Two-gear speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and planetary gear train, electric drive axle and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a two-gear speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear train, an electric drive axle and a vehicle. The two-gear speed reducer comprises a motor output shaft, a second speed reducing mechanism shaft, a third speed reducing mechanism shaft, a drive axle half shaft, a first gear speed reducing mechanism, a second gear speed reducing mechanism, a third gear speed reducing mechanism, a gear shifting mechanism and a first-stage planetary gear train. An output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with a second shaft of the speed reducing mechanism through a first gear speed reducing mechanism, and the second shaft of the speed reducing mechanism is in transmission connection with a third shaft of the speed reducing mechanism through a second gear speed reducing mechanism or a third gear speed reducing mechanism. The second gear reduction mechanism is located between the first gear reduction mechanism and the third gear reduction mechanism, the second gear reduction mechanism and the third gear reduction mechanism are connected through the gear shifting mechanism, the gear shifting mechanism is located on a third reduction mechanism shaft, and the third reduction mechanism shaft is in transmission connection with a sun gear shaft of the first-stage planetary gear train. And a planet carrier of the first-stage planetary gear train is connected with one end of the drive axle half shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of automobiles, and in particular to a two-speed reducer, an electric drive axle and a vehicle based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear system. Background Art

[0002] Among the numerous vehicle models utilizing electric drive systems, the drive systems are broadly categorized into central drive and electric axle. Central drive systems are widely used in heavy-duty trucks. Similar to traditional models, they typically utilize an electric motor in place of the engine, coupled with a multi-speed reducer. Power is transmitted via a drive shaft to the rear axle. This simple structure and large transmission space compromise the vehicle's chassis space. The development of electric axles avoids these issues by indirectly controlling the vehicle's movement through four corresponding electric motors. These systems integrate the electric drive system and rear axle, freeing up chassis space occupied by centralized electric drive systems, reducing vehicle weight and costs. Electric axle products are broadly categorized by axle housing type: integrated, stamped and welded axles that can utilize traditional axle housings, and segmented axle housings that integrate the motor, reducer, and differential. Segmented axle housings are widely used due to their high degree of integration and compact size. However, existing segmented axle housing-based electric axles have a relatively dispersed overall layout, occupying significant vehicle space and hindering their installation. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present application provides a two-speed reducer, electric drive axle and vehicle based on parallel shaft teeth and planetary gear system. Planetary gear system is used for deceleration after the parallel shaft gear, so that the overall reducer structure is compact, the torque bearing capacity is strong, and the impact resistance is good, which solves the problem in the prior art that the overall layout of the segmented bridge housing electric drive axle is relatively scattered and not conducive to installation.

[0004] In a first aspect, according to an embodiment of the present application, a two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear train is provided, the two-speed reducer comprising: a motor output shaft, a second reduction mechanism shaft, a third reduction mechanism shaft, a drive axle half shaft, a first gear reduction mechanism, a second gear reduction mechanism, a third gear reduction mechanism, a shift mechanism, and a primary planetary gear train;

[0005] The motor output shaft is connected to the second shaft of the reduction mechanism through the first gear reduction mechanism, and the second shaft of the reduction mechanism is connected to the third shaft of the reduction mechanism through the second gear reduction mechanism or the third gear reduction mechanism. In the axial direction of the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, the second gear reduction mechanism is located between the first gear reduction mechanism and the third gear reduction mechanism, and the second gear reduction mechanism and the third gear reduction mechanism are connected through the shifting mechanism, and the shifting mechanism is located on the third shaft of the reduction mechanism. The third shaft of the reduction mechanism is connected to the sun gear shaft of the first-stage planetary gear train, and the planet carrier of the first-stage planetary gear train is connected to one end of the drive axle half shaft; the motor output shaft, the second shaft of the reduction mechanism and the third shaft of the reduction mechanism are arranged parallel to each other in pairs.

[0006] In some embodiments of the present application, the first gear reduction mechanism includes a first driving gear and a first driven gear that are meshed with each other, the first driving gear is fixedly provided on the motor output shaft, the first driven gear is fixedly provided on the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, and the number of teeth of the first driving gear is less than the number of teeth of the first driven gear.

[0007] Furthermore, the first driving gear and the first driven gear are both cylindrical helical gears.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the second gear reduction mechanism includes a second driving gear and a second driven gear that are meshed with each other, the second driving gear is fixedly arranged on the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, the second driven gear is fixedly arranged on the third shaft of the reduction mechanism, and the number of teeth of the second driving gear is less than the number of teeth of the second driven gear.

