Voltage sampling circuit and scooter
By using the switch module in the electric riding tool to control the conduction and shutdown of the voltage signal, the high-voltage damage and power consumption problems of the battery voltage sampling circuit are solved, and safe and reliable voltage sampling is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422346420.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-25
AI Technical Summary
The battery voltage sampling circuit of existing electric riding tools is prone to damage the circuit in high voltage environments and has the problem of additional power consumption.
The first and second switching modules are used to control the conduction and shutdown of the voltage signal. Combined with the sampling module, the sampling and non-sampling states of the voltage signal in different modes are realized, reducing the damage to the circuit by high voltage and saving power.
It effectively reduces the damage to the circuit by high-voltage signals, reduces power loss, and improves power safety and circuit reliability.
Smart Images
Figure CN223308348U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a voltage sampling circuit and a scooter. Background Art
[0002] With the government's strong promotion and the decreasing energy, battery-powered electric scooters and other electric riding tools have become widely popular in the market.
[0003] Typically, the battery in an electric vehicle is detachable and connected to the vehicle via a battery connector. The circuitry within the electric vehicle needs to detect the battery voltage to determine its status. Battery voltage is typically high, while the operating voltage of the electric vehicle's circuitry is lower. Therefore, sampling is performed using a specific sampling circuit to minimize damage to the electric vehicle's circuitry from high voltage. Utility Model Content
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a voltage sampling circuit and a scooter.
[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a voltage sampling circuit is proposed. The voltage sampling circuit includes: a first switch module, a second switch module, and a sampling module, wherein:
[0006] The control end of the first switch module is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the first switch module and the output end of the first switch module. The input end of the first switch module is connected to the voltage signal to be sampled, and the output end of the first switch module is connected to the input end of the sampling module. The sampling module outputs a sampled voltage signal based on the voltage signal to be sampled inputted from the output end of the first switch module.
[0007] The control end of the second switch module is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the second switch module and the output end of the second switch module. The input end of the second switch module is connected to a preset voltage signal, and the output end of the second switch module is connected to the control end of the first switch module. The control end of the second switch module is connected to a switching voltage signal.
[0008] In the first working mode, the switch voltage signal is in a first state, and the switch voltage signal in the first state is used to conduct the input end of the second switch module and the output end of the second switch module, so that the preset voltage signal is connected to the control end of the first switch module, so as to conduct the input end of the first switch module and the output end of the first switch module to output the voltage signal to be sampled to the sampling module;
[0009] In the second working mode, the switching voltage signal is in the second state, and the switching voltage signal in the second state turns off the input end of the second switching module and the output end of the second switching module to cut off the connection between the preset voltage signal and the control end of the first switching module.
[0010] In some embodiments, the switch voltage signal in the first state is obtained by converting the voltage signal to be sampled in the first working mode.
[0011] In some embodiments, the first switch module includes: a PNP bipolar transistor and a first resistor; wherein,
[0012] The first end of the first resistor is connected to the emitter of the PNP bipolar transistor as an input end of the first switch module;
[0013] The second end of the first resistor and the base of the PNP bipolar transistor serve as the control of the first switch module;
[0014] The collector of the PNP bipolar transistor serves as the output end of the first switch module.
[0015] In some embodiments, the first switch module further includes: a second resistor; wherein,
[0016] The second end of the first resistor and the base of the PNP bipolar transistor are connected to the first end of the second resistor;
[0017] The second end of the second resistor serves as an input end of the first switch module.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second switch module includes: an NPN bipolar transistor and a third resistor; wherein,
[0019] The first end of the third resistor serves as the control end of the first switch module;
[0020] The second end of the third resistor is connected to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor;
[0021] The emitter of the NPN bipolar transistor serves as the input end of the second switch module;
[0022] The collector electrode of the NPN bipolar transistor serves as the output end of the second switch module.
[0023] In some embodiments, the second switch module further includes: a fourth resistor; wherein,
[0024] The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor;
[0025] The second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the preset voltage signal.
[0026] In some embodiments, the sampling module includes: a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor; wherein,
[0027] The first end of the fifth resistor serves as the input end of the sampling module;
[0028] The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the preset voltage signal;
[0029] The second end of the fifth resistor and the first end of the sixth resistor are connected as the output end of the sampling module to output the sampled voltage signal.
[0030] In some embodiments, the voltage sampling circuit further includes a filtering module connected to an output end of the sampling module, for filtering the sampled voltage signal.
