Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to energy storage equipment. The problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is exhausted is solved. The energy storage equipment comprises a fire safety system and a battery pack assembly; the battery pack assembly comprises an explosion venting collecting pipe and a battery module, wherein the battery module comprises a shell and a battery unit; each battery unit comprises a heat exchange device, an electric connecting piece, a hollow pipe fitting and a plurality of single batteries; a heat exchange device is arranged at the top of each single battery, a direct heat exchange mode is adopted, heat exchange of the polar terminals is achieved, compared with an indirect heat exchange mode, a short heat exchange path is achieved, a heat exchange medium directly acts on the polar terminals, the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium is improved, and the heat exchange efficiency of the battery is improved; besides, when any single battery in the shell is subjected to thermal runaway, thermal runaway flue gas breaks through the explosion venting part to be discharged out of the shell from the hollow pipe fitting and enters a fire safety system to be treated, so that potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of battery, concretely relates to a kind of energy storage equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of solar energy, wind energy and other new energy, energy storage technology also develops, since lithium battery has the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power bearing, low self-discharge rate, gradually becomes the mainstream product of energy storage.

[0003] With the application of lithium battery energy storage equipment, the safe use of lithium ion battery also attracts attention. Due to the high concentration of battery modules in energy storage equipment, under the influence of factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating and mechanical impact, the battery separator is easy to collapse and internal short circuit, which leads to thermal runaway, and generates thermal runaway smoke. After the above thermal runaway smoke is discharged, it is easy to gather and burn, and in severe cases, it can cause explosion and safety hazard. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of energy storage equipment, solve the problem of safety hazard after the thermal runaway smoke of existing energy storage equipment is discharged.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system and at least one battery pack component;

[0006] The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, the primary fire unit includes a smoke gas busbar and a smoke gas treatment unit, the smoke gas busbar is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack component to the smoke gas treatment unit, and the smoke gas treatment unit is used to process the thermal runaway smoke;

[0007] Each battery pack component includes a blast venting busbar and at least one battery module;Each battery module includes a shell and n battery units;N battery units are arranged in the shell inner cavity along the y direction;

[0008] Each battery unit includes a heat exchange device, an electrical connector, a hollow pipe and m single batteries;M single batteries are arranged along the x direction;Wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;M is an integer greater than 1;

[0009] The heat exchange device is arranged at the top of the m single batteries, and the heat exchange device inner cavity is used as a heat exchange medium flow chamber;In z direction, the polarity terminal of each single battery penetrates the heat exchange device, part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located in the heat exchange medium flow chamber and directly contacts with the insulating heat exchange medium, and the other part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located outside the heat exchange device as the electrical connection part;The side wall of the polarity terminal is sealed with the heat exchange device;The liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange device extend out of the shell;

[0010] The electric connecting piece is connected with the electric connecting part of each polarity terminal, and electric connection of each single battery is realized; and part of the structure of the electric connecting piece extends out of the shell as an electric connecting terminal of the battery module;

[0011] The hollow pipe extends along the x direction, covers the m single battery explosion vent parts, and the inner cavity of the hollow pipe is used as a heat runaway flue gas confluence passage and is communicated with the m single battery explosion vent parts; at least one end of the hollow pipe extends out of the shell as a heat runaway flue gas discharge end;

[0012] In each battery pack assembly, the heat runaway flue gas discharge ends of the battery modules are communicated with the explosion vent confluence pipe, and the outlet end of the explosion vent confluence pipe is communicated with the flue gas confluence pipe of the first fire extinguishing unit.

[0013] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes multiple battery modules, and each battery module includes shell and multiple battery units, multiple single batteries are placed in a shell, when the single battery in the inner cavity of the shell bursts due to heat runaway, the splatter is prevented by the shell and does not constitute the threat to the personal safety of the personnel around the energy storage equipment, simultaneously, the utility model discloses heat exchange device is set up at each single battery top, adopts direct heat exchange mode, in z direction, makes each polarity terminal penetrate heat exchange device, and part of the structure of the polarity terminal is directly placed in the inner cavity of heat exchange device, and the polarity terminal is directly contacted with heat exchange medium, realizes the heat exchange of the polarity terminal, has shorter heat exchange path relative to indirect heat exchange mode, and heat exchange medium directly acts on the polarity terminal, improves the utilization efficiency of heat exchange medium, improves the heat exchange efficiency of battery. In addition, the utility model communicates the explosion vent part of each single battery based on a hollow pipe, when any single battery in the shell occurs heat runaway, the heat runaway flue gas breaks through the explosion vent part and is discharged from the hollow pipe, avoids the heat runaway flue gas diffusion to the remaining single battery in the inner cavity of the shell and causes the influence.

[0014] Meanwhile, the utility model discloses the first fire extinguishing unit in energy storage equipment, including flue gas confluence pipe and flue gas processing unit, and the heat runaway flue gas discharge end is connected through the explosion vent confluence pipe, flue gas confluence pipe and flue gas processing unit, and the heat runaway flue gas of the shell is handled in flue gas processing unit in proper order through the explosion vent confluence pipe, flue gas confluence pipe, and further reduces the security risk produced after the heat runaway flue gas discharge.

[0015] Further, the utility model can adopt multiple different structure heat exchange devices, for example, the heat exchange device can include multiple heat exchange sleeves, and the multiple heat exchange sleeves correspond to the polarity terminals one by one; each heat exchange sleeve is respectively sleeved on the periphery of the corresponding polarity terminal, and the annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal, which is used as the heat exchange medium flow cavity; the electric connecting part of the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve; and the top open end and the bottom open end of the heat exchange sleeve are sealed with the side wall of the polarity terminal; the heat exchange sleeves are communicated with each other to form a heat exchange channel at the top of the battery unit.

[0016] The heat exchange device can further include two heat exchange tubes; m through holes are formed on each heat exchange tube; the m through holes are arranged along the x direction and correspond to the polarity terminals on the same side of the m single cells; each through hole extends along the z direction and penetrates the heat exchange tube; and the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube serves as a heat exchange medium flow cavity;

[0017] The two heat exchange tubes are fixed on the polarity terminals on different sides of the m single cells, each polarity terminal is inserted into the corresponding through hole, and in the z direction, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal protrudes out of the through hole; and the side wall of the polarity terminal is sealed with the hole wall of the corresponding through hole.

[0018] Further, m second through holes are formed on the hollow tube, the m second through holes correspond to the m single cells, and each second through hole completely covers the explosion vent on the upper cover plate in the orthogonal projection of the corresponding single cell upper cover plate; the inner cavity of the hollow tube communicates with the explosion vent of the m single cells through the m second through holes; during installation, the second through hole does not need to be concentric with the explosion vent, the requirement for processing precision is low, and the influence of processing precision and assembly precision on product yield is weakened.

[0019] Further, the connection between the hollow tube and the upper cover plate of each single cell can be achieved in various ways:

[0020] The first way is to bond the hollow tube and the upper cover plate of each single cell through insulating sealant. This connection method is simple, convenient and easy to operate;

[0021] The second way is that the hollow tube is a split part, including a first half tube with a U-shaped cross section and a top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the first half tube; the m second through holes are formed on the bottom plate of the first half tube; the edge of each second through hole is welded to the upper cover plate of the corresponding single cell, and the top plate is welded to the first half tube to seal.

[0022] When welding, the welding head extends from the open end of the first half tube without any obstruction, and the welding of the edge of the second through hole and the upper cover plate of each single cell can be completed at one time, the sealing effect is good, and the connection strength is reliable.

[0023] The third way is that the hollow tube is a split part, including a first half tube with a U-shaped cross section and a top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the first half tube; the m second through holes are formed on the bottom plate of the first half tube;

[0024] The upper cover plate of each single cell is provided with an explosion vent branch pipe, and the orthogonal projection of the explosion vent branch pipe on the upper cover plate completely covers the explosion vent on the upper cover plate;

[0025] The free end of the explosion vent branch pipe extends into the first half pipe cavity through a corresponding second through hole in the first half pipe bottom plate; the wall of the explosion vent branch pipe and the wall of the second through hole are welded and sealed; and the top plate is welded and sealed with the first half pipe.

[0026] Different from the second mode, when the size of each single battery in the height direction is different due to machining errors, causing the upper cover plates of each single battery to be unable to remain in the same plane, the explosion vent branch pipe is used to connect the explosion vent part and the second through hole, and the explosion vent branch pipe can compensate for the height difference between the upper cover plates in the height direction; similar to the second mode, the mode also has the advantages of good sealing effect and reliable connection strength.

[0027] The fourth mode is:

[0028] The hollow pipe is a split piece, comprising a flexible bottom plate and a second half pipe with a U-shaped cross section; m second through holes are formed in the flexible bottom plate; the flexible bottom plate is fixedly connected with the upper cover plates of the single batteries; and the second half pipe is buckled on the flexible bottom plate and is sealingly fixed with the flexible bottom plate.

[0029] When the size of each single battery in the height direction is different due to machining errors, if the lower cover plates of each single battery are located in the same plane, it is inevitable that the upper cover plates of each single battery cannot remain in the same plane; the height difference between the upper cover plates can be compensated for by the deformation of the flexible bottom plate and the adjustment of the thickness of the sealing rubber layer; therefore, the mode has a lower requirement for the flatness of each upper cover plate, i.e., each explosion vent part. In addition, the flexible bottom plate is arranged between the upper cover plates of the single batteries and the second half pipe, and can be used as a sealing gasket to improve the sealing between the second half pipe and the upper cover plates.

[0030] Further, the functional structure is arranged on the polar terminal, and the functional structure is used for increasing the heat exchange area of the polar terminal; the position of the functional structure on the polar terminal is located in the heat exchange medium flow cavity and directly contacts with the insulating heat exchange medium. Compared with the polar terminal without the functional structure, the polar terminal has a larger heat exchange area, and thus a better heat exchange effect can be obtained.

[0031] Further, the functional structure is i annular grooves; wherein i is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each annular groove extends in the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polar terminal, and the i annular grooves are arranged in the height direction of the polar terminal. Compared with other functional structures, the annular grooves are more convenient to process, and the polar terminal has a lower cost.

[0032] Further, the insulating plate is arranged between the adjacent single batteries, so that insulation between the two single batteries is realized, and the safety performance of the battery module is improved; meanwhile, when the single battery is deformed due to swelling, the insulating plate is elastically deformed under the extrusion of the single battery, and the elastic deformation of the insulating plate can provide an expansion space for the single battery, so that the expansion deformation of the single battery does not extrude the shell, and the deformation and leakage problems of the shell caused by the extrusion are avoided, and the performance and safety of the battery module are improved; in addition, the heat generated during the charging and discharging of each single battery can be transmitted to the outside through the insulating plate, and the risk of thermal runaway is reduced.

