Electronic actuator for turbocharger

Abstract

The electronic actuator for the turbocharger comprises a shell assembly, a connecting rod assembly, a transmission assembly, a driving assembly and an angle sensor assembly, a mounting groove is formed in the bottom end of the interior of the shell assembly, and the mounting groove comprises a circular section, a connection section and an expansion section which are arranged in a communicated mode; the angle sensor assembly is mounted in the mounting groove and extends into the expansion section from the circular section, the connecting rod assembly comprises an output shaft assembly, a deep groove ball bearing, a sealing assembly, a connecting rod and an output pin, the bottom of the output shaft assembly is mounted in the circular section, and the top of the output shaft assembly penetrates through the deep groove ball bearing and extends out of the shell assembly to be connected with the connecting rod. Thus, the angle sensor assembly can be adapted to various different angle sensor assemblies through the mounting groove, the adaptability is good, the axial displacement can be reduced through interference fit of the top end of the output shaft assembly through the deep groove ball bearing, abrasion is reduced, the service life of the product is prolonged, and meanwhile the sealing assembly at the top end of the output shaft assembly is additionally arranged so that the waterproofness of the product can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of actuators, in particular to an electronic actuator for a turbocharger. Background Art

[0002] The exhaust valve electronic actuator is used on the turbocharger to control the opening of the exhaust bypass valve at the turbine end of the turbocharger through a connecting rod mechanism, thereby achieving precise control of the flow ratio of exhaust gas through the turbine and the exhaust bypass valve under different operating conditions, and then effectively controlling the speed of the turbocharger to meet the boost demand.

[0003] The electronic actuators in the existing technology can only adapt to a single type of angle sensor and cannot simultaneously meet the installation and use requirements of different types of angle sensors, and the product adaptability is low; and the output end of the existing electronic actuator mostly uses needle roller bearings and output shafts, with a large axial fit clearance and a large axial movement, which can easily cause wear of the connecting parts.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to propose an electronic actuator for a turbocharger to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned defects. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide an electronic actuator for a turbocharger to solve the problem that the electronic actuator in the prior art cannot simultaneously meet the installation requirements of multiple types of angle sensors and has a large axial play.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an electronic actuator for a turbocharger, comprising a housing assembly, a connecting rod assembly, and a transmission assembly, a drive assembly, and an angle sensor assembly built into the housing assembly; wherein,

[0007] The inner bottom end of the housing assembly has a mounting groove, the mounting groove includes a circular section, a connecting section and an expansion section that are connected to each other, and the angle sensor assembly is installed in the mounting groove and extends from the circular section to the expansion section;

[0008] The connecting rod assembly includes an output shaft assembly, a deep groove ball bearing, a sealing assembly, a connecting rod and an output pin. The bottom of the output shaft assembly is rotatably mounted in the circular segment and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly, and the output shaft assembly is transmission-connected to the drive assembly through the transmission assembly. The deep groove ball bearing is fixed to the inner top end of the housing assembly, and the top of the output shaft assembly passes through the deep groove ball bearing and extends out of the housing assembly. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the top end of the output shaft assembly, the sealing assembly is connected to the output shaft assembly and is arranged between the deep groove ball bearing and the connecting rod, and the output pin is connected to the other end of the connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, the output shaft assembly includes an output shaft, a magnet and a sector gear sleeve, the bottom end of the output shaft is rotatably mounted in the circular segment, and the bottom end of the output shaft is recessed inward to form a groove, the magnet is connected to the groove and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly, the sector gear sleeve is sleeved and connected to the output shaft, and the sector gear sleeve is transmission-connected to the drive assembly through the transmission assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a first gear assembly and a second gear assembly, and the first gear assembly and the second gear assembly are both rotatably connected to the inside of the housing assembly. The first gear assembly and the second gear assembly are meshed with each other, the first gear assembly is meshed with the sector gear sleeve, and the second gear assembly is meshed with the driving end of the drive assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the sealing assembly adopts a skeleton oil seal.

[0012] Preferably, the shell assembly includes a shell and an upper cover, the shell is L-shaped, and has a horizontal chamber and a vertical chamber inside the shell. The drive assembly is installed in the vertical chamber, and the drive end of the drive assembly extends upward into the horizontal chamber. The mounting groove is arranged in the horizontal chamber, and the upper cover is arranged on the shell.

