Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to energy storage equipment. The problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is exhausted is solved. The energy storage device comprises a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly. The high-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the shell along the same direction; the shell is provided with a shared cavity and an explosion venting pipe assembly communicating with the shared cavity. The inner cavity of the shared cavity is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single batteries; the explosion venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery is communicated with an explosion venting collecting pipe, and the outlet end of the explosion venting collecting pipe is communicated with a flue gas collecting pipe of a fire safety system; the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the explosion venting pipe assembly and the flue gas collecting pipe to enter the flue gas treatment unit of the fire safety system to be treated, and potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of battery, concretely relates to a kind of energy storage equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of solar energy, wind energy and other new energy, energy storage technology also develops, since lithium battery has the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power bearing, low self-discharge rate, gradually become the mainstream product of energy storage.

[0003] With the application of lithium battery energy storage equipment, the safe use of lithium ion battery also attracts attention. Due to the high concentration of large-capacity batteries in energy storage equipment, under the influence of factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating and mechanical impact, the battery separator is easy to collapse and internal short circuit, which leads to thermal runaway, and generates thermal runaway smoke. After the above thermal runaway smoke is discharged, it is easy to gather and burn, and in severe cases, it can cause explosion and safety hazards. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of energy storage equipment, solve the problem of safety hazard after the thermal runaway smoke of existing energy storage equipment is discharged.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system and at least one battery pack component;

[0006] The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, which includes a smoke collection pipe and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke collection pipe is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack component to the smoke treatment unit. The smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0007] Each battery pack component includes a blast vent collection pipe and at least one large-capacity battery component. Each large-capacity battery component includes a large-capacity battery and a heat exchange device.

[0008] The large-capacity battery comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries; the plurality of single batteries are arranged in the shell cavity along the x direction, the shell is provided with at least one shared chamber and a vent pipe assembly communicated with the at least one shared chamber; the shared chamber cavity and all single battery cavities are through; the first avoiding hole is arranged on the shell top plate corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery; the polarity terminal of each single battery extends out of the corresponding first avoiding hole, and the region of the shell top plate corresponding to the first avoiding hole is fixedly sealed with the single battery shell; the heat exchange device is a hollow box with one end open; the open end of the hollow box is fixedly sealed with the shell top plate, and the cavity formed by the hollow box and the shell top plate is used as an insulating heat exchange medium flow cavity; the partial structure of the single battery polarity terminal is located in the insulating heat exchange medium flow cavity; the second avoiding hole is arranged on the hollow box top plate corresponding to each single battery polarity terminal, and the electrical connection part of each single battery polarity terminal extends out of the corresponding second avoiding hole, and the polarity terminal and the second avoiding hole are sealed.

[0009] The venting manifold is communicated with the vent pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the venting manifold is communicated with the smoke manifold.

[0010] The utility model energy storage equipment includes a plurality of large-capacity battery assemblies, each large-capacity battery assembly includes a large-capacity battery and a heat exchange device, each large-capacity battery is by a plurality of single batteries and a shell with shared chamber constitute, place a plurality of single batteries in the shell, utilize shared chamber and the cavity of each single battery in the shell through, reduce the difference between each single battery, improve the consistency between each single battery to a certain extent, thereby improve the cycle life of large-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0011] At the same time, the heat exchange device is directly arranged on the top of the large-capacity battery, the cavity of the heat exchange device is used as a heat exchange medium containing cavity, and the part of the polarity terminal structure is located in the heat exchange device and directly contacts with the insulating heat exchange medium; the other part of the polarity terminal is located outside the heat exchange device as an electrical connection part. Compared with the indirect heat exchange scheme (such as the scheme disclosed in Chinese patent CN118299714A), first, the heat exchange path is shortened from "heat exchange medium-heat exchange part-polarity terminal" to "heat exchange medium-polarity terminal", and the heat exchange medium directly acts on the polarity terminal, which can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the large-capacity battery; secondly, the heat exchange area is increased from "the surface area of the slot" to "the part of the polarity terminal located in the heat exchange device", which can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the large-capacity battery;

[0012] Meanwhile, a vent pipe assembly in communication with the shared chamber is arranged on the shell of each large-capacity battery, and a flue gas treatment system is arranged in the energy storage device, and the vent pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery is in communication with a flue gas collector pipe of the flue gas treatment system, and the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the vent pipe assembly, the flue gas collector pipe and enters the flue gas treatment unit of the flue gas treatment system for treatment, thereby reducing the safety hazard caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0013] Further, the polar terminal is provided with a functional structure for increasing the heat exchange area of the polar terminal; the part of the polar terminal provided with the functional structure is located in the first channel. Compared with the polar terminal without the functional structure, the polar terminal has a larger heat exchange area, thereby obtaining a better heat exchange effect.

[0014] Further, the functional structure is n first annular grooves, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each first annular groove extends circumferentially along the side wall of the polar terminal, and the n first annular grooves are arranged along the height direction of the polar terminal. Compared with other functional structures, the annular groove is relatively easy to process, so that the polar terminal has a lower cost.

[0015] Further, the hollow box top plate and the hollow box side plate are separate parts; the shell includes a cylinder with two open ends and end plates sealed at the two open ends of the cylinder; the end plate is parallel to the yz plane; in the z direction, the cylinder side plate is higher than the cylinder top plate, and the part of the cylinder side plate higher than the cylinder top plate is used as a second side plate of the hollow box, wherein the second side plate is a side plate of the hollow box parallel to the xz plane. The cylinder can be integrally formed by aluminum extrusion process, which is simple and convenient to process, and at the same time, part of the structure of the cylinder side plate is used as the second side plate of the hollow box, so that when the heat exchange device is constructed, only the hollow box top plate and the first side plate need to be fixed.

[0016] Further, the heat exchange device further comprises a partition member arranged in the hollow box; the partition member extends along the x direction, and divides the hollow box into a first sub-hollow box and a second sub-hollow box.

[0017] In the z direction, the polar terminal on one side of each monomer battery protrudes through the corresponding second avoiding hole of the first sub-hollow box top plate, and the polar terminal on the other side of each monomer battery protrudes through the corresponding second avoiding hole of the second sub-hollow box top plate.

[0018] When the large-capacity battery includes a large number of monomer batteries, the x-direction size of the large-capacity battery is large, and correspondingly, the x-direction size of the hollow box is also large, which may cause the hollow box top plate to be easily deformed in the z direction. After adding the partition member, the hollow box top plate can be supported, which can well improve such problems.