[0033] Further, the shell is made of metal material and has good protection performance; when the shell is made of metal material, the shell and the single batteries need to be insulated, and the insulating plate is arranged between the n battery units and the shell to realize insulation.

[0034] Further, an insulating sealing adhesive layer can be arranged between each single battery and the shell; the insulating sealing adhesive layer can prevent condensation and prevent short circuit of the battery; the sealing performance of each part of the heat exchange device can be further improved, and the insulation performance between the single batteries and between the single batteries and the shell can be further improved.

[0035] Further, the smoke treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a smoke cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway smoke; the smoke cooling device is mainly used for cooling the thermal runaway smoke; the solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing the gas in the thermal runaway smoke; and the ignition device is used for igniting the thermal runaway smoke.

[0036] The smoke treatment unit of the energy storage device of the utility model processes the thermal runaway smoke generated by the energy storage device in multiple ways to avoid the safety hazards caused by the thermal runaway smoke.

[0037] Further, the smoke treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0038] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment, because the above-mentioned battery module has a certain amount of electrolyte, the electrolyte is sprayed after heat runaway flue gas with heat runaway flue gas in battery module, and the liquid treatment device is handled to the electrolyte in heat runaway flue gas, simultaneously, the liquid treatment device's M liquid treatment jar is empty jar, when heat runaway flue gas pressure is too big, empty jar can collect the liquid treatment medium of high pressure heat runaway flue gas extrusion liquid treatment jar, avoids the liquid treatment medium being extruded to the device in succession, and the influence to rear device is produced.

[0039] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit further comprises an ignition device; the above-mentioned ignition device is connected at the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used for igniting the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0040] In the energy storage equipment, the ignition device controllably ignites the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the heat runaway flue gas after ignition can be directly discharged, without hidden dangers such as combustion explosion.

[0041] Further, the above-mentioned liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, which can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the heat runaway flue gas to prevent the decomposed electrolyte from further producing combustible gas, but also treat part of the gas in the heat runaway flue gas, so that the gas amount of the heat runaway flue gas after treatment by the alkali solution is greatly reduced. The treatment effect of the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L on the heat runaway flue gas is more prominent.

[0042] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a buffer device, the above-mentioned buffer device comprises at least one buffer tank, the above-mentioned buffer tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet which communicate with the inner cavity thereof, and the above-mentioned buffer device is arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment unit, and is used for buffering the heat runaway flue gas. The buffer tank is added at the front end of the flue gas treatment unit, which not only buffers the heat runaway flue gas, but also makes the heat runaway flue gas enter the flue gas treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the heat runaway flue gas is fully treated by the liquid treatment device, and meanwhile, the buffer tank can collect part of the electrolyte carried in the heat runaway flue gas, so as to reduce the use amount of the liquid treatment device behind.

[0043] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprising safety pipes and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipe is in communication with the smoke collecting pipe or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipe is in communication with the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipe, and the opening pressure thereof is less than the opening pressure of the explosion venting part. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke collecting pipe is too large, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway smoke through the safety device, so as to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the smoke collecting pipe, and improve the safety during the treatment of the thermal runaway smoke.

[0044] Further, the smoke collecting pipe comprises a primary collecting pipe and a secondary collecting pipe, the primary collecting pipe is connected with the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion venting collecting pipe, and the secondary collecting pipe is connected with each primary collecting pipe to centrally transport the thermal runaway smoke in each primary collecting pipe to the smoke treatment unit.

[0045] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire-fighting unit, the secondary fire-fighting unit comprising a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipe; the fire-fighting device is provided with fire extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipe is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire-fighting device to the box body of the energy storage equipment. When the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box body of the energy storage equipment or the battery module is on fire or explodes, the secondary fire-fighting unit can prevent the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire or extinguish the battery module that has caught fire. Through the cooperation of the primary fire-fighting unit and the secondary fire-fighting unit, the safety of the battery module of the entire energy storage equipment can be protected, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment can be further improved.

[0046] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire-fighting unit, the tertiary fire-fighting unit comprising a fire-fighting water spraying pipe and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water spraying pipe, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water spraying pipe is used for being connected with an external fire-fighting water pipe. When multiple batteries catch fire due to thermal runaway, or after the fire extinguishing substances in the secondary fire-fighting unit are consumed, the tertiary fire-fighting unit can continue to extinguish the batteries, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment can be further improved.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0048] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes a plurality of battery module, and each battery module includes shell and a plurality of battery unit, place a plurality of single battery in a shell, when the single battery in the shell inner chamber explodes because of thermal runaway, and the splash under the obstruction of shell does not constitute the threat to the personal safety of energy storage equipment surrounding personnel, simultaneously, the utility model discloses setting up heat exchange device at each single battery top, adopts direct heat exchange mode, in z direction, makes each polarity terminal penetrate heat exchange device, and the partial structure of polarity terminal is directly placed in the inner chamber of heat exchange device, and the polarity terminal is directly contacted with heat exchange medium, realizes the heat exchange of polarity terminal, and relative indirect heat exchange mode has shorter heat exchange path, and heat exchange medium directly acts on the polarity terminal, improves the utilization efficiency of heat exchange medium, improves the heat exchange efficiency of battery. In addition, the utility model discloses based on a hollow pipe and connects the explosion vent of each single battery, when the thermal runaway of any single battery in the shell occurs, the thermal runaway flue gas breaks through the explosion vent and discharges the shell from the hollow pipe, avoids the influence of thermal runaway flue gas diffusion to the rest single battery in the shell inner chamber.

[0049] Meanwhile, the utility model discloses setting up one -level fire control unit in energy storage equipment, including smoke gas collecting pipe and smoke gas processing unit, and the thermal runaway flue gas exhaust end is connected through the explosion vent collecting pipe, smoke gas collecting pipe and smoke gas processing unit, and the thermal runaway flue gas of discharge shell is handled in turn through the explosion vent collecting pipe, smoke gas collecting pipe and enters smoke gas processing unit, further reduces the security risk that the thermal runaway flue gas generates after discharging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is energy storage equipment structural schematic diagram;

[0051] Figure 2 It is battery pack subassembly structural schematic diagram;

[0052] Figure 3 It is the structural schematic diagram of battery module of example 1;

[0053] Figure 4 It is the explosion drawing of battery module of example 1;

[0054] Figure 5a It is the sectional view of battery module of example 1;

[0055] Figure 5b It is the sectional view of battery module in other examples;

[0056] Figure 6 It is the structural schematic diagram of one heat exchange sleeve in example 1;

[0057] Figure 7 It is the local structural schematic diagram of battery unit in example 1;

[0058] Figure 8Structure of another heat exchange sleeve in Example 1;

[0059] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of another heat exchange sleeve in Example 1;

[0060] Figure 10 Assembly process of a heat exchange device in Example 1;

[0061] Figure 11 Assembly process of another heat exchange device in Example 1;

[0062] Figure 12 Exploded view of another battery module in Example 1;

[0063] Figure 13 Partial exploded view of a battery cell in Example 2;

[0064] Figure 14 Cross-sectional view of a battery cell in Example 4;

[0065] Figure 15 Partial exploded view of a battery cell in Example 5;

[0066] Figure 16 Partial structure of a battery cell in Example 5;

[0067] Figure 17 Cross-sectional view of the partial structure of a battery cell in Example 5;

[0068] Figure 18 Structure of a heat exchange tube in Example 5;

[0069] Figure 19 Cross-sectional view of a heat exchange tube in Example 5;

[0070] Figure 20 Structure of a battery module in Example 7;

[0071] Figure 21 Exploded view of a battery module in Example 7.

[0072] Figure 22 Structure of a fire safety system in Example 8;

[0073] Figure 23 Structure of a primary fire unit in Example 8;

[0074] Figure 24 Figure 1 Magnified view of area a in

[0075] Figure 25 ​Structure diagram of the liquid treatment device in Example 8;

[0076] Figure 26 Cross-sectional view of the liquid treatment tank in Example 8;

[0077] Figure 27 Structure diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing the liquid treatment device, solid treatment device and ignition unit in Example 8;

[0078] Figure 28 Structure diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing the buffer tank, liquid treatment device and ignition unit in Example 8;

[0079] Figure 29 Structure diagram of the secondary fire extinguishing unit and the tertiary fire extinguishing unit in Example 8.

[0080] In the drawings, the reference signs are:

[0081] 1, housing; 20, battery unit; 12, single battery; 21, polarity terminal; 1211, electrical connection part; 212, pole post; 213, pole post adapter; 122, explosion venting part; 23, explosion venting branch pipe; 124, annular groove; 3, heat exchange device; 31, heat exchange sleeve; 311, hollow member; 312, annular sealing plate; 313, first through hole; 314, liquid inlet pipe; 315, liquid outlet pipe; 32, heat exchange pipe; 321, through hole; 322, bottom port; 323, top port; 4, electrical connection; 15, hollow pipe; 151, second through hole; 152, L-shaped connecting plate; 53, first half pipe; 54, top plate; 55, flexible bottom plate; 56, second half pipe; 6, insulation member; 7, connecting pipe section; 8, insulation plate; 9, partition plate; 10, insulation sealing adhesive layer;

[0082] 2, fire safety system; 020, primary fire extinguishing unit; 021, secondary fire extinguishing unit; 022, tertiary fire extinguishing unit; 211, primary collecting pipe; 2120, secondary collecting pipe; 22, flue gas treatment unit; 230, liquid treatment device; 2301, liquid treatment tank; 2302, connecting pipeline; 2303, flue gas inlet; 2304, flue gas outlet; 2305, liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306, drainage pipe; 2307, flow dividing part; 2308, spiral baffle; 2210, ignition device; 2220, safety pipeline; 2230, safety discharge part; 231, solid treatment tank; 2321, flue gas pipeline; 2322, smoke exhaust pipe; 2323, igniter; 2324, trigger; 2325, fire retardant; 234, buffer tank; 2341, smoke inlet; 2342, smoke outlet; 24, fire extinguishing device; 25, fire extinguishing pipeline; 26, fire water spraying pipeline; 27, water mist nozzle;

[0083] 5, battery pack assembly; 51, explosion venting manifold; 52, battery module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0085] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0086] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship of the terms "top, bottom, etc." indicated in the drawings is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first, second, third, fourth, etc." are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0087] As shown in Figure 1 The present application discloses a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system 2 and at least one battery pack assembly 5.