[0031] In some embodiments, the filtering module includes a seventh resistor and a filtering capacitor:
[0032] The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the output end of the sampling module;
[0033] The second end of the filter capacitor is connected to the preset voltage signal;
[0034] The second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor to output a filtered sampling voltage signal.
[0035] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a scooter is provided, comprising a scooter body and the voltage sampling circuit described in the first aspect.
[0036] The voltage sampling circuit provided in this embodiment includes: a first switch module, a second switch module and a sampling module, wherein the control end of the first switch module is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the first switch module and the output end of the first switch module, the input end of the first switch module is connected to the voltage signal to be sampled, and the output end of the first switch module is connected to the input end of the sampling module; the sampling module outputs a sampled voltage signal based on the voltage signal to be sampled input from the output end of the first switch module; the control end of the second switch module is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the second switch module and the output end of the second switch module, the input end of the second switch module is connected to the preset voltage signal, and the output end of the second switch module The control terminal of the first switch module is connected to the control terminal of the second switch module; the control terminal of the second switch module is connected to a switching voltage signal. In a first operating mode, the switching voltage signal is in a first state. In the first state, the switching voltage signal is used to connect the input terminal of the second switch module and the output terminal of the second switch module, connecting the preset voltage signal to the control terminal of the first switch module, thereby connecting the input terminal of the first switch module and the output terminal of the first switch module and outputting the voltage signal to be sampled to the sampling module. In a second operating mode, the switching voltage signal is in a second state. In the second state, the switching voltage signal is disconnected from the input terminal of the second switch module and the output terminal of the second switch module, thereby disconnecting the preset voltage signal from the control terminal of the first switch module. Thus, in the first operating mode, the voltage signal to be sampled can be input to the sampling module for sampling; in the second operating mode, the voltage signal to be sampled can be prevented from being input to the sampling module. This prevents the sampling module and the controller from operating, thereby reducing power loss. This also reduces the risk of damage to the controller caused by outputting the sampling voltage signal when the controller is powered off, thereby improving power safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a voltage sampling circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a voltage sampling circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a voltage sampling circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0040] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a voltage sampling circuit according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] To make the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given by way of specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and local features may be enlarged or reduced to more clearly illustrate the details of the local features. Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those in the technical field to which this application belongs.
[0042] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not exhaustive and are merely illustrative of some embodiments, and are not intended to be a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In the absence of contradiction, each step in a certain embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a certain embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily exchanged. In addition, the optional implementation methods in a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; in addition, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. For example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a certain embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments.
[0043] In each embodiment of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified or provided for by logic, the terms and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form a new embodiment based on their inherent logical relationships.
[0044] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.
[0045] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, elements expressed in the singular, such as "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "the", "the", etc., may mean "one and only one", or "one or more", "at least one", etc. For example, when using articles such as "a", "an", "the" in English in translation, the noun following the article may be understood as a singular expression or a plural expression.
[0046] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, “plurality” refers to two or more.
[0047] In some embodiments, the terms "at least one", "one or more", "a plurality of", "multiple" and the like can be used interchangeably.
[0048] In some embodiments, descriptions such as "at least one of A and B," "A and / or B," "in one case A, in another case B," or "in one case A, in another case B" may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); and in some embodiments, A and B (both A and B are executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.
[0049] In some embodiments, "A or B" and other descriptions may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (A is executed independently of B); in some embodiments, B (B is executed independently of A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The above is also applicable when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.
[0050] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only used to distinguish different description objects and do not constitute any restriction on the position, order, priority, value or content of the description objects. For the statement of the description object, please refer to the description in the context of the claims or embodiments, and no unnecessary restriction should be constituted due to the use of prefixes. For example, if the description object is a "field", the ordinal number before the "field" in the "first field" and the "second field" does not limit the position or order between the "fields", and "first" and "second" do not limit whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they limit the order of the "first field" and the "second field". For another example, if the description object is a "level", the ordinal number before the "level" in the "first level" and the "second level" does not limit the priority between the "levels". For another example, the value of the description object is not limited by the ordinal number and can be one or more. Taking "first device" as an example, the value of "device" can be one or more. In addition, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the description object is "device", then the "first device" and the "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different; for another example, if the description object is "information", then the "first information" and the "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their contents can be the same or different.
