Automatic withdrawing device for railway wagon bearing
By designing an automated production line and using sorting robots and bearing transplanting manipulators, the automated marking, classification and stacking of railway freight car bearings are achieved, solving the problems of high manual operation intensity and information entry errors in existing technologies, and reducing production costs and the risk of bearing damage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422385364.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-29
AI Technical Summary
The railway freight car bearing unloading line has problems such as high manual operation intensity, information entry errors, unclear bearing numbers, complex classification and high production costs.
An automated production line was designed, which includes an axle conveyor line, cleaning equipment, an automatic bolt disassembly machine, an all-in-one labeling and labeling machine, and a bearing unloading machine. Sorting robots, bearing transfer manipulators, and stacking robots are used to achieve automated marking, classification, and stacking of bearings.
It realizes the automatic marking, classification and stacking of bearings, reduces labor intensity, improves information accuracy, reduces the risk of damage to bearings and accessories, and reduces production costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223394793U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of railway vehicle maintenance, in particular to intelligent sorting equipment for bearing unloading machines of railway vehicle axles. Background Art
[0002] Freight car bearings need to be removed from the axle during maintenance. The existing technology already has equipment that can automatically remove bolts and bearings, but automatic bolt removal and automatic bearing removal are two independent sets of equipment, and manual stacking of bolts is required in the middle to number and mark the bearings. At present, the bearing removal line in the railway freight car industry uses manual wiping of sign boards, manual use of chalk to record the date of first installation of the bearing to the outer ring of the bearing, manual recording of sign board information, manual entry of sign board information into the computer, manual wheel pushing and conveying, manual use of pneumatic triggers to remove stacking bolts, manual transportation of stacking front covers, manual numbering of bearing outer rings with pneumatic engraving pens, manual operation of bearing removal machines to remove bearings and rear blocks, and manual transportation of stacked bearings and rear blocks. There are problems such as high labor intensity, incorrect bearing income information, unreasonable process, high risk of damage to bearings and accessories, high production costs, unclear bearing numbers, and complex bearing classification. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: to provide a fully automated production line for the problem that manual marking and classification and stacking of bearings are required in the intermediate process of the bearing unloading line in the current railway freight car industry.
[0004] The technical solution of this utility model:
[0005] An automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings includes an axle conveyor line 1. A cleaning device 2, an automatic bolt disassembly machine 4, an integrated labeling and tagging machine 6, and a bearing unloading machine 9 are sequentially arranged at each workstation along the axle conveyor line 1. Sorting robots 3 are arranged on both sides of the axle conveyor line 1 between the cleaning device 2 and the automatic bolt disassembly machine 4. A gantry structure is provided above the bearing unloading machine 9. A bearing transplanting manipulator 8 is installed on the crossbeam of the gantry structure. A bearing unloading machine 9 and a stacking robot 10 are provided on one side of the bearing unloading machine 9.
[0006] The wheel axle conveyor line 1 is provided with a wheel pushing mechanism and a torsion spring type wheel blocking arm on the side of the rail at each work station.
[0007] A lifting and lowering measuring device is installed in the center of the axle conveyor line 1 at the cleaning device 2.
[0008] The movable end of the sorting robot 3 is equipped with three bolt clamps and an end cover clamp. The three bolt clamps are fixed on the mounting plate. The three bolt clamps are symmetrically distributed with a spacing of 120° and the clamp heads are facing inward. The end cover clamp is located on the outside of the mounting plate.
[0009] The bearing transplanting manipulator 8 is installed on the guide rail on the beam, and the lower end of the bearing transplanting manipulator 8 is a liftable inverted T-shaped structure.
[0010] The marking and labeling all-in-one machine 6 adopts a laser automatic marking machine, a rim cleaning machine, a barcode generation printer, and a labeling mechanism to form an all-in-one machine.
[0011] The axle passes through the cleaning device 2 and enters the location of the dryer.
[0012] The palletizing robot 10 is installed on a section of slide rail, which is perpendicular to the axle conveyor line 1.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
[0014] It can realize automatic conveying and positioning of axles, automatic cleaning of sign plates of different types of axles, identification of bolts and sign plates of different types of axles at the same station, disassembly of front covers and bolts of different types of axles at the same station, and stacking them by category, marking of different types of bearings at the same station, and removal of bearings and rear blocks of different types of axles at the same station, and stacking them by category. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 Structural diagram of the automated unloading device for railway freight car bearings.
