Solar cell, electric equipment and power generation equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar cell, electric equipment and power generation equipment. The solar cell comprises a substrate and a plurality of cell units located on the substrate. Each cell unit comprises a first electrode layer, a main body structure layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked in sequence, and the main body structure layer at least comprises a light absorption layer; the first electrode layers of the two adjacent battery units are cut off by the first gap along the thickness direction of the battery unit, the main body structure layers of the two adjacent battery units are cut off by the second gap along the thickness direction of the battery unit, and the second gap is filled with a conductive material; the second electrode layers of two adjacent battery units are cut off by a third gap along the thickness direction of the battery units; the plurality of battery units are structurally separated and connected through the conductive materials filled in the first gaps and the second gaps and the third gaps; the solar cell further comprises a first blocking layer which is arranged in the first gap, migration of alkali metal ions in the substrate to the main body structure layer is reduced, and the potential-induced degradation effect is weakened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a solar cell, an electrical device, and a power generation device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the global economy faces challenges such as resource shortages, environmental pollution, and a harsh climate. The development and utilization of clean energy is crucial. Developing new energy materials and devices meets the needs of current national development and can effectively address the environmental challenges associated with the use of fossil fuels.

[0003] Solar cells have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to directly convert sunlight into electrical energy without causing environmental pollution. They can be used in a variety of fields, including military, aerospace, industry, commerce, agriculture, and communications.

[0004] At present, some solar cells will experience potential induced degradation, which affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present application provides a solar cell, an electrical device, and a power generation device to reduce the potential induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first technical solution provided in the present application is: providing a solar cell, comprising a substrate and a plurality of battery cells located on the substrate; each battery cell comprises a first electrode layer, a main structure layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, and the main structure layer comprises at least a light absorption layer; the first electrode layers of two adjacent battery cells are cut along the thickness direction of the battery cell by a first gap, the main structure layers of two adjacent battery cells are cut along the thickness direction of the battery cell by a second gap and the second gap is filled with a conductive material, and the second electrode layers of two adjacent battery cells are cut along the thickness direction of the battery cell by a third gap; the plurality of battery cells are structurally separated and connected by the first gap, the conductive material filled in the second gap and the third gap; wherein, the solar cell also comprises a first barrier layer, and the first barrier layer is arranged in the first gap.

[0007] Since part of the substrate is exposed to the first gap, there is a risk that the alkali metal ions in the substrate will migrate to the main structure layer through the first gap; wherein the alkali metal ions include Na + The first barrier layer can interfere with the migration of alkali metal ions. That is, the first barrier layer in the embodiment of the present application is used to interfere with the migration of alkali metal ions. The present application provides a first barrier layer in the first gap to block the first gap, which serves as a migration channel for alkali metal ions. This reduces the migration of alkali metal ions in the substrate to the main structural layer, thereby weakening the potential-induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first barrier layer covers the surface of the substrate facing the first gap and covers at least a portion of the surface of the first electrode layer facing the first gap.

[0009] The first barrier layer covers the surface of the substrate facing the first gap, disrupting various locations on the bottom surface of the first gap, significantly reducing the size of the channel for alkali metal ions to migrate from the first gap to the main structure layer, and significantly reducing the amount of alkali metal ions migrating into the main structure layer. The first barrier layer not only covers the surface of the substrate facing the first gap, but also covers at least a portion of the surface of the first electrode layer facing the first gap, making it easy to form the first barrier layer and requiring relatively low processing requirements.

[0010] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer covering the surface of the substrate facing the first gap is smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer.

[0011] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structural layer can be effectively hindered, the amount of material used in the first barrier layer can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first barrier layer is further disposed between the first electrode layer and the main structure layer.

[0013] The substrate, the first electrode layer, and the main structure layer are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The first electrode layer has a certain inhibitory effect on the migration of alkali metal ions in the substrate to the main structure layer, but the inhibitory effect is relatively weak. By arranging a first barrier layer between the first electrode layer and the main structure layer, this part of the first barrier layer interferes with the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer, which is beneficial to weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer covering the surface of the first electrode layer facing the main structure layer is less than 30 nm.

[0015] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer can be effectively hindered, while having little impact on the transmission of holes or electrons, allowing holes or electrons to smoothly pass through the first barrier layer and be collected by the first electrode layer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer covering the surface of the first electrode layer facing the main structure layer is less than or equal to 10 nm and greater than or equal to 0.1 nm.

[0017] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer can be effectively hindered, while maintaining a high transmission efficiency for holes or electrons and a high photoelectric conversion efficiency for the solar cell.

[0018] In one embodiment, the solar cell further includes a backplane and a second barrier layer, wherein the backplane is located on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate; the second barrier layer covers the bottom surface of the third gap and / or is located between the second electrode layer and the backplane.