[0088] Fire safety system 2 includes primary fire unit 020, primary fire unit 020 includes smoke manifold and smoke treatment unit, smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly 5 into smoke treatment unit, and smoke treatment unit is used to process thermal runaway smoke.

[0089] As shown in Figure 2 Each battery pack assembly 5 includes explosion venting manifold 51 and at least one battery module 52 Figure 2 In order to display explosion venting manifold 51, only the outermost two battery modules 52 are shown.

[0090] As shown in Figure 3 , Figure 4 And Figure 5a Each battery module 52 includes an outer shell 1 and n battery cells 20 located in the outer shell 1, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0091] Generally, a rectangular shell 1 is adopted, for the convenience of description, the length direction of the shell 1 is defined as the x direction, the width direction of the shell 1 is defined as the y direction, and the height direction of the shell 1 is defined as the z direction.

[0092] The shell 1 structure is not specifically limited in the utility model, and at least the following two structures can be adopted:

[0093] The first structure includes a cylinder with open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is open) and end plates fixed at both open ends of the cylinder (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane);

[0094] The second structure includes a cylinder with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is open) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed at the open ends of the top and bottom of the cylinder (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are parallel to the xy plane, and the top plate or the bottom plate can be an integral structure with the cylinder).

[0095] The n battery units 20 are arranged in the shell 1 cavity along the y direction; each battery unit 20 includes a heat exchange device 3, an electrical connector 4, a hollow pipe 15, and m single batteries 12 arranged along the x direction; wherein m is an integer greater than 1.

[0096] The shell 1 in the utility model mainly has the following two aspects:

[0097] First, improve the safety performance of the entire battery module 52;

[0098] 1. When the single battery 12 in the shell 1 cavity bursts due to thermal runaway, the splashes are blocked by the shell 1, which does not pose a threat to the personal safety of the personnel around the battery module 52;

[0099] 2. The shell 1 also has a certain protective effect on each single battery 12, which can avoid the problem of damage caused by direct exposure of each single battery 12.

[0100] Second, facilitate the storage and transportation of the entire battery module 52;

[0101] Placing multiple single batteries 12 in a relatively regular shell 1 makes the battery module 52 easy to store and transport.

[0102] The heat exchange device 3 is used for heat exchange of the battery module 52. The heat exchange here can be understood as heat dissipation of the battery module 52 or heating of the battery module 52; when the temperature of the battery module 52 is higher than a set threshold, the battery module 52 is cooled by introducing a heat exchange medium with a lower temperature into the heat exchange device 3; when the temperature of the battery module 52 is lower than the set threshold, the battery module 52 is heated by introducing a heat exchange medium with a higher temperature into the heat exchange device 3; by controlling the temperature of the heat exchange medium, the battery module 52 can always operate at a normal working temperature.

[0103] In order to optimize the heat exchange effect of the battery module 52, the utility model discloses a heat exchange device 3 mainly carries out heat exchange to the polarity terminal 21 of the single battery 12 with more concentrated heat, at the same time, adopts direct heat exchange mode, makes each polarity terminal 21 in z direction pass through the heat exchange device 3, and the partial structure of the polarity terminal 21 is directly placed in the inner chamber of the heat exchange device 3, the polarity terminal 21 is directly contacted with the heat exchange medium, realizes the heat exchange of the polarity terminal 21, and compared with indirect heat exchange mode, has shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium directly acts on the polarity terminal 21, improves the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of the battery. The electric connection part 1211 of the polarity terminal 21 needs to extend out of the heat exchange device 3 and be connected with the electric connecting piece 4. The electric connecting piece 4 is used for electrically connecting the single battery 12. The electric connection can be series connection, parallel connection or series-parallel connection.

[0104] It should be noted that:

[0105] 1. Because the polarity terminal 21 of the utility model is directly contacted with the heat exchange medium, the ideal heat exchange medium should have good insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardant performance, low cost, suitable working temperature, long service life, no corrosion and other characteristics. In the utility model, the heat exchange medium is an insulation heat exchange medium commonly used in the prior art, which can be but is not limited to insulation oil and fluorinated liquid.

[0106] 2. Because the polarity terminal 21 penetrates the heat exchange device 3, the part of the polarity terminal 21 (i.e. the side wall of the polarity terminal 21) penetrating the heat exchange device 3 should be sealed with the heat exchange device 3 when the inner chamber of the heat exchange device 3 is used as a liquid heat exchange medium flow chamber.

[0107] 3. Except that the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange device 3 extend out of the shell 1, the rest of the heat exchange device 3 is inside the shell 1.

[0108] 4. After the electric connecting piece 4 is used for electrically connecting the single battery 12, part of the structure of the electric connecting piece 4 needs to extend out of the shell 1 as the electric connection terminal of the battery module 52.

[0109] 5. The polarity terminal 21 of the above-mentioned single cell 12 can be a pole 212 of the single cell 12. If the height of the pole 212 of the single cell 12 does not meet the set requirements, a pole adapter 213 can be connected to the pole 212 of the single cell 12, and the overall structure of the pole 212 of the single cell 12 and the pole adapter 213 can be used as the polarity terminal 21 of the single cell 12.

[0110] The hollow tube 15 extends along the x-direction, covering the explosion vents 122 of the m battery cells 12. The interior of the hollow tube 15 communicates with the explosion vents 122 of the m battery cells 12. At least one end of the hollow tube 15 extends out of the housing 1, serving as a port for exhausting thermal runaway fumes. The explosion vents 122 of the battery cells 12 can also be referred to as explosion-proof portions, pressure relief vents, or explosion-proof vents, primarily for exhausting thermal runaway fumes from the battery cells 12.

[0111] When any single battery 12 constituting the battery module 52 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the explosion venting portion 122 and is discharged from the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of the hollow tube 15 to prevent the thermal runaway smoke from diffusing into the inner cavity of the shell 1 and affecting the remaining single batteries 12.

[0112] Combine Figure 2 It can be seen that in each battery pack assembly 5, the explosion venting manifold 51 is connected to the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of each battery module 52. In the entire energy storage device, the outlet end of the explosion venting manifold 51 of each battery pack assembly is connected to the smoke manifold.

[0113] The specific structures of the battery pack assembly 5, the battery module 52, the fire safety system 2 and the energy storage device are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0114] Example 1

[0115] This embodiment is a battery pack assembly, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes an explosion relief manifold 51 and 12 battery modules 52. In other embodiments, the number of battery modules 52 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0116] The battery module 52 has a structure as follows Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5a As shown, it includes a housing 1 and a battery unit 20 located in the housing 1; in some other embodiments, the number of battery units 20 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0117] In order to improve the protection performance of the housing 1, the housing 1 in this embodiment is made of metal, usually aluminum or iron. Based on cost considerations, iron is preferred.

[0118] The battery unit 20 in the embodiment comprises a plurality of single batteries 12 arranged along the x direction. The single battery 12 in the embodiment is a square cell, and the number of single batteries 12 is 12. In other embodiments, the number and form of single batteries 12 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Two polarity terminals 21 with opposite polarities and a pressure relief part 122 between the two polarity terminals 21 are arranged on the upper cover plate of each single battery 12.

[0119] As can be seen from Figure 5a , the polarity terminal 21 in the embodiment is an overall structure of the pole post 212 of the single battery 12 and the pole post adapter 213. A blind hole is formed on the pole post adapter 213 along the height direction of the pole post adapter 213, and the bottom surface of the blind hole and the pole post 212 of the single battery 12 are welded.

[0120] In some other embodiments, as shown in Figure 5b , the polarity terminal 21 is the pole post 212 of the single battery 12, and the height of the pole post 212 is higher than that of a conventional single battery pole post.

[0121] As can be seen from Figure 4 , the battery unit 20 in the embodiment further comprises a heat exchange device 3. As can be seen from Figure 5a , the heat exchange device 3 in the embodiment comprises 24 heat exchange sleeves 31, and each of the 24 heat exchange sleeves 31 is sleeved on the periphery of a corresponding polarity terminal 21.

[0122] The structure of the heat exchange sleeve 31 is shown in Figure 6 , which comprises a hollow member 311 and an annular sealing plate 312. Two first through holes 313 are formed in the sidewall of the hollow member 311 and penetrate the inner cavity of the hollow member 311, which are respectively used as liquid inlet and outlet. The annular sealing plate 312 is coaxial with the hollow member 311 and is sealingly fixed at the top end of the hollow member 311.

[0123] As can be seen from FIG. 5, the heat exchange sleeve 31 is sleeved on the periphery of the polarity terminal 21, and an annular cavity is formed between the heat exchange sleeve 31 and the sidewall of the polarity terminal 21, which is used as a heat exchange medium flow cavity. The bottom end of the hollow member 311 is sealingly fixed with the insulating member 6 sleeved on the polarity terminal 21 of the single battery 12. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 312 is sealingly fixed with the sidewall of the polarity terminal 21, and part of the structure of the polarity terminal 21 extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate 312, which is used as an electrical connection part 1211 of the polarity terminal 21.

[0124] It should be noted that the insulating member 6 is mainly used for insulation between the polar terminal 21 and the upper cover plate, which can be an annular insulating glue layer formed after pouring insulating glue between the polar terminal 21 and the upper cover plate, or an insulating glue sleeve arranged between the polar terminal 21 and the upper cover plate. The material of the insulating member 6 can adopt the insulating material between the polar terminal 21 and the upper cover plate in the prior art. In addition, the connection mode of the insulating member 6 with the polar terminal 21 and the upper cover plate can also adopt the related prior art, and the embodiment is not limited in detail.

[0125] The cross-sectional shape of the hollow member 311 is not limited in the utility model, and generally, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow member 311 is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 21, for example, when the cross section of the polar terminal 21 is circular, the corresponding cross section of the hollow member 311 is annular; when the cross section of the polar terminal 21 is square, the corresponding cross section of the hollow member 311 is square ring.

[0126] In the embodiment, the hollow member 311 and the annular sealing plate 312 are integrated, and in other embodiments, the hollow member 311 and the annular sealing plate 312 can be separate parts, but the processing is more complex relative to the embodiment.

