Novel universal tool for machining
The new universal machining tooling with modular structure solves the problem of deformation of workpieces with large aspect ratio due to clamping and compression during machining, achieves high-precision positioning and efficient clamping, and is suitable for the machining of parts in the military, aviation, building materials and other industries.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422538162.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-21
Smart Images
Figure CN223313823U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a novel universal machining tool, belonging to the technical field of machining tool fixtures. Background Art
[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, especially in the military, aviation, and building materials industries, plate-shaped and long-strip workpieces with an "aspect ratio" greater than 5 account for a large proportion. Due to their special structural characteristics, these workpieces have poor bending strength. The traditional clamping method of the processing workshop using washers, screws, and pressure plates not only interferes with the position to be processed, but is also prone to clamping deformation, affecting the processing accuracy of the workpiece. The current common clamping method is to clamp the workpiece in parallel with several flat-mouth vises. However, this clamping method also has certain limitations. It is difficult to complete the processing of workpieces with high requirements for parallelism and flatness of the upper and lower surfaces in one go. It requires multiple flipping and sequential processing, which requires high technical skills of the operator, long working hours, and difficult to guarantee the quality of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a new type of universal machining tool, which not only eliminates human influence factors and improves machining accuracy, but also has a large clamping torque and high transmission efficiency, thereby greatly reducing machining time.
[0004] To solve the above problems, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: a new type of general machining tool, consisting of a tool base module, a side quick clamp, a fixed support module, an auxiliary support module and a side positioning module; wherein the tool base module includes a main base and a tool pressure block, and open grooves are respectively provided on the two longitudinal surfaces of the main base, and a number of tool pressure blocks are connected in the open grooves, and each tool pressure block is connected to a T-nut by a bolt, and the T-nut is connected to the T-slot of the machine tool worktable; a T-slot consistent with the length direction is provided in the center of the upper surface of the main base, and the T-bolt provided on the lower surface of the side quick clamp cooperates with the T-slot of the main base and is pressed and positioned on one side of the main base; the T-bolt provided on the lower surface of the side positioning module cooperates with the T-slot of the main base and is pressed and positioned on the other side of the main base; the auxiliary support module and the side positioning module slide in cooperation with the T-slot of the main base, and are located between the side quick clamp and the side positioning module.
[0005] The center of the bottom surface of the main base is provided with a long groove consistent with the width direction, and a guide flat key is provided in the long groove. The width of the guide flat key is equal to the width of the upper notch of the T-slot of the machine tool workbench.
[0006] The fixed support module includes a fixed support seat and an airtight gasket; bolts are provided on both sides of the fixed support seat, and T-nuts are connected to the bottom of the bolts; the bottom surface boss of the airtight gasket is cooperated and connected with the top surface groove of the fixed support seat, and an airtight hole is provided on the top of the airtight gasket, and the airtight pipe joint is connected to the airtight hole through the air path in the airtight gasket.
[0007] The auxiliary support module includes an auxiliary support seat, an ER32 chuck, a floating support pin and a pressure cover; the lower half of the inner hole of the auxiliary support seat is a cylindrical hole, and the upper half is a conical hole with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. A spring II is provided in the cylindrical hole, which is matched with the bottom conical part of the ER32 chuck in the conical hole. The upper wedge surface of the ER32 chuck is matched with the inner hole of the wedge surface of the pressure cover, and the outer circumference of the pressure cover is threadedly connected to the top of the auxiliary support seat; the inner hole of the ER32 chuck is connected with the floating support pin.
[0008] The top of the floating support pin is an arc surface.
[0009] A rectangular groove is provided on the outer circumference of the pressure cover.
[0010] The side positioning module includes a side positioning base, a fixed wedge block, and a sliding wedge block. The contact surface of the fixed wedge block and the sliding wedge block is a wedge surface, and they are jointly located above the side positioning base; the boss provided on the lower surface of the fixed wedge block is matched with the groove on the top surface of the side positioning base, and the sliding wedge block is floatingly matched with the top surface of the side positioning base through a spring I provided on the lower surface; a limit block is fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed wedge block, and when the sliding wedge block is at the top limit position, the top surface contacts the limit block.