[0019] Because part of the backsheet is exposed to the third gap, there is a risk that alkali metal ions in the backsheet will migrate through the third gap to the main structure layer. This application provides a second barrier layer on the bottom surface of the third gap to shield the third gap, which serves as a migration channel for alkali metal ions. This reduces the migration of alkali metal ions from the backsheet to the main structure layer, thereby weakening the potential-induced decay effect of the solar cell.

[0020] The main structure layer, the second electrode layer, and the backplane are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The second electrode layer has a certain inhibitory effect on the migration of alkali metal ions in the backplane to the main structure layer. By arranging a second barrier layer between the second electrode layer and the backplane, this part of the second barrier layer further interferes with the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer, which is beneficial to weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0021] In one embodiment, at least one of the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer includes a plurality of stacked layers, and each layer includes one of an inorganic metal oxide and a nitride.

[0022] Inorganic metal oxides and nitrides usually have a compact crystal structure; alkali metal ions such as Na + , K + The lattice gaps of inorganic metal oxides and nitrides are relatively large, while the lattice gaps of inorganic metal oxides and nitrides are smaller, effectively blocking the diffusion paths of alkali metal ions within the material, making it difficult for alkali metal ions to penetrate and pass through these materials, thereby physically hindering the migration of alkali metal ions. In addition, the design of the first barrier layer including inorganic metal oxides and nitrides has little effect on the transmission of holes or electrons.

[0023] In one embodiment, each layer comprises SiO x 、SiN x 、AlO x 、ZrO、MoO x One of the following, where x=1~2.

[0024] By designing the layering including SiO x 、SiN x 、AlO x 、ZrO、MoO x The material is easily available, so that the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer can hinder the migration of alkali metal ions, which is beneficial to weakening the potential induced degradation effect of the solar cell and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0025] In one embodiment, the light absorbing layer includes a perovskite material.

[0026] The light absorption layer includes a perovskite material, and a first barrier layer is provided in the first gap and between the first electrode layer and the main structure layer. The first barrier layer prevents alkali metal ions in the substrate from migrating to the main structure layer through the first gap and the first electrode layer, thereby weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0027] In one embodiment, the main structure layer further includes a hole transport layer located on one side of the light absorbing layer and / or an electron transport layer located on the other side of the light absorbing layer.

[0028] By providing a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer helps to effectively extract and conduct holes generated from the light absorbing layer to the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, reducing the recombination loss of holes during the transmission process, which is beneficial to improving the charge collection efficiency and the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. By providing an electron transport layer, the main function of the electron transport layer is to quickly extract electrons generated in the light absorbing layer and prevent them from recombining with holes. The hole transport layer and the electron transport layer help to adjust the energy level structure between the light absorbing layer and the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, which is beneficial to improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0029] In order to solve the above technical problems, the second technical solution provided by the present application is to provide an electrical device comprising any of the above solar cells. The electrical device has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0030] In order to solve the above technical problems, the third technical solution provided by the present application is to provide a power generation device comprising any of the above solar cells. The power generation device has at least the same advantages as the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in the third embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in a fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a main structure layer of a solar cell shown;

[0037] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The structure diagram of another embodiment of the main structure layer of a solar cell is shown.

[0038] Figure Number:

[0039] Substrate 11, battery cell 12, first electrode layer 121, main structure layer 122, light absorption layer 1221, hole transport layer 1222, electron transport layer 1223, second electrode layer 123, first barrier layer 13, backplane 14, second barrier layer 15, encapsulation layer 16, first gap P1, second gap P2, and third gap P3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] In the following description, for the purpose of explanation rather than limitation, specific details such as specific system structures, interfaces, and technologies are provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application.

[0042] The terms "first," "second," and "third" in this application are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined. All directional indications in the embodiments of this application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. The terms "including" and "having" in the embodiments of this application and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or components inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0043] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of such phrases in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor do they constitute independent or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0044] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] A solar cell comprises a cell layer and a packaging structure for packaging the cell layer.

[0046] Traditional crystalline silicon solar cells or copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells (CIGS thin film solar cells) usually use a packaging method to sequentially set a packaging film and glass on both sides of the cell layer. The packaging film includes silicon nitride or silicon dioxide. The packaging film can block the alkali metal ions Na in the glass. + The migration effect can reduce the potential induced degradation effect (PID effect) of crystalline silicon solar cells or copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells.

[0047] However, for perovskite solar cells, a commonly used packaging method is to sequentially set a packaging film and glass on the light-emitting side of the cell layer. The packaging film includes silicon nitride or silicon dioxide, which can block the alkali metal ions Na in the glass. +Since the cell layer is directly prepared on the conductive glass, it is impossible to set the encapsulation film on the incident light side of the cell layer. The alkali metal ions Na in the glass on the incident light side + It is easy to migrate to the cell layer, causing potential induced decay effect, which in turn affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0048] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell, an electrical device, and a power generation device to reduce the potential induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0049] See also Figures 1 to 6 , Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in the third embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell provided in a fourth embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a main structure layer of a solar cell shown; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The structure diagram of another embodiment of the main structure layer of a solar cell is shown.