[0127] In the embodiment, the heat exchange sleeve 31 is made of rubber material, the heat exchange sleeve 31 made of rubber material has a certain elastic deformation, the bottom end of the hollow member 311 and the insulating member 6 are tightly matched to realize the sealing and fixing between them, and in order to improve the sealing reliability, the insulating sealing glue can also be used for bonding; the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21 can be sealed by tight matching. In other embodiments, a ring-shaped sealing ring can be additionally arranged between the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21 to further improve the sealing between them.

[0128] In other embodiments, when the heat exchange sleeve 31 is made of metal material, the inner side wall of the bottom end of the hollow member 311 and the insulating member 6 can also be bonded by using insulating sealing glue to realize the sealing and fixing between them; the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21 can be sealed by welding.

[0129] In other embodiments, when the heat exchange sleeve 31 is made of metal material, the bottom end of the hollow member 311 can also be sealed and fixed between the upper cover plate of the monomer battery 12 by welding to ensure the sealing between the hollow member 311 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21; the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21 are sealed by insulating sealing glue.

[0130] As Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeves 31 with the same side of the single battery 12 are connected, two heat exchange channels are formed at the top of the 12 single batteries 12, and the two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, and heat exchange is realized based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0131] In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 The heat exchange sleeve 31 also includes an inlet pipe 314 and an outlet pipe 315; the inlet pipe 314 and the outlet pipe 315 are fixed on the side wall of the hollow member 311 and are respectively communicated with the inlet and outlet.

[0132] The hollow member 311, the annular sealing plate 312, the inlet pipe 314 and the outlet pipe 315 are integrated and are made of insulating material, preferably insulating material with certain elastic deformation.

[0133] It should be noted that the inlet pipe 314 of one of the adjacent heat exchange sleeves 31 and the outlet pipe 315 of the other heat exchange sleeve 31 can be inserted into each other to realize the communication between the two adjacent heat exchange sleeves 31. The inlet pipe 314 of one of the heat exchange sleeves 31 and the outlet pipe 315 of the other heat exchange sleeve 31 can also be connected by a connecting pipe section 7 (such as a heat shrinkable pipe, see Figure 10 ), to realize the communication between the two adjacent heat exchange sleeves 31.

[0134] The present embodiment can adopt the following two installation methods to realize the fixation of the heat exchange device 3 and each single battery 12:

[0135] Installation method one:

[0136] As shown in Figure 10 Each heat exchange sleeve 31 is sleeved on the corresponding polar terminal 21 one by one, and in the sleeving process, the adjacent heat exchange sleeves 31 are communicated, and the sealing between the open top end and the open bottom end of the heat exchange sleeve 31 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21 is completed; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed;

[0137] Installation method two:

[0138] As shown in Figure 11 First, the heat exchange sleeves 31 are communicated to form two heat exchange channels, and then each heat exchange channel is installed as a whole on the top of the 12 single batteries 12, and in the installation process, each heat exchange sleeve 31 of each heat exchange channel is sleeved on the corresponding polar terminal 21, and the sealing between the open top end and the open bottom end of the heat exchange sleeve 31 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21 is completed; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0139] From Figure 4As can be seen, the battery unit 20 further comprises electric connecting members 4 connected with the electric connecting portions 1211 of the polar terminals 21 of each single battery 12 to realize the electric connection of each single battery 12; in the embodiment, the single batteries 12 are connected in series, and the electric connecting members 4 comprise 13 sub electric connecting members, both ends of each sub electric connecting member are connected with the electric connecting portions 1211 of the polar terminals 21 of adjacent single batteries 12 with different polarities, and the free ends of the outermost two sub electric connecting members extend out of the shell 1 as the electric connecting terminals with different polarities of the battery module.

[0140] In some other embodiments, the single batteries 12 can also be connected in parallel or in series-parallel.

[0141] From Figure 4 As can be seen from Figs. 4 and 5, the battery unit 20 of the embodiment further comprises a hollow pipe 15, and 12 second through holes 151 are arranged on the pipe wall of the hollow pipe 15 in the x direction; each second through hole 151 corresponds to the explosion venting portion 122 on the upper cover plate of a single battery 12; the inner cavity of the hollow pipe 15 communicates with the explosion venting portions 122 of the 12 single batteries 12 through the 12 second through holes 151. In the embodiment, one end of the hollow pipe 15 is closed, and the other end extends out of the shell 1 as a hot runaway smoke exhaust port; in some other embodiments, both ends of the hollow pipe 15 can extend out of the shell 1 as the hot runaway smoke exhaust ports.

[0142] In order to reduce the precision requirement between each second through hole 151 and the corresponding explosion venting portion 122 during installation, the orthographic projection of each second through hole 151 on the upper cover plate of the corresponding single battery 12 completely covers the explosion venting portion 122 on the upper cover plate, and during installation, the second through hole 151 is not required to be concentric with the explosion venting portion 122, but only needs to cover the explosion venting portion 122. The hollow pipe 15 can be fixed on the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 by means of adhesion. Meanwhile, before installation of the hollow pipe 15, positioning marks can be set on the upper cover plate and the hollow pipe 15 according to the designed size, so that the second through hole 151 can accurately cover the corresponding explosion venting portion 122.

[0143] In addition, in order to improve the bonding strength between the hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate, as shown in Fig. 6, the hollow pipe 15 can also be connected with the upper cover plate through an L-shaped connecting sheet 152, and specifically, the L-shaped connecting sheet 152 can be connected with the hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate by welding. Figure 12

[0144] As Figure 4 ​As shown, the embodiment can also be provided between the two adjacent single batteries 12 with a partition 9 made of insulating material; each single battery 12 near the middle part, the side wall (single battery large surface) on both sides is in contact with the partition 9, and one of the two single batteries 12 near the outermost side is in contact with the partition 9, and the other side wall is in contact with the side wall of the shell 1.

[0145] In this embodiment, the partition 9 has at least the following advantages:

[0146] The first aspect can realize the insulation between the two single batteries 12 and improve the safety performance of the battery module;

[0147] Secondly, the installation stability of each single battery 12 in the shell is improved;

[0148] Thirdly, the partition 9 has a certain elasticity. When the single battery 12 is deformed by swelling, the partition 9 is extruded by the single battery 12 to produce elastic deformation. After the elastic deformation of the partition 9, the expansion space can be provided for the expansion of the single battery 12, so that the expansion deformation of the single battery 12 will not extrude the shell 1, avoiding the deformation and leakage problems of the shell 1 caused by extrusion, and further improving the performance and safety of the battery module;

[0149] Fourthly, the heat generated during the charging and discharging process of each single battery 12 can be transmitted to the outside through the partition 9, reducing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0150] In combination with FIG. 5 and Figure 12 It can be seen that the embodiment is provided with an insulating plate 8 between the battery unit 20 and the shell 1, which is used for the insulation between the shell 1 and the battery unit 20. In this embodiment, there are 5 insulating plates 8, which are respectively arranged between the four side walls of the battery unit 20 and the four side walls of the shell 1, and between the bottom of the battery unit 20 and the bottom plate of the shell 1. In some other embodiments, an insulating plate can also be arranged between the top of the battery unit 20 and the shell.

[0151] As shown in Fig. 5, the present embodiment can also lay the insulating sealant layer 10 between each monomer battery 12 and the shell 1. The insulating sealant layer 10 is mainly laid in the space between the top of each monomer battery 12 and the shell 1, and the heat exchange device 3 inside the shell 1 is partially located in the insulating sealant layer 10; meanwhile, the electrical connector 4 in the shell 1 can also be located in the insulating sealant layer 10 (when it is necessary to collect signals from the electrical connector 4, the electrical connector 4 needs to be exposed from the insulating sealant layer 10); the hollow pipe 15 in the shell 1 is also partially located in the insulating sealant layer 10; when there is a gap between each monomer battery 12, the insulating sealant liquid can also penetrate into the gap to form the insulating sealant layer 10; when there is a gap between the four side walls and the bottom of each monomer battery 12 and the shell 1, the insulating sealant liquid can also penetrate into the gap to form the insulating sealant layer 10.

[0152] In the present embodiment, the insulating sealant layer 10 has at least the following advantages:

[0153] I. Further improve the sealing performance of each part of the heat exchange device 3;

[0154] Specifically, the insulating sealant liquid constituting the insulating sealant layer 10 penetrates into the gap between the heat exchange sleeve 31 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21, further sealing the gap from the radial direction (the insulating sealant liquid cannot flow into the heat exchange medium flow cavity through the gap between the heat exchange sleeve 31 and the side wall of the polar terminal 21);

[0155] II. Anti-condensation;

[0156] During long-term use, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat exchange device 3, condensation will be generated on the surface, and when the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause short circuit problem; by laying the insulating sealant layer 10 to wrap the heat exchange device 3, when condensation is generated on the surface of the heat exchange device 3, it can prevent the battery from short circuiting under the protection of the insulating sealant layer 10;

[0157] III. Realize the insulation of the heat exchange device 3 and the upper cover plate of the monomer battery 12;

[0158] When the heat exchange device 3 is made of non-insulating material, when the insulating sealant layer 10 completely wraps the outside of the heat exchange device 3, the insulation of such heat exchange device 3 can be realized, further improving the insulation performance of the heat exchange device 3 and the upper cover plate of the monomer battery 12;

[0159] IV. Further improve the insulation performance between each monomer battery 12 and the shell 1;

[0160] The insulating sealant liquid penetrates into each gap between the battery unit 20 and the insulating plate 8, the insulating plate 8 and the shell 1, which can further improve the insulation performance between each monomer battery 12 and the shell 1;

[0161] V. Further improve the insulation performance between each monomer battery 12;

[0162] The insulation sealing glue liquid penetrates into the gap between each battery unit 20, which can further improve the insulation performance between each monomer battery 12;

[0163] VI. Improve the bonding strength and sealing performance between the hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate of each monomer battery 12;

[0164] The insulation sealing glue layer 10 covers on the hollow pipe 15, which can further press the hollow pipe 15 on the upper cover plate of each monomer battery 12, and the insulation sealing glue liquid can penetrate into the gap between the hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate, further sealing the gap (the insulation sealing glue liquid cannot flow into the inner cavity of the hollow pipe 15 through the gap).

[0165] Example 2

[0166] Unlike example 1, this embodiment uses a hollow pipe 15 with a different structure, and the connection between the corresponding hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate of each monomer battery 12 is also different from example 1.

[0167] As shown in Figure 13 The hollow pipe 15 in this embodiment is a split part, including a first half pipe 53 with a U-shaped cross section and a top plate 54 for sealing the top open end of the first half pipe 53; 12 second through holes 151 are opened on the bottom plate of the first half pipe 53.