[0019] Further, the partition member is a boss arranged on the shell top plate and extending along the x direction;

[0020] The shared chamber comprises a gas shared chamber and an electrolyte shared chamber;

[0021] The gas shared chamber is a first channel formed in the boss and extending along the x direction, covering the gas port of each single battery;

[0022] The electrolyte shared chamber is a second channel provided on the bottom plate of the shell and extending along the x direction, which is in communication with the electrolyte area of the inner cavity of each single battery.

[0023] The large-capacity battery itself structure (the boss for forming the gas shared chamber) is used as a partitioning member, without the need for additional introduction of external structures, so that the structure is simple and the processing cost is low.

[0024] Further, in the z direction, the size of the boss is larger than the size of the inner cavity of the hollow box body; the top plate of the hollow box body comprises a first sub-top plate and a second sub-top plate;

[0025] The first sub-top plate and the second sub-top plate are respectively sealed and fixed between the two cylinder side plates and the boss, and respectively serve as the first sub-hollow box body top plate and the second sub-hollow box body top plate.

[0026] Compared with the structure of the whole top plate of the hollow box body, the use of materials of the top plate of the hollow box body can be saved, and the cost is reduced.

[0027] Further, the large-capacity battery assembly further comprises a second insulating sealing adhesive layer; the second insulating sealing adhesive layer is laid on the top of the heat exchange device. Based on the second insulating sealing adhesive layer, the short circuit problem caused by the condensation outside the heat exchange device can be avoided, and the sealing performance of the whole heat exchange device can be further improved.

[0028] Further, the flue gas treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0029] The flue gas treatment unit of the energy storage equipment of the utility model processes the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage equipment in multiple ways to avoid the safety hazards caused by the thermal runaway flue gas after being discharged.

[0030] Further, the flue gas treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each of the liquid treatment tanks is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the (M-1)th liquid treatment tank are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0031] In the energy storage equipment, the large-capacity battery contains a certain amount of electrolyte, and the electrolyte is sprayed out of the large-capacity battery along with the thermal runaway flue gas and is treated by the liquid treatment device. The liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. Meanwhile, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby avoiding the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into the subsequent device and affecting the device behind.

[0032] Further, the flue gas treatment unit further comprises an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0033] In the energy storage equipment, the ignition device can controllably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas after ignition can be directly discharged without causing hidden dangers such as combustion explosion.

[0034] Further, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution. The alkali solution can not only sufficiently treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate flammable gas, but also can treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment by the alkali solution is greatly reduced. The treatment effect of the 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution on the thermal runaway flue gas is more prominent.

[0035] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a buffer device, the buffer device comprises at least one buffer tank, the buffer tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet which communicate with the inner cavity of the buffer tank, and the buffer device is arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment unit and is used for buffering the thermal runaway flue gas. The buffer tank is arranged at the front end of the flue gas treatment unit. The buffer tank not only buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, but also makes the thermal runaway flue gas enter the flue gas treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is sufficiently treated by the liquid treatment device. Meanwhile, the buffer tank can collect part of the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the use amount of the liquid treatment device behind.

[0036] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprises safety pipes and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipe is communicated with the smoke collecting pipe or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipe is communicated with the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipe, and the opening pressure of the safety discharge part is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion venting part. When the thermal runaway smoke pressure in the smoke collecting pipe is too large, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway smoke through the safety device, so as to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the smoke collecting pipe, and improve the safety of the thermal runaway smoke treatment.

[0037] Further, the smoke collecting pipe comprises a primary collecting pipe and a secondary collecting pipe, the primary collecting pipe is connected with the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion venting collecting pipe, and the secondary collecting pipe is connected with each primary collecting pipe to centrally transport the thermal runaway smoke in each primary collecting pipe to the smoke treatment unit.

[0038] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire-fighting unit, the secondary fire-fighting unit comprises a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipe; the fire-fighting device is provided with fire extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipe is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire-fighting device into the box of the energy storage equipment. When the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage equipment or the large-capacity battery is on fire or explodes, the secondary fire-fighting unit can prevent the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire or extinguish the fire of the large-capacity battery that has already caught fire. Through the cooperation of the primary fire-fighting unit and the secondary fire-fighting unit, the safety of the large-capacity battery of the entire energy storage equipment can be protected, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment can be further improved.

[0039] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire-fighting unit, the tertiary fire-fighting unit comprises a fire-fighting water spraying pipe and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water spraying pipe, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water spraying pipe is used for being connected with an external fire-fighting water pipe. When multiple batteries are in thermal runaway and the fire is large, or after the fire extinguishing substances in the secondary fire-fighting unit are consumed, the tertiary fire-fighting unit can continue to extinguish the fire of the batteries, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment is further improved.

[0040] The utility model discloses the beneficial effect is:

[0041] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes multiple large-capacity battery assemblies, and each large-capacity battery assembly includes large-capacity battery and heat exchange device, and each large-capacity battery is by multiple single batteries and a shell with shared chamber constitutes, and multiple single batteries are placed in the shell, utilize shared chamber and the cavity of each single battery in the shell through, reduced the difference between each single battery, promoted the consistency between each single battery to a certain extent, to a certain extent, promoted the cycle life of large-capacity battery.

[0042] Meanwhile, the heat exchange device is directly arranged on the top of the large-capacity battery, the inner cavity of the heat exchange device is used as a containing cavity of the heat exchange medium, and the polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device in the z direction, that is, the part of the structure of the polar terminal is located in the heat exchange device and directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium, and the other part of the structure of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and is used as an electrical connection part. Compared with the scheme of indirect heat exchange (such as the scheme disclosed in Chinese patent CN118299714A), first, the heat exchange path is shortened from “heat exchange medium-heat exchange part-polar terminal” to “heat exchange medium-polar terminal”, and the heat exchange medium directly acts on the polar terminal, so that the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium can be improved, and the heat exchange efficiency of the large-capacity battery can be improved; second, the heat exchange area is increased from “a certain surface area of a clamping groove” to “the part of the structure of the polar terminal located in the heat exchange device”, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the large-capacity battery can be further improved.