[0013] Preferably, the shell assembly further includes a DAE membrane, the upper cover is provided with ventilation holes, and the DAE membrane is connected to the inner side of the upper cover and is correspondingly arranged at the ventilation holes.

[0014] Preferably, the output shaft assembly further comprises a shaft sleeve, which is arranged in the circular segment and sleeved on the bottom end of the output shaft.

[0015] Preferably, two sides of the connecting section are respectively recessed to form two card slots, and the two card slots are staggered in the transverse direction.

[0016] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the expansion segment is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the circular segment.

[0017] Preferably, one end of the expansion section close to the connecting section is inclined toward the connecting section.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The utility model provides an electronic actuator for a turbocharger, comprising a housing assembly, a connecting rod assembly, and a transmission assembly, a drive assembly and an angle sensor assembly built into the housing assembly. The inner bottom end of the housing assembly has a mounting groove, the mounting groove comprises a circular section, a connecting section and an expansion section which are connected to each other, the angle sensor assembly is mounted in the mounting groove and extends from the circular section to the expansion section, the connecting rod assembly comprises an output shaft assembly, a deep groove ball bearing, a sealing assembly, a connecting rod and an output pin, the bottom of the output shaft assembly is rotatably mounted in the circular section and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly, and the output shaft assembly is connected through the transmission assembly and the drive assembly, the deep groove ball bearing is fixed to the inner top end of the housing assembly, the top of the output shaft assembly passes through the deep groove ball bearing and extends out of the housing assembly, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the top end of the output shaft assembly, the sealing assembly is connected to the output shaft assembly and is arranged between the deep groove ball bearing and the connecting rod, and the output pin is connected to the other end of the connecting rod. In this way, a variety of different angle sensor assemblies can be adapted through the mounting groove, which has good adaptability. The axial movement can be reduced by the interference fit of the deep groove ball bearing at the top of the output shaft assembly, thereby reducing the wear of the connecting parts and increasing the service life of the product. At the same time, a sealing assembly is added to the top of the output shaft assembly to improve the waterproof performance of the product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of an embodiment of the utility model using an integrated angle sensor;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation plane of an embodiment of the utility model using an integrated angle sensor;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a patch-type angle sensor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation plane of an embodiment of the utility model using a patch-type angle sensor.

[0029] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0030] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0031] 10. Housing assembly; 110. Housing; 111. Horizontal chamber; 112. Vertical chamber; 120. Upper cover; 121. Air vent; 130. Mounting slot; 131. Circular segment; 132. Connecting segment; 1321. Card slot; 133. Expansion segment; 140. DAE film; 150. Lead frame; 20. Connecting rod assembly; 210. Output shaft assembly; 211. Output shaft; 212. Magnet; 213. Sector gear sleeve; 220. Deep groove ball bearing; 230. Seal assembly; 240. Connecting rod; 250. Output pin; 260. Bushing; 30. Transmission assembly; 310. First gear assembly; 320. Second gear assembly; 40. Drive assembly; 50. Angle sensor assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0035] In addition, the descriptions of "first," "second," etc. in this utility model are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this utility model.

[0036] Please see the attached Figure 1-8 In one embodiment, the present invention provides an electronic actuator for a turbocharger, comprising a housing assembly 10, a connecting rod assembly 20, and a transmission assembly 30, a drive assembly 40, and an angle sensor assembly 50 built into the housing assembly 10. First of all, it should be noted that, unlike the electronic actuators in the prior art, which can only adapt to a single type of angle sensor, it cannot simultaneously meet the installation and use requirements of different types of angle sensors, and the product adaptability is low; and the output end of the existing electronic actuator mostly adopts a needle bearing to match the output shaft 211, and the axial matching clearance is large, there is a large amount of axial movement, and it is easy to cause wear of the connector. The present application solves the above-mentioned defects in the prior art by providing an electronic actuator for a turbocharger, as follows:

