Horizontal hob rock breaking test bed

Abstract

The utility model discloses a horizontal hob rock breaking test bed, which comprises a base, a vertical frame I, a vertical frame II, a rock box frame, a cutter head, a propelling system, a driving system, an operating system and a monitoring system, and is characterized in that the vertical frame I and the vertical frame II are fixed on two sides of the base; the cutterhead is arranged between the first vertical frame and the second vertical frame, the rock box frame is connected with the first vertical frame and the second vertical frame through a horizontal hydraulic oil cylinder, and the operating system controls the rock box frame to move horizontally. The cutter head comprises a cutter head frame, a hobbing cutter box and a hobbing cutter, the hobbing cutter box is arranged in the cutter head frame, and the hobbing cutter is arranged in the hobbing cutter box through a cutter shaft fixing block; a monitoring system is arranged in the hob box and is used for acquiring and recording the three-dimensional stress state of the hob in the test in real time; the propelling system and the driving system are uniformly controlled by the operating system. According to the multi-hob rock breaking test device, a multi-hob rock breaking test can be carried out, the stress state, the distribution characteristic, the evolution law and the non-uniformity of multiple hobs are researched, and a basis is provided for the design, selection, arrangement and improvement of the hobs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench, belonging to the technical field of shield machines. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, shield machines (TBMs), owing to their advantages of high mechanization, safety, and efficiency, have become the preferred choice for tunnel construction projects such as urban rail transit. During the shield machine's tunneling process, the cutterhead is at the forefront of the machine's advance and is the core component for rock breaking and excavation. The cutterhead, which directly contacts the rock, is the key tool for breaking and excavating the rock during the shield machine's tunneling. Due to the harsh underground construction environment and complex and variable geological conditions, the forces acting on the cutterhead are extremely complex, easily leading to cutter wear and deformation, which in turn seriously impacts the shield machine's tunneling efficiency and increases tunnel construction costs. Therefore, research on the rock-breaking mechanisms and wear prediction of shield machine cutters can help improve cutter efficiency and accelerate construction progress. Conducting cutter rock-breaking tests is the most convenient and intuitive way to study cutter forces and rock fragmentation. Currently, indoor testing primarily relies on cutter rock-breaking test rigs. Existing test rigs for cutter rock-breaking are available in two types: vertical and horizontal. Early rock-cutting test rigs were mostly vertical. The surface of the rock sample to be cut was parallel to the horizontal plane, and the cutters were mounted above the rock. This rock-cutting process differed from that of actual shield machine excavation. The resulting rock debris could not be lifted off the rock surface by gravity, affecting the accuracy of the rock-cutting test results and hindering real-time observation of the rock failure surface. Furthermore, vertical rock-cutting test rigs only perform linear rock cutting, failing to simulate the rotational motion of the cutters during actual shield machine excavation. While existing horizontal rock-cutting test rigs can perform rotary cutting tests on target rock samples, some only have a single cutter, while others have fixed cutter positions, making it impossible to investigate the interaction between the cutters during the rock-cutting process. Furthermore, the rock sample box has fixed dimensions, resulting in high sample size requirements and increasing the difficulty of sample processing. Gaps between the rock sample and the rock sample box require concrete pouring, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also increases test costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench for the defects of the existing technology, which provides a basis for adjusting the excavation parameters and selecting the timing of the cutter change during the construction process.

[0004] In order to solve this technical problem, the utility model provides a horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench, comprising a base, a first frame, a second frame, a rock box frame, a cutter disc, a propulsion system, a drive system, an operating system and a monitoring system, wherein the first frame and the second frame are fixed on both sides of the base; the cutter disc is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the rock box frame is connected to the first frame and the second frame through the horizontal hydraulic cylinder of the propulsion system, and the horizontal movement of the rock box frame is achieved through the control of the operating system; the cutter disc comprises a cutter disc frame, a roller cutter box and a roller cutter, the roller cutter box is arranged in the cutter disc frame, and the roller cutter is arranged in the roller cutter box through a C-shaped cutter shaft fixing block; a monitoring system is installed in the roller cutter box, which collects and records the three-dimensional stress state of the roller cutter in real time during the test, so as to analyze the stress change law during the roller cutter rotation and cutting rock samples; the propulsion system and the drive system are uniformly controlled by the operating system.