[0043] Meanwhile, the explosion vent pipe assembly in communication with the shared chamber is arranged on the shell of each large-capacity battery, and the smoke treatment system is arranged in the energy storage device, and the explosion vent pipe assemblies of the large-capacity batteries are in communication with the smoke collecting pipe of the smoke treatment system, so that the thermal runaway smoke enters the smoke treatment unit of the smoke treatment system through the explosion vent pipe assemblies and the smoke collecting pipe in sequence for treatment, thereby reducing the safety hazard caused by the thermal runaway smoke. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an energy storage device;

[0045] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery pack assembly;

[0046] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a large-capacity battery in embodiment 1;

[0047] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the large-capacity battery in embodiment 1;

[0048] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a single battery in embodiment 1;

[0049] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an upper cover assembly in embodiment 1;

[0050] Figure 7 FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the upper cover assembly in embodiment 1;

[0051] Figure 8 FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of the large-capacity battery in embodiment 1;

[0052] Figure 9 FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of another single battery in embodiment 1;

[0053] Figure 10 Structure diagram of another upper cover assembly in Example 1;

[0054] Figure 11 Sectional view of another upper cover assembly in Example 1;

[0055] Figure 12 Structure diagram of another large capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0056] Figure 13 Partial exploded structure diagram of another large capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0057] Figure 14 Process diagram of constructing a battery pack assembly based on a large capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0058] Figure 15 Structure diagram of a battery pack assembly constructed based on a large capacity battery assembly in Example 1;

[0059] Figure 16 Structure diagram of a large capacity battery in Example 2;

[0060] Figure 17 Sectional view of a large capacity battery in Example 2;

[0061] Figure 18 Partial exploded structure diagram of a large capacity battery in Example 2;

[0062] Figure 19 Exterior shell exploded structure diagram of a large capacity battery in Example 2;

[0063] Figure 20 Barrel structure diagram of a large capacity battery in Example 2;

[0064] Figure 21 Sectional view of a large capacity battery in Example 3;

[0065] Figure 22 Sectional view of a large capacity battery in another example;

[0066] Figure 23 Sectional view of another large capacity battery in another example;

[0067] Figure 24 Structure diagram of a large capacity battery in Example 3;

[0068] Figure 25 Sectional view of another large capacity battery in Example 3;

[0069] Figure 26Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial exploded view of a large capacity battery of another embodiment of the application;

[0070] Figure 27 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a large capacity battery of another embodiment of the application;

[0071] Figure 28 Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a large capacity battery of another embodiment of the application;

[0072] Figure 29 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a large capacity battery of another embodiment of the application;

[0073] Figure 30 Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial exploded view of a large capacity battery of another embodiment of the application;

[0074] Figure 31 Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a fire safety system of another embodiment of the application;

[0075] Figure 32 Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a primary fire unit of another embodiment of the application;

[0076] Figure 33 Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of Figure 1 Figure 11 is a close-up view of area "a" in Figure 10;

[0077] Figure 34 Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a liquid treatment device of another embodiment of the application;

[0078] Figure 35 Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid treatment tank of another embodiment of the application;

[0079] Figure 36 Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit of another embodiment of the application, which includes a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, and an ignition unit;

[0080] Figure 37 Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit of another embodiment of the application, which includes a buffer tank, a liquid treatment device, and an ignition unit;

[0081] Figure 38 Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a secondary fire unit and a tertiary fire unit of another embodiment of the application.

[0082] In the drawings:

[0083] 1, housing; 11, housing top plate; 12, housing bottom plate; 13, electrolyte sharing chamber; 14, gas sharing chamber; 120, single battery cell; 21, polarity terminal; 1211, electrical connection part; 122, electrical connection assembly; 221, first electrical connection; 222, second electrical connection; 3, first avoiding hole; 40, heat exchange device; 41, first sub heat exchange device; 42, second sub heat exchange device; 43, annular protrusion; 144, first side plate; 45, second side plate; 5, hollow box top plate; 51, second avoiding hole; 52, first sub hollow box top plate; 53, second sub hollow box top plate; 6, partition member; 7, connecting pipe; 8, via hole; 9, second insulating sealant layer; 10, first insulating sealant layer; 15, sealing connector; 16, support member; 17, boss; 18, liquid inlet; 19, cylinder; 191, cylinder side plate; 192, cylinder top plate; 20, end plate; 123, first annular sealing gasket; 125, first annular groove; 127, insulating rubber sleeve; 28, upper cover plate; 29, lower cover plate; 30, second unpacking member; 31, step structure; 132, through hole; 33, partition rib plate; 61, battery pack; 62, large-capacity battery assembly; 63, large-capacity battery; 64, insulating protective cover;

[0084] 2, fire safety system; 020, primary fire unit; 021, secondary fire unit; 022, tertiary fire unit; 211, primary manifold; 2120, secondary manifold; 22, flue gas treatment unit; 230, liquid treatment device; 2301, liquid treatment tank; 2302, connecting pipeline; 2303, flue gas inlet; 2304, flue gas outlet; 2305, liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306, drainage pipe; 2307, shunt part; 2308, spiral baffle; 2210, ignition device; 2220, safety pipeline; 2230, safety discharge part; 231, solid treatment tank; 2321, flue gas pipeline; 2322, smoke exhaust pipe; 2323, igniter; 2324, trigger; 2325, fire retardant; 234, buffer tank; 2341, smoke inlet; 2342, smoke outlet; 24, fire extinguishing device; 25, fire extinguishing pipeline; 26, fire extinguishing water spray pipeline; 27, water mist nozzle;

[0085] 32, explosion vent manifold; 335, explosion vent pipe assembly; 310, first explosion vent member; 320, second explosion vent member; 3110, first hollow pipe; 321, first interface; 322, second interface; 323, third interface; 4, flexible pipe section; 1148, first through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] For the above purposes, features and advantages of the present application to be more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0087] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0088] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship of the terms "top, bottom" and the like indicated in the drawings is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. In addition, the terms "first, second, third, fourth, etc." are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0089] As Figure 1 shown, the present application discloses a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system 2 and at least one battery pack component.

[0090] Fire safety system 2 includes primary fire unit 020, primary fire unit 020 includes smoke gas busbar and smoke gas processing unit, smoke gas busbar is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke gas generated by each battery pack component into smoke gas processing unit, and smoke gas processing unit is used to process thermal runaway smoke gas;

[0091] As Figure 2 shown, each battery pack component includes explosion venting busbar 32 and at least one large-capacity battery pack 62.

[0092] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, each large-capacity battery pack 62 includes large-capacity battery 63 and heat exchange device 40;

[0093] Large-capacity battery 63 includes shell 1 and multiple single batteries 120;Multiple single batteries 120 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the inner cavity of shell 1.

[0094] Generally, a rectangular shell 1 is adopted, for the convenience of description, the length direction of the shell 1 is defined as the x direction, the width direction of the shell 1 is defined as the y direction, and the height direction of the shell 1 is defined as the z direction.

[0095] The shell 1 structure is not limited in the utility model, and at least the following two structures can be adopted.

[0096] The first structure includes a cylinder with two open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is an open end) and end plates fixed at the two open ends of the cylinder (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane);

[0097] The second structure includes a cylinder with the top and bottom being open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is an open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed at the top and bottom open ends of the cylinder (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate can be an integral structure with the cylinder);

[0098] A shared chamber is arranged in the shell 1.