[0037] The inner bottom end of the housing assembly 10 has a mounting groove 130, which includes a circular section 131, a connecting section 132, and an expansion section 133 that are connected to each other. The angle sensor assembly 50 is installed in the mounting groove 130 and extends from the circular section 131 to the expansion section 133. The connecting rod assembly 20 includes an output shaft assembly 210, a deep groove ball bearing 220, a sealing assembly 230, a connecting rod 240, and an output pin 250. The bottom of the output shaft assembly 210 is rotatably mounted in the circular section 131 and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly 50. The output shaft assembly 210 is connected to the drive assembly 40 through the transmission assembly 30, the deep groove ball bearing 220 is fixed to the inner top of the housing assembly 10, the top of the output shaft assembly 210 passes through the deep groove ball bearing 220 and extends out of the housing assembly 10, one end of the connecting rod 240 is connected to the top of the output shaft assembly 210, the sealing assembly 230 is connected to the output shaft assembly 210 and is arranged between the deep groove ball bearing 220 and the connecting rod 240, and the output pin 250 is connected to the other end of the connecting rod 240.

[0038] Specifically, the electronic actuator for the turbocharger in the present application includes a housing assembly 10, a connecting rod assembly 20, a transmission assembly 30, a drive assembly 40 and an angle sensor assembly 50. The housing assembly 10 is the main body shell of the entire electronic actuator, for installation of other components; the connecting rod assembly 20 is a mechanism for the opening of the exhaust gas bypass valve at the turbine end of the air supercharger, and is connected to the drive assembly 40 through the transmission assembly 30, so that the drive assembly 40 drives the transmission assembly 30 to rotate to drive the connecting rod assembly 20 to rotate, and the angle sensor assembly 50 is used to monitor angle changes in real time. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the drive assembly 40 can adopt a DC motor.

[0039] Among them, the inner bottom end of the housing assembly 10 has a mounting groove 130, and the mounting groove 130 is used for installing the angle sensor assembly 50. The angle sensor assembly 50 is usually composed of an angle sensor and a PCB board, and is connected to the internal lead frame 150 by tin ring welding. After welding is completed, the mounting groove 130 is filled with glue and UV light cured to protect and reinforce the angle sensor assembly 50. However, since different types of angle sensors have different PCB board structures, traditional electronic actuators can only install a single type, and the installation in this application The groove 130 includes a circular section 131, a connecting section 132 and an expansion section 133 that are connected to each other. During connection and installation, the angle sensor is connected to the circular section 131, and except for the end of the PCB board connected to the angle sensor, which is set in the circular section 131, the rest of the PCB board passes through the connecting section 132 to extend into the expansion section 133. Under the action of the expansion section 133, different types of angle sensors and PCB boards can be used in combination, thereby improving the adaptability of the electronic actuator. For example, in this application, it can adapt to integrated angle sensors, patch angle sensors, etc.

[0040] Furthermore, the connecting rod assembly 20 includes an output shaft assembly 210, a deep groove ball bearing 220, a sealing assembly 230, a connecting rod 240 and an output pin 250. The connecting rod 240 and the output pin 250 are mechanisms for controlling the opening of the exhaust gas bypass valve at the turbine end of the supercharger, and rotation adjustment is achieved through the output shaft assembly 210. Therefore, in order to facilitate the installation of the connecting rod 240, the top end of the output shaft assembly 210 needs to extend out of the housing assembly 10, so that one end of the connecting rod 240 is connected to the top end of the output shaft assembly 210 (arranged outside the housing assembly 10), and the other end is used for the installation and connection of the output pin 250; the bottom end of the output shaft assembly 210 is connected to the circular segment 131 to match the angle sensor also arranged in the circular segment 131; and the deep groove ball bearing 220 can be installed in the output shaft assembly 210 by means of interference fit. On the output shaft assembly 210, the gap is reduced, and the deep groove ball bearing 220 can reduce the axial movement to a certain extent through its axial clearance and self-aligning ability, thereby providing stable axial support; preferably, since a hole needs to be opened at the top of the housing assembly 10 to facilitate the extension of the top end of the output shaft assembly 210, and the existing electronic actuator generally only relies on the sealing ring of the needle bearing to achieve waterproofing, the effect is poor, so it is necessary to add the sealing assembly 230 to avoid water from entering this opening and damaging the equipment, so that the sealing assembly 230 is set on the top end of the output shaft assembly 210 (between the deep groove ball bearing 220 and the connecting rod 240), thereby sealing and fitting the opening for the output shaft assembly 210 to extend, thereby improving waterproofness. Preferably, the sealing assembly 230 can adopt a skeleton oil seal, which has good waterproof performance and can adapt to different shafts and holes, and has strong applicability.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the output shaft assembly 210 includes an output shaft 211, a magnet 212 and a sector gear sleeve 213. The bottom end of the output shaft 211 is rotatably mounted in the circular segment 131, and the bottom end of the output shaft 211 is recessed inward to form a groove. The magnet 212 is connected to the groove and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly 50. The sector gear sleeve 213 is sleeved and connected to the output shaft 211, and the sector gear sleeve 213 is transmission-connected to the drive assembly 40 through the transmission assembly 30.