[0051] In some embodiments, “including A,” “comprising A,” “used to indicate A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.
[0052] In some embodiments, terms such as "...", "determine...", "in the case of...", "at the time of...", "when...", "if...", "if...", etc. can be used interchangeably.
[0053] In some embodiments, terms such as "greater than", "greater than or equal to", "not less than", "more than", "more than or equal to", "not less than", "higher than", "higher than or equal to", "not less than", and "above" can be replaced with each other, and terms such as "less than", "less than or equal to", "not greater than", "less than", "less than or equal to", "not more than", "lower than", "lower than or equal to", "not higher than", and "below" can be replaced with each other.
[0054] In addition, each element, each row, or each column in the table of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the combination of any elements, any rows, and any columns can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.
[0055] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the term “connection” may refer to a direct electrical connection between two components, or may refer to an electrical connection between two components via one or more other components.
[0056] In some embodiments, the battery voltage can be sampled in the form of a resistor divider, and the sampled voltage signal obtained by sampling is output to the controller and / or A / D converter for A / D conversion, and then the battery voltage is calculated based on the voltage division ratio. On the one hand, the sampled voltage signal of the battery voltage obtained by the resistor divider is directly generated by the battery voltage. Therefore, the battery is in a continuous power supply state, and additional power loss is generated when the electric riding tool is in a non-working state. On the other hand, due to the insertion and removal of the battery, high voltage signals such as static electricity and surges may be introduced into the sampling circuit at the input end of the battery voltage, thereby causing damage to the circuit and controller.
[0057] Therefore, how to implement battery voltage sampling, reduce the extra power consumption of the sampling circuit, and reduce the damage of the high-voltage signal to the circuit is an urgent problem to be solved.
[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present disclosure shows a voltage sampling circuit 10, which includes: a first switch module 11, a second switch module 12 and a sampling module 13, wherein:
[0059] The control end of the first switch module 11 is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the first switch module 11 and the output end of the first switch module 11. The input end of the first switch module 11 is connected to the voltage signal to be sampled, and the output end of the first switch module 11 is connected to the input end of the sampling module 13. The sampling module 13 outputs a sampled voltage signal based on the voltage signal to be sampled input from the output end of the first switch module 11.
[0060] The control end of the second switch module 12 is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the second switch module 12 and the output end of the second switch module 12. The input end of the second switch module 12 is connected to a preset voltage signal, and the output end of the second switch module 12 is connected to the control end of the first switch module 11. The control end of the second switch module 12 is connected to a switching voltage signal.
[0061] In the first working mode, the switch voltage signal is in a first state. The switch voltage signal in the first state is used to conduct the input end of the second switch module 12 and the output end of the second switch module 12, so that the preset voltage signal is connected to the control end of the first switch module 11, so as to conduct the input end of the first switch module 11 and the output end of the first switch module 11 to output the voltage signal to be sampled to the sampling module 13.
[0062] In the second working mode, the switching voltage signal is in the second state, and the switching voltage signal in the second state turns off the input end of the second switching module 12 and the output end of the second switching module 12 to cut off the connection between the preset voltage signal and the control end of the first switching module 11.
[0063] Here, the voltage sampling circuit 10 can be set on the main board of the electric riding tool such as the scooter. The voltage sampling circuit 10 can be used to collect the voltage to be sampled to obtain a sampled voltage signal for measurement by the controller and / or A / D converter on the main board.
[0064] The switch module (the first switch module 11 and the second switch module 12) may include: a control terminal, an input terminal and an output terminal. The control terminal is used to control the on or off of the input terminal and the output terminal.
[0065] It should be noted that, to better illustrate the signal transmission method of the switch module in this embodiment, the terms "input" and "output" are used to represent the two ports of the switch module. However, the terms "input" and "output" do not define the direction of signal transmission between the input and output terminals. For example, when the input and output terminals are connected, a signal can be transmitted from the input terminal to the output terminal. When the input and output terminals are connected, a signal can also be transmitted from the output terminal to the input terminal.
[0066] It should be noted that the switch modules (the first switch module 11 and the second switch module 12) in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented using MOS tubes (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors), bipolar transistors, relays, etc.