[0011] Handles are respectively provided at both ends of the main base.
[0012] The new universal machining tooling disclosed in this application utilizes a modular structure, ensuring safety and reliability, high clamping torque, and high positioning accuracy. This tooling ensures workpiece machining accuracy while reducing production support time and significantly lowering production costs. It is suitable for machining parts with large aspect ratios in industries such as military, aviation, building materials, and machine tools. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application tooling.
[0014] Figure 2 This is the axonometric drawing of the tooling base module.
[0015] Figure 3 Axonometric drawing of the fixed support module.
[0016] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the auxiliary support module.
[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side positioning module structure.
[0018] Figure 6 This is the axonometric drawing of the side positioning module structure.
[0019] Figure 7 The figure is an example of application for plate-type workpieces.
[0020] Figure 8 This is an example diagram for long workpiece applications.
[0021] Among them, 1-tooling base module, 1.1-base, 1.2-tooling pressure block, 1.3-guide flat key, 1.4-handle, 1.5-T-nut, 2-side quick clamp, 3-fixed support module, 3.1-airtight gasket, 3.2-airtight pipe joint, 3.3-fixed support seat, 4-auxiliary support module, 4.1-floating support pin, 4.2-pressure cover, 4.3-ER32 chuck, 4.4-spring II, 4.5-auxiliary support seat, 5-side positioning module, 5.1-limit block, 5.2-fixed wedge, 5.3-spring I, 5.4-dust cover, 5.5-sliding wedge, 5.6-side positioning base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a new type of universal machining tool consists of a tool base module 1, a side quick clamp 2, a fixed support module 3, an auxiliary support module 4 and a side positioning module 5. The side quick clamp 2 is an existing structure and can be purchased commercially. Its main function is to drive the side wedge to move horizontally by rotating the vertical bolt; the tool base module 1 includes a main base 1.1 and a tool pressure block 1.2. Open grooves are respectively provided on the two longitudinal surfaces of the main base 1.1. Several tool pressure blocks 1.2 are connected in the open grooves. Each tool pressure block 1.2 is connected to a T-nut 1.5 by a bolt. The T-nut 1.5 engages with the T-slot of the machine table; a T-slot aligning with the length of the main base 1.1 is provided at the center of its upper surface. A T-bolt on the lower surface of the side quick clamp 2 engages with the T-slot of the main base 1.1 and is pressed and positioned on one side of the main base 1.1. A T-bolt on the lower surface of the side positioning module 5 engages with the T-slot of the main base 1.1 and is pressed and positioned on the other side of the main base 1.1. The auxiliary support module 4 and the fixed support module 3 slide in the T-slot of the main base 1.1 and are located between the side quick clamp 2 and the side positioning module 5. The workpiece is clamped between the side positioning module 5 and the side quick clamp 2 and supported from below by the auxiliary support module 4 to prevent deformation caused by excessively long parts.
[0023] The center of the bottom surface of the main base 1.1 is defined by a long, width-aligned groove. A guide key 1.3 is located within this groove. The width of the guide key 1.3 is equal to the width of the upper notch of the machine table's T-slot. The guide key 1.3 inserts into the center T-slot of the machine table for positioning. Handles 1.4 are mounted on both longitudinal sides of the base 1.1 for transporting the tooling.
[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, the fixed support module 3 includes a fixed support base 3.3 and an airtight gasket 3.1. Bolts are installed on both sides of the fixed support base 3.3, and T-nuts are connected to the bottom of the bolts. The bottom surface boss of the airtight gasket 3.1 is connected to the top surface groove of the fixed support base 3.3. An airtight hole 3.4 is provided on the top of the airtight gasket 3.1. An airtight pipe joint 3.2 is connected to the airtight hole 3.4 through an air path within the airtight gasket 3.1. After a certain air pressure is added to the airtight gasket 3.1, an external airtight detection device can obtain a feedback signal to determine the contact between the airtight gasket 3.1 and the workpiece surface.