[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bolt disassembly station structure.
[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the fixture structure of the sorting robot.
[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the automatic bearing unloading station.
[0019] Numbers in the figure: 1- axle conveyor line 2- cleaning equipment 3- sorting robot 4- bolt disassembling device 5- sign board visual recognition system 6- labeling and labeling integrated machine 7- push wheel and positioning mechanism 8- bearing transplanting robot 9- bearing unloading machine 10- palletizing robot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Example:
[0021] like Figure 1, the various workstations along the axle conveyor line 1 are designed as follows: the axle conveyor line 1 sends the axles to the cleaning station, the drying station, the visual recognition station, the automatic bolt disassembly station, the automatic marking station and the automatic unloading station in sequence. The axle conveyor line adopts a torsion spring wheel stop arm to ensure that when the conveyor line stops operating due to problems, the workers can directly push the axle to press the stop arm and pass directly. When a fault occurs during operation, the stop arm can also be pressed back under a large external force to prevent damage to the parts of the wheel pushing arm device. The linear guide is located under the track, and the track can play a first-level protection role. A protective ash box is added to the wheel pushing mechanism to prevent dust and water stains from falling on the linear guide during cleaning. The conveyor line adopts a fully automatic conveying mode, and the axle separated from the bogie enters the step-by-step conveyor line.
[0022] 1. The step-by-step conveyor line 1 conveys the wheel axle to the mark plate and bolt cleaning device 2; the mark plate and bolt cleaning device 2 detects the diameter of the axle body to determine the wheel axle model, and cleans the mark plates and bolts at both ends at the same time. The mark plate and bolt cleaning device 2 conveys the cleaned wheel axle to the bolt automatic disassembly machine 4; the mark plate visual recognition system 5 moves to both ends of the wheel axle to identify the mark plate and bolt information and determine the bolt and front cover repair process, and the mark plate visual recognition system 5 returns to its original position; the bolt and front cover sorting robot 3 automatically fixes the front covers at both ends; the corresponding model of the shaft end bolt automatic disassembly machine 4 automatically aligns and removes the shaft end bolts at both ends at the same time; the bolt and front cover sorting robot 3 grabs the front cover and moves to the bolt ends of both ends of the shaft end bolt automatic disassembly machine 4 to grab the bolts; the bolt and front cover sorting robot 3 automatically sorts the bolts and The front covers are classified and stacked to the corresponding material frame, and the automatic disassembly machine 4 for disassembling the axle end bolts positions the wheel pushing mechanism to automatically push the axle to the marking and labeling machine 6; the rust removal mechanism of the marking and labeling machine 6 automatically positions and removes the rust on the left wheel rim, generates the axle collection sequence number and prints and sticks it to the rust removal part of the wheel rim on the left side of the axle, generates the bearing number and the mark plate A column and engraves it on the outer ring of the bearing, and the marking and labeling machine 6 pushes the axle to the stepping conveyor line 7, and the stepping conveyor line 7 conveys the axle to the bearing unloading machine 9; the bearing unloading machine 9 automatically selects the corresponding model of the double-head fixture to unload the bearing back block at the same time, and the transplanting robot 8 transports the bearing back blocks at both ends to the turning table of the bearing unloading machine 9 to complete the turning operation; the stacking robot 10 moves along the slide rail to the turning table to clamp the back block and bearing and classify and stack them to the corresponding material frame.
[0023] Cleaning Station: After the axle is identified, a dedicated measuring caliper automatically activates to measure the axle diameter. After determining the axle type, the model information is shared with other automated equipment. The measuring caliper consists of two laterally movable calipers mounted on a lifting mechanism. After detecting the axle, the calipers first rise, then move toward the center until they contact the axle. After the measurement is determined, they retract and return to their original position. The cleaning program automatically activates to clean the axle end marking plate and bolts. After the high-pressure water cleaning is completed, the axle is automatically pushed into the drying station.