[0050] See also Figures 1 to 4 The solar cell includes a substrate 11 and a plurality of battery cells 12 located on the substrate 11. Each battery cell 12 includes a first electrode layer 121, a main structure layer 122, and a second electrode layer 123 stacked in sequence, wherein the main structure layer 122 includes at least a light absorption layer 1221. The first electrode layers 121 of two adjacent battery cells 12 are interrupted along the thickness direction of the battery cell 12 by a first gap P1. The main structure layers 122 of two adjacent battery cells 12 are interrupted along the thickness direction of the battery cell 12 by a second gap P2 filled with a conductive material. The second electrode layers 123 of two adjacent battery cells 12 are interrupted along the thickness direction of the battery cell 12 by a third gap P3. The plurality of battery cells 12 are structurally separated and connected by the first gap P1, the conductive material filled in the second gap P2, and the third gap P3. The solar cell also includes a first barrier layer 13, which is disposed in the first gap P1.

[0051] Two adjacent battery cells 12 can be connected in series or in parallel, depending on the specific design needs. The substrate 11 is a transparent substrate layer so that light can pass through the substrate 11 to reach the light absorption layer 1221. The light absorption layer 1221 is used to absorb light and directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. The light absorption layer 1221 includes a light-absorbing material with a photoelectric conversion function. The light-absorbing material absorbs photons of sunlight to generate excitation, which excites electrons in the valence band to generate photogenerated holes and electron pairs. One of the first electrode layer 121 and the second electrode layer 123 is used to receive holes, and the other is used to receive electrons.

[0052] The first electrode layers 121 of two adjacent battery cells 12 are spaced apart to form a first gap P1 to prevent direct electrical connection between the first electrode layers 121 of the two adjacent battery cells 12, thereby preventing the battery cells 12 from short-circuiting and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0053] The main structure layers 122 of two adjacent battery cells 12 are spaced apart to form a second gap P2. Optionally, the second gap P2 is offset from the first gap P1, with the main structure layer 122 covering the first gap P1. This offsetting of the second gap P2 from the first gap P1 can reduce structural damage caused by stress concentration, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the solar cell. It also facilitates the formation of an interlaced grid between the first electrode layers 121 and the second electrode layers 123 of the multiple battery cells 12. This design facilitates the effective separation and transfer of charge to the corresponding electrodes, reducing resistance losses and charge recombination.

[0054] The conductive material filled in the second gap P2 includes the material of the second electrode layer 123 or other conductive materials to achieve electrical connection between the first electrode layer 121 of the battery cell 12 and the second electrode layer 123 of the adjacent battery cell 12, so that the adjacent battery cells 12 are connected in series. Optionally, the second gap P2 is filled with the material of the second electrode layer 123. Such a setting can be achieved directly by preparing the second electrode layer 123, which is a simple method and reduces the preparation process. In some embodiments, the second gap P2 can also be filled with other materials, such as a protective layer provided on at least one side wall of the second gap P2, such as a PbSO4 protective layer, to protect the conductive material from contacting the light-absorbing material, thereby avoiding the reaction between the two and causing a decrease in battery performance. It is understandable that the addition of the protective layer will not affect the electrical connection between two adjacent battery cells 12.

[0055] The second electrode layers 123 of two adjacent battery cells 12 are spaced apart to form a third gap P3, which defines the boundary of the two adjacent battery cells 12 and prevents the battery cells 12 from being short-circuited due to direct electrical connection between the second electrode layers 123 of the two adjacent battery cells 12. Optionally, the third gap P3 is staggered with the first gap P1 and the second gap P2, and an interlaced electrode grid is formed between the first electrode layers 121 and the second electrode layers 123 of the multiple battery cells 12, which is beneficial to the effective separation and transmission of charges to the corresponding electrodes, reducing resistance loss and charge recombination, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Since part of the substrate 11 is exposed to the first gap P1, there is a risk that the alkali metal ions in the substrate 11 will migrate to the main structure layer 122 through the first gap P1; wherein, the alkali metal ions include Na + The first barrier layer 13 can interfere with the migration of alkali metal ions. That is, the first barrier layer 13 in the embodiment of the present application is used to interfere with the migration of alkali metal ions. By providing the first barrier layer 13 within the first gap P1, the present application blocks the first gap P1, which serves as a migration channel for alkali metal ions, thereby reducing the migration of alkali metal ions in the substrate 11 to the main structure layer 122 and weakening the potential-induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0056] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the first barrier layer 13 covers the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 and covers at least a portion of the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the first gap P1.