[0005] The cutter head frame includes the outer wall of the cutter head ring, a cross-shaped cutter head main beam, a reinforcement plate, a vertical plate, a screw mechanism and a motor. The cross-shaped cutter head main beam is welded and fixed inside the outer wall of the cutter head ring. Reinforcement plates are welded between the adjacent ends of the cross-shaped cutter head main beam, and vertical plates are welded between the cross-shaped cutter head main beams. The screw mechanism is arranged on the outside of the outer wall of the cutter head ring. The screw mechanism includes a bevel gear and a screw. The two side walls of the hob box are respectively provided with circular holes with internal threads. Four circular holes with smooth inner walls are evenly provided on the outer wall of the cutter head ring. The cross-shaped cutter head main beam is welded with a screw mechanism. There are four circular holes on the main beam of the disc; the lead screw passes through the hob box through the circular hole on the side wall of the hob box, one end of the lead screw passes through the circular hole on the outer wall of the cutter disc ring and is connected to a bevel gear, the other end of the lead screw is fixed on the circular hole of the cross-shaped cutter disc main beam, and the other bevel gear is connected to the motor, which is fixed to the outer surface of the outer wall of the cutter disc ring by bolts. The two bevel gears are meshed and a dust cover is added to the outside. The motor drives the two bevel gears and the lead screw to rotate in turn, so that the hob box moves back and forth along the lead screw, thereby realizing continuous translation of the hob.

[0006] A welded and fixed baffle is provided inside the cross-shaped cutter disc main beam to prevent the cutter box from moving inward along the normal direction of the cutter disc after being subjected to force.

[0007] The rock box frame includes a rock box frame body, a rock sample box, a pressure plate, a loading hydraulic cylinder and a piston cylinder. The rock box frame body and the rock sample box are fixed by bolts. Four loading hydraulic cylinders and pressure plates are arranged in the rock sample box, evenly distributed around the rock sample. Adjacent pressure plates are arranged vertically and staggered, which increases the optional size range of the rock samples. The displacement of the pressure plate is controlled by the loading hydraulic cylinder.

[0008] A maximum of four roller cutters can be installed on the cutter head, and the drive system controls the rotation of the cutter head, driving the roller cutters to rotate and cut the rock samples.

[0009] Beneficial effects: The present invention simulates to a great extent the rock-breaking conditions of the shield machine cutters during actual tunneling work, making the test results closer to reality; the number of cutters on the cutterhead of the present invention is variable, and multiple cutter rock-breaking tests can be carried out to study the stress state, distribution characteristics, evolution laws and unevenness of multiple cutters; the present invention can achieve continuous adjustment of the distance between cutters, and then conduct relevant research on the interaction between cutters and the mechanism of the influence of cutter spacing on rock-breaking by cutters; the size of the rock sample box of the present invention is adjustable, which expands the size range of rock samples used in the test and reduces the difficulty of rock sample selection and processing. At the same time, the pressure plate can apply confining pressure to the rock sample to simulate the stress state of the original rock, making the test results closer to the on-site situation. The present invention can provide a basis for the design, selection, arrangement and improvement of cutters, and can also provide a basis for the adjustment of tunneling parameters and the selection of cutter replacement timing during construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic top view of the structure of the present utility model;

[0012] Figure 3 This is a schematic front view of the structure of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic side view of the structure of the rock box rack of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 5 This is a schematic side view of the structure of the cutter head of the utility model;

[0015] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the cutter head frame of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the worm transmission of the utility model.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Base; 2. Stand 1; 3. Stand 2; 4. Rock box frame; 5. Cutterhead; 6. Propulsion system; 7. Drive system; 41. Rock box frame; 42. Rock sample box; 43. Pressure plate; 44. Loading hydraulic cylinder; 45. Piston cylinder; 51. Outer wall of cutterhead ring; 52. Cross-shaped cutterhead main beam; 53. Reinforcement plate; 54. Vertical plate; 55. Screw mechanism; 56. Motor; 57. Baffle; 58. Hob box; 59. Hob; 551. Bevel gear; 552. Screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1-Figure 7As shown, the utility model provides a horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench, including a base 1, a frame 1 2, a frame 2 3, a rock box frame 4, a cutter disc 5, a propulsion system 6, a drive system 7, an operating system and a monitoring system, the frame 1 2 and the frame 2 3 are fixed on both sides of the base 1; the cutter disc 5 is arranged between the frame 1 2 and the frame 2 3, the rock box frame 4 is connected with the frame 1 2 and the frame 2 3 through the horizontal hydraulic cylinder of the propulsion system 6, and the horizontal movement of the rock box frame 4 is realized by the control of the operating system; the cutter disc 5 includes a cutter disc frame, a roller cutter box 58 and a roller cutter 59, the roller cutter box 58 is arranged in the cutter disc frame, and the roller cutter 59 is arranged in the roller cutter box through a C-shaped cutter shaft fixing block; a monitoring system is installed in the roller cutter box 58, which collects and records the three-dimensional stress state of the roller cutter 59 in real time during the test, and the test data will be transmitted to the computer end that controls the operating system for analyzing the stress change law during the rotation of the roller cutter 59 in cutting the rock sample; the propulsion system 6 and the drive system 7 are uniformly controlled by the operating system.

