Blast hole net structure for strip mine
By arranging pre-splitting holes and buffer holes in an upper and lower staggered manner in the open-pit mine blasting hole network, the problem of serious slope damage in traditional pre-splitting blasting is solved, and wider pre-splitting and higher blasting quality are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422578859.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-24
AI Technical Summary
In traditional pre-splitting blasting design, due to the relatively developed structural surface, the flush arrangement of pre-splitting blastholes will change the minimum resistance line during the blasting process, resulting in poor pre-splitting blasting seam formation effect and obvious post-blasting impact, causing serious damage to slopes or areas with poor rock quality.
The pre-splitting holes are arranged in an alternating manner in the platform area, and combined with the setting of buffer holes and positive row holes, the minimum resistance line size during blasting of the pre-splitting holes is changed to generate wider pre-cracks to isolate the impact of positive row blasting on the slope.
By arranging pre-crack holes in an alternating pattern up and down, wider pre-cracks are generated to prevent slope loosening, improve blasting quality and slope stability, reduce rock size and blasting vibration, and ensure a smooth slope surface.
Smart Images
Figure CN223346057U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of mine blasting technology, and in particular to a blasting hole network structure for an open-pit mine. Background Art
[0002] In traditional pre-splitting blasting design, theoretical calculations are used to arrange a row of parallel pre-splitting holes at a certain spacing. These holes are then charged at intervals and detonated simultaneously. In areas near the original surface or where structural surfaces are well developed, due to the presence of joints, fissures, and faults, the parallel arrangement of pre-splitting holes can alter the minimum resistance line during blasting. This results in poor crack formation and significant post-blasting damage, leading to severe damage to the final slope or slopes in areas with poor rock quality. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides an open-pit mine blasting hole network structure. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure arranges pre-crack holes in an up and down staggered form on the platform area, so as to achieve the technical effect of changing the minimum resistance line size during blasting of pre-crack holes, generating wider pre-cracks, and isolating the influence of positive row blasting on the slope.
[0004] An embodiment of the present application provides an open-pit mine blasting hole network structure, which is used to divide the open-pit mine to be blasted from top to bottom into multiple stepped areas for blasting, each stepped area including a platform area and a slope, including pre-crack holes, buffer holes and positive row holes arranged in the platform area, the pre-crack holes being arranged on a side of the platform area close to the slope, the positive row holes being arranged on a side of the platform area away from the slope, and the buffer holes being placed between the pre-crack holes and the positive row holes; wherein the pre-crack holes are arranged in an upper and lower staggered manner in sequence on the platform area, and two adjacent pre-crack holes are arranged at intervals.
[0005] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the pre-crack holes are arranged in an upper and lower staggered manner, which can change the size of the minimum resistance line during blasting of the pre-crack holes, thereby generating wider pre-cracks to isolate the impact of the positive row blasting on the slope, thereby preventing the surrounding rock of the slope from loosening and ensuring the stability of the slope.
[0006] In some embodiments, two rows of the buffer holes are provided, and the two rows of the buffer holes are staggered in sequence.
[0007] In this embodiment, the two staggered rows of buffer holes can not only effectively reduce the impact of the positive row of holes on the slope during the blasting process, but also help control the size of the rock after blasting, thereby ensuring the blasting quality.
[0008] In some embodiments, the hole pitch of the buffer holes is smaller than the hole pitch of the positive row holes.
[0009] In this embodiment, the arrangement density of the buffer holes is increased, thereby further reducing the impact of the positive row holes on the slope during the blasting process.
[0010] In some embodiments, the positive row holes are arranged vertically downward, and the pre-crack holes and the buffer holes are both arranged obliquely toward the positive row holes.
[0011] In this embodiment, the pre-splitting holes and buffer holes arranged obliquely in the direction of the normal row of holes help to control the transfer of blasting energy, reduce damage to the surrounding rock mass, and thus improve the blasting effect and slope stability.
[0012] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the pre-split hole is the same as the inclination angle of the slope.
[0013] In this embodiment, by using pre-splitting holes with the same inclination angle as the slope, it is ensured that pre-splitting blasting can effectively control blasting vibration, reduce damage to the retained rock mass, and form a relatively flat excavation profile to ensure that the slope surface formed after blasting is flat.
[0014] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the pre-splitting hole is the same as the inclination angle of the buffer hole.
[0015] In this embodiment, the impact and destructive effect of the positive row holes on the pre-splitting slope surface can be effectively reduced, and the ore and rock within the control range can be effectively crushed.
