determine whether the collision conditions meet the trigger criteria and generates a collision CAN signal or collision PWM signal through its communication module. The collision CAN signal is transmitted to the main acquisition unit via the vehicle's CAN bus network, while the collision PWM signal is transmitted directly to the main acquisition unit via dedicated signal lines.

[0041] Using this technical solution, the secondary collision signal provides two communication paths for the main acquisition unit via two signal forms, ensuring highly reliable transmission of collision information in complex vehicle environments. The collision CAN signal is suitable for complex multi-node vehicle network architectures, while the collision PWM signal provides a simple, fast, direct communication channel. This combination of two signal forms significantly improves system redundancy and reliability, providing comprehensive support for the main acquisition unit to accurately determine the collision status and control the disconnection of the first fuse, ultimately enhancing vehicle safety.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present application, the first collision signal is a collision level signal.

[0043] Specifically, the first collision signal is a collision level signal. A collision level signal is a signal form that transmits information by changing between high and low level states. Its essence is to represent a specific logical state through simple voltage changes. For example, a high level indicates that a collision event has been detected, and a low level indicates that no collision event has been detected. The collision level signal is simple to implement in hardware and responds quickly, and can directly drive the preset protection logic in the high-voltage acquisition unit. The collision level signal has the advantages of low hardware implementation cost, strong anti-interference ability, and extremely small signal transmission delay. At the same time, because the collision level signal does not require complex decoding or data parsing, it can reliably transmit collision information under limited resource conditions.

[0044] The high-voltage acquisition unit receives the collision level signal via a dedicated signal input line. Its signal processing module monitors the voltage status of the signal line. If the voltage of the signal line switches from a low level to a high level, the high-voltage acquisition unit determines that a collision has occurred and triggers its internal protection logic. At this point, the high-voltage acquisition unit controls the driver module of the first fuse to issue an action command, causing the first fuse to quickly blow, thereby severing the high-voltage circuit and preventing short circuits, fires, or other safety risks that may arise after a collision.

[0045] With this technical solution, the first collision signal serves as a direct control signal for the high-voltage acquisition unit, offering the advantages of fast triggering and simple implementation, complementing the second collision signal in functionality. Because the first collision signal is directed directly to the high-voltage acquisition unit, it ensures that the high-voltage acquisition unit, powered by the voltage conversion unit, can still perform a fuse operation if the main acquisition unit fails or loses power.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present application, an isolation switch is provided between the high voltage acquisition unit and the collision detection unit.

[0047] Specifically, an isolation switch is installed between the high-voltage acquisition unit and the collision detection unit. This function electrically isolates the signal path between the two units, protecting them from potential voltage surges or faults. It also controls the signal connection and disconnection when necessary. The isolation switch provides electrical isolation and enhanced signal stability without affecting signal transmission, ensuring system safety and reliability.

[0048] The isolating switch is connected to the collision detection unit via a signal line, and its input receives the first collision signal sent by the collision detection unit. The output of the isolating switch is connected to the high-voltage acquisition unit via a signal line, outputting the isolated first collision signal. The isolating switch has a built-in isolation module, which can be optocoupler or electromagnetic, ensuring that there is no direct electrical connection between the input and output terminals, but functional connection can be achieved through signal transmission.

[0049] By adopting the above technical solution, the safety and reliability of the system are improved by adding an isolation switch between the high-voltage acquisition unit and the collision detection unit.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present application, the electrical signal includes at least one of a battery pack high voltage signal, a battery pack insulation signal, and a battery pack current signal.

[0051] Specifically, the battery pack high-voltage signal refers to a signal used to reflect the overall voltage level of the battery pack. By monitoring the total voltage changes of the battery pack, it can be determined whether the system is in normal operation.

[0052] The battery pack insulation signal reflects the insulation status between the battery pack's high-voltage circuit and the vehicle body or other low-voltage components. By monitoring the insulation resistance, it can be used to determine whether there is a risk of leakage or short circuit. Monitoring the battery pack insulation signal can effectively prevent safety threats to personnel and equipment caused by high-voltage leakage.

[0053] The battery pack current signal reflects the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the battery pack during the charge and discharge process. Monitoring the battery pack current signal can determine whether the system is experiencing overcurrent, short circuits, or other current anomalies. Monitoring the battery pack current signal provides real-time information on power requirements and battery operating status, ensuring that the current remains within a safe range.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present application, a second fuse is connected between the voltage conversion unit and the battery pack.

[0055] Specifically, the second fuse protects the circuit between the voltage conversion unit and the battery pack, preventing damage to the voltage conversion unit or the battery pack due to overcurrent, short circuit, or other abnormalities. If the second fuse detects current exceeding a preset threshold or a circuit anomaly, it will quickly blow, cutting off the current path and preventing safety accidents.

[0056] The second fuse is connected to the high-voltage output of the battery pack via an electrical connection and to the input of the voltage conversion unit via a power supply line. The battery pack's high-voltage power passes through the second fuse and is then transferred to the voltage conversion unit, where it is stepped down before being supplied to the high-voltage acquisition unit. As a connecting link, the second fuse physically disconnects the power supply path in the event of an anomaly, thereby ensuring the safety of the voltage conversion unit.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present application, the main acquisition unit is powered by a battery.

[0058] With this technical solution, the battery serves as the power source for the main acquisition unit, independent of the vehicle's high-voltage power system. This ensures continued operation even when the high-voltage system is disconnected or experiences an anomaly, giving the main acquisition unit greater anti-interference capabilities and reliability.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present application, it further includes: a secondary collection unit, used to collect electrical parameters of a single battery cell in the battery pack.

[0060] Using this technical solution, the secondary acquisition unit collects electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature for each battery cell in the battery pack, providing more detailed monitoring data than the total voltage and current. This helps to understand the status of each battery cell in real time and identify potential problems, thereby achieving more efficient battery balancing management.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the utility model concept, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system, characterized in that: include: a collision detection unit, configured to detect vehicle collision parameters and generate at least two collision signals according to the collision parameters; a high-voltage acquisition unit, configured to acquire electrical signals from the battery pack and to acquire a first collision signal from the collision detection unit, wherein the high-voltage acquisition unit may control the first fuse to blow according to the first collision signal; a main acquisition unit, configured to acquire a second collision signal emitted by the collision detection unit and control the fusing of the first fuse according to the second collision signal; as well as The voltage conversion unit converts the voltage of the battery pack and supplies power to the high-voltage acquisition unit when the main acquisition unit is in a power-off state, so as to keep the high-voltage acquisition unit in a working state.

2. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second collision signal includes at least one of a collision CAN signal and a collision PWM signal.

3. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first collision signal is a collision level signal.

4. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: An isolation switch is provided between the high voltage acquisition unit and the collision detection unit.

5. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical signal includes at least one of a battery pack high voltage signal, a battery pack insulation signal, and a battery pack current signal.

6. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second fuse is connected between the voltage conversion unit and the battery pack.

7. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main acquisition unit is powered by a battery.

8. The power battery high voltage monitoring and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The secondary acquisition unit is used to collect the electrical parameters of a single cell in the battery pack.

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