[0042] It should be noted that the magnet 212 is used to cooperate with the angle sensor assembly 50. The angle sensor controls the rotation angle of the product by sensing the change in the magnetic field strength of the magnet 212. Therefore, the magnet 212 needs to be installed at the bottom of the output shaft 211 to cooperate with the angle sensor, and the groove formed by the depression at the bottom end of the output shaft 211 is used for the installation of the magnet 212; the sector gear sleeve 213 is used to cooperate with the transmission assembly 30, so that after the driving assembly 40 drives the transmission assembly 30 to rotate, the transmission drives the sector gear sleeve 213 to rotate, and the sector gear sleeve 213 mounted on the output shaft 211 can drive the output shaft 211 to rotate.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission assembly 30 includes a first gear assembly 310 and a second gear assembly 320. The first gear assembly 310 and the second gear assembly 320 are both rotatably connected to the interior of the housing assembly 10. The first gear assembly 310 and the second gear assembly 320 are meshed with each other. The first gear assembly 310 is meshed with the sector gear sleeve 213, and the second gear assembly 320 is meshed with the driving end of the driving assembly 40.

[0044] It should be noted that the first gear assembly 310 and the second gear assembly 320 can both be in the form of a combination of gears and gear shafts to be rotatably connected to the interior of the housing assembly 10. The use of multi-stage gear transmission can withstand a larger torque. Considering the compact internal space of the housing assembly 10, the gears of the first gear assembly 310 and the gears of the second gear assembly 320 can both be in the form of double gears, so as to make full use of the space for transmission connection. In this way, the driving assembly 40 drives the second gear assembly 320 to rotate, the second gear assembly 320 drives the first gear assembly 310 to rotate, and the first gear assembly 310 then drives the sector gear sleeve 213 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the output shaft 211.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shell assembly 10 includes a shell 110 and an upper cover 120, the shell 110 is L-shaped, and has a horizontal chamber 111 and a vertical chamber 112 inside the shell 110, the driving assembly 40 is installed in the vertical chamber 112, and the driving end of the driving assembly 40 extends upward into the horizontal chamber 111, the mounting groove 130 is arranged in the horizontal chamber 111, and the upper cover 120 is covered on the shell 110.

[0046] It is worth noting that the vertical chamber 112 of the shell 110 is used for installing and placing the drive component 40 (DC motor), while the horizontal chamber 111 of the shell 110 is used for installing and placing the remaining transmission components 30, output shaft 211, etc. Therefore, the driving end of the drive component 40 needs to extend upward into the horizontal chamber 111 to ensure that it can be meshed with the transmission component 30 (second gear component 320) in the horizontal chamber 111, and the upper cover 120 is used to close the shell 110 to ensure the sealing of the shell 110.

[0047] Furthermore, the housing assembly 10 further includes a DAE film 140 . The upper cover 120 is provided with an air vent 121 . The DAE film 140 is connected to the inner side of the upper cover 120 and is correspondingly disposed at the air vent 121 .

[0048] It should be noted that the air vent 121 is used to improve the air permeability of the entire device, and the DAE membrane 140 is not only breathable but also waterproof. It can be connected to the inside of the air vent 121 by ultrasonic welding to meet the performance requirements of IP6K9K. At the same time, the DAE membrane 140 can also balance the internal and external pressures of the actuator during operation.

[0049] Furthermore, the output shaft assembly 210 further includes a shaft sleeve 260 , which is disposed in the circular segment 131 and sleeved on the bottom end of the output shaft 211 .