[0057] The surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 can be understood as the bottom surface of the first gap P1, and the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 covered by the first barrier layer 13 can also be described as the bottom surface of the first gap P1 covered by the first barrier layer 13. The surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the first gap P1 can also be described as the side surface of the first electrode layer 121. A first gap P1 is formed between the first electrode layers 121 of two adjacent battery cells 12, with a first electrode layer 121 on each side of the first gap P1; the first barrier layer 13 covering at least part of the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the first gap P1 can be the first barrier layer 13 covering at least part of the surface of one of the two adjacent first electrode layers 121 facing the first gap P1, or the first barrier layer 13 simultaneously covers at least part of the surface of both adjacent first electrode layers 121 facing the first gap P1.

[0058] The first barrier layer 13 covers the bottom surface of the first gap P1, disrupting various locations on the bottom surface of the first gap P1, significantly reducing the size of the channel for alkali metal ions to migrate from the first gap P1 to the main structure layer 122, and significantly reducing the amount of alkali metal ions migrating into the main structure layer 122. It should be noted that the first barrier layer 13 covering the bottom surface of the first gap P1 in the above description means that the first barrier layer 13 completely covers the bottom surface of the first gap P1.

[0059] The first barrier layer 13 covers the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 and at least a portion of the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the first gap P1 , making it easy to form the first barrier layer 13 and requiring low process requirements.

[0060] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 is smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer 121 .

[0061] The thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 can be less than the thickness of the first electrode layer 121, and the first barrier layer 13 does not completely fill the first gap P1. The thickness refers to the dimension along the arrangement direction of the substrate 11, the first electrode layer 121, and the main structure layer 122. In other embodiments, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 located on the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 can be equal to the thickness of the first electrode layer 121, and the first barrier layer 13 completely fills the first gap P1.

[0062] By setting the thickness of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 to be smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer 121, the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer 122 can be effectively hindered, the amount of material used in the first barrier layer can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

[0063] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 is less than 30 nm.

[0064] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer 13 as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions into the main structure layer 122 can be effectively blocked. The thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 29 nm, 29.9 nm, etc., or can be a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm-10 nm, 5 nm-20 nm, etc.

[0065] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 is less than or equal to 10 nm and greater than or equal to 0.1 nm.

[0066] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer 13 as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions into the main structural layer 122 can be effectively blocked, while reducing the amount of material used in the first barrier layer, thereby reducing costs. The thickness of the first barrier layer 13 covering the portion of the surface of the substrate 11 facing the first gap P1 can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10 nm, etc., or can be a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm to 5 nm, 1 nm to 8 nm, etc.

[0067] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the first barrier layer 13 is further disposed between the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122 .

[0068] The substrate 11, the first electrode layer 121, and the main structure layer 122 are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The first electrode layer 121 has a certain inhibitory effect on the migration of alkali metal ions in the substrate 11 to the main structure layer 122, but the inhibitory effect is relatively weak. By arranging a first barrier layer 13 between the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122, this part of the first barrier layer 13 interferes with the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer 122, which is beneficial to weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0069] In other words, alkali metal ions in substrate 11 can migrate toward main structure layer 122 through first gap P1, or through first electrode layer 121 toward main structure layer 122. First electrode layer 121 has a certain barrier effect, making it easier for alkali metal ions to migrate from first gap P1 toward main structure layer 122. In this embodiment of the present application, by providing first barrier layer 13 between first gap P1 and first electrode layer 121 and main structure layer 122, first barrier layer 13 interferes with the migration of alkali metal ions toward main structure layer 122, thereby reducing the potential-induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0070] Optionally, two opposite surfaces of the first barrier layer 13 are in contact with the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122 respectively, so that the structure of the solar cell is simple, which is conducive to reducing costs.

[0071] Optionally, a first film layer is provided between the first electrode layer 121 and the first barrier layer 13, and / or a second film layer is provided between the first barrier layer 13 and the main structure layer 122. It should be noted that the arrangement of the first film layer and the second film layer is specifically designed according to functional requirements, and the arrangement and thickness of the first film layer and the second film layer have little effect on the reception of electrons or holes by the first electrode layer 121.

[0072] Optionally, the portion of the first barrier layer 13 located in the first gap P1 and the portion of the first barrier layer 13 located between the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122 are formed in the same process, which is beneficial to simplifying the process and reducing costs.

[0073] Optionally, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 located in the first gap P1 and the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 located between the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122 are the same.

[0074] Optionally, physical vapor deposition (PVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to form the first barrier layer 13. Exemplarily, vacuum sputtering is used to form the first barrier layer 13. Another exemplary method is to use atomic layer deposition to form the first barrier layer 13.

[0075] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first barrier layer 13 covers the entire surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122 ; the main structure layer 122 and the second electrode layer 123 are sequentially stacked on one side of the first barrier layer 13 .