[0024] Drying station: This is done automatically by a high-pressure air dryer. The device automatically issues a request for material, identifies the axle, and automatically starts drying. Once drying is complete, the axle is automatically pushed to the visual recognition station.
[0025] The visual recognition station, comprised of an axle locator, a dedicated industrial camera, and an AI recognition server, automatically identifies the information on the marking plates on both ends of the axle, as well as the bolts at the ends. Based on this information, it automatically determines the bearing repair process, bolt life (qualified or unqualified), and the axle repair process. The results are then transmitted to the axle-end sorting robot, guiding the robot in bolt placement. Axle and bearing collection serial numbers are automatically generated according to rules, and the identified marking plate information is classified and transmitted to the integrated laser marking and barcode printing and pasting machine.
[0026] Automatic Bolt Removal Station: This process is completed by sorting robot 3 and bolt dismantling device 4. The robot's fixture can simultaneously grasp and place bolts and front covers without changing. Sorting robot 3 first secures the front cover. Bolt dismantling device 4 removes the bolts and then uses suction to hold them within a sleeve. Sorting robot 3 adjusts its fixture to grasp the bolts at the shaft end. The robot automatically sorts the bolts and front covers into scrap, 60 tons of qualified bolts, 60 tons of front covers, 70 tons of qualified bolts, and 70 tons of front covers, and then stacks them.
[0027] Automatic Marking Station: This station automatically engraves the bearing's current repair serial number and the year and month of initial assembly onto the bearing's outer ring. This process is accomplished automatically by a laser marking and barcode printing and affixing machine (6) and an axle positioning device. This machine automatically engraves a QR code, the bearing's receipt serial number, and the repair process identifier onto the bearing's outer ring, incorporating information from the 403 card into the QR code. The machine also automatically prints the axle barcode, cleans the rim, and affixes the barcode. It then automatically transports the axle to the bearing unloading machine and completes the material collection process.
[0028] Automatic unloading station: The bearing unloading machine 9, bearing transfer robot 8, flipping mechanism, and palletizing robot 10 work together to complete the process. The bearing unloading machine 9 automatically requests material, automatically locates the axle, automatically selects the corresponding fixture model, and automatically unloads the bearing. The bearing unloading machine 9, bearing transfer robot 8, flipping mechanism, and palletizing robot 10 cooperate to complete the grasping, lifting, transporting, placement, flipping, backstop grasping, and bearing grasping operations on both sides. The palletizing robot 10 automatically completes the classification and stacking of the bearing backstops.
Claims
1. An automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings, comprising an axle conveyor line (1), characterized in that: Cleaning equipment (2), an automatic bolt disassembling machine (4), an integrated labeling machine (6), and a bearing unloading machine (9) are sequentially arranged along each workstation of the axle conveyor line (1). Sorting robots (3) are arranged on both sides of the axle conveyor line (1) between the cleaning equipment (2) and the automatic bolt disassembling machine (4). A gantry structure is provided above the bearing unloading machine (9). A bearing transplanting manipulator (8) is installed on the crossbeam of the gantry structure. A bearing unloading machine (9) and a palletizing robot (10) are provided on one side of the bearing unloading machine (9).
2. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wheel axle conveyor line (1) is provided with a wheel pushing mechanism and a torsion spring type wheel blocking arm installed on the side of the rail at each work station.
3. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A lifting and lowering measuring device is installed in the center of the axle conveying line (1) at the cleaning device (2).
4. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The movable end of the sorting robot (3) is equipped with three bolt clamps and an end cover clamp. The three bolt clamps are fixed on the mounting plate. The three bolt clamps are symmetrically distributed with a spacing of 120 degrees and the clamp heads are inward. The end cover clamp is located outside the mounting plate.
5. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bearing transplanting manipulator (8) is mounted on a guide rail on the crossbeam, and the lower end of the bearing transplanting manipulator (8) is a liftable inverted T-shaped structure.
6. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The marking and labeling all-in-one machine (6) is composed of a laser automatic marking machine, a wheel rim cleaning machine, a barcode generating printer and a labeling mechanism.
7. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The axle passes through the cleaning device (2) and enters the location of the blow dryer.
8. The automatic unloading device for railway freight car bearings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The palletizing robot (10) is mounted on a slide rail, which is perpendicular to the axle conveyor line (1).