[0099] It should be noted that:

[0100] The shared chamber can be an electrolyte shared chamber 13, and the inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 13 and the inner cavities of the single batteries 120 are communicated. The electrolyte shared chamber 13 can make the single batteries 120 in a unified electrolyte environment, ensure the uniformity of the electrolyte in the single batteries 120, and improve the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 63. The electrolyte shared chamber 13 is a liquid passage extending along the length direction of the shell 1 between the shell bottom plate 12 and the single batteries 120. The liquid passage can be integrally formed with the shell bottom plate 12 or formed by arranging a support 16 between the single battery 120 lower cover plate 29 and the shell bottom plate 12. It should be noted that in the shell 1 of the first structure, the shell bottom plate 12 is a cylinder bottom plate; and in the shell 1 of the second structure, the shell bottom plate 12 is a bottom plate.

[0101] The shared chamber can also be a gas shared chamber 14 arranged on the shell top plate 11, and the gas shared chamber 14 covers the gas ports on the top of the single batteries 120 in the large-capacity battery 63.

[0102] It should be noted that in the shell 1 of the first structure, the shell top plate 11 is a cylinder top plate; and in the shell 1 of the second structure, the shell top plate 11 is a top plate.

[0103] It should be further noted that the gas port includes the following two meanings:

[0104] 1) The gas port is a first through hole directly arranged on the upper cover plate 28 of the single battery 120 and penetrating the inner cavity of the single battery 120;

[0105] At this time, the cavity in the gas sharing chamber 14 communicates with the gas area in the cavity of each single battery 120 through the gas port. Based on the gas sharing chamber 14, the gas areas of each single battery 120 can be communicated, gas balance can be achieved, the consistency of each single battery 120 can be ensured, and the cycle life of the large-capacity battery 63 is improved to a certain extent; when thermal runaway occurs in any single battery 120, the flue gas in the cavity of the single battery 120 enters the gas sharing chamber 14 and is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 14, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 63.

[0106] 2) The gas port is a venting port or explosion-proof port provided on the cover plate 28 of the single battery 120, and a venting membrane is arranged at the venting port or explosion-proof port;

[0107] At this time, the gas sharing chamber 14 is used as a venting channel. When the venting membrane at the gas port of any single battery 120 is broken by the cavity flue gas, the cavity of the single battery 120 communicates with the gas sharing chamber 14, and the flue gas in the cavity is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 14, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 63.

[0108] The above-mentioned sharing chamber can also be a gas-liquid sharing chamber. Through one gas-liquid sharing chamber, each single battery 120 can be in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 63.

[0109] In order to facilitate the electrical connection of such a large-capacity battery 63, a first avoiding hole 3 is formed in the shell top plate 11 (in the first structure of the shell 1, the shell top plate 11 here is a cylinder top plate; in the second structure of the shell 1, the shell top plate 11 here is a top plate) corresponding to each single battery 120 polarity terminal 21; each single battery 120 polarity terminal 21 extends out of the corresponding first avoiding hole 3 as the polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 63, and the region of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 3 is fixedly sealed with the single battery 120 shell, so that the part of the first avoiding hole 3 of the shell top plate 11 is sealed.

[0110] It should be noted that the single battery 120 polarity terminal 21 described herein can be a single battery 120 pole, and if the single battery 120 pole cannot be smoothly extended out of the first avoiding hole 3 or the height of the single battery 120 pole extended out of the first avoiding hole 3 does not meet the set requirements when the single battery 120 pole is used as the polarity terminal 21, a pole adapter can also be connected to the single battery 120 pole, and the overall structure of the single battery 120 pole and the pole adapter matched together can be used as the single battery 120 polarity terminal 21.

[0111] The heat exchange device 40 is used for heat exchange of the large-capacity battery 63. The heat exchange here can be understood as heat dissipation of the large-capacity battery 63 or heating of the large-capacity battery 63; when the temperature of the large-capacity battery 63 is higher than a set threshold, the large-capacity battery 63 is cooled by introducing a heat transfer medium with a lower temperature into the heat exchange device 40; when the temperature of the large-capacity battery 63 is lower than a set threshold, the large-capacity battery 63 is heated by introducing a heat transfer medium with a higher temperature into the heat exchange device 40; by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, it can be ensured that the large-capacity battery 63 always operates at a normal working temperature.

[0112] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the above-mentioned large-capacity battery, the utility model adopts the similar invention concept as Chinese patent CN118299714A, that is, mainly heat-exchanging the polarity terminal of the single battery which is relatively concentrated in heat, but different from Chinese patent CN118299714A is, the utility model considers, through optimizing the heat exchange structure, adopts the direct heat exchange mode, makes the polarity terminal and the heat exchange medium direct contact, realizes the heat exchange of the polarity terminal, relative to the effect that the heat exchange medium indirectly heat exchanges the polarity terminal through the heat exchange piece, first of short heat exchange path, can improve the utilization efficiency of heat exchange medium, second, has larger heat exchange area, improves the heat exchange efficiency, and further can improve the heat exchange efficiency of this kind of large-capacity battery.

[0113] Based on the invention concept, the utility model discloses the heat exchange device directly formed on the top of the shell by abandoning the heat exchange piece, and specifically adopts a hollow box body with one end open as the heat exchange device, the space between the hollow box body and the top plate of the shell is used as the heat exchange medium flow cavity, and the polarity terminal is penetrated in the z direction through the heat exchange device, that is, part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located in the heat exchange device and directly contacts the insulating heat exchange medium, and the other part of the structure of the polarity terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and is used as an electrical connection part.

[0114] It should be noted that:

[0115] 1. Since the polarity terminal of the utility model directly contacts the heat exchange medium, the ideal heat exchange medium should have good insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardant performance, low cost, suitable working temperature, long service life, no corrosion, etc. In the utility model, the insulating heat exchange medium is the common insulating heat exchange medium in the prior art, which can be but is not limited to insulating oil and fluorinated liquid, etc.

[0116] 2、When the heat exchange device is in contact with the positive and negative polarity terminals of the same single battery at the same time, if the heat exchange device conducts electricity, the positive and negative polarity terminals of the same single battery are directly conducted through the heat exchange device, resulting in a short circuit; therefore, the heat exchange device is preferably made of insulating material; when non-insulating material is used, an insulating sealing ring can be added between the polarity terminal and the heat exchange device to overcome this problem; the heat exchange device can also be insulated, such as by spraying insulating paint or wrapping an insulating film; for safety, multiple insulation methods can be combined to overcome this problem.