[0076] By designing the first barrier layer 13 to cover the entire surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122, the path of alkali metal ions migrating from the first electrode layer 121 to the main structure layer 122 is comprehensively disrupted, significantly reducing the amount of alkali metal ions migrating to the main structure layer 122, thereby reducing the potential-induced degradation effect of the solar cell and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In other embodiments, the first barrier layer 13 may also cover a portion of the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122, and the specific design can be determined according to needs.

[0077] It should be noted that when a first barrier layer 13 is provided between the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122, the bottom surface of the second gap P2 can be located on the surface of the first barrier layer 13 facing the main structure layer 122, or can be located inside the first barrier layer 13; the second gap P2 only needs to separate the main structure layers 122 of two adjacent batteries 12, and the bottom surface of the second gap P2 is designed as needed.

[0078] When a first barrier layer 13 is provided between the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122, the bottom surface of the third gap P3 may be the surface of the first barrier layer 13 facing the main structure layer 122, or may be located within the first barrier layer 13, or may be located on the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122, or may be located within the first electrode layer 121. Exemplarily, when the bottom surface of the third gap P3 is located on the surface of the first barrier layer 13 facing the main structure layer 122, the third gap P3 extends from the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing away from the main structure layer 122, penetrates the main structure layer 122, and extends to the surface of the first barrier layer 13 facing the main structure layer 122. Exemplarily, when the bottom surface of the third gap P3 is located within the first barrier layer 13, the third gap P3 extends from the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing away from the main structure layer 122, penetrates the main structure layer 122, and extends to the inside of the first barrier layer 13. Exemplarily, when the bottom surface of the third gap P3 is located on the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122, the third gap P3 extends from the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing away from the main structure layer 122, sequentially penetrates the main structure layer 122 and the first barrier layer 13, and extends to the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122. Exemplarily, when the bottom surface of the third gap P3 is located within the first electrode layer 121, the third gap P3 extends from the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing away from the main structure layer 122, sequentially penetrates the main structure layer 122 and the first barrier layer 13, and extends into the first electrode layer 121.

[0079] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122 is less than 30 nm.

[0080] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer 13 as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions toward the main structure layer 122 can be effectively blocked while minimizing the impact on hole or electron transport, ensuring that holes or electrons can smoothly pass through the first barrier layer 13 and be collected by the first electrode layer 121. The thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122 can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 29 nm, 29.9 nm, etc., or can be a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm-10 nm, 5 nm-20 nm, etc.

[0081] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122 is less than or equal to 10 nm and greater than or equal to 0.1 nm.

[0082] By designing the thickness of the first barrier layer 13 as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions toward the main structure layer 122 can be effectively blocked, while maintaining a high transmission efficiency for holes or electrons, thereby maintaining a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer 13 covering the surface of the first electrode layer 121 facing the main structure layer 122 can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10 nm, etc., or can be a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm to 5 nm, 1 nm to 8 nm, etc.

[0083] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the solar cell further includes a back sheet 14 and a second barrier layer 15. The back sheet 14 is located on the side of the second electrode layer 123 facing away from the substrate 11. The second barrier layer 15 covers the bottom surface of the third gap P3 and / or is located between the second electrode layer 123 and the back sheet 14.

[0084] Since part of the backplane 14 is exposed to the third gap P3, there is a risk that the alkali metal ions in the backplane 14 will migrate to the main structure layer 122 through the third gap P3. The second barrier layer 15 can interfere with the migration of alkali metal ions, that is, the second barrier layer 15 in the embodiment of the present application is used to interfere with the migration of alkali metal ions. The present application provides a second barrier layer 15 on the bottom surface of the third gap P3 to block the third gap P3, which serves as a migration channel for alkali metal ions, thereby reducing the migration of alkali metal ions in the backplane 14 to the main structure layer 122 and weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell. It should be noted that the second barrier layer 15 covering the bottom surface of the third gap P3 in the above description means that the second barrier layer 15 completely covers the bottom surface of the third gap P3.

[0085] The main structure layer 122, the second electrode layer 123, and the back plate 14 are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The second electrode layer 123 has a certain inhibitory effect on the migration of alkali metal ions in the back plate 14 to the main structure layer 122; by arranging a second barrier layer 15 between the second electrode layer 123 and the back plate 14, this part of the second barrier layer 15 further interferes with the migration of alkali metal ions to the main structure layer 122, which is beneficial to weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0086] In other words, alkali metal ions in the backsheet 14 can migrate toward the main structure layer 122 through the third gap P3, or through the second electrode layer 123 toward the main structure layer 122. The second electrode layer 123 has a certain barrier effect, but the barrier effect is relatively weak, making it easier for alkali metal ions to migrate from the third gap P3 toward the main structure layer 122. In this embodiment of the present application, a second barrier layer 15 is provided on the bottom surface of the third gap P3 and between the second electrode layer 123 and the backsheet 14. The second barrier layer 15 hinders the migration of alkali metal ions toward the main structure layer 122, thereby reducing the potential-induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0087] It should be noted that the thicker the second barrier layer 15 is, the better the effect of blocking the migration of alkali metal ions is.