[0168] Based on the split design, the hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate of the monomer battery 12 can be fixed by welding, which can be realized by the following process:

[0169] Position the first half pipe 53 on the upper cover plate of each monomer battery 12, so that the projection of each second through hole 151 completely covers the corresponding explosion vent 122;

[0170] The welding head is inserted into the second through hole 151 from the top open end of the first half pipe 53, and the second through hole 151 is sealed and welded with the upper cover plate of the corresponding monomer battery 12; so that the explosion vent 122 of each monomer battery 12 is through the corresponding second through hole 151;

[0171] The top plate 54 is sealed and welded on the top open end of the first half pipe 53.

[0172] It should be noted that the welding head referred to here refers to the component of the welding equipment inserted into the part to be welded. If arc welding or argon arc welding is used, the welding head here refers to the end of the welding rod. If laser welding is used, the welding head referred to here refers to the laser beam.

[0173] The hollow pipe 15 is arranged in a split structure in this embodiment, which facilitates fixing the hollow pipe 15 on the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 from the open end at the top of the first half pipe 53, reduces the processing difficulty, and has a high finished product rate.

[0174] In this embodiment, only the orthographic projection of the second through hole 151 on the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 needs to cover the corresponding explosion venting part 122, each explosion venting part 122 is located on the same plane as much as possible, and each second through hole 151 is located on the same plane as much as possible. Therefore, the concentricity of the explosion venting part 122 and the second through hole 151 and the consistency of each explosion venting part 122 and the second through hole 151 do not need to be considered, the processing precision requirement is low, the influence of the processing precision and the assembly precision on the finished product rate is weakened; and when welding, the welding head extends from the open end without any obstruction, the welding of the edge of the second through hole 151 and the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 can be completed at one time, the process is simple, and the sealing effect is good.

[0175] Embodiment 3

[0176] Different from embodiment 2, the connection between the hollow pipe 15 and the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 is realized in a different way in this embodiment.

[0177] As shown in Figure 14 , the explosion venting branch pipe 23 is arranged on the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 in this embodiment, and the orthographic projection of the explosion venting branch pipe 23 on the upper cover plate completely covers the explosion venting part 122 on the upper cover plate.

[0178] The free end of the explosion venting branch pipe 23 extends into the inner cavity of the first half pipe 53 through the corresponding second through hole 151 on the bottom plate of the first half pipe 53; and the pipe wall of the explosion venting branch pipe 23 and the hole wall of the second through hole 151 are welded and sealed.

[0179] In this embodiment, the explosion venting branch pipe 23 is generally a thin-walled tubular structure, which can be integrally processed and integrally formed with the upper cover plate, or can be fixed on the upper cover plate by riveting, welding or injection molding. The horizontal cross section (cross section along the radial direction) of the explosion venting branch pipe 23 can be a rectangular ring or a circular ring, and in order to better adapt to the shape of the explosion venting part 122, the horizontal cross section of the explosion venting branch pipe 23 is usually a circular ring.

[0180] In this embodiment, the hollow pipe 15 can be connected with the upper cover plate of each single battery 12 through the following process:

[0181] The first half pipe 53 is positioned on the upper cover plate of each single battery 12, so that each explosion venting branch pipe 23 corresponds to each second through hole 151, and each explosion venting branch pipe 23 is inserted into the second through hole 151;

[0182] Insert the welding head from the open end of the top of the first half pipe 53 into the edge of the second through hole 151, and weld the edge of each second through hole 151 to the outer wall of the corresponding explosion relief branch pipe 23 to achieve sealing;

[0183] The top plate 54 is seal-welded to the open end of the top of the first half pipe 53 .

[0184] In this embodiment, when there are differences in the height dimensions of each single battery 12 due to processing errors, if the lower cover plates of each single battery 12 are located in the same plane, it is inevitable that the upper cover plates of each single battery 12 cannot be maintained in the same plane. In this case, the utility model connects the explosion relief portion 122 with the second through hole 151 through the explosion relief branch pipe 23. The explosion relief branch pipe 23 can compensate for the height difference between each upper cover plate in the height direction. Therefore, this embodiment has low requirements on the flatness of each upper cover plate, i.e., each explosion relief portion 122. When there is a certain height difference between the upper cover plates of each single battery 12, the explosion relief branch pipe 23 can also ensure the sealed connection between the explosion relief portion 122 and the second through hole 151.

[0185] Example 4

[0186] Different from the above embodiment, this embodiment adopts a hollow tube 15 with a different structure, and the connection method between the corresponding hollow tube 15 and the upper cover of each single battery 12 is also different from the above embodiment.

[0187] like Figure 15 As shown, the hollow tube 15 in this embodiment is also a split part, but different from Examples 2 and 3, the hollow tube 15 in this embodiment includes a flexible bottom plate 55 and a second half tube 56 with a U-shaped cross-section; the flexible bottom plate 55 is usually made of high-temperature resistant rubber material, and the high temperature here usually refers to the thermal runaway temperature of the battery; 12 second through holes 151 are opened on the flexible bottom plate 55; the second half tube 56 is buckled on the flexible bottom plate 55 and sealed and fixed to the flexible bottom plate 55.

[0188] In this embodiment, the hollow tube 15 can be connected to the upper cover of each single battery 12 through the following process:

[0189] The flexible base plate 55 is bonded to the upper cover of each single cell 12 so that the projection of each second through hole 151 completely covers the corresponding explosion relief portion 122. To improve the bonding strength between the flexible base plate 55 and the upper cover of the single cell 12, the size of the flexible base plate 55 can be increased to increase the contact area between the flexible base plate 55 and the upper cover. Specifically, the projection of the flexible base plate 55 on the xy plane can be larger than the projection of the second half tube 56 on the xy plane. The surface of the flexible base plate 55 can also be treated to improve bonding strength.

[0190] The second half tube 56 is buckled onto the flexible bottom plate 55 , and insulating sealant is applied to the contact portion between the second half tube 56 and the flexible bottom plate 55 , so as to bond the second half tube 56 to the flexible bottom plate 55 .

[0191] In order to improve the bonding strength between the hollow tube 15 and the upper cover, the hollow tube 15 and the upper cover can be connected by an L-shaped connecting piece. Specifically, the L-shaped connecting piece can be connected to the second half pipe 56 and the upper cover by welding.

[0192] In this embodiment, if manufacturing errors cause differences in the height dimensions of individual cells 12, and if the lower covers of each cell 12 are located on the same plane, the upper covers of each cell 12 will inevitably be unable to remain aligned. The present invention compensates for the height differences between the upper covers by deforming the flexible base plate 55 and adjusting the thickness of the sealant layer. Therefore, this embodiment has lower requirements for the flatness of each upper cover, i.e., each explosion vent. Furthermore, the flexible base plate 55, positioned between the upper cover of each cell 12 and the second half-tube 56, acts as a gasket, improving the seal between the second half-tube 56 and the upper cover.

[0193] Example 5

[0194] Different from the above embodiment, this embodiment adopts a heat exchange device 3 with a different structure.

[0195] like Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown ( Figure 16 and Figure 17 This is a partial structure of the battery cell 20 of this embodiment. The hollow tube 15 and the electrical connector 4 are not shown in the figure. This embodiment uses two heat exchange tubes 32 as the heat exchange device 3. The two heat exchange tubes 32 are respectively mounted on the polarity terminals 21 on different sides of the battery cell 20 (wherein the heat exchange tubes 32 may or may not be in contact with the upper cover plate of the single battery 12).

[0196] When the heat exchange fitting 32 is in contact with the polarity terminal 21 and the upper cover of the single cell 12 at the same time, if the polarity terminal 21 is electrically connected to the upper cover through the heat exchange fitting 32, a short circuit will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to insulate the heat exchange fitting 32 from the upper cover of the single cell 12, or it is also possible to insulate the heat exchange fitting 32 from the polarity terminal 21. Of course, it is also possible to insulate the heat exchange fitting 32 from both the upper cover of the single cell 12 and the polarity terminal 21; that is, it is sufficient to ensure that the polarity terminal 21 cannot be electrically connected to the upper cover of the single cell 12 through the heat exchange fitting 32.

[0197] The above problems can usually be solved in the following ways:

[0198] 2.1. Using heat exchange pipes 32 made of insulating materials can achieve insulation between the heat exchange pipes 32 and the upper cover of the single battery 12 and the polarity terminals 21;

[0199] 2.2. If the heat exchange fittings 32 are made of non-insulating materials, an insulating pad, insulating film, or insulating paint can be added between the upper cover of the single cell 12 and the heat exchange fittings 32 to overcome this problem. Alternatively, an insulating pad, insulating film, or insulating paint can be added to the inner bottom surface of the heat exchange fittings 32 (the side of the heat exchange fittings 32 inside the heat exchange fittings 32 close to the upper cover of the single cell 12) to overcome this problem. The wall of the heat exchange fittings 32 can also be insulated, such as by spraying insulating paint or wrapping it with insulating film, to overcome this problem. An insulating sealing gasket can also be added between the polarity terminal 21 and the heat exchange fittings 32 to overcome this problem. Of course, to be on the safe side, the above methods can be combined to adopt multiple insulation methods to overcome this problem.

[0200] The structure of the heat exchange pipe 32 is as follows: Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that 12 through holes 321 are provided on the heat exchange tube 32 of this embodiment; the 12 through holes 321 are arranged along the x direction and correspond one-to-one to the polarity terminals 21 of each single battery 12. In some other embodiments, the number of through holes 321 can be adjusted according to the number of single batteries 12 in the battery unit 20, and the arrangement of the through holes 321 can be adjusted according to the arrangement of the single batteries 12.

[0201] The present invention does not impose any specific restrictions on the cross-sectional shape of the tube body. Since the heat exchange tube 32 in this embodiment is placed on the planar upper cover plate of the single battery 12, and for structural regularity, as can be seen from the figure, the tube body in this embodiment is a rectangular tube. In other embodiments, circular tubes or tubes with other structural shapes may also be used.

[0202] The above-mentioned through hole 321 is a through hole 321 that passes through the top plate 54 and the bottom plate of the heat exchange tube 32 and passes through the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 32. In this embodiment, after the heat exchange tube 32 is fixed on the top of the single battery 12, the extension direction of the through hole 321 is consistent with the height direction of the shell 1 (the height direction of the shell 1 is the z direction). Therefore, it can be considered that the through hole 321 extends along the z direction.