[0117] As shown in Figure 3 , the housing of the above-mentioned large-capacity battery 63 is also provided with a vent pipe assembly 335 in communication with the shared chamber; in combination with Figure 2 It can be seen that, in each battery pack assembly, the venting manifold 32 is in communication with the vent pipe assembly 335 of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the venting manifold 32 of each battery pack assembly is in communication with the smoke manifold in the entire energy storage device.

[0118] The specific structure of the battery pack assembly, the large-capacity battery assembly 62, the fire safety system 2, and the energy storage device will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0119] Embodiment 1

[0120] This embodiment is a battery pack assembly, as shown in Figure 2 , which includes a venting manifold 32 and 13 large-capacity battery assemblies 62. In other embodiments, the number of large-capacity battery assemblies 62 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0121] The large-capacity battery assembly 62, the specific structure can be seen from Figures 3 to 13 .

[0122] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the large-capacity battery assembly 62 includes a large-capacity battery 63 and a heat exchange device 40.

[0123] The large-capacity battery 63 of this embodiment includes a housing 1 and 12 single batteries 120 arranged in the inner cavity of the housing 1 along the x direction.

[0124] The single battery 120 in this embodiment is a square cell, and the number is 12. The inner cavity of each single battery 120 includes an electrolyte area and a gas area. In other embodiments, the number of single batteries 120 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0125] The structure of the single battery 120 is shown in Figure 5 , which includes a housing and an electrode assembly and electrolyte in the housing; wherein the housing is enclosed by an outer cylinder, a lower cover assembly and an upper cover assembly.

[0126] The lower cover assembly of this embodiment includes a lower cover plate 29, and a second opening piece 30 may be provided on the lower cover plate 29. The second opening piece 30 can be separated from the lower cover plate 29 of the single battery 120 under the action of external force or electrolyte, and form a through hole penetrating the inner cavity of the outer shell in the lower cover plate 29; the second opening piece 30 is an existing structure, for example, the opening piece disclosed in Chinese patent CN221327991 U, the sealing device disclosed in Chinese patent CN117476997A, and the opening device disclosed in CN117477117A, etc.

[0127] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The figures are a schematic structural diagram and a cross-sectional view of the upper cover assembly of the single cell 120, respectively, including an upper cover plate 28 and two polarity terminals 21 located on the upper cover plate 28. The two polarity terminals 21 have opposite polarities and serve as the positive and negative polarity terminals 21 of the single cell 120, respectively.

[0128] It should be noted that insulation is maintained between the polarity terminal 21 and the upper cover plate 28. The insulation can be maintained by pouring insulating glue or providing an insulating rubber sleeve 127. As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment uses an insulating rubber sleeve 127 to achieve insulation between the two.

[0129] This embodiment may also include a first opening member on the upper cover plate 28, located between the two polarity terminals 21. Under the influence of external force or electrolyte, the first opening member can be separated from the upper cover plate 28 of the single battery 120, forming a through hole in the upper cover plate 28 that penetrates the inner cavity of the outer shell. The first opening member may also adopt existing structures, such as the first opening member disclosed in Chinese Patent CN221327991U, the sealing device disclosed in Chinese Patent CN117476997A, and the opening device disclosed in CN117477117A. The structure of the first opening member may be the same as or different from that of the second opening member 30.

[0130] In this embodiment, the polarity terminal 21 is cylindrical, and two first annular grooves 125 can be defined on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 21. The two first annular grooves 125 are arranged along the height of the polarity terminal 21, and each first annular groove 125 extends circumferentially along the sidewall of the polarity terminal 21. The two first grooves can increase the heat exchange area of ​​this portion of the polarity terminal 21. When this portion is placed within the inner cavity of the heat exchange device 40, it has a larger heat exchange area than a polarity terminal 21 with smooth sidewalls, thereby achieving better heat exchange effects.

[0131] In some other embodiments, the number of the first annular grooves 125 and their dimensions such as groove width and groove depth can be adjusted as required, specifically on the premise that the conductive performance of the polarity terminal 21 is not affected.

[0132] In other embodiments, other structures can also be processed on the polar terminal 21 to increase the heat exchange area of the polar terminal 21. In order to facilitate the description, the structures that can increase the heat exchange area of the polar terminal 21 are collectively referred to as functional structures in the utility model. Such functional structures can include point-shaped pits, protrusions and the like located on the side wall of the polar terminal 21. Relative to the above-mentioned functional structures, the first annular groove 125 structure of the embodiment is convenient to process and has a lower processing cost.

[0133] In the embodiment, other functional structures can also be used, which can be referred to as Figures 9 to 11 In the embodiment, other functional structures can also be used, which can be referred to as

[0134] The center axis of the through hole 132 is parallel to the plane where the upper cover plate 28 is located. In other embodiments, the extension line of the center axis of the through hole 132 can have a certain included angle with the upper cover plate 28, and the included angle is not equal to 90°.

[0135] In order to further optimize the heat exchange effect, four partition rib plates 33 can also be arranged in the through hole 132. The four partition rib plates 33 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the through hole 132, and each partition rib plate 33 extends along the axis of the through hole 132. Based on the four partition rib plates 33, the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the polar terminal 21 can be increased, that is, the heat exchange area is increased, and thus the heat exchange effect can be effectively improved.

[0136] In other embodiments, according to the size of the channel, the number and arrangement of the partition rib plates 33 can be adjusted, provided that the flow of the heat exchange medium is not affected.

[0137] In addition, the utility model does not limit the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 21. For example, unlike the embodiment, in other embodiments, a cylindrical body with a rectangular cross section can also be used as the polar terminal 21.

[0138] In the embodiment, at least one level of step structure 31 (see Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 ) is arranged on the side wall of the polar terminal 21 along the circumference of the polar terminal 21, which is used to position the heat exchange device 40 and realize the sealing between the second avoiding hole 51 of the heat exchange device 40 and the polar terminal 21.

[0139] The shell top plate 11 is provided with a first avoiding hole 3 through which each single battery 120 polarity terminal 21 extends. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the single battery 120 polarity terminal 21 in this embodiment is a single battery 120 pole, which has a higher height than the conventional single battery 120 pole. Each single battery 120 polarity terminal 21 extends out of the corresponding first avoiding hole 3, and a sealing connector 15 is additionally arranged between the first avoiding hole 3 and the polarity terminal 21, so as to realize the fixed sealing of the area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 3 and the shell body of the single battery 120.