[0016] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent pre-splitting holes is 0.8-1.2 m.
[0017] In this embodiment, by arranging dense pre-crack holes, the blasting stress waves between adjacent pre-crack holes can better interact with each other, which helps to form continuous cracks, thereby obtaining wider cracks and longer crack extension lengths.
[0018] In some embodiments, the diameter of the pre-split hole is larger than the diameter of the explosive in the pre-split hole.
[0019] In this embodiment, the pre-cracked hole adopts an uncoupled charging method, and explosives with a diameter smaller than the pre-cracked hole diameter are filled in the pre-cracked hole, which can reduce the peak pressure of the hole wall, improve the blasting effect, and further reduce the impact of the blasting on the surrounding rock mass.
[0020] In some embodiments, the pre-crack hole includes a top filling section, a middle normal section, and a bottom reinforcement section arranged in sequence, the top filling section is used to fill with filler, the middle normal section and the bottom reinforcement section are used to fill with explosives, wherein the explosive charge of the bottom reinforcement section is greater than that of the middle normal section.
[0021] In this embodiment, the blasting effect is optimized and the blasting vibration is controlled by increasing the charge amount of the reinforcement section at the bottom of the pre-splitting hole, thereby helping to achieve the goal of pre-splitting blasting.
[0022] In some embodiments, the platform area is provided with at least three rows of the positive rows of holes.
[0023] In this embodiment, by arranging multiple rows of positive holes in the platform area, the blasting effect can be ensured, the large block rate can be greatly reduced, and the blasting quality can be improved.
[0024] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.
[0026] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a pre-splitting blasting hole arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0027] Figure 2 A top view of the arrangement of pre-splitting blasting holes provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-crack hole provided in an embodiment of the present application.
[0029] Description of reference numerals:
[0030] 1. Pre-cracked hole; 11. Top filling section; 12. Middle normal section; 13. Bottom reinforcement section;
[0031] 2. Buffer hole; 3. Positive discharge hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
[0034] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0035] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.
[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.
[0040] In open-pit mining, the ore is typically divided into several horizontal steps for mining. To ensure the stability of each layered fixed step, the slope of the fixed steps in open-pit mines is usually designed to be around 65°, and pre-splitting blasting control measures are implemented to ensure that the reserved steps meet the design requirements.
[0041] In traditional pre-splitting blasting design, theoretical calculations are used to arrange a row of parallel pre-splitting holes at a certain spacing. These holes are then charged at intervals and detonated simultaneously. In areas near the original surface or where structural surfaces are well developed, due to the presence of joints, fissures, and faults, the parallel arrangement of pre-splitting holes can alter the minimum resistance line during blasting. This results in poor crack formation and significant post-blasting damage, leading to severe damage to the final slope or slopes in areas with poor rock quality.
[0042] In order to solve the technical problem that the traditional pre-splitting blasting scheme will change the minimum resistance line during the blasting process due to the structural surface, thereby making the pre-splitting blasting seam forming effect poor, the blasting post-blasting obvious, and the slope damage to the final slope or the slope in the area with poor rock quality more serious, the present application provides an open-pit mine blasting hole network structure, wherein, by arranging the pre-splitting holes 1 in an up and down staggered form on the platform area, the minimum resistance line size during the pre-splitting blasting can be changed, and a wider pre-crack can be generated to isolate the technical effect of the influence of the positive row blasting on the slope.
[0043] Please refer to Figure 1-2 , Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figures are a cross-sectional view and a top view of the arrangement of pre-splitting blastholes provided in an embodiment of the present application. The open-pit mine to be blasted is divided into multiple stepped areas from top to bottom for blasting. Each stepped area includes a platform area and a side slope. The platform area is provided with pre-splitting holes 1, buffer holes 2, and positive holes 3. The pre-splitting holes 1 are arranged on the side of the platform area close to the side slope, the positive holes 3 are arranged on the side of the platform area away from the side slope, and the buffer holes 2 are placed between the pre-splitting holes 1 and the positive holes 3. The pre-splitting holes 1 are arranged in an upper and lower staggered manner on the platform area, and adjacent pre-splitting holes 1 are spaced apart.
[0044] Specifically, during the pre-splitting blasting process, the pre-splitting hole 1 is detonated in advance before the main row holes 3 and the buffer hole 2, thereby forming a pre-crack. During this process, the pre-splitting holes 1 arranged in an upper and lower staggered manner can change the size of the minimum resistance line during the blasting of the pre-splitting holes, thereby generating a wider pre-crack to isolate the impact of the main row blasting on the slope, thereby preventing the surrounding rock of the slope from loosening and ensuring the stability of the slope.
