Hole distribution structure in cutting-well-free medium-deep hole groove broaching method for inclined thick and large ore body

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hole distribution structure in an inclined thick and large ore body non-cutting well medium-length hole groove broaching method. The hole distribution structure comprises medium-length holes and shallow holes, wherein the medium-length holes are constructed from a rock drilling gate way to a hanging wall boundary line and arranged in a fan shape, and the shallow holes are formed in the two sides of the rock drilling gate way. The first-row medium-length hole row surface is perpendicular to the ore body hanging wall boundary line, and the included angles between the subsequent row surfaces and the horizontal plane are increased row by row; the distance between the hole bottom of the medium-length hole and the bottom face of the drilling gate way is larger than 1.2 m, and the medium-length hole covers the area 1.2 m above the bottom face of the drilling gate way; the row spacing of the medium-length holes is 1.2-1.5 m, and the hole bottom spacing is 1.3-1.5 times of the row spacing; the shallow hole is arranged below the hole bottom of the medium-length hole. The horizontal dip angle of the medium-length hole row face is matched with the dip angle of the ore body, a transverse roadway can be cut to serve as an initial blasting compensation space, and cutting grooves are formed through successive extrusion blasting. Shallow holes are formed in the two sides of the rock drilling roadway, and multi-time medium-length hole and shallow hole collaborative millisecond blasting can be carried out. The arrangement of the shallow holes can enlarge the compensation space of medium-length hole blasting on the two sides of the rock drilling gate way.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to metal nonmetal mining field, concretely is a kind of hole arrangement structure in inclined thick ore body no cutting well middle-deep hole slotting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of metal and nonmetal mining, the ore body with a dip angle of 30-50° is divided into inclined ore body, and the inclined ore body is a difficult-to-mine ore body.

[0003] The inclined medium-thick ore body cannot be completely mined by gravity, resulting in difficulty in ore extraction.

[0004] The inclined thick ore body stope is generally arranged vertically to the strike of the ore body, and the ore body is retreated from the upper wall to the lower wall, and the middle-deep hole is used for ore extraction. The middle-deep hole ore extraction method first arranges cutting engineering including cutting crossways and cutting wells on the upper wall of the ore body, and then drills upward middle-deep holes in the cutting crossways around the cutting well, and forms a cutting slot by blasting, which serves as a compensation space for subsequent middle-deep hole blasting.

[0005] However, the construction of the cutting well on the upper wall of the inclined thick ore body is difficult, because the dip angle of the ore body is relatively gentle, and it is difficult to use a raise drill to construct, so artificial shallow hole drilling and blasting is used to construct by excavating upward along the upper wall boundary of the ore body. The working conditions are poor, the efficiency is low, the construction safety risk is high, and when the middle-deep hole is arranged around the inclined cutting well, in order to meet the gravity ore extraction of the caved ore, the local roof needs to be damaged and part of the ore body needs to be lost, resulting in ore loss and dilution.

[0006] CN201610628820.4 discloses a super-high no-cutting well inclined line symmetrical forced slotting method, but in this method, the middle-deep hole slotting does not utilize the occurrence conditions of the ore body, the bottom boundary of the blast hole is an artificial vertical plane, and the included angle between the slotting middle-deep hole and the vertical plane is small, the blasting restraint is large, and the success rate of forced slotting is low. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0007] The utility model aims to provide a hole arrangement structure capable of guaranteeing the middle-deep hole slotting of the inclined thick ore body no cutting well.

[0008] The hole arrangement structure in the inclined thick ore body no cutting well middle-deep hole slotting method provided by the utility model comprises middle-deep holes arranged in a fan shape from the drilling gallery towards the upper wall boundary, and shallow holes arranged on the two sides of the drilling gallery. The first row of middle-deep holes is perpendicular to the upper wall boundary of the ore body, and the included angle between the subsequent row of middle-deep holes and the horizontal plane increases row by row. The distance between the bottom of the middle-deep hole and the bottom surface of the drilling gallery is greater than 1.2 m, covering an area 1.2 m above the bottom surface of the drilling gallery. The row spacing of the middle-deep holes is 1.2-1.5 m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.3-1.5 times the row spacing. The shallow holes are arranged below the bottom of the middle-deep hole.

[0009] When the above-mentioned hole arrangement structure is implemented, a distance of 0.5-0.8m is maintained between the first row of medium and deep holes and the cutting cross tunnel.

[0010] When the above hole arrangement structure is implemented, the horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium and deep holes ranges from 40° to 60°.

[0011] When the above hole arrangement structure is implemented, the increased inclination angle of the adjacent medium and deep hole rows is 3-7 degrees, and the maximum inclination angle does not exceed 90 degrees.