[0140] The sealing connector 15 comprises a hollow member; the bottom of the hollow member is used for sealing connection with the first area of the single battery 120, and the top of the hollow member is sealingly connected with the second area of the shell top plate 11; wherein the first area is the area around any polarity terminal 21 on the single battery 120 upper cover plate 28 of any single battery 120; wherein the area around the polarity terminal 21 is the area around the insulating rubber sleeve 127 on the polarity terminal 21. The insulating rubber sleeve 127 is a part for insulating the polarity terminal 21 and the single battery 120 upper cover plate 28. The second area is the area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to any one of the first avoiding holes 3. The area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 3 is the peripheral area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to any one of the first avoiding holes 3; or the area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 3 is the hole wall of the first avoiding hole 3.

[0141] In other embodiments, glue can also be injected into the annular gap between the first avoiding hole 120 and the polarity terminal 21, so as to realize the fixed sealing of the area of the shell top plate 125 corresponding to the first avoiding hole 120 and the shell body of the single battery 120.

[0142] A support 16 extending along the x direction is arranged between the shell bottom plate 12 and each single battery 120, so as to form a second channel as an electrolyte sharing chamber 13.

[0143] A boss 17 extending along the x direction is arranged on the shell top plate 11, and a first channel is arranged on the boss 17, which penetrates the inner cavity of the shell 1 and serves as a gas sharing chamber 14, and is in communication with the gas area in the inner cavity of each single battery 120; after the inner cavity of the single battery 120 produces gas, the inner cavity of the first channel can also serve as a gas containing chamber, so as to relieve the problem of the shell 1 swelling due to gas production. In other embodiments, the boss 17 structure can not be arranged, and each single battery 120 can be in gas communication through the through hole penetrating the inner cavity thereof, so as to achieve gas balance.

[0144] In other embodiments, only the electrolyte sharing chamber 13 or the gas sharing chamber 14 can be arranged.

[0145] The heat exchange device 40 is arranged on the top of the shell 1. In order to make the large-capacity battery structure compact, the heat exchange device 40 is usually a component with a shape and size suitable for the top plate 11 of the shell. After the heat exchange device 40 is fixed on the top of the shell 1, the polar terminal 21 penetrates the heat exchange device 40 in the z direction, that is, part of the structure of the polar terminal 21 is located in the heat exchange device 40 (when the polar terminal is provided with a functional structure, the part provided with the functional structure is located in the heat exchange device 40), and directly contacts with the heat exchange medium. The other part of the structure of the polar terminal 21 is located outside the heat exchange device 40, serving as the electrical connection part 1211.

[0146] The structure of the heat exchange device 40 can be specifically referred to Figure 4 The hollow box body with one end open is suitable in size for the top plate 11 of the shell. In this embodiment, the top plate 11 of the shell is a rectangular plate, so the hollow box body is a cubic box body. A second avoiding hole 51 corresponding to the polar terminal 21 of each single battery 120 is arranged on the top plate 5 of the cubic box body opposite to the open end (see Figure 3 ).

[0147] When the heat exchange device 40 with such a structure is fixed on the top of the shell 1, it needs to be buckled on the top of the shell 1 and sealed with the shell 1 (here, the shell 1 can be the top plate 11 of the shell, or the side plate of the shell 1, which includes the side plate of the shell 1 parallel to the xz plane and parallel to the yz plane) at the open end. The space between the hollow box body and the top plate 11 of the shell is used as a heat exchange medium flow cavity. The part of the polar terminal 21 of each single battery 120 provided with a functional structure is located in the heat exchange medium flow cavity. The electrical connection part 1211 of the polar terminal 21 of each single battery 120 extends out of the top plate 5 of the hollow box body corresponding to the second avoiding hole 51, and the polar terminal 21 and the second avoiding hole 51 are sealed.

[0148] In this embodiment, the part of the polar terminal 21 provided with a functional structure is located in the heat exchange device 40 and directly contacts with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device 40, which has a good heat exchange effect. At the same time, the heat exchange medium can also directly contact with the top plate 11 of the shell and act on the top plate 11 of the shell, further improving the heat exchange effect of the large-capacity battery.

[0149] The hollow box body of the embodiment is selected to be open at one end of insulating material, and the hollow box body is buckled on the top plate 11 of the shell. In order to ensure that the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 of each single battery 120 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 51 on the top plate 5 of the hollow box body, the area of the second avoiding hole 51 in the xy plane needs to be slightly larger than the area of the corresponding polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 in the xy plane, and in the z direction, the vertical distance between the bottom end of the polar terminal 21 and the top plate 5 of the hollow box body needs to be smaller than the size of the polar terminal 21; it is ensured that the corresponding polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 51.

[0150] In some cases, the cross-sectional area of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 and the rest is completely equal, so it can be considered that only "the area of the second avoiding hole 51 in the xy plane needs to be slightly larger than the area of the corresponding polar terminal 21 in the xy plane, and in the z direction, the vertical distance between the bottom end of the polar terminal 21 and the top plate 5 of the hollow box body needs to be smaller than the size of the polar terminal 21", that is, it is ensured that the corresponding polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 51.

[0151] Generally, the shape of the second avoiding hole 51 is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211. If the second avoiding hole 51 is a circular hole and the cross-section of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 is circular, the diameter of the second avoiding hole 51 needs to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211; if the second avoiding hole 51 is a square hole and the cross-section of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 is square, the area of the second avoiding hole 51 needs to be slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211. Of course, the shape of the second avoiding hole 51 can also not be matched with the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211, as long as it is ensured that the polar terminal 21 electric connection part 1211 can smoothly pass through the corresponding second avoiding hole 51 and can realize the sealing between them.

[0152] When the heat exchange medium adopts a liquid heat exchange medium, the sealing performance of the hollow box body is particularly important. In order to ensure the sealing performance of the hollow box body, Figure 8As can be seen, the first insulating sealant layer 10 can be laid on the stepped surface of the polarity terminal 21, when the electrical connection part 1211 of the polarity terminal 21 extends out of the second avoiding hole 51 corresponding to the hollow box top plate 5, the area around the second avoiding hole 51 of the hollow box top plate 5 is crimped on the first insulating sealant layer 10, at the same time, the first insulating sealant layer 10 penetrates into the gap between the second avoiding hole 51 and the polarity terminal 21, and the sealing between the polarity terminal 21 and the second avoiding hole 51 is initially realized. In the embodiment, the first annular sealing gasket 123 can also be sleeved on each polarity terminal 21, and the inner ring surface of the first annular sealing gasket 123 is tightly attached to the polarity terminal 21, and the bottom surface is crimped on the hollow box top plate 5, so as to realize the secondary sealing of the gap between the polarity terminal 21 and the second avoiding hole 51.