[0088] The third gap P3 may be filled with the second barrier layer 15 or may not be filled with the second barrier layer 15 . The thickness of the second barrier layer 15 is designed according to needs.

[0089] Optionally, the second barrier layer 15 covers the entire surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the back plate 14 .

[0090] By designing the second barrier layer 15 to cover the entire surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the backsheet 14, the path of alkali metal ions migrating from the second electrode layer 123 to the main structure layer 122 is comprehensively disrupted, significantly reducing the amount of alkali metal ions migrating to the main structure layer 122, thereby reducing the potential-induced degradation effect of the solar cell and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In other embodiments, the second barrier layer 15 may also cover a portion of the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the main structure layer 122, and the specific design can be determined according to needs.

[0091] Optionally, the second barrier layer 15 is in contact with the second electrode layer 123 , which simplifies the structure of the solar cell and helps reduce costs.

[0092] Optionally, a third film layer is provided between the second barrier layer 15 and the second electrode layer 123. It should be noted that the third film layer is specifically designed according to functional requirements.

[0093] Optionally, the portion of the second barrier layer 15 located in the third gap P3 and the portion of the second barrier layer 15 located between the second electrode layer 123 and the back plate 14 are formed in the same process, which is beneficial to simplifying the process and reducing costs.

[0094] Optionally, the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 located in the third gap P3 and the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 located between the second electrode layer 123 and the back plate 14 are the same.

[0095] Optionally, physical vapor deposition (PVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to form the second barrier layer 15. Exemplarily, vacuum sputtering is used to form the second barrier layer 15. Another exemplary method is to use atomic layer deposition to form the second barrier layer 15.

[0096] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the bottom surface of the third gap P3 is less than 30 nm; and / or the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the back plate 14 is less than 30 nm.

[0097] By designing the thickness of the second barrier layer 15 as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions into the main structure layer 122 can be effectively blocked. The thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the bottom surface of the third gap P3 and the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the backplane 14 can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 29 nm, 29.9 nm, etc., respectively, or can be a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm-10 nm, 5 nm-20 nm, etc.

[0098] In one embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the bottom surface of the third gap P3 is less than or equal to 10 nm and greater than or equal to 0.1 nm; and / or, the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the back plate 14 is less than or equal to 10 nm and greater than or equal to 0.1 nm.

[0099] By designing the thickness of the second barrier layer 15 as described above, the migration of alkali metal ions toward the main structure layer 122 can be effectively blocked, maintaining a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the bottom surface of the third gap P3 and the thickness of the portion of the second barrier layer 15 covering the surface of the second electrode layer 123 facing the backplane 14 can be 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, 10 nm, etc., respectively, or can be a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 0.1 nm to 5 nm, 1 nm to 8 nm, etc.

[0100] In one embodiment, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an encapsulation layer 16 is further provided between the second barrier layer 15 and the backsheet 14. The encapsulation layer 16 is used to encapsulate the main structure layer 122, preventing moisture, oxygen, and other corrosive substances from entering the main structure layer 122, protecting the main structure layer 122 from environmental damage, and extending the service life of the solar cell.

[0101] Optionally, the encapsulation layer 16 has adhesive properties, and the encapsulation layer 16 can also be used to tightly bond the second barrier layer 15 and the back sheet 14 together.

[0102] Optionally, the encapsulation layer 16 has the property of hindering the migration of alkaline metal ions. The encapsulation layer 16 and the second barrier layer 15 jointly hinder the migration of alkaline metal ions in the backsheet 14 toward the main structure layer 122, significantly reducing the amount of alkaline metal ions migrating into the main structure layer 122, weakening the potential-induced degradation effect of the solar cell, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. For example, the encapsulation layer 16 includes one of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide to achieve the goal of hindering the migration of alkaline metal ions.

[0103] It should be noted that when the encapsulation layer 16 has the property of hindering the migration of alkaline metal ions, the second barrier layer 15 is an optional structure and is selected according to specific needs.

[0104] In one embodiment, at least one of the first barrier layer 13 and the second barrier layer 15 includes a plurality of stacked layers, and each layer includes one of an inorganic metal oxide and a nitride.

[0105] Inorganic metal oxides and nitrides usually have a compact crystal structure; alkali metal ions such as Na + , K + The lattice gaps of inorganic metal oxides and nitrides are relatively large, while the lattice gaps of inorganic metal oxides and nitrides are smaller, effectively blocking the diffusion paths of alkali metal ions within the material, making it difficult for alkali metal ions to penetrate and pass through these materials, thereby physically hindering the migration of alkali metal ions. In addition, the design of the first barrier layer 13 including inorganic metal oxides and nitrides has little effect on the transmission of holes or electrons.