[0009] Furthermore, the second driving gear and the second driven gear are both cylindrical helical gears.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the third gear reduction mechanism includes a third driving gear and a third driven gear that are meshed with each other, the third driving gear is fixedly arranged on the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, the third driven gear is fixedly arranged on the third shaft of the reduction mechanism, and the number of teeth of the third driving gear is less than the number of teeth of the third driven gear.

[0011] Furthermore, the third driving gear and the third driven gear are both cylindrical helical gears.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the two-speed reducer further includes a speed sensor, which is arranged on the three axes of the reduction mechanism.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the first-stage planetary gear train includes a sun gear, planetary gears, and the planet carrier. The planetary gears are supported on the planet carrier and rotate around the sun gear.

[0014] In a second aspect, according to an embodiment of the present application, an electric drive axle is provided, comprising: the two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and planetary gear system as described in the first aspect.

[0015] In a third aspect, according to an embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is provided, comprising: the electric drive axle described in the second aspect.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0017] The two-speed reducer adopts a two-speed reduction mechanism design, which reduces the number of gears of the reduction mechanism and the transmission gear set. The first gear meets the heavy-load climbing requirements of the whole vehicle, and the second gear meets the maximum speed requirements of the whole vehicle. While meeting the use requirements of the whole vehicle, the mechanical structure design is streamlined, reducing product price and failure probability. The two-speed reducer adopts a speed sensor to accurately monitor and control the speed of the shift gear, avoiding the risk of easy damage to the synchronizer and unsmooth shifting in the existing technology, reducing the failure probability and improving the shifting efficiency. In addition, the two-speed reducer adopts an electronic differential, and the output power and torque of the drive motor are directly output to the single-side wheel end through the two-speed reducer. Compared with the existing technology in which the motor output power and torque are distributed to the wheel ends on both sides after the reducer, and a mechanical differential is used to ensure the wheel end differential function, this two-speed reducer only needs to bear half of the torque and power, which can make the product have a longer fatigue life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A simplified structural diagram of a two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and a planetary gear system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1 is the motor output shaft, 2 is the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, 3 is the third shaft of the reduction mechanism, 4 is the drive axle half shaft, 5 is the first gear reduction mechanism, 51 is the first driving gear, 52 is the first driven gear, 6 is the second gear reduction mechanism, 61 is the second driving gear, 62 is the second driven gear, 7 is the third gear reduction mechanism, 71 is the third driving gear, 72 is the third driven gear, 8 is the shift mechanism, 9 is the first-stage planetary gear train, 91 is the sun gear, 92 is the planetary gear, 93 is the planetary carrier, 101 is the drive motor, and 102 is the wheel end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof in the embodiments and drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, "including" is not limited to the listed structures, but may optionally include structures not listed, or may optionally include other components inherent to those structures.

[0024] The present application discloses a two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and a planetary gear system, which is suitable for a distributed drive axle. Detailed descriptions are provided below.

[0025] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and a planetary gear system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the two-speed reducer includes: a motor output shaft 1, a second reduction mechanism shaft 2, a third reduction mechanism shaft 3, a drive axle half shaft 4, a first gear reduction mechanism 5, a second gear reduction mechanism 6, a third gear reduction mechanism 7, a shift mechanism 8, and a first-stage planetary gear train 9, forming a three-shaft, three-stage reduction, two-speed structure. Specifically, the motor output shaft 1 of the drive motor 101 is connected to the second reduction mechanism shaft 2 via the first gear reduction mechanism 5, which is connected to the third reduction mechanism shaft 3 via the second gear reduction mechanism 6 or the third gear reduction mechanism 7. The third reduction mechanism shaft 3 is connected to the sun gear shaft of the first-stage planetary gear train 9, and the planet carrier 93 of the first-stage planetary gear train 9 is connected to one end of the drive axle half shaft 4, with the drive axle half shaft 4 serving as the output end. The other end of the drive axle half shaft 4 is connected to the wheel end 102. After being decelerated by the fixed first gear reduction mechanism 5, the torque of the high-speed drive motor 101 is transmitted to the second shaft 2 of the reduction mechanism, and then transmitted from the second shaft 2 of the reduction mechanism to the third shaft 3 of the reduction mechanism through the optional two-speed gear (i.e., the second gear reduction mechanism 6 and the third gear reduction mechanism 7). The sun gear 91 of the first-stage planetary gear train 9 is rigidly connected to the third shaft 3 of the reduction mechanism. After passing through the first-stage planetary gear train 9, the torque is transmitted to the wheel end 102 through the drive axle half shaft 4, so that the torque and speed of each drive motor 101 are output to one side wheel end 102 through the two-speed reducer. Afterwards, the single-side wheel end 102 can be driven by the secondary planetary gear train of the single-side wheel end 102 connected to the other end of the drive axle half shaft 4.