[0153] It should be noted that:

[0154] The material of the first annular sealing gasket 123 and the sealing connection mode between the first annular sealing gasket 123 and the polarity terminal 21 and the hollow box top plate 5 can be selected according to the material of the hollow box top plate 5. For example, in the embodiment, the hollow box top plate 5 is made of insulating material, so the first annular sealing gasket 123 made of metal material can be selected, the first annular sealing gasket 123 and the polarity terminal 21 can be sealingly connected by welding, and the first annular sealing gasket 123 and the hollow box top plate 5 can be sealingly connected by bonding. When the hollow box top plate 5 is made of metal material, the first annular sealing gasket 123 and the polarity terminal 21 and the hollow box top plate 5 can be sealingly connected by welding.

[0155] In other embodiments, an O-shaped sealing ring can also be sleeved between the polarity terminal 21 and the second avoiding hole 51 to realize the sealing therebetween.

[0156] An annular groove (see Figure 4 ) is arranged on the shell top plate 11, an annular protrusion 43 matched with the annular groove is arranged on the open end face of the hollow box, the annular protrusion 43 is inserted into the annular groove, and sealant is coated at the matching part to realize the sealing and fixing of the hollow box and the shell top plate 11. In other embodiments, a flange connection can also be used to realize the sealing and fixing of the hollow box and the shell 1.

[0157] In other embodiments, a hollow box with one end open and made of metal material can be selected. In order to ensure the insulation between the polarity terminal 21 and the second avoiding hole 51, an O-shaped insulating sealing ring can be additionally arranged therebetween to realize the insulation and the sealing therebetween. The open end of the hollow box and the shell 1 can be sealingly and fixedly connected by welding.

[0158] In addition, when the heat exchange medium is a liquid heat exchange medium, the heat exchange devices 40 of the large-capacity batteries can be connected in parallel or in series when the battery pack is formed based on such large-capacity batteries, and therefore, the liquid inlet 18 and the liquid outlet need to be provided on the heat exchange device 40, as shown in Figure 3 The first side plate 144 of the hollow box body is provided with the liquid inlet 18 and the liquid outlet 18 (the liquid outlet is not shown in the figure). Figure 3 The height of the boss 17 for forming the gas sharing chamber 14 provided on the shell top plate 11 in the z direction is lower than the height of the cavity of the heat exchange device 40.

[0159] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 4 , in the z direction, the height of the boss 17 for forming the gas sharing chamber 14 provided on the shell top plate 11 is lower than the height of the cavity of the heat exchange device 40.

[0160] As shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 of the embodiment includes a first explosion vent member 310 and a second explosion vent member 320. The first explosion vent member 310 includes a first hollow pipe 3110, which is provided with an explosion vent film inside, and is used to be connected with the shell 1. In order to fix the first explosion vent member 310 at the first through hole 1148 of the shell 1, an annular plate is provided on the outer wall of one end of the first hollow pipe 3110, and the annular plate is connected with the periphery of the first through hole 1148 by friction welding. The second explosion vent member 320 is a tee pipe, the first interface 321 of which is connected with the first explosion vent member 310, and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively used to be connected with the flexible pipe section 4 constituting the explosion vent manifold 32 (see Figure 14 ). The first interface 321 is the joint of the vertical pipe of the tee pipe, which is parallel to the x direction, and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively the joints of the two ends of the horizontal pipe of the tee pipe, which is parallel to the y direction. Figure 13 Figure 13 The first interface 321 and the first explosion vent member 310 can be connected by thread connection, welding or interference fit. In the embodiment, a loose tee pipe is selected, that is, a loose nut is connected to one end of the vertical pipe of the tee pipe as a loose joint. An external thread is provided on the outer wall of one end of the first explosion vent member 310 connected with the second explosion vent member 320. The loose joint of the second explosion vent member 320 is threadedly connected with the external thread of the outer wall of the first explosion vent member 310. The loose joint can be directly connected with the first explosion vent member 310, and a sealing gasket is provided on the free end of the first explosion vent member 310 to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part.

[0161] The first interface 321 and the first explosion vent member 310 can be connected by thread connection, welding or interference fit. In the embodiment, a loose tee pipe is selected, that is, a loose nut is connected to one end of the vertical pipe of the tee pipe as a loose joint. An external thread is provided on the outer wall of one end of the first explosion vent member 310 connected with the second explosion vent member 320. The loose joint of the second explosion vent member 320 is threadedly connected with the external thread of the outer wall of the first explosion vent member 310. The loose joint can be directly connected with the first explosion vent member 310, and a sealing gasket is provided on the free end of the first explosion vent member 310 to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part.

[0162] ​In assembling the battery pack assembly, first, each tee pipe is fixed on the corresponding first explosion venting member 310 to form a large-capacity battery assembly 62 with an explosion venting pipe assembly 335, then a plurality of large-capacity battery assemblies 62 are arranged in a set direction, and finally, adjacent two tee pipes are connected by using a flexible pipe section 4, as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15 Figure 15 only schematically show the outermost two large-capacity battery assemblies 62.

[0163] Since the embodiment adopts a spliced explosion venting manifold 32, and the intermediate connecting pipe section is a flexible pipe section 4, the installation error of the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 and the spacing deviation between the large-capacity battery assemblies 62 can be compensated based on the deformation of the flexible pipe section 4, thereby reducing the installation difficulty of the explosion venting manifold 32.

[0164] It should be noted that, in order to further improve safety, the explosion venting manifold 32 and the large-capacity battery assembly 62 should be insulated, such as using a flexible pipe section 4 and / or a tee pipe made of an insulating and high-temperature-resistant (thermal runaway smoke temperature) material, and / or adding an insulating pipe section between the first explosion venting pipe and the tee pipe, and the like.

[0165] Embodiment 2

[0166] Unlike Embodiment 1, this embodiment uses part of the structure of the shell 1 as part of the heat exchange device 40 (a hollow box body with one end open).

[0167] As shown in Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 , in this embodiment, part of the side plate of the shell 1 (the side plate is parallel to the xz plane) is used as the second side plate 45 (the second side plate 45 is a side plate parallel to the xz plane) of the heat exchange device 40.

[0168] The structure of the shell 1 of this embodiment will be described in detail below in combination with Figure 19 and Figure 20 .

[0169] As shown in Figure 19 , it is an explosion structure diagram of the shell 1 of this embodiment, which is disassembled into a cylinder 19 with both ends open and an end plate 20 covering the open end of the cylinder 19. The structure of the cylinder 19 is shown in Figure 20 , both ends of the cylinder 19 are open ends, i.e., the open end of the cylinder 19 is parallel to the yz plane; in the z direction, the height of the cylinder side plate 191 is higher than the height of the cylinder top plate 192; the part of the cylinder side plate 191 higher than the cylinder top plate 192 is used as the second side plate 45 of the heat exchange device 40.