[0050] It should be understood that the sleeve 260 can be used to protect the output shaft 211 , reduce wear, and provide positioning and support. Therefore, it is disposed in the circular segment 131 so that the bottom end of the output shaft 211 passes through the sleeve 260 .

[0051] Furthermore, two sides of the connecting section 132 are respectively recessed to form two locking grooves 1321 , and the two locking grooves 1321 are staggered in the transverse direction.

[0052] It should be noted that in some embodiments, for example, when an integrated angle sensor is used, it has two staggered protrusions on both sides. In this way, when penetrating the connecting section 132, two corresponding card slots 1321 staggered along the horizontal direction (the width direction of the entire device) need to be set to facilitate the placement of the protrusion of the integrated angle sensor, thereby ensuring better adaptability in advance.

[0053] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the expansion segment 133 is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the circular segment 131 .

[0054] It should be noted that, because the structure of the PCB is usually larger than the angle sensor, the expansion segment 133 needs to adapt to different types of PCB boards, and its cross-sectional area needs to be larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the circular segment 131 .

[0055] Furthermore, one end of the expansion section 133 close to the connecting section 132 is inclined toward the connecting section 132 .

[0056] It is understandable that in some embodiments, such as when a patch-type angle sensor is used, the middle portion of the PCB board is arranged at an angle. Therefore, in order to facilitate the matching, installation and fixation of the patch-type angle sensor, the end of the expansion section 133 close to the connecting section 132 is arranged at an angle toward the connecting section 132.

[0057] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic actuator for a turbocharger, characterized in that: It includes a housing assembly, a connecting rod assembly, and a transmission assembly, a drive assembly, and an angle sensor assembly built into the housing assembly; wherein, The inner bottom end of the housing assembly has a mounting groove, the mounting groove includes a circular section, a connecting section and an expansion section that are connected to each other, and the angle sensor assembly is installed in the mounting groove and extends from the circular section to the expansion section; The connecting rod assembly includes an output shaft assembly, a deep groove ball bearing, a sealing assembly, a connecting rod and an output pin. The bottom of the output shaft assembly is rotatably mounted in the circular segment and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly, and the output shaft assembly is transmission-connected to the drive assembly through the transmission assembly. The deep groove ball bearing is fixed to the inner top end of the housing assembly, and the top of the output shaft assembly passes through the deep groove ball bearing and extends out of the housing assembly. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the top end of the output shaft assembly, the sealing assembly is connected to the output shaft assembly and is arranged between the deep groove ball bearing and the connecting rod, and the output pin is connected to the other end of the connecting rod.

2. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft assembly includes an output shaft, a magnet and a sector gear sleeve. The bottom end of the output shaft is rotatably mounted in the circular segment, and the bottom end of the output shaft is recessed inward to form a groove. The magnet is connected to the groove and is arranged above the angle sensor assembly. The sector gear sleeve is sleeved and connected to the output shaft, and the sector gear sleeve is transmission-connected to the drive assembly through the transmission assembly.

3. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a first gear assembly and a second gear assembly. The first gear assembly and the second gear assembly are both rotatably connected to the inside of the housing assembly. The first gear assembly and the second gear assembly are meshed with each other. The first gear assembly is meshed with the sector gear sleeve, and the second gear assembly is meshed with the driving end of the drive assembly.

4. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing component adopts a skeleton oil seal.

5. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shell assembly includes a shell and an upper cover. The shell is L-shaped and has a horizontal chamber and a vertical chamber inside. The drive assembly is installed in the vertical chamber, and the drive end of the drive assembly extends upward into the horizontal chamber. The mounting groove is arranged in the horizontal chamber, and the upper cover is arranged on the shell.

6. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shell assembly further includes a DAE film. The upper cover is provided with ventilation holes. The DAE film is connected to the inner side of the upper cover and is correspondingly arranged at the ventilation holes.

7. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output shaft assembly further includes a shaft sleeve, which is arranged in the circular segment and sleeved on the bottom end of the output shaft.

8. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sides of the connecting section are respectively recessed to form two clamping grooves, and the two clamping grooves are staggered in the transverse direction.

9. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the expansion segment is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the circular segment.

10. The electronic actuator for a turbocharger according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of the expansion section close to the connecting section is inclined toward the connecting section.

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