[0106] In one embodiment, each layer comprises SiO x 、SiN x 、AlO x 、ZrO、MoO x One of the following. Wherein, x = 1 to 2.

[0107] By designing the layered SiO x 、SiN x 、AlO x 、ZrO、MoO x The material is easily available, so that the first barrier layer 13 and the second barrier layer 15 can hinder the migration of alkali metal ions, which is beneficial to weakening the potential induced degradation effect of the solar cell and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0108] In one embodiment, the material of the light absorbing layer 1221 includes, but is not limited to, a perovskite (PVK) material. The perovskite material has a photoelectric conversion function. The chemical formula of the perovskite material is ABX3, where A is an inorganic cation and / or an organic cation, B is an inorganic cation and / or an organic cation, and X is an inorganic anion and / or an organic anion.

[0109] Wherein, A is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, or a mixture of an inorganic cation and an organic cation. Optionally, A is a methylamino group (CH3NH3 + )(MA + ), carbamimidyl (HC(NH2)2 + )(FA + ), cesium ions (Cs + ) and rubidium (Rb + ) at least one of.

[0110] B is an inorganic cation, an organic cation, or a mixture of an inorganic cation and an organic cation. Optionally, B is a divalent metal ion Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ At least one of .

[0111] X is an inorganic anion, an organic anion, or a mixture of an inorganic anion and an organic anion. Optionally, X is a halogen anion; that is, the perovskite material includes a halide perovskite.

[0112] The light absorption layer 1221 includes a perovskite material, and a first barrier layer 13 is provided between the first gap P1 and the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122. The first barrier layer 13 prevents the alkali metal ions in the substrate 11 from migrating to the main structure layer 122 through the first gap P1 and the first electrode layer 121, thereby weakening the potential induced attenuation effect of the solar cell.

[0113] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the main structure layer 122 further includes a hole transport layer 1222 located on one side of the light absorbing layer 1221 and / or an electron transport layer 1223 located on the other side of the light absorbing layer 1221 .

[0114] By setting up the hole transport layer 1222, the hole transport layer 1222 helps to effectively extract and conduct the holes generated from the light absorption layer 1221 to the first electrode layer 121 or the second electrode layer 123, reducing the recombination loss of holes during the transmission process, which is beneficial to improving the charge collection efficiency and the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency; the hole transport layer 1222 serves as the interface layer between the light absorption layer 1221 and the first electrode layer 121 or the second electrode layer 123, which can optimize the energy level matching, reduce the recombination of holes and electrons at the interface, and further improve the current output and voltage holding capacity.

[0115] The hole transport layer 1222 is used to transport the holes generated by the light absorbing layer 1221 to the corresponding electrodes and prevent the holes from diffusing in the opposite direction. Hole transport materials include, but are not limited to, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrenesulfonic acid, poly3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N-(4-phenylamino)carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, at least one of phosphate-based monomers, carbazole-based monomers, sulfonic acid-based monomers, triphenylamine-based monomers, aromatic monomers, metal oxides and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal element in the metal oxide selected in the hole transport material includes at least one of Ni, Mo and Cu, for example, nickel oxide.

[0116] By setting up the electron transport layer 1223, the main function of the electron transport layer 1223 is to quickly extract the electrons generated in the light absorption layer 1221 and prevent them from recombining with holes: the electron transport layer 1223 helps to adjust the energy level structure between the light absorption layer 1221 and the first electrode layer 121 or the second electrode layer 123, achieve good electron injection and block holes, reduce interface recombination, and help improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0117] The material of the electron transport layer 1223 is at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation. The electron transport material includes but is not limited to at least one of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, metal oxides, semiconductor material oxides, titanates, and fluorides. Imides include at least one of phthalimide, succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, glutarimide, or maleimide. Quinone compounds include at least one of benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, phenanthrenequinone, or anthraquinone. Fullerenes and their derivatives include [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71At least one of BM, fullerene C60 (C60), and fullerene C70 (C70). The metal element in the metal oxide includes at least one of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga, and Cr; exemplary examples include zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin dioxide (SnO2). The semiconductor material oxide includes silicon oxide. The titanate includes at least one of strontium titanate and calcium titanate. The fluoride includes at least one of lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride.

[0118] It should be noted that the hole transport layer 1222 and the electron transport layer 1223 are optional structures, and whether to set them up depends on specific needs.

[0119] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, along the direction from the first electrode layer 121 to the second electrode layer 123, the main structure layer 122 includes a hole transport layer 1222, a light absorption layer 1221, and an electron transport layer 1223 stacked in sequence; at this time, the first electrode layer 121 is used to collect holes, and the second electrode layer 123 is used to collect electrons.