[0026] The first gear reduction mechanism 5 is a fixed gear structure, which is used to reduce the power input from the drive motor 101 in the first stage. The reduction mechanism of the embodiment of the present application adopts a two-speed shiftable design, which reduces the number of gears and transmission gear sets of the reduction mechanism. It can meet the vehicle's climbing power performance and the maximum speed requirement. While meeting the vehicle's usage requirements, the mechanical structure design is streamlined, reducing product price and the probability of failure. Specifically, the second gear reduction mechanism 6 is the second gear structure of the two-speed reducer, and the third gear reduction mechanism 7 is the first gear structure of the two-speed reducer. In the axial direction of the reduction mechanism second shaft 2, the second gear reduction mechanism 6 is located between the first gear reduction mechanism 5 and the third gear reduction mechanism 7. The second gear reduction mechanism 6 and the third gear reduction mechanism 7 are connected by a shift mechanism 8. The shift mechanism 8 is located on the reduction mechanism third shaft 3. The shift mechanism 8 is used to switch gears. The first gear meets the vehicle's heavy-load climbing requirements, and the second gear meets the vehicle's maximum speed requirements. The reduction ratio range is wide, the output torque is large, and the maximum speed and maximum output torque of the entire axle are guaranteed.

[0027] In some embodiments, the two-speed reducer also includes a speed sensor (not shown in the figure), which is arranged on the third shaft 3 of the reduction mechanism. When the two-speed reducer switches gears, the speed sensor can accurately monitor the gears reaching the corresponding speed, and the shift fork performs shaft-tooth engagement and shifting, which simplifies the shifting process and eliminates the synchronizer, making the shifting process more accurate and efficient, and reducing the probability of failure and product costs.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present application, the motor output shaft 1, the second reduction mechanism shaft 2, and the third reduction mechanism shaft 3 are arranged parallel to each other, i.e., the first gear reduction mechanism 5, the second gear reduction mechanism 6, and the third gear reduction mechanism 7 utilize parallel axis gears. The transmission gears of this two-speed reducer utilize both parallel axis gears and a primary planetary gear system. The parallel axis gears are connected to the high-speed drive motor 101, which is suitable for high-speed operation, can slow oil temperature rise, and improve transmission efficiency. Furthermore, the use of planetary gears after the parallel axis gears makes the overall reduction mechanism compact, with strong torque bearing capacity and good impact resistance.

[0029] In addition, the two-speed reducer in the embodiment of the present application adopts an electronic differential, eliminating the mechanical differential in the prior art. The two-speed reducer is connected to the wheel end 102 on one side, and the output power and torque of the drive motor 101 are directly output to the wheel end 102 on one side through the two-speed reducer. The reducer shaft teeth only need to bear half of the torque and power output of the entire bridge, which can effectively improve the fatigue life of the shaft teeth.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first gear reduction mechanism 5 includes a first driving gear 51 and a first driven gear 52 that mesh with each other, wherein the first driving gear 51 is fixedly mounted on the motor output shaft 1, and the first driven gear 52 is fixedly mounted on the reduction mechanism second shaft 2, and the number of teeth of the first driving gear 51 is smaller than the number of teeth of the first driven gear 52. Furthermore, both the first driving gear 51 and the first driven gear 52 are cylindrical helical gears.

[0031] In another specific embodiment, the second gear reduction mechanism 6 includes a second driving gear 61 and a second driven gear 62 that mesh with each other, wherein the second driving gear 61 is fixedly mounted on the second reduction mechanism shaft 2, and the second driven gear 62 is fixedly mounted on the third reduction mechanism shaft 3, and the number of teeth on the second driving gear 61 is smaller than the number of teeth on the second driven gear 62. Furthermore, the second driving gear 61 and the second driven gear 62 are both cylindrical helical gears.

[0032] In another specific embodiment, the third gear reduction mechanism 7 includes a third driving gear 71 and a third driven gear 72 that mesh with each other, wherein the third driving gear 71 is fixedly mounted on the second reduction mechanism shaft 2, and the third driven gear 72 is fixedly mounted on the third reduction mechanism shaft 3, and the number of teeth of the third driving gear 71 is smaller than the number of teeth of the third driven gear 72. Furthermore, both the third driving gear 71 and the third driven gear 72 are cylindrical helical gears.

[0033] In addition, the first-stage planetary gear train 9 specifically includes a sun gear 91 , planetary gears 92 and a planet carrier 93 . The planetary gears 92 are supported on the planet carrier 93 and rotate around the sun gear 91 .