[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, the auxiliary support module 4 includes an auxiliary support base 4.5, an ER32 chuck 4.3, a floating support pin 4.1, and a pressure cap 4.2. The top of the floating support pin 4.1 is a circular arc surface to reduce the support area. The ER32 chuck 4.3 is a Japanese standard chuck and can be purchased commercially. The lower half of the inner hole of the auxiliary support base 4.5 is a cylindrical hole, and the upper half is a frustum hole with a larger top and smaller bottom, with a taper of 60°. A spring II4.4 is provided in the cylindrical hole, which is connected to the bottom frustum of the ER32 chuck 4.3 in the frustum hole. The upper wedge surface of the ER32 chuck 4.3 is connected to the inner hole of the wedge surface of the pressure cap 4.2. The outer circumference of the pressure cap 4.2 is threadedly connected to the top of the auxiliary support base 4.5. The inner hole of the ER32 chuck 4.3 is inserted into the floating support pin 4.1. When the gland 4.2 is tightened, the ER32 collet 4.3 is squeezed by the conical surface, pressing the floating support pin 4.1 to fix it axially. When the gland 4.2 is loosened, the ER32 collet 4.3 is disengaged from the floating support pin 4.1, allowing it to float axially. To facilitate rotation, a rectangular groove is provided on the outer circumference of the gland 4.2.
[0026] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the side positioning module 5 includes a side positioning base 5.6, a fixed wedge 5.2, and a sliding wedge 5.5. The contact surfaces of the fixed wedge 5.2 and the sliding wedge 5.5 are wedge surfaces, and are jointly located above the side positioning base 5.6. The angle between the wedge surface and the vertical surface is an 8° inclined surface; the boss provided on the lower surface of the fixed wedge 5.2 is matched with the groove on the top surface of the side positioning base 5.6, and the sliding wedge 5.5 is floatingly matched with the top surface of the side positioning base 5.6 through the spring I5.3 provided on the lower surface; the limit block 5.1 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed wedge 5.2, and when the sliding wedge 5.5 is at the top limit position, the top surface contacts the limit block 5.1. During operation, the workpiece is squeezed by the side quick-action clamp 2 and moved toward the side positioning module 5. The sliding wedge 5.5 is forced to move diagonally downward along the T-track until it reaches the upper surface of the positioning base 5.6. The sliding wedge 5.5 has an 8mm vertical travel and a 1mm left-right travel. When not in operation, the sliding wedge 5.5 is tensioned by spring 15.3 and engages the stop block 5.1. A dust cover 5.4 is mounted on the outer surface of the side positioning module 5 and is bolted to the fixed wedge 5.2.
[0027] The working process of this utility model is as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in the pre-production preparation stage, the number of the utility model to be installed is determined according to the shape of the workpiece and the size of the worktable of the machine tool before the workpiece is processed. Usually, three fixed support modules 3 are arranged for plate-type workpieces according to the principle of "three points determine a plane", and two fixed support modules 3 are arranged for long workpieces according to the principle of "two points determine a straight line". Other modules are arranged in appropriate positions according to actual production needs. Then, the side positioning module 5 is pulled positive with a micrometer to ensure that all side positioning modules 5 are coplanar and parallel to the machine tool feed axis, the side quick clamp 2 is loosened, the pressure cover 4.2 in the auxiliary support module 4 is loosened, the floating support pin 4.1 is reset, and the pre-production preparation is completed.
[0028] Lift the workpiece to be processed above this fixture, and slowly lower it until it fits against the upper surface of the airtight pad 3.1 in the fixed support module 3. Remove the lifting fixture, apply a pre-tightening torque (approximately 30% of the clamping torque) to the side quick clamp 2, and push the workpiece until it fits against the side of the sliding wedge 5.5 in the side positioning module 5, and move the sliding wedge 5.5 to the limit position. Observe whether the signal amplitude feedback from the display panel of the airtightness detection device (external device) is within a reasonable range. If the airtightness feedback is not satisfactory, use a leather hammer or a copper hammer to tap the point until the airtightness feedback is qualified. Tighten the pressure cover 4.2 in the auxiliary support module 4, and axially fix the floating support pin 4.1 and fit it against the lower surface of the workpiece. Apply a clamping torque to the side quick clamp 2 and observe the airtightness feedback signal again. It is usually qualified. If not, loosen the shouldered hexagonal nut 2.4 and clamp it again.