[0012] When the above-mentioned hole arrangement structure is implemented, the angle between the axial direction of the shallow hole and the side of the rock drilling tunnel is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

[0013] When the above-mentioned hole arrangement structure is implemented, the blasthole depths of the medium-deep holes and shallow holes all reach the boundary of the stope.

[0014] The utility model arranges upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes that are approximately perpendicular to the upper wall boundary line, so that the horizontal inclination angle of the medium-deep hole arrangement surface is adapted to the inclination angle of the ore body. The cross tunnel can be cut as the initial blasting compensation space, and the cutting grooves are formed by successive extrusion blasting, so that medium-deep hole blasting without well grooving is realized. The process is simple, but the efficiency and safety are high. It solves the problem of the existing technology that it is difficult to use a shaft drill to construct a cutting well due to the relatively gentle inclination angle of the upper wall, and the cutting well is constructed by manual excavation, which is inefficient and has a high safety risk. Shallow holes are arranged on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel, and multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes can be used for coordinated micro-difference blasting. The arrangement of shallow holes can increase the compensation space for medium-deep hole blasting on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel, making up for the defects of the existing technology that the medium-deep hole blasting space is insufficient and the blasting effect is poor. The medium-deep hole construction can use the upper wall of the ore body as the boundary, and all the blastholes are arranged within the ore body, greatly reducing the loss rate during the grooving blasting process. In addition, the medium-deep hole slot blasting can be carried out without damaging the upper plate roof. The upper plate roof is gradually exposed during the formation of the cutting groove, and the cross-section of the cutting groove is triangular, which is conducive to the stability of the cutting groove surrounding rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 BB schematic diagram in.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 1 CC schematic diagram in .

[0018] Detailed serial numbers in the figure:

[0019] 1- ore body; 2- hanging wall boundary; 3- segmented drift; 4- rock drilling drift; 5- cutting cross drift; 6- medium-deep hole; 7- shallow hole; 8- staged blasting area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The hole arrangement structure disclosed by the utility model is based on a deep hole grooving method in a well without cutting in an inclined thick ore body.

[0021] The hole structure is as follows:

[0022] It includes medium-deep holes 6 and shallow holes 7.

[0023] The first row of medium and deep holes is perpendicular to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body, and the angle between the subsequent rows and the horizontal plane increases with each row.

[0024] The horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium and deep holes ranges from 40 to 60 degrees.

[0025] The distance between the bottom of the medium-deep hole and the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel is greater than 1.2m, covering the area 1.2m above the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel.

[0026] The spacing between rows of medium and deep holes is 1.2-1.5m, and the distance between the bottom of the holes is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between rows.

[0027] The increased inclination angle of adjacent medium and long hole rows is 3-7°, and the maximum inclination angle does not exceed 90°

[0028] The shallow holes are arranged below the bottom of the medium and deep holes.

[0029] The angle between the axial direction of the shallow hole and the side of the rock drilling tunnel is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

[0030] The blasthole depths of both medium-deep holes and shallow holes reach the stope boundary.

[0031] The overall technical solution for the deep hole grooving method in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting is as follows:

[0032] The mining area is arranged perpendicular to the ore body trend, and the mining area drilling tunnel is constructed from the segmented tunnel to the upper wall of the ore body. The cutting cross tunnel is constructed along the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body. The top plate of the upper wall of the ore body is used as the boundary. Medium-deep holes arranged in a fan shape with an upward inclination are drilled in the drilling tunnel, supplemented by shallow holes on both sides of the drilling tunnel. The cutting cross tunnel is used as the initial compensation space, and multiple blastings are carried out to form cutting grooves, realizing medium-deep hole blasting without well pulling grooves.

[0033] The implementation of deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting in a well using the above-mentioned hole arrangement structure includes the following steps:

[0034] (1) The stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 1, and a rock tunnel 4 is excavated from the segmented tunnel 3 to the ore body upper wall boundary 2, and a cutting tunnel 5 is constructed along the ore body upper wall boundary. Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown.

[0035] (2) Construct medium-deep holes 6 arranged in a fan shape and inclined upward in the rock drilling tunnel.

[0036] The general principle of medium and long hole layout: about the width direction of the rock drilling lane, the center plane is symmetrically arranged, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0037] Height positioning of medium-long holes on the side of the rock tunnel: Since the fulcrum height of the medium-long hole construction rig is generally 1.2m, the layout height of the medium-long hole bottom is greater than 1.2m. In other words, the distance between the bottom of the medium-long hole and the bottom of the rock tunnel is greater than 1.2m, covering the area 1.2m above the bottom of the rock tunnel.

[0038] like Figure 1 The first row of medium-deep holes shown is arranged perpendicular to the boundary line of the upper wall of the ore body, and a distance of about 0.5m is kept between it and the cutting cross tunnel. The inclination angle of the subsequent rows increases by about 5° row by row.