[0034] The present application also discloses an electric drive axle, comprising a two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear train. The two-speed reducer is bolted to the axle body and the overall mechanical structure of the drive motor and can be disassembled as a whole, making assembly and after-sales maintenance more convenient. The two-speed reducer is the same as the one based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear train provided in the above-mentioned embodiment. Its structure and principle are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiment. For the sake of simplicity, any matters not mentioned in the electric drive axle embodiment can be referred to the corresponding content in the above-mentioned two-speed reducer embodiment based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear train.

[0035] In addition, an embodiment of the present application also discloses a vehicle, including: an electric drive axle, which is the electric drive axle provided in the above embodiment, and its structure and principle are the same as those of the above embodiment. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in the vehicle embodiment, reference can be made to the corresponding content in the above electric drive axle embodiment.

[0036] In summary, the present application discloses a two-speed reducer, an electric drive axle and a vehicle based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear system. The two-speed reduction mechanism design is adopted to reduce the number of gears of the reduction mechanism and the transmission gear set. The first gear meets the heavy-load climbing requirements of the entire vehicle, and the second gear meets the maximum speed requirements of the entire vehicle. While meeting the use requirements of the entire vehicle, the mechanical structure design is streamlined, reducing product price and failure probability. The two-speed reducer adopts a speed sensor to accurately monitor and control the speed of the shift gear, avoiding the risk of easy damage to the synchronizer and smooth shifting in the prior art, reducing the failure probability and improving the shifting efficiency. In addition, the two-speed reducer adopts an electronic differential, and the output power and torque of the drive motor are directly output to the single-side wheel end through the two-speed reducer. Compared with the prior art in which the motor output power and torque are distributed to the wheel ends on both sides after passing through the reducer, and a mechanical differential is used to ensure the wheel end differential function, the two-speed reducer only needs to bear half of the torque and power, which can make the product have a longer fatigue life.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will understand that the drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and that the components shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential to the practice of the present invention. It should also be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications, changes, or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection described in the claims.

Claims

1. A two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and planetary gear train, characterized in that: The two-speed reducer includes: a motor output shaft, a second reduction gear shaft, a third reduction gear shaft, a drive axle half shaft, a first gear reduction gear mechanism, a second gear reduction gear mechanism, a third gear reduction gear mechanism, a shift mechanism, and a first-stage planetary gear train; The motor output shaft is connected to the second shaft of the reduction mechanism through the first gear reduction mechanism, and the second shaft of the reduction mechanism is connected to the third shaft of the reduction mechanism through the second gear reduction mechanism or the third gear reduction mechanism. In the axial direction of the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, the second gear reduction mechanism is located between the first gear reduction mechanism and the third gear reduction mechanism, and the second gear reduction mechanism and the third gear reduction mechanism are connected through the shifting mechanism, and the shifting mechanism is located on the third shaft of the reduction mechanism. The third shaft of the reduction mechanism is connected to the sun gear shaft of the first-stage planetary gear train, and the planet carrier of the first-stage planetary gear train is connected to one end of the drive axle half shaft; the motor output shaft, the second shaft of the reduction mechanism and the third shaft of the reduction mechanism are arranged parallel to each other in pairs.

2. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and planetary gear train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gear reduction mechanism includes a first driving gear and a first driven gear that mesh with each other. The first driving gear is fixedly arranged on the motor output shaft, and the first driven gear is fixedly arranged on the second shaft of the reduction mechanism. The number of teeth of the first driving gear is smaller than the number of teeth of the first driven gear.

3. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and planetary gear train according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first driving gear and the first driven gear are both cylindrical helical gears.

4. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and planetary gear train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second gear reduction mechanism includes a second driving gear and a second driven gear that mesh with each other. The second driving gear is fixedly arranged on the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, and the second driven gear is fixedly arranged on the third shaft of the reduction mechanism. The number of teeth of the second driving gear is less than the number of teeth of the second driven gear.

5. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and planetary gear train according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second driving gear and the second driven gear are both cylindrical helical gears.

6. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and planetary gear train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third gear reduction mechanism includes a third driving gear and a third driven gear that are meshed with each other. The third driving gear is fixedly arranged on the second shaft of the reduction mechanism, and the third driven gear is fixedly arranged on the third shaft of the reduction mechanism. The number of teeth of the third driving gear is less than the number of teeth of the third driven gear.

7. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and planetary gear train according to claim 6, characterized in that: The third driving gear and the third driven gear are both cylindrical helical gears.

8. The two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft gears and planetary gear train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-speed reducer further includes a rotation speed sensor, which is arranged on the three axes of the reduction mechanism.

9. An electric drive bridge, characterized in that: include: A two-speed reducer based on parallel shaft teeth and a planetary gear train as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: The electric drive axle according to claim 9.

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