[0067] The MOS transistor can be either an N-type MOS transistor or a P-type MOS transistor. For an N-type MOS transistor, the on-level is a high level, and the off-level is a low level. That is, when the gate of the N-type MOS transistor is at a high level, the input and output terminals are connected; when the gate of the N-type MOS transistor is at a low level, the input and output terminals are disconnected. For a P-type MOS transistor, the on-level is a low level, and the off-level is a high level. That is, when the control terminal of the P-type MOS transistor is at a low level, the input and output terminals are connected; when the control terminal of the P-type MOS transistor is at a high level, the input and output terminals are disconnected. In a specific implementation, the gate of each of the aforementioned switching MOS transistors serves as its control terminal. In the embodiments of the present application, the input and output terminals are determined based on the MOS transistor and / or the application scenario. For example, the drain terminal can be used as the input terminal, and the source terminal can be used as the output terminal. Furthermore, the on-level and off-level in the embodiments of the present invention are general terms. The on-level refers to any level that can turn the MOS transistor on, and the off-level refers to any level that can turn the MOS transistor off / on.
[0068] Bipolar transistors can be either NPN or PNP bipolar transistors. For an NPN bipolar transistor, when the base-emitter voltage difference is greater than the PN junction voltage, the NPN bipolar transistor is turned on; when the base-emitter voltage difference is less than the PN junction voltage, the NPN bipolar transistor is turned off. Specifically, when the base-emitter voltage difference of an NPN bipolar transistor is greater than the PN junction voltage, the input and output terminals of the NPN bipolar transistor are conducting; when the base-emitter voltage difference of an NPN bipolar transistor is less than the PN junction voltage, the input and output terminals of the NPN bipolar transistor are disconnected. For a PNP bipolar transistor, when the emitter-base voltage difference is greater than the PN junction voltage, the PNP bipolar transistor is turned on; when the emitter-base voltage difference is less than the PN junction voltage, the PNP bipolar transistor is turned off. That is, when the voltage difference between the emitter and base of the PNP bipolar transistor is higher than the PN junction voltage, the input and output terminals are connected; when the voltage difference between the emitter and base of the PNP bipolar transistor is lower than the PN junction voltage, the input and output terminals are disconnected, and the base of each of the above-mentioned bipolar transistors serves as its control terminal. In the embodiments of the present application, the input and output terminals are determined based on the bipolar transistor and / or application scenario. For example, the emitter of the PNP bipolar transistor can be used as the input terminal, and the collector of the PNP bipolar transistor can be used as the output terminal.
[0069] In one possible implementation, the voltage to be sampled may include a battery voltage.
[0070] In one possible implementation, the preset voltage signal may include a power ground signal.
[0071] The switch voltage signal in the first state and the switch voltage signal in the second state may have different levels. For example, the switch voltage signal in the first state is 5V, and the switch voltage signal in the second state is 0V.
[0072] The first working mode may include a normal working state and / or charging state of the electric riding tool, such as when the power switch of the electric riding tool is on. The second working mode may include a power-off state of the electric riding tool, such as when the power switch of the electric riding tool is off.
[0073] In the first working mode, the controller needs to monitor the voltage of the battery of the electric riding tool to determine whether the battery is in a normal voltage, undervoltage or overvoltage state, and then control the charging and discharging of the battery, and / or remind the user. In the first working mode, the input end of the second switch module 12 and the output end of the second switch module 12 can be turned on by the switch voltage signal in the first state, so that the preset voltage signal is transmitted from the input end of the second switch module 12 to the output end of the second switch module 12, and then the preset voltage signal is transmitted to the control end of the first switch module 11. The preset voltage signal is used to turn on the input end of the first switch module 11 and the output end of the first switch module 11, so that the voltage signal to be sampled is transmitted from the input end of the first switch module 11 to the output end of the first switch module 11, and then output to the sampling module 13, so that the sampling module 13 samples the voltage signal to be sampled to obtain a sampled voltage signal.
[0074] In the second working mode, in order to save battery circuits, the battery does not need to power the controller and other circuits. Therefore, there is no need to monitor the voltage of the electric riding tool battery. In the second working mode, the input end of the second switch module 12 and the output end of the second switch module 12 can be turned off by the switch voltage signal in the second state, so that the preset voltage signal is not transmitted to the control end of the first switch module 11, thereby turning off the first switch module 11, and then the voltage signal to be sampled is not input to the sampling module 13. As a result, the module and controller do not work, thereby reducing power loss. On the other hand, it can also reduce the situation where the controller is in a power-off state and outputs the sampling voltage signal to the controller, causing damage to the controller, thereby improving power safety.