[0203] In addition, when the heat exchange tube 32 is fixed to the top of the single battery 12, the electrical connection portion 1211 of the polarity terminal 21 of each single battery 12 passes through the bottom port 322 of the corresponding through hole 321 and extends from the top port 323. The top port 323 here is the port close to the electrical connection portion 1211 of the polarity terminal 21.

[0204] The shape of the two ports of the through hole 321 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 21, the shape of the two ports of the through hole 321 is circular, the cross section of the polarity terminal 21 is also circular, and the caliber of the two ports of the through hole 321 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the polarity terminal 21; in other embodiments, the shape of the two ports of the through hole 321 and the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 21 can be different, as long as it can be ensured that the polarity terminal 21 can be inserted into the through hole 321.

[0205] It can be seen from Figure 16 The battery unit 20 of the embodiment includes two heat exchange pipes 32, which are respectively sleeved on the polarity terminals 21 on different sides of the battery unit 20 based on the through hole 321, and the two heat exchange pipes 32 are connected in series through the connecting pipe. In other embodiments, the two heat exchange pipes 32 can also be connected in parallel.

[0206] The heat exchange pipe 32 of the embodiment is made of insulating material, which realizes the insulation between the heat exchange pipe 32 and the upper cover plate of the single battery 12 and the polarity terminal 21.

[0207] Embodiment 6

[0208] The embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiments, and a functional structure is arranged on the polarity terminal 21 of each single battery 12 to increase the heat exchange area of the part of the polarity terminal 21; the part with the functional structure is located in the heat exchange medium flow cavity, which can further improve the heat exchange effect.

[0209] The specific structure of the polarity terminal 21 can be seen from FIG. 5, Figure 14 and Figure 17 The embodiment opens at least two annular grooves 124 on the side wall of the polarity terminal 21, the two annular grooves 124 are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal 21, and each annular groove 124 extends along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polarity terminal 21. Based on the two annular grooves 124, the heat exchange area of the part of the polarity terminal 21 can be increased, and after the part is located in the heat exchange medium flow cavity, a better heat exchange effect can be obtained compared with the polarity terminal 21 with a smooth side wall.

[0210] In other embodiments, the number of annular grooves 124 and the groove width and groove depth can be adjusted according to the needs, and the specific premise is not to affect the conductivity of the polarity terminal 21.

[0211] In some other embodiments, other structures can also be processed on the polar terminal 21 to increase the heat exchange area of the polar terminal 21; such functional structures can include point-like pits on the side wall of the polar terminal 21, protrusions, and can also include through holes on the polar terminal 21 (heat dissipation teeth can be additionally provided in the through hole along the axial direction to further increase the heat exchange area in the through hole), etc.; relative to the above functional structures, the annular groove 124 structure of the present embodiment is convenient to process and has a lower processing cost.

[0212] Embodiment 7

[0213] As shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21 , different from the above embodiments, the battery module of the present embodiment includes two battery units 20, the two battery units 20 are connected in series with each other, and the heat exchange devices 3 of the two battery units 20 can also be connected in series; in some other embodiments, the heat exchange devices 3 of the two battery units 20 can be connected in parallel.

[0214] Meanwhile, the insulating plates 8 are arranged between the two battery units 20, and the insulating plates 8 are also arranged between the four side walls of the overall structural member of the two battery units 20 and the four side walls of the shell 1, and between the bottom and the bottom plate of the shell 1.

[0215] Embodiment 8

[0216] The present embodiment is an energy storage device, which includes a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly in the above embodiments.

[0217] As shown in Figure 22 , the fire safety system 2 includes a first fire unit 020, and the structure of the first fire unit 020 is as shown in Figure 23 , which includes a smoke gas collecting pipe and a smoke gas treatment unit 22, the smoke gas collecting pipe is used to transport the thermal runaway generated by the battery module 52 to the smoke gas treatment unit 22; the smoke gas treatment unit 22 is used to process the thermal runaway smoke gas generated by each battery module 52. The structure of the smoke gas collecting pipe and the smoke gas treatment unit 22 will be described in detail below.

[0218] The smoke gas collecting pipe of the present embodiment includes a first collecting pipe 211 and a second collecting pipe 2120; the outlet end of each battery pack assembly 5 is connected with the first collecting pipe 211, and the second collecting pipe 2120 is connected with each first collecting pipe 211 to concentrate and transport the thermal runaway smoke gas in each first collecting pipe 211 to the smoke gas treatment unit 22.

[0219] In combination with Figure 1 , the battery pack assemblies 5 of the energy storage device of the present embodiment are arranged along the z direction to form one battery cluster, and a total of four battery clusters are included; for the energy storage device, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 23As can be seen, the embodiment includes four primary manifold pipes 211, each of which is connected to the outlet end of the explosion vent manifold 51 of each battery pack assembly 5 in each battery cluster (as shown in Figure 24 Figure 24 Figure 1 The secondary manifold pipe 2120 is connected to each primary manifold pipe 211 to concentrate the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold pipe 211 and transport it to the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0220] The flue gas manifold described above collects the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery cluster and concentrates it for extraction to the flue gas treatment unit 22 behind for treatment. However, each battery module 52 has a certain amount of free electrolyte in the shared chamber, which, when the battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas and poses a certain safety hazard. Based on this, in combination with Figure 25 The flue gas treatment unit 22 in the embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 230, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the secondary manifold pipe 2120, and is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery module 52 to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas, thereby reducing the content of flammable substances (electrolyte and flammable gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0221] The liquid treatment device 230 in the embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 2301, which are filled with a liquid treatment medium. The number of liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and requirements of the battery modules 52 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be connected in series through a connecting pipe 2302. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2301 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, an oval tank, etc. A circular tank is preferred because it has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0222] The M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can all be filled with a liquid treatment medium. When filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301 to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, which would result in poor treatment effect.

[0223] ​​In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke of the battery module 52 is too large when it is initially vented, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway smoke. Therefore, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes nine liquid treatment tanks 2301, wherein the first to eighth liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke discharged by the battery module 52 is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway smoke, avoid the liquid treatment medium being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 in use.

[0224] As shown in Figure 25 The liquid treatment tank 2301 is provided with a smoke inlet 2303, a smoke outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305. The smoke inlet 2303 is used to input the thermal runaway smoke into the liquid treatment tank 2301, the smoke outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway smoke, and the liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. The smoke inlet 2303 can be arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301 or at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. In order to facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 2301, the smoke inlet 2303 and the smoke outlet 2304 are preferably arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway smoke treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline arrangement. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 2302 can adopt a metal bellows. After being connected by a metal bellows, each liquid treatment tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meet various installation requirements, and save installation space.

[0225] As shown in Figure 26 After arranging the smoke inlet 2303 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, in order to make the thermal runaway smoke fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, the smoke inlet 2303 is connected with a drainage pipe 2306, and at least part of the drainage pipe 2306 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Preferably, the drainage pipe 2306 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway smoke passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, the liquid treatment medium fully treats the thermal runaway smoke, and the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium is improved.

[0226] The one end of the above-mentioned draft tube 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium is provided with a flow splitting part 2307. The flow splitting part 2307 disperses and splits the thermal runaway smoke gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway smoke gas has a large flow rate in and a small flow rate out, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway smoke gas and makes the thermal runaway smoke gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium to improve the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The flow splitting part 2307 in the embodiment can be a foamed copper column, which is easy to install and has good dispersion and splitting effect. Specifically, when installing, it is fixed to the port of the one end of the draft tube 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foamed copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional pores in a copper matrix, which has a dispersion and buffering effect on fluid. In use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway smoke gas in the draft tube 2306 flows out of the foamed copper column and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foamed copper column, so as to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect of the thermal runaway smoke gas, so that the dispersed thermal runaway smoke gas fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium.

[0227] To further make the thermal runaway smoke gas fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 is arranged on the above-mentioned draft tube 2306, or a plurality of baffle plates are arranged on the draft tube 2306. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates increases the travel of the thermal runaway smoke gas when the thermal runaway smoke gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway smoke gas more fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway smoke gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 from the smoke gas inlet 2303, then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the draft tube 2306, then is dispersed by the foamed copper column, and then rises from the bottom. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates makes the thermal runaway smoke gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so as to be treated. Specifically, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed on the draft tube 2306. The baffle plate is a semicircular baffle, and the plurality of baffle plates are arranged from bottom to top and fixed on the draft tube 2306 in sequence, and the adjacent baffle plates are installed in a staggered manner.

[0228] After the liquid treatment tank is pressure tested and leak tested, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke gas, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustible substances (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway smoke gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically use the following substances:

[0229] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of "like dissolves like", the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, and can also prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can be specifically diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can be specifically benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutyl alcohol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, iso-octanol solvent, n-propanol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptanal, phenylpropyl aldehyde or methyl non-ethyl aldehyde, etc.

[0230] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, which can be specifically a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, a barium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkali solution can react with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases and treat the thermal runaway smoke at the source. At the same time, the alkali solution can cool the thermal runaway smoke and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway smoke in the alkali solution. In addition, the alkali solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0231] Among the above two liquid treatment media, the alkali solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the gas. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway smoke treated by the alkali solution is greatly reduced, so the treatment effect of the alkali solution is better than that of the organic solvent.

[0232] For the alkali solution, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke. However, the inventors found that a low-concentration alkali solution has a better treatment effect than a high-concentration alkali solution, especially a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkali solution. When the thermal runaway smoke passes through the alkali solution, the amount of gas collected is the smallest, and the treatment effect is better than that of an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or more. Therefore, when treating the thermal runaway smoke with an alkali solution, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and a low-concentration alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the alkali solution can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0233] Taking the NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were conducted, and the treatment effects of water and different concentrations of NaOH solution on the thermal runaway smoke were compared. It was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution was the smallest, the effect was significantly improved after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the effect was best after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0234] When the thermal runaway smoke is transported into the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the acidic substances in the thermal runaway smoke, such as electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and HF, for example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; the subsequent CO2 also occurs: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O, and through the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced.

[0235] Table 1 Thermal runaway data of full 32650 battery without treatment

[0236]

[0237] Table 2 Treatment results of different concentrations of NaOH solution

[0238]

[0239]

[0240]

[0241] According to the above test data, it is found that when the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is not treated, the collected gas volume is 4L, and when the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L or more, the collected gas is generally greater than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. When the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5mol / L, the gas volume is small, all less than 2L, and the treatment effect is remarkable after being treated by the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2mol / L, and the gas volume collected after being treated by the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1mol / L is only about 1L, and the effect is optimal. Therefore, the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5mol / L has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke after battery thermal runaway.