[0020] The cutter head frame includes a cutter head circular outer wall 51, a cross-shaped cutter head main beam 52, a reinforcement plate 53, a vertical plate 54, a screw mechanism 55 and a motor 56. The cross-shaped cutter head main beam 52 is welded and fixed in the cutter head circular outer wall 51. The reinforcement plate 53 is welded between the adjacent ends of the cross-shaped cutter head main beam 52. The vertical plate 54 is welded between the cross-shaped cutter head main beams 52 to enhance the stability of the structure; the screw mechanism 55 is arranged on the outside of the cutter head circular outer wall 51; the screw mechanism 55 includes a bevel gear 551 and a screw 552. The two side walls of the hob box 58 are respectively provided with circular holes with internal threads. Four circular holes with smooth inner walls are evenly provided on the cutter head circular outer wall 51. The cross-shaped cutter head main beam 52 is welded and fixed in the cutter head circular outer wall 51. The cross-shaped cutter head main beam 52 is welded between the adjacent ends of the cross-shaped cutter head main beam 52 to enhance the stability of the structure. There are four circular holes on it; the lead screw 552 passes through the hob box 58 through the circular hole on the side wall of the hob box 58, one end of the lead screw 552 passes through the circular hole on the outer wall of the cutter disc ring 51 and is connected to a bevel gear 551, the other end of the lead screw 552 is fixed to the circular hole of the cross-shaped cutter disc main beam 52, and another bevel gear 551 is connected to the motor 56, which is fixed to the outer surface of the outer wall of the cutter disc ring 51 by bolts. The two bevel gears 551 are meshed, and a dust cover is added to the outside. The motor 56 drives the two bevel gears 551 and the lead screw 552 to rotate in turn, so that the hob box 58 makes reciprocating motion along the lead screw 552, thereby realizing continuous translation of the hob 59 and achieving the purpose of changing the hob spacing.

[0021] A welded and fixed baffle 57 is provided inside the cross-shaped cutterhead main beam 52 to prevent the cutter box 58 from moving inward along the normal direction of the cutterhead after being subjected to force, so that the outer edge of the cutter box is always aligned with the outer edge of the cross-shaped cutterhead main beam.

[0022] The rock box frame 4 includes a rock box frame body 41, a rock sample box 42, a pressure plate 43, a loading hydraulic cylinder 44 and a piston cylinder 45. The rock box frame body 41 and the rock sample box 42 are fixed by bolts. Four loading hydraulic cylinders 44 and pressure plates 43 are arranged in the rock sample box 42, evenly distributed around the rock sample, wherein adjacent pressure plates 43 are arranged vertically and staggered, increasing the optional size range of the rock sample. The displacement of the pressure plate 43 is controlled by the loading hydraulic cylinder 44, thereby applying confining pressure to the rock sample, avoiding the situation where a gap between the rock sample and the pressure plate 43 needs to be filled with concrete.

[0023] A maximum of four roller cutters 59 can be mounted on the cutter head 5 , and the drive system 7 controls the rotation of the cutter head 5 to drive the roller cutters 59 to rotate and cut the rock sample.

[0024] The test method steps of the horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench of the utility model are as follows:

[0025] Step 1: Determine the number and spacing of the cutters 59 on the cutterhead 5 according to the test requirements. Use the operating system to control the motor 56 on the outer surface of the cutterhead annular outer wall 51 to operate, so that the lead screw 552 drives the cutter box 58 to continuously translate to the specified position.

[0026] Step 2: Place the processed rock sample into the rock sample box 42, control the operating system to drive the loading hydraulic cylinder 44, and apply confining pressure to the rock sample through the pressure plate 43;

[0027] Step 3: The operating system controls the propulsion system 6 so that the rock box frame 4 moves horizontally toward the cutterhead 5 under the action of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder to reach the designated position;

[0028] Step 4: The operating system controls the drive system 7 to rotate the cutterhead 5 at a specified rate and time, causing the cutter 59 to rotate and break the rock. The force applied to the cutter 59 during the test is recorded.