[0075] The preset voltage signal is a battery voltage signal, which has a higher voltage value. The switch voltage signal, on the other hand, is a control signal with a lower voltage value. The preset voltage signal can be a power ground signal. In this embodiment, a two-stage switch, first switch module 11 and second switch module 12, is used to implement a lower voltage switch voltage signal to switch the higher voltage battery voltage signal, thereby reducing high-voltage and low-voltage crosstalk and improving circuit reliability.
[0076] In some embodiments, the switch voltage signal in the first state is obtained by converting the voltage signal to be sampled in the first working mode.
[0077] Here, the voltage signal to be sampled can be converted into a switching voltage signal by a voltage conversion module (such as a DC-DC voltage module).
[0078] In one possible implementation, the switching voltage signal is used to supply power to a controller on a mainboard.
[0079] In the first working mode, the voltage signal to be sampled is converted by the voltage conversion module to obtain a switching voltage signal, which supplies power to the mainboard circuit and is used to open the first switch module 11 and the second switch module 12 to achieve sampling of the voltage signal to be sampled.
[0080] In the second working mode, the power switch is turned off and the generation of the switching voltage signal is stopped, that is, the mainboard circuit is turned off and the sampling of the voltage signal to be sampled is stopped, thereby reducing the power consumption in the second working mode.
[0081] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the second switch module 12 includes: an NPN bipolar transistor Q2 and a third resistor R3; wherein,
[0082] The first end of the third resistor R3 serves as the control end of the first switch module 11;
[0083] The second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2;
[0084] The emitter of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 serves as the input end of the second switch module 12;
[0085] The collector of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 serves as the output end of the second switch module 12 .
[0086] Here, the switch voltage signal may be a voltage signal of a power supply of the mainboard.
[0087] Here, the voltage value of the switching voltage signal can be set based on the PN junction voltage between the base and emitter of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2. For example, the voltage value of the switching voltage signal in the first state is greater than the voltage value of the preset voltage signal, and the voltage difference between the voltage value of the switching voltage signal in the first state and the voltage value of the preset voltage signal is greater than the PN junction voltage value between the base and emitter of the PN bipolar transistor. The voltage difference between the voltage value of the switching voltage signal in the second state and the voltage value of the preset voltage signal is less than the PN junction voltage value between the base and emitter of the PN bipolar transistor.
[0088] In a possible implementation, a voltage value of the first-state switch voltage signal is greater than a voltage value of the second-state switch voltage signal.
[0089] For example, in the first operating mode, the first-state switch voltage signal is in a high-level state (e.g., 5V). The switch voltage signal raises the base potential of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 through the third resistor R3. The voltage value of the base of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 is the same as the voltage value of the switch voltage signal. The preset voltage signal can be a power ground. Therefore, the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 is saturated and turned on, and the collector and emitter of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 are turned on, so that the preset voltage signal is transmitted to the input end of the first switch module 11.
[0090] In the second operating mode, the first-state switch voltage signal is in a low-level state (e.g., 0V). The switch voltage signal pulls down the base potential of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 via the third resistor R3. The preset voltage signal can be the power ground. Therefore, the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 is in the off state. The collector and emitter of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 are turned off.
[0091] In this way, different outputs are achieved in the first working mode and the second working mode, thereby controlling the first switch module 11 to output the voltage signal to be sampled in the two working modes.
[0092] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, the second switch module 12 further includes: a fourth resistor R4; wherein,
[0093] A first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2;
[0094] The second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the preset voltage signal.
[0095] The third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are used to divide the switching voltage signal. The third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 can be set based on the voltage value of the first-state switching voltage signal and the PN junction voltage value of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2. After the voltage value of the first-state switching voltage signal is divided by the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4, the divided voltage value input to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 is greater than the PN junction voltage value.
[0096] In practical applications, the switch voltage signal in the first state is 5 V. The third resistor R3 can be 10 KΩ, and the fourth resistor R4 can be 2 KΩ.
[0097] The voltage value of the base voltage signal input to the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 can be adjusted through the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4. On the one hand, the damage to the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 caused by a large voltage value can be reduced. On the other hand, the base voltage of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 can be adjusted to more accurately control the conduction and shutdown of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2.