[0242] As Figure 27As shown, the smoke treatment unit of the embodiment can also include a solid treatment device. According to the test results, a certain concentration of alkali solution can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced. On this basis, the solid treatment device can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke is completely non-combustible.

[0243] From Figure 27 As can be seen, the solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device and is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank 231. The number of solid treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number of battery modules in the energy storage device and the demand. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be arranged in series. In this case, the smoke inlet of the first solid treatment tank is connected to the smoke outlet of the last liquid treatment tank in the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment tank has a similar structure to the liquid treatment tank. The inside of the solid treatment tank is filled with solid adsorption medium, which is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment tank.

[0244] The solid adsorption medium in the above solid treatment tank can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc. The solid adsorption medium is used to treat the residual gas treated by the liquid treatment tank, such as adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is activated carbon which has relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. Such activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gas in the thermal runaway smoke, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0245] Table 3: Adsorption test of NaOH solution and activated carbon combination

[0246]

[0247] Through the test data, it is found that the effect of treating the thermal runaway smoke of the battery thermal runaway space by using NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 filter tank P-B-3 activated carbon) is very good. After multiple tests, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the 32650 battery after full discharge first passes through 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution treatment, and then passes through 270 g of activated carbon adsorption. The volume of the collected gas is 0.3-0.5 L, and the collected gas is non-combustible.

[0248] The smoke treatment system in the embodiment introduces the thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module thermal runaway into the liquid treatment tank for treatment. The liquid treatment tank processes the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke, prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and generate gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway gas. The subsequent solid treatment tank uses less solid adsorption medium to complete the treatment of the thermal runaway smoke. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, which improves the safety of the energy storage equipment.

[0249] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include a solid treatment device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module is directly delivered to the solid treatment device through the smoke bus duct for treatment.

[0250] The smoke treatment unit of the embodiment can also include an ignition device 2210. As shown in Figure 27 , the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device, and performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device. The above-mentioned ignition device 2210 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0251] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include an ignition device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module is directly delivered to the ignition device through the smoke bus duct, and the ignition device directly performs separate ignition treatment on all the thermal runaway smoke.

[0252] As shown in Figure 27 , the above-mentioned ignition device 2210 includes a smoke pipeline 2321 and at least one group of ignition assemblies. The smoke pipeline 2321 is connected with the smoke outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301 in the liquid treatment device 230 (for example, without setting a solid adsorption device). The ignition assemblies are connected on the smoke pipeline 2321. Among them, the number of ignition assemblies can be set according to the needs, which can be set to 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups or 4 groups, etc. When multiple groups are set, not only can the thermal runaway smoke be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hidden danger that a single ignition assembly fails or fails to reliably ignite the thermal runaway smoke can be avoided.

[0253] As shown in Figure 27As shown, each ignition assembly includes a smoke exhaust pipe 2322 connected with the smoke pipe 2321 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 2322 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all communicated with the smoke pipe 2321) and an igniter 2323 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, the igniter 2323 is turned on when thermal runaway occurs in any battery module 52, and then the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device 230 is transported into the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 by the smoke pipe 2321, and the igniter 2323 ignites the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The igniter 2323 can be turned on by a trigger 2324 or by the BMS (battery management system). When the trigger 2324 is used to turn on the igniter 2323, the trigger 2324 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 or on the smoke pipe 2321, and can detect parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time, and when the parameters exceed the set threshold, a signal is sent to start the igniter 2323. Specifically, the trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When the trigger 2324 is used to start the igniter 2323, a flame arrester 2325 can also be arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, which is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and damaging the trigger 2324 and other devices. When the BMS is used to turn on the igniter 2323, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each battery module 52 in the energy storage device in real time, and when thermal runaway occurs in any battery module 52, the voltage, current and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 2323 is started.

[0254] The structure of the igniter 2323 can be various, for example, the existing electric arc igniter 2323 or resistance wire igniter 2323 can be used, and the pulse igniter 2323 can be used as the electric arc igniter 2323, and the igniter 2323 can be powered by dry batteries or alternating current according to the site environment.

[0255] When thermal runaway occurs in the battery module 52, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 52 enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the smoke bus pipe, the liquid treatment device 230 performs targeted treatment on the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke, and then the ignition device 2210 performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device 230, so as to reduce the safety hidden danger caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway smoke.

[0256] The smoke treatment unit 22 of the embodiment can also include a buffer device arranged between the smoke bus pipe and the smoke treatment unit 22, which buffers the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment unit 22.

[0257] As shown in FIG. 6, the buffer device can include a buffer pipe 2311 arranged between the smoke bus pipe and the smoke treatment unit 22, and a buffer device 2312 arranged in the buffer pipe 2311. The buffer device 2312 can be a valve or a damper, which can be opened or closed according to the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke in the buffer pipe 2311, so as to control the flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment unit 22. Figure 28As shown, the buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet port 2341 and a smoke outlet port 2342 communicating with the inner cavity thereof; the smoke inlet port 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected to the smoke outlet port 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 28 As shown, the smoke treatment unit 22 includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230, and an ignition device 2210, the buffer device is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0258] In the above buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number of battery modules 52 and the demand, if the buffer tanks 234 are multiple, the multiple buffer tanks 234 can be connected in series through the connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited, which can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, an oval tank, etc., and the circular tank is the best choice, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0259] The number of buffer tanks 234 in the present embodiment is one, which is an empty tank body without filling substances, and is arranged between the smoke converging pipe and the smoke treatment unit 22, mainly having the following functions:

[0260] First, buffering the thermal runaway smoke;

[0261] The buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the smoke treatment unit 22, which buffers the thermal runaway smoke, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway smoke, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke, so that the thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate, and the liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway smoke more fully, or when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway smoke with a large instantaneous pressure rapidly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway smoke cannot be fully treated, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium;

[0262] Second, collecting the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke;

[0263] The battery module 52 with a shared chamber has a certain amount of free electrolyte, which is sprayed out with the thermal runaway smoke when the battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, especially when the explosion vent is arranged at the bottom of the shell 3, almost all the free electrolyte in the shared chamber is sprayed out with the thermal runaway smoke. The buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device 230, which buffers the thermal runaway smoke and separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway smoke, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230;

[0264] When the battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte in the battery module 52 is sprayed out with the thermal runaway smoke, and the electrolyte is ignited with the combustible gas. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke may cause flame spatter and other hazards during combustion. At the same time, when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke participates in combustion at the same time as the combustible gas, generating a large amount of combustion flame, which may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210 and pose a certain safety hazard. The buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the ignition device 2210, which buffers the thermal runaway smoke and separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway smoke, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke is collected in the buffer tank 234. Not only can it prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce combustible gas and reduce the amount of combustible gas, but also when the subsequent thermal runaway smoke is ignited, only the combustible gas will burn (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), so that the size of the flame when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited is reduced, and the safety hazard to the surrounding environment is reduced.

[0265] Third, impurities in the thermal runaway smoke are removed;

[0266] When the battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery 12 is about 140℃-850℃. At this temperature, the separators, plastic films, plastic parts and other easy-to-melt materials inside the single battery 12 are melted by high temperature. The above molten substances are sprayed out from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway smoke, and flow through the smoke collector pipe to the rear thermal runaway smoke treatment device. As the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke decreases, the molten substances gradually solidify and block the pipeline in the smoke treatment unit 22. At this time, with the addition of the above buffer tank 234, the molten substances and other impurities discharged with the thermal runaway smoke are deposited and collected in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway smoke is buffered in the buffer tank 234, thereby avoiding the problem of subsequent pipeline blockage.

[0267] Fourth, the backflushed liquid treatment medium is collected;

[0268] When the battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, the instant thermal runaway flue gas spouted by the battery module 52 has high pressure. The high pressure thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a shunt part 2307, the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and the liquid treatment tank 2301 is subjected to pressure build-up. At this time, the following phenomena may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is back-flushed by the high pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301 to the flue gas manifold, the flue gas manifold is blocked, and the subsequent generated thermal runaway flue gas cannot be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold;

[0269] A buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is back-flushed, the liquid treatment medium is back-flushed and collected in the buffer tank 234 in front, and cannot flow into the flue gas manifold, thereby avoiding the problem of blockage of the flue gas manifold, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0270] As shown in Figure 28 The buffer tank 234 is provided with an inlet smoke port 2341 and an outlet smoke port 2342 which communicate with the inner cavity of the buffer tank 234. The inlet smoke port 2341 is mainly used for connecting with the flue gas manifold, and the flue gas manifold delivers the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module 52 in thermal runaway to the buffer tank 234. The outlet smoke port 2342 is mainly used for discharging the thermal runaway flue gas in the buffer tank 234. The inlet smoke port 2341 and the outlet smoke port 2342 can be arranged on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In the present embodiment, the inlet smoke port 2341 and the outlet smoke port 2342 are arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234. The inlet smoke port 2341 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas deposit on the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity, and the liquid in the buffer tank 234 cannot be squeezed to the flue gas manifold in front through the inlet smoke port 2341 on the top. The outlet smoke port 2342 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can prevent the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas from being discharged smoothly, and can make the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas discharge smoothly from the buffer tank 234.

[0271] In addition, a liquid discharge valve can be arranged on the bottom of the buffer tank 234 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 234. In order to facilitate the standardization and integration of the energy storage equipment, the buffer tank 234 can have a similar structure to the liquid treatment tank 2301.

[0272] Reference Figure 28The flue gas treatment system of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device (each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230).

[0273] If the flue gas treatment system has no safety device, the following problems may occur:

[0274] First, if multiple battery modules 52 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, the excessive pressure of the flue gas from the thermal runaway may cause the explosion vents of the battery modules 52 to open in reverse, affecting the battery modules 52 that have not experienced thermal runaway, creating a safety hazard. Alternatively, the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold may be damaged, causing the flue gas manifold to leak, creating a safety hazard.

[0275] Second, since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a diversion part 2307, the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time. The thermal runaway flue gas gathers and is compressed in the flue gas manifold. When the pressure is too high, the explosion venting part of the battery module 52 is opened in the reverse direction, affecting the battery module 52 that has not experienced thermal runaway, creating a safety hazard. Alternatively, the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold is damaged, causing the flue gas manifold to leak, creating a safety hazard.