[0120] Optional, such as Figure 6 As shown, along the direction from the first electrode layer 121 to the second electrode layer 123, the main structure layer 122 includes an electron transport layer 1223, a light absorption layer 1221, and a hole transport layer 1222 stacked in sequence; at this time, the first electrode layer 121 is used to collect electrons, and the second electrode layer 123 is used to collect holes.

[0121] In one embodiment, the substrate 11 comprises glass. The glass allows light to pass through the substrate 11 to reach the light absorbing layer 1221. The glass includes alkali metal ions, such as Na + By forming the first barrier layer 13 between the first gap P1, the first electrode layer 121 and the main structure layer 122, the alkali metal ions in the glass are prevented from migrating to the main structure layer 122, thereby reducing the potential induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0122] In one embodiment, the first electrode layer 121 comprises a transparent conductive oxide. The transparent conductive oxide may be FTO (fluorine-doped SnO2), ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide), or IZO (indium zinc oxide). The first electrode layer 121 comprises a transparent conductive oxide that can be used to collect both electrons and holes; this applies regardless of whether the battery cell 12 has a regular or transverse configuration. In other embodiments, the first electrode layer 121 comprises polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), graphene, or conductive nanowires.

[0123] In one embodiment, the second electrode layer 123 is typically made of an organic conductive material, an inorganic conductive material, or a mixture of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material. Examples of the organic conductive material include conductive polymers, including but not limited to at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), polythiophene, and polyacetylene. Examples of the inorganic conductive material include but not limited to at least one of transparent conductive oxides, metals, and carbon derivatives. Specific examples of the inorganic conductive material include Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, and IZO.

[0124] In one embodiment, the back plate 14 comprises glass.

[0125] By forming the second barrier layer 15 between the third gap P3, the second electrode layer 123 and the back plate 14, the alkali metal ions in the glass are prevented from migrating to the main structure layer 122, thereby reducing the potential induced degradation effect of the solar cell.

[0126] The present application also provides an electrical device, which is a common device including the solar cell provided in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application. The device has at least the same advantages as the solar cell and can improve the performance of the electrical device. As an example, the electrical device can be used in the fields of communications, transportation, industry and agriculture, lighting, etc. The electrical device may include, for example, satellites, communications equipment, traffic lights, lighthouses, wireless telephone booths, monitoring equipment for oil drilling, power supply systems, camping lights, electric vehicles, and electronic device chargers.

[0127] The present application also provides a power generation device. The power generation device is a common device including the solar cell provided in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application. The power generation device has at least the same advantages as the solar cell, and can improve the power generation performance of the power generation device. The solar cell serves as the energy source of the power generation device, realizing the power output of the power generation device. As an example, the power generation device can be applied to fields such as building electricity, wearable device electricity, smartphone electricity, and vehicle battery electricity.

[0128] The above is only an implementation method of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: comprising a substrate and a plurality of battery cells located on the substrate; Each of the battery cells comprises a first electrode layer, a main structure layer, and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, wherein the main structure layer comprises at least a light absorbing layer; the first electrode layers of two adjacent battery cells are interrupted along the thickness direction of the battery cell by a first gap, the main structure layers of two adjacent battery cells are interrupted along the thickness direction of the battery cell by a second gap, and the second gap is filled with a conductive material; the second electrode layers of two adjacent battery cells are interrupted along the thickness direction of the battery cell by a third gap; a plurality of battery cells are structurally separated and connected by the first gap, the conductive material filled in the second gap, and the third gap; Wherein, the solar cell further includes a first barrier layer, and the first barrier layer is arranged in the first gap.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The first barrier layer covers a surface of the substrate facing the first gap and covers at least a portion of a surface of the first electrode layer facing the first gap.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The thickness of a portion of the first barrier layer covering the surface of the substrate facing the first gap is smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer.

4. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The first barrier layer is further provided between the first electrode layer and the main structure layer.

5. The solar cell according to claim 4, wherein The thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer covering the surface of the first electrode layer facing the main structure layer is less than 30 nm.

6. The solar cell according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The thickness of the portion of the first barrier layer covering the surface of the first electrode layer facing the main structure layer is less than or equal to 10 nm and greater than or equal to 0.1 nm.

7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The solar cell further includes a backplane and a second barrier layer; the backplane is located on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate; the second barrier layer covers the bottom surface of the third gap and / or is located between the second electrode layer and the backplane.

8. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that At least one of the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer includes a plurality of stacked layers, and each of the layers includes one of an inorganic metal oxide and a nitride.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that Each of the layers comprises SiO x 、SiN x 、AlO x 、ZrO、MoO x One of the following, where x=1~2.

10. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The light absorbing layer includes a perovskite material.

11. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The main structure layer further includes a hole transport layer located on one side of the light absorbing layer and / or an electron transport layer located on the other side of the light absorbing layer.

12. An electrical device, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A power generation device, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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