[0098] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the first switch module 11 includes: a PNP bipolar transistor Q1 and a first resistor R1; wherein,
[0099] The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the emitter of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 as the input end of the first switch module 11;
[0100] The second end of the first resistor R1 and the base of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 serve as the control of the first switch module 11;
[0101] The collector of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 serves as the output end of the first switch module 11 .
[0102] Here, the voltage value of the voltage signal to be sampled is greater than the PN junction voltage value between the base and emitter of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 .
[0103] Specifically, the preset voltage signal can be a power ground. In the first operating mode, the preset voltage signal is input to the base of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 via the second switch module 12. The voltage value of the base of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 is 0. The voltage difference between the collector and base of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 is greater than the PN junction voltage. Therefore, the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 is saturated and turned on, so that the voltage signal to be sampled is transmitted to the sampling module 13 through the PNP bipolar transistor Q1.
[0104] In the second operating mode, the second switch module 12 is off. The preset voltage signal, through the first resistor R1, raises the base voltage of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 to the same value as the preset voltage signal. The PNP bipolar transistor Q1 is in the off state. The voltage signal to be sampled cannot be transmitted to the sampling module 13 via the first switch module 11.
[0105] In this way, different output controls of the sampled voltage signal are achieved in the first working mode and the second working mode.
[0106] In some embodiments, the first switch module 11 further includes: a second resistor R2; wherein,
[0107] The second end of the first resistor R1 and the base of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 are connected to the first end of the second resistor R2;
[0108] The second end of the second resistor R2 serves as an input end of the first switch module 11 .
[0109] The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are used to divide the first difference voltage between the preset voltage signal and the preset voltage signal. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can be set based on the voltage value of the first difference voltage and the PN junction voltage value of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1.
[0110] In the first state, the first difference voltage is input to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor Q2 after being divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the second difference between the first difference voltage and the preset voltage signal is smaller than the PN junction voltage value of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1.
[0111] In practical applications, the first resistor R1 may be 10KΩ, and the second resistor R2 may be 100KΩ.
[0112] The voltage value of the base voltage signal input to the PNP bipolar transistor Q1 can be adjusted by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, thereby achieving more precise control of the on and off of the PNP bipolar transistor Q1.
[0113] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the voltage signal to be sampled is the battery voltage signal. During the battery insertion and removal process, high-voltage signals such as static electricity will be introduced. Bipolar transistors (PNP bipolar transistor Q1 and NPN bipolar transistor Q2) are provided between the voltage signal to be sampled and the electric riding tool mainboard circuit signal (such as the switching voltage signal and the sampling voltage signal). Bipolar transistors have good anti-static capabilities. Therefore, they can reduce the high voltage such as static electricity from directly entering the electric riding tool mainboard circuit, thereby reducing electrostatic damage and improving the circuit's electrostatic protection capabilities.
[0114] In some embodiments, the sampling module 13 includes: a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6; wherein,
[0115] The first end of the fifth resistor R5 serves as the input end of the sampling module 13;
[0116] The second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the preset voltage signal;
[0117] The second end of the fifth resistor R5 and the first end of the sixth resistor R6 are connected as the output end of the sampling module 13 to output the sampled voltage signal.
[0118] Here, the voltage signal to be sampled can be a battery voltage signal. The voltage value of the battery voltage signal of an electric riding tool is relatively high, and the voltage range can be 30-60V. However, the operating voltage of the controller and A / D converter on the main circuit of the electric riding tool is relatively low. Therefore, the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 can be used to divide the voltage so that the voltage range of the sampled voltage signal obtained by the voltage division is within the operating voltage range of the controller and A / D converter. This can ensure that the sampled voltage signal meets the operating voltage requirements of the controller and A / D converter, reducing measurement errors caused by the high voltage of the sampled voltage signal and reducing damage to the circuit.
[0119] The resistance values of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 can be determined based on the controller, the A / D converter operating voltage value and the value of the voltage signal to be sampled. In practical applications, the fifth resistor R5 can be 100KΩ and the sixth resistor R6 can be 5.6KΩ.
[0120] In some embodiments, the voltage sampling circuit 10 further includes a filtering module 14 connected to the output end of the sampling module 13 for filtering the sampled voltage signal.
[0121] The sampled voltage signal is used for A / D conversion, which in turn determines the voltage value. Interference pulses on the sampled voltage signal can affect the A / D conversion. For example, during A / D conversion, the sampled voltage value may contain interference pulses, resulting in measurement errors.