[0045] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, two rows of buffer holes 2 are provided in the platform area, and the two rows of buffer holes 2 are arranged in a staggered manner. The staggered arrangement of the two rows of buffer holes 2 not only effectively reduces the impact of the main row of holes 3 on the slope during the blasting process, but also helps to control the size of the rock after blasting, ensuring the blasting quality.
[0046] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the hole spacing of the buffer holes 2 is smaller than the hole spacing of the main row holes 3. By increasing the arrangement density of the buffer holes 2, the impact of the main row holes 3 on the slope during the blasting process is further reduced.
[0047] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the positive row holes 3 are arranged vertically downward, and the pre-splitting holes 1 and the buffer holes 2 are arranged obliquely toward the positive row holes 3. The pre-splitting holes 1 and the buffer holes 2 arranged obliquely toward the positive row holes 3 help control the transfer of blasting energy, reduce damage to the surrounding rock mass, and thus improve the blasting effect and slope stability.
[0048] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the inclination angle of the pre-splitting hole 1 is the same as the inclination angle of the slope, thereby ensuring that the pre-splitting blasting can effectively control the blasting vibration, reduce the damage to the retained rock mass, and form a relatively flat excavation profile to ensure that the slope formed after blasting is flat.
[0049] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the inclination angle of the pre-splitting hole 1 is the same as the inclination angle of the buffer hole 2, which can effectively reduce the impact and destructive effect of the positive row holes 3 on the pre-splitting slope and effectively crush the ore and rock within its control range.
[0050] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent pre-crack holes 1 is 0.8-1.5 m. By arranging dense pre-crack holes 1, the blasting stress waves between adjacent pre-crack holes 1 can better interact with each other, which helps to form continuous cracks, thereby obtaining wider cracks and longer crack extension lengths.
[0051] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the pre-crack hole 1 adopts an uncoupled charging method, and explosives with a diameter smaller than the hole diameter of the pre-crack hole 1 are filled in the pre-crack hole 1, which can reduce the peak pressure of the hole wall, improve the blasting effect, and thus reduce the impact of the blasting on the surrounding rock mass.
[0052] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the pre-splitting hole 1 includes a top filling section 11, a middle normal section 12 and a bottom reinforcement section 13 arranged in sequence. The top filling section 11 is used to fill the filler, and the middle normal section 12 and the bottom reinforcement section 13 are used to fill the explosives. The explosive charge of the bottom reinforcement section 13 is greater than that of the middle normal section 12. By increasing the charge of the bottom reinforcement section 13 of the pre-splitting hole 1, the blasting effect is optimized and the blasting vibration is controlled, which helps to achieve the goal of pre-splitting blasting.
[0053] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, at least three rows of positive holes 3 are provided in the platform area, thereby ensuring the blasting effect, greatly reducing the large block rate, and improving the blasting quality.
[0054] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A blasting hole network structure for an open-pit mine, used to divide the open-pit mine to be blasted into multiple stepped areas from top to bottom for blasting, each stepped area includes a platform area and a slope, characterized in that: The platform comprises a pre-splitting hole, a buffer hole and a positive row hole, wherein the pre-splitting hole is arranged on a side of the platform area close to the side slope, the positive row hole is arranged on a side of the platform area away from the side slope, and the buffer hole is placed between the pre-splitting hole and the positive row hole; The pre-crack holes are sequentially arranged on the platform area in an up-and-down staggered manner, and two adjacent pre-crack holes are arranged at intervals.
2. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two rows of buffer holes, and the two rows of buffer holes are staggered in sequence.
3. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hole pitch of the buffer holes is smaller than the hole pitch of the positive row holes.
4. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive row holes are arranged vertically downward, and the pre-splitting holes and the buffer holes are both arranged obliquely toward the positive row holes.
5. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the pre-splitting hole is the same as the inclination angle of the slope.
6. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the pre-splitting hole is the same as the inclination angle of the buffer hole.
7. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent pre-split holes is 0.8-1.2m.
8. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the pre-splitting hole is larger than the diameter of the explosive in the pre-splitting hole.
9. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pre-crack hole includes a top filling section, a middle normal section and a bottom reinforcement section which are arranged in sequence. The top filling section is used to fill with filler, and the middle normal section and the bottom reinforcement section are used to fill with explosives. The explosive charge of the bottom reinforcement section is greater than that of the middle normal section.
10. The open-pit mine blasting hole network structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform area is provided with at least three rows of positive holes.