[0276] Based on this, the energy storage device of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device, which can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, thereby avoiding the safety hazards caused by the excessive pressure of the flue gas manifold and improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0277] like Figure 28 As shown, each safety device includes a safety line 2220 and a safety exhaust 2230. The inlet of the safety line 2220 is connected to the flue gas manifold or buffer tank 234, and the outlet is connected to the external environment. Alternatively, the outlet of the safety line 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid processing tank 2301, or the outlet of the safety line 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid processing tank 231, or the outlet of the safety line 2220 is connected to the flue gas line 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety exhaust 2230 is provided on the safety line 2220, and its opening pressure is lower than the opening pressure of the explosion vent of the battery module 52. This safety device is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the thermal runaway flue gas pressure in the flue gas manifold is too high, posing a safety hazard, so as to prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from affecting the battery modules that have not experienced thermal runaway, or affecting the sealing of the flue gas manifold connection, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0278] The safety discharge part 2230 can be implemented by the following structures: first, a pressure relief membrane or a pressure relief valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220; second, a safety valve is used, which can be opened at a set pressure; the safety valve can be a pressure valve, which can be automatically opened at a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the smoke manifold exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve is automatically opened, which has high reliability, and the installation of the safety valve is also convenient; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are used; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the smoke manifold, and the control valve is opened when the pressure of the gas in the smoke manifold exceeds the threshold; the pressure measuring device can be a pressure sensor, and the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, which is connected to the pressure measuring device; the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the smoke manifold.

[0279] In combination Figure 22 and Figure 29 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can further include a secondary fire unit 021, which mainly includes a fire extinguishing device 24 and a fire pipeline 25; the fire extinguishing device 24 stores fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline 25 is used to deliver the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device 24 to the box of the energy storage device. The inlet of the fire pipeline 25 is connected to the fire extinguishing device 24, and the outlet is arranged in the box of the energy storage device.

[0280] In the embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage device, so that the fire extinguishing substances can be sprayed to ensure that the fire extinguishing substances can cover all the battery modules 52. The fire extinguishing device 24 stores a certain amount of fire extinguishing substances, which are specifically perfluorohexone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is arranged at the outlet of the fire extinguishing device 24, which is started by the BMS or by the sensor arranged in the box of the energy storage device. When the sensor is started, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector, which monitors the environment in the box of the energy storage device in real time and opens the control valve according to the detection data.

[0281] When the battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery can be led out and treated by the first fire extinguishing unit 020, and the thermal diffusion is prevented, so as to avoid the situation that other batteries or even the whole energy storage equipment are out of control and explode due to thermal diffusion when the individual battery module 52 is in thermal runaway. At the same time, the gathering of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a limited space to cause danger can also be avoided. When there is thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage equipment, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started to spray the fire extinguishing material on the thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage equipment and the burning and exploding battery, so as to further prevent the thermal runaway from continuing to occur. The first fire extinguishing unit 020 and the second fire extinguishing unit 021 can cool and extinguish the fire of the battery in thermal runaway according to the situation, and greatly improve the safety of the energy storage equipment.

[0282] In combination Figure 22 and as Figure 29 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can also include a third fire extinguishing unit 022, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 includes a fire water spraying pipeline 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline 26, the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline 26 is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage equipment. The fire water spraying pipeline 26 can cooperate with the second fire extinguishing unit 021 to extinguish the fire of multiple batteries when multiple battery modules 52 are in thermal runaway and the burning fire is large, or after the fire extinguishing material in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is consumed, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures on the battery module 52, and the safety of the whole energy storage equipment is further improved. In other embodiments, the fire safety system 2 can also not be provided with the third fire extinguishing unit 022; or when the fire extinguishing material in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is water, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is a fire water connector arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire water connector is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe.

[0283] The working principle of the fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0284] When the battery modules 52 in the box of the energy storage device are working normally, the first fire extinguishing unit 020, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are not working. When a certain battery module 52 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 52 is transported to the smoke treatment unit 22 through the smoke busbar for treatment. When the smoke busbar leaks or the smoke treatment device fails, there is thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device, or the battery module 52 is on fire or explodes, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started, and the fire extinguishing device 24 sprays the fire extinguishing material through the fire extinguishing pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing material prevents the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire or the fire extinguishing material extinguishes the fire of the battery that has burned or exploded. If the fire cannot be controlled after the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is connected to the external fire water, and the water mist nozzle 27 is used for fire extinguishing. When multiple battery modules 52 are in thermal runaway at the same time and the burning fire is large, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are started at the same time to start fire extinguishing.

[0285] It should be noted that when the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are started, the ignition device 2210 in the first fire extinguishing unit 020 does not work.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by: The fire safety system comprises at least one battery pack assembly; The fire safety system comprises a first fire unit, the first fire unit comprises a smoke flow pipe and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke flow pipe is used for conveying thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly into the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke; Each battery pack assembly comprises a venting flow pipe and at least one battery module; Each battery module comprises a shell and n battery cells; the n battery cells are arranged in the shell cavity along the y direction; Each battery cell comprises a heat exchange device, an electrical connector, a hollow pipe and m single batteries; the m single batteries are arranged along the x direction; wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; m is an integer greater than 1; The heat exchange device is arranged at the top of the m single batteries, and the heat exchange device cavity serves as a heat exchange medium flow chamber; in the z direction, the polarity terminal of each single battery penetrates the heat exchange device, and part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located in the heat exchange medium flow chamber and directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium, and the other part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and serves as an electrical connection part; the side wall of the polarity terminal is sealed with the heat exchange device; the heat exchange device liquid inlet and liquid outlet extend out of the shell; The electrical connector is connected with the electrical connection part of each polarity terminal, thereby realizing the electrical connection of each single battery; part of the structure of the electrical connector extends out of the shell and serves as an electrical connection terminal of the battery module; The hollow pipe extends along the x direction and covers the m single battery venting part, and the hollow pipe cavity serves as a thermal runaway smoke flow channel and communicates with the m single battery venting part; at least one end of the hollow pipe extends out of the shell and serves as a thermal runaway smoke exhaust end; In each battery pack assembly, the thermal runaway smoke exhaust end of each battery module communicates with the venting flow pipe, and the outlet end of the venting flow pipe communicates with the smoke flow pipe of the first fire unit.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The heat exchange device comprises a plurality of heat exchange sleeves, and the plurality of heat exchange sleeves correspond to the polarity terminals one by one; each heat exchange sleeve is sleeved around the corresponding polarity terminal, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner side wall of the heat exchange sleeve and the side wall of the polarity terminal, which serves as a heat exchange medium flow chamber; the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal extends out of the heat exchange sleeve; and the top open end and the bottom open end of the heat exchange sleeve are sealed with the side wall of the polarity terminal; The heat exchange sleeves communicate with each other and form a heat exchange channel at the top of the battery cell; Alternatively, The heat exchange device comprises two heat exchange pipes; Each heat exchange pipe is provided with m through holes; the m through holes are arranged along the x direction and correspond to the polarity terminals on the same side of the m single batteries one by one; each through hole extends along the z direction and penetrates the heat exchange pipe; the heat exchange pipe cavity serves as a heat exchange medium flow chamber; The two heat exchange pipes are fixed on the polarity terminals on different sides of the m single batteries respectively, each polarity terminal is inserted into the corresponding through hole, and in the z direction, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal extends out of the through hole; the side wall of the polarity terminal is sealed with the hole wall of the corresponding through hole.

3. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The hollow pipe is provided with m second through holes, the m second through holes correspond to the m single batteries one by one, and each second through hole completely covers the explosion vent on the upper cover plate in the orthographic projection of the corresponding single battery upper cover plate; the inner cavity of the hollow pipe is communicated with the explosion vent of the m single batteries through the m second through holes.

4. The energy storage device of claim 3, wherein: The hollow pipe and the upper cover plate of each single battery are adhered by the insulating sealant; Or, The hollow pipe is a split part, comprising a first half pipe with a U-shaped cross section and a top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the first half pipe; the m second through holes are arranged on the bottom plate of the first half pipe; the edge of each second through hole is welded to the corresponding single battery upper cover plate, and the top plate is welded to the first half pipe to be sealed; Or, The hollow pipe is a split part, comprising a first half pipe with a U-shaped cross section and a top plate for sealing the open end of the top of the first half pipe; the m second through holes are arranged on the bottom plate of the first half pipe; Each single battery upper cover plate is provided with an explosion vent branch pipe, and the orthographic projection of the explosion vent branch pipe on the upper cover plate completely covers the explosion vent on the upper cover plate; The free end of the explosion vent branch pipe extends into the inner cavity of the first half pipe through the corresponding second through hole on the bottom plate of the first half pipe; the wall of the explosion vent branch pipe and the hole wall of the second through hole are welded and sealed; the top plate is welded to the first half pipe to be sealed; Or, The hollow pipe is a split part, comprising a flexible bottom plate and a second half pipe with a U-shaped cross section; The m second through holes are arranged on the flexible bottom plate; the flexible bottom plate is fixedly connected with the upper cover plate of each single battery; the second half pipe is buckled on the flexible bottom plate and is fixedly sealed with the flexible bottom plate.

5. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The functional structure is arranged on the polar terminal and used for increasing the heat exchange area of the polar terminal; the position of the functional structure on the polar terminal is located in the heat exchange medium flow cavity and directly contacts with the insulating heat exchange medium.

6. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein: The functional structure is i annular grooves; wherein i is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each annular groove extends along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polar terminal, and the i annular grooves are arranged along the height direction of the polar terminal.

7. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: Adjacent single batteries are provided with a partition plate made of insulating material; further comprising an insulating plate; the insulating plate is arranged between the n battery units and the shell.

8. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: An insulating sealant layer is arranged between each single battery and the shell.

9. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; The liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The flue gas cooling device is mainly used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas; The solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorption treatment of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The ignition device is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

10. The energy storage device of claim 9, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, and the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first to the M-1 liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit further comprises an ignition device; the ignition device is connected at the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

12. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The primary fire extinguishing unit further comprises a buffer device, the buffer device comprising at least one buffer tank provided with an inlet and an outlet communicating with an inner cavity of the buffer tank, the buffer device being arranged between the smoke converging pipe and the smoke treatment unit and used for buffering the thermal runaway smoke.

13. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire extinguishing unit, the secondary fire extinguishing unit comprising a fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing pipeline; the fire extinguishing device is provided with fire extinguishing substances, and the fire extinguishing pipeline is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device into the box of the energy storage device.

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