[0029] Step 5: After the cutterhead 5 stops rotating, the rock sample box 42 is moved horizontally away from the cutterhead 5 by the operating system to collect the cut rock debris.

[0030] This new system closely simulates the rock-breaking behavior of shield machine cutters during actual tunneling operations. The number of cutters on the cutterhead is variable, and the spacing between them can be continuously adjusted, enabling research into the interaction between cutters and the mechanism by which cutter spacing affects rock-breaking. Furthermore, the rock sample box applies confining pressure to the rock sample, simulating the stress state of the original rock. The adjustable size of the rock sample box expands the size range of rock samples used in the experiment and reduces the difficulty of sample selection and processing.

[0031] The above embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative and not exclusive. All modifications within the scope of the present invention or equivalent to the scope of the present invention are encompassed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench, characterized by: The invention comprises a base (1), a stand 1 (2), a stand 2 (3), a rock box frame (4), a cutter head (5), a propulsion system (6), a drive system (7), an operating system and a monitoring system. The stand 1 (2) and the stand 2 (3) are fixed on both sides of the base (1); the cutter head (5) is arranged between the stand 1 (2) and the stand 2 (3); the rock box frame (4) is connected to the stand 1 (2) and the stand 2 (3) through a horizontal hydraulic cylinder of the propulsion system (6); the horizontal movement of the rock box frame (4) is realized by the control of the operating system. The cutterhead (5) includes a cutterhead frame, a cutter housing (58) and a cutter (59), wherein the cutter housing (58) is arranged in the cutterhead frame, and the cutter (59) is arranged in the cutter housing (58) through a C-shaped cutter shaft fixing block; a monitoring system is installed in the cutter housing (58) to collect and record the three-dimensional stress state of the cutter (59) in real time during the test, so as to analyze the stress change law during the process of the cutter (59) rotating and cutting the rock sample; the propulsion system (6) and the drive system (7) are uniformly controlled by an operating system.

2. The horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cutter head frame comprises a cutter head circular outer wall (51), a cross-shaped cutter head main beam (52), a reinforcement plate (53), a vertical plate (54), a screw mechanism (55) and a motor (56); the cross-shaped cutter head main beam (52) is welded and fixed in the cutter head circular outer wall (51); the reinforcement plate (53) is welded between the adjacent ends of the cross-shaped cutter head main beam (52); the vertical plate (54) is welded between the cross-shaped cutter head main beams (52); the screw mechanism (55) is arranged outside the cutter head circular outer wall (51); the screw mechanism (55) comprises a bevel gear (551) and a screw (552); the two side walls of the hob box (58) are respectively provided with circular holes with internal threads; four circular holes with smooth inner walls are evenly provided on the cutter head circular outer wall (51); the cross-shaped cutter head main beam (5 2) is provided with four circular holes; a lead screw (552) passes through the hob box (58) through the circular hole on the side wall of the hob box (58); one end of the lead screw (552) passes through the circular hole on the outer wall of the cutter disc ring (51) and is connected to a bevel gear (551); the other end of the lead screw (552) is fixed on the circular hole of the cross-shaped cutter disc main beam (52); another bevel gear (551) is connected to the motor (56); the motor (56) is fixed to the outer surface of the outer wall of the cutter disc ring (51) by bolts; the two bevel gears (551) are meshed, and a dust cover is added to the outside; the motor (56) drives the two bevel gears (551) and the lead screw (552) to rotate in sequence, so that the hob box (58) makes a reciprocating motion along the lead screw (552), thereby realizing the continuous translation of the hob (59).

3. The horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A welded and fixed baffle (57) is provided inside the cross-shaped cutter head main beam (52) to prevent the cutter box (58) from moving inward along the normal direction of the cutter head after being subjected to force.

4. The horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rock box frame (4) comprises a rock box frame body (41), a rock sample box (42), a pressure plate (43), a loading hydraulic oil cylinder (44) and a piston cylinder (45); the rock box frame body (41) and the rock sample box (42) are fixed by bolt connection; four loading hydraulic oil cylinders (44) and pressure plates (43) are arranged in the rock sample box (42), and are evenly distributed around the rock sample; adjacent pressure plates (43) are arranged vertically and staggered, thereby increasing the optional size range of the rock sample; the displacement of the pressure plate (43) is controlled by the loading hydraulic oil cylinder (44).

5. The horizontal roller cutter rock breaking test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A maximum of four roller cutters (59) can be installed on the cutter head (5), and the drive system (7) controls the rotation of the cutter head (5) to drive the roller cutters (59) to rotate and cut the rock sample.

Images