[0122] Here, the filter module 14 can be used to filter the sampled voltage signal. Here, the filter module 14 can use a high-pass filter to filter out high-frequency interference pulses on the sampled voltage signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the A / D conversion.
[0123] In some embodiments, the filtering module 14 includes a seventh resistor R7 and a filtering capacitor C1:
[0124] A first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the output end of the sampling module 13;
[0125] The second end of the filter capacitor C1 is connected to the preset voltage signal;
[0126] The second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C1 to output a filtered sampling voltage signal.
[0127] Here, RC filtering can be used to form a high-pass filter to filter out high-frequency interference pulses on the sampled voltage signal.
[0128] The values of the seventh resistor R7 and the filter capacitor C1 can be determined based on the parameters of the interference pulse (such as frequency, amplitude), etc. In practical applications, the seventh resistor R7 can be 1KΩ, and the filter capacitor C1 can be 10nF.
[0129] An embodiment of the present application further provides a scooter, characterized in that it includes a scooter body and the voltage sampling circuit 10 described in the first aspect.
[0130] Here, the voltage sampling circuit 10 is as shown in any of the above embodiments, and will not be described again.
[0131] The various embodiments or implementation methods in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.
[0132] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A voltage sampling circuit, characterized in that: The voltage sampling circuit includes: a first switch module, a second switch module and a sampling module, wherein: The control end of the first switch module is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the first switch module and the output end of the first switch module. The input end of the first switch module is connected to the voltage signal to be sampled, and the output end of the first switch module is connected to the input end of the sampling module. The sampling module outputs a sampled voltage signal based on the voltage signal to be sampled inputted from the output end of the first switch module. The control end of the second switch module is used to control the conduction or disconnection between the input end of the second switch module and the output end of the second switch module. The input end of the second switch module is connected to a preset voltage signal, and the output end of the second switch module is connected to the control end of the first switch module. The control end of the second switch module is connected to a switching voltage signal. In the first working mode, the switch voltage signal is in a first state, and the switch voltage signal in the first state is used to conduct the input end of the second switch module and the output end of the second switch module, so that the preset voltage signal is connected to the control end of the first switch module, so as to conduct the input end of the first switch module and the output end of the first switch module to output the voltage signal to be sampled to the sampling module; In the second working mode, the switching voltage signal is in the second state, and the switching voltage signal in the second state turns off the input end of the second switching module and the output end of the second switching module to cut off the connection between the preset voltage signal and the control end of the first switching module.
2. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The switch voltage signal in the first state is obtained by converting the voltage signal to be sampled in the first working mode.
3. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The first switch module includes: a PNP bipolar transistor and a first resistor; wherein, The first end of the first resistor is connected to the emitter of the PNP bipolar transistor as an input end of the first switch module; The second end of the first resistor and the base of the PNP bipolar transistor serve as the control of the first switch module; The collector of the PNP bipolar transistor serves as the output end of the first switch module.
4. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first switch module further includes: a second resistor; wherein, The second end of the first resistor and the base of the PNP bipolar transistor are connected to the first end of the second resistor; The second end of the second resistor serves as an input end of the first switch module.
5. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The second switch module includes: an NPN bipolar transistor and a third resistor; wherein, The first end of the third resistor serves as the control end of the first switch module; The second end of the third resistor is connected to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor; The emitter of the NPN bipolar transistor serves as the input end of the second switch module; The collector electrode of the NPN bipolar transistor serves as the output end of the second switch module.
6. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second switch module further includes: a fourth resistor; wherein, The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the base of the NPN bipolar transistor; The second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the preset voltage signal.
7. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The sampling module includes: a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor; wherein, The first end of the fifth resistor serves as the input end of the sampling module; The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the preset voltage signal; The second end of the fifth resistor and the first end of the sixth resistor are connected as the output end of the sampling module to output the sampled voltage signal.
8. The voltage sampling circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The voltage sampling circuit further includes a filtering module connected to the output end of the sampling module, for filtering the sampled voltage signal.
9. The voltage sampling circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The filtering module includes a seventh resistor and a filtering capacitor: The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the output end of the sampling module; The second end of the filter capacitor is connected to the preset voltage signal; The second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor to output a filtered sampling voltage signal.
10. A scooter, characterized in that: Including the scooter body: and The voltage sampling circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Citation Information
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Lossless sampling circuit and control method thereof
CN121770524A