Claims
1. A new type of universal machining tool, characterized by: It consists of a tooling base module (1), a side quick clamp (2), a fixed support module (3), an auxiliary support module (4) and a side positioning module (5); The tooling base module (1) includes a main base (1.1) and a tooling pressure block (1.2). Open grooves are respectively provided on the two longitudinal surfaces of the main base (1.1). Several tooling pressure blocks (1.2) are connected in the open grooves. Each tooling pressure block (1.2) is connected to a T-nut (1.5) by a bolt. The T-nut (1.5) is connected to the T-slot of the machine tool workbench. A T-slot consistent with the longitudinal direction is provided at the center of the upper surface of the main base (1.1). The side quick clamping The T-bolts provided on the lower surface of the device (2) cooperate with the T-slots of the main base (1.1) and are pressed and positioned on one side of the main base (1.1); the T-bolts provided on the lower surface of the side positioning module (5) cooperate with the T-slots of the main base (1.1) and are pressed and positioned on the other side of the main base (1.1); the auxiliary support module (4) and the fixed support module (3) are slidably fitted with the T-slots of the main base (1.1) and are located between the side quick clamp (2) and the side positioning module (5).
2. The new universal machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A long groove in line with the width direction is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the main base (1.1), a guide flat key (1.3) is provided in the long groove, and the width of the guide flat key (1.3) is equal to the width of the upper notch of the T-slot of the machine tool workbench.
3. The new universal machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixed support module (3) comprises a fixed support seat (3.3) and an airtight gasket (3.1); bolts are provided on both sides of the fixed support seat (3.3), and T-shaped nuts are connected to the bottom of the bolts; a boss on the bottom surface of the airtight gasket (3.1) is cooperatively connected to a groove on the top surface of the fixed support seat (3.3); an airtight hole (3.4) is provided on the top of the airtight gasket (3.1); and an airtight pipe joint (3.2) is connected to the airtight hole (3.4) through an air path in the airtight gasket (3.1).
4. The new universal machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The auxiliary support module (4) comprises an auxiliary support seat (4.5), an ER32 chuck (4.3), a floating support pin (4.1) and a pressure cover (4.2); wherein the lower half of the inner hole of the auxiliary support seat (4.5) is a cylindrical hole, and the upper half is a truncated cone hole with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion; a spring II (4.4) is provided in the cylindrical hole, and is matched with the bottom truncated cone of the ER32 chuck (4.3) in the truncated cone hole; the upper wedge surface of the ER32 chuck (4.3) is matched with the inner hole of the wedge surface of the pressure cover (4.2); the outer circumference of the pressure cover (4.2) is threadedly connected to the top of the auxiliary support seat (4.5); the inner hole of the ER32 chuck (4.3) is plugged with the floating support pin (4.1).
5. The new universal machining tool according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The top of the floating support pin (4.1) is an arc surface.
6. The new universal machining tool according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The outer circumference of the gland (4.2) is provided with a rectangular groove.
7. The new universal machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side positioning module (5) comprises a side positioning base (5.6), a fixed wedge (5.2), and a sliding wedge (5.5); the contact surfaces of the fixed wedge (5.2) and the sliding wedge (5.5) are wedge surfaces, and are located together above the side positioning base (5.6); a boss provided on the lower surface of the fixed wedge (5.2) is engaged with a groove on the top surface of the side positioning base (5.6); the sliding wedge (5.5) is engaged with the top surface of the side positioning base (5.6) in a floating manner via a spring I (5.3) provided on the lower surface; a limit block (5.1) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed wedge (5.2); when the sliding wedge (5.5) is at the top limit position, the top surface contacts the limit block (5.1).
8. The new universal machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Handles (1.4) are respectively provided at both ends of the main base (1.1).