[0039] Since the inclination angle of the ore body ranges from 30-50°, and the first row of medium-deep holes is perpendicular to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body, the sum of the horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium-deep holes and the inclination angle of the ore body is a right angle, so it can be concluded that the horizontal inclination angle range of the first row of medium-deep holes is 40-60°.

[0040] Determination of row spacing and hole bottom distance:

[0041] The spacing between rows of medium and deep holes is the vertical distance from the bottom of the holes in the previous row to the bottom of the holes in the next row.

[0042] (3) Construct two shallow holes 7 in the rock drilling tunnel.

[0043] Since the fulcrum height of the medium-deep hole construction drilling rig is generally 1.2m, the layout height of the medium-deep hole bottom is less than 1.2m.

[0044] In steps (2) and (3), the blasthole depths of both the medium-deep hole and the shallow hole are required to reach the stope boundary, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0045] (4) Blasting

[0046] After the construction of medium-deep holes and shallow holes is completed, multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes coordinated with micro-difference blasting are carried out:

[0047] Divide the blasting area into 8 sections and blast them one by one.

[0048] Figure 1 The number of rows of medium-deep holes in the staged blasting area 8 shown in the figure is two, and the number of rows of shallow holes in each staged blasting area is not necessarily the same, which is determined according to the specific situation. The basis for determination is: the shallow hole row corresponds to the bottom position of the medium-deep hole row.

[0049] During batch blasting, the detonation time of shallow holes is ahead of that of medium and deep holes, and the micro-difference time between rows is not less than 50ms.

[0050] After each blast, a remote-controlled scraper is used to remove more than half of the collapsed ore, providing blasting compensation space for subsequent blasting. The next blast is then carried out, and the cycle continues, forming a cutting groove in the upper wall.

[0051] This application arranges upward-facing fan-shaped medium-long holes approximately perpendicular to the hanging wall boundary, allowing the horizontal inclination of the medium-long hole arrangement to adapt to the inclination of the ore body. Cutting cross-lanes are used as initial blasting compensation space, and cutting grooves are formed by successive extrusion blasting, achieving medium-long hole blasting without well grooving. The process is simple, yet highly efficient and safe. This effectively solves the problem of existing technologies that, due to the relatively gentle inclination of the hanging wall, are difficult to construct cutting wells using raise boring rigs, and instead rely on manual excavation for cutting wells, which is inefficient and poses high safety risks.

[0052] By placing shallow holes on both sides of the rock tunnel, multiple medium-deep and shallow hole blasting operations can be carried out in a coordinated manner with slight differences. The shallow holes increase the compensation space for medium-deep hole blasting on both sides of the rock tunnel, thus compensating for the lack of space and poor blasting effect caused by the existing deep hole blasting technology.

[0053] Medium-deep hole construction can use the ore body's upper wall as the boundary, with all blastholes arranged within the ore body. This significantly reduces the dilution rate during slot blasting. This effectively addresses the existing method of using medium-deep hole blasting around the cutting shaft to form a cutting slot within the cutting tunnel. In order to allow the caving ore to be discharged by gravity, the local roof must be destroyed and part of the ore body must be lost, resulting in ore loss and dilution.

[0054] The medium-deep hole slot blasting does not damage the upper plate roof. The upper plate roof is gradually exposed during the formation of the cutting groove, and the cross-section of the cutting groove is triangular, which is conducive to the stability of the cutting groove surrounding rock.

Claims

1. A hole arrangement structure for a deep hole grooving method in a non-cutting well of an inclined thick ore body, characterized by: The hole arrangement structure includes medium-deep holes constructed from the rock tunnel toward the upper wall boundary and arranged in a fan shape, and shallow holes arranged on both sides of the rock tunnel; The first row of medium-deep holes is perpendicular to the boundary of the ore body's hanging wall, and the angle between the subsequent rows and the horizontal plane increases row by row; The distance between the bottom of the medium-long hole and the bottom of the rock tunnel is greater than 1.2m, covering the area 1.2m above the bottom of the rock tunnel; The row spacing of medium-deep holes is 1.2-1.5m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.3-1.5 times the row spacing; The shallow holes are arranged below the bottom of the medium and deep holes.

2. The hole arrangement structure in the deep hole grooving method in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: A distance of 0.5-0.8m is maintained between the first row of medium and deep holes and the cutting cross tunnel.

3. The hole arrangement structure in the deep hole grooving method in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: The horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium and deep holes ranges from 40 to 60 degrees.

4. The hole arrangement structure in the deep hole grooving method in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: The increased inclination angle of adjacent medium and deep hole rows is 3-7°, and the maximum inclination angle does not exceed 90°.

5. The hole arrangement structure in the deep hole grooving method in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between the axial direction of the shallow hole and the side of the rock drilling tunnel is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

6. The hole arrangement structure in the deep hole grooving method in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: The blasthole depths of both medium-deep holes and shallow holes reach the stope boundary.

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