[0170] ​A gas sharing chamber 14 is provided on the top plate 192 of the cylinder along the x-direction. The gas sharing chamber 14 is in communication with the gas areas inside the individual cells 120 .

[0171] The cylinder 19 can be integrally formed by aluminum extrusion process, which is convenient to process. At the same time, it has better sealing performance compared with the split structure.

[0172] In this embodiment, the heat exchange device 40 can be assembled through the following process:

[0173] like Figure 18 As shown, the two first side panels 144 of the heat exchange device 40 are respectively fixed and sealed at the two ends of the two second side panels 45, and the hollow box top panel 5 is sealed and fixed to the first side panels 144 and the second side panels 45; the installation order of the hollow box top panel 5 and the first side panel 144 is not specifically limited, that is, the hollow box top panel 5 can be installed first and then the first side panel 144, or the first side panel 144 can be installed first and then the hollow box top panel 5.

[0174] like Figure 17 As shown, in order to facilitate the fixation of the hollow box top plate 5, this embodiment provides a step structure on the cylinder side plate 191, and lays a first insulating sealant layer 10 on the step surface. The hollow box top plate 5 is sealed and fixed to the cylinder side plate 191 through the first insulating sealant layer 10.

[0175] In some other embodiments, the two first side panels 144 may be integrated with the end panel 20 of the outer shell 1 , and when constructing the heat exchange device 40 , it is only necessary to fix the hollow box top panel 5 .

[0176] Example 3

[0177] Unlike the above embodiment, in this embodiment, a dividing member 6 is provided in the heat exchange device 40 along the x-direction to divide the heat exchange device 40 into a first sub-heat exchange device 41 and a second sub-heat exchange device 42; the polarity terminal 21 of each single battery 120 on one side passes through the first sub-heat exchange device 41, and the polarity terminal 21 of each single battery 120 on the other side passes through the second sub-heat exchange device 42.

[0178] Figures 21 to 23 Taking Example 2 as an example, the partition member 6 is added. Specifically, a partition member 6 extending along the x-direction is provided within a hollow housing with one end open, dividing the hollow housing into a first sub-hollow housing and a second sub-hollow housing. The first sub-hollow housing and the second sub-hollow housing serve as the first sub-heat exchange device 41 and the second sub-heat exchange device 42, respectively. In the z-direction, the polarity terminals 21 of each battery cell 120 on one side extend out of the top plate 52 of the first sub-hollow housing, corresponding to the second avoidance hole 51. The polarity terminals 21 of each battery cell 120 on the other side extend out of the top plate 53 of the second sub-hollow housing, corresponding to the second avoidance hole 51.

[0179] As Figure 21 shown in the embodiment, the boss 17 for forming the gas sharing chamber 14 arranged on the shell top plate 11 is taken as the partition member 6. In addition, in the embodiment, in order to ensure that the first and second sub hollow boxes are completely independent, the size of the boss 17 is greater than the size of the inner cavity of the heat exchange device 40 in the z direction, and the hollow box top plate 5 is divided into a first sub top plate and a second sub top plate; the two long edges of the first and second sub top plates are respectively sealed and fixed with the cylinder side plate 191 and the boss 17; that is, as shown in Figure 17 , the first sub top plate is sealed and fixed between one of the cylinder side plates 191 and the boss 17 as the first sub hollow box top plate 52; and the second sub top plate is sealed and fixed between the other cylinder side plate 191 and the boss 17 as the second sub hollow box top plate 53.

[0180] As Figure 21 can be seen, the embodiment sets a step structure on the boss 17, lays the first insulating sealing glue layer 10 on the step surface, and press-bonds the first and second sub top plates on the first insulating sealing glue layer 10 to achieve fixation.

[0181] In some other embodiments, the size of the boss 17 in the z direction can be slightly smaller than the size of the inner cavity of the heat exchange device 40, as shown in Figure 22 , in which case it is necessary to ensure the sealing between the top end of the boss 17 and the hollow box top plate 5.

[0182] In some other embodiments, the hollow box can also be divided into a first sub hollow box and a second sub hollow box by using the partition member 6 shown in Figure 23 , which are respectively taken as a first sub heat exchange device 41 and a second sub heat exchange device 42. Figure 23 In the embodiment, a baffle is arranged on the inner surface of the hollow box top plate 5 in the x direction, and the baffle is tightly sealed with the shell top plate 11 after the hollow box top plate 5 is fixed on the cylinder side plate 191.

[0183] The first and second sub hollow boxes can be connected in parallel, or can be connected in series, for example, as shown in Figure 24 , Figure 25 and Figure 26 . Figure 24 In the embodiment, a communication interface is formed on the first side plate 144 of the first and second sub hollow boxes, which can be defined as a first through hole and a second through hole respectively, and the first and second through holes are connected based on the external connecting pipe 7 to achieve the series connection of the first and second sub hollow boxes. Figure 25 and Figure 26In this embodiment, the through hole 8 (the through hole 8 is isolated from the first channel as the gas sharing chamber 14) is directly formed on the boss 17 to realize the series connection of the first sub hollow box and the second sub hollow box. Figure 24 As shown in the structure, Figure 25 The structure is relatively simple, and the size of the large capacity battery in the length direction can be reduced, and the energy density of the large capacity battery can be improved.

[0184] Embodiment 4

[0185] Different from the above embodiment, the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 is laid on the top of the heat exchange device 40 on the basis of the above embodiment.

[0186] The specific structure is as shown in Figure 27 and Figure 28 Taking the example of adding the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 on the basis of the embodiment 3, the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 is covered on the top plate 52 of the first sub hollow box, the top plate 53 of the second sub hollow box and the top surface of the boss 17.

[0187] As can be seen from Figures 27 to 28 , the electrical connection part 1211 of the polar terminal 21 in this embodiment extends out of the second insulating sealing glue layer 9, so as to be connected with the electrical connection component. The electrical connection component is the electrical connection component for realizing the parallel connection of each single battery 120 in the large capacity battery and / or the series connection of adjacent large capacity batteries.

[0188] Laying the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 on the top of the heat exchange device 40 has at least the following advantages:

[0189] I. Further improve the sealing performance of each part of the heat exchange device 40;

[0190] Specifically, the second insulating sealing glue constituting the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 penetrates into the gap between the second avoiding hole 51 and the polar terminal 21, and further seals the gap in the radial direction; the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 is covered on the connecting part of the top plate 52 of the first sub hollow box and the boss 17 and the connecting part of the top plate 53 of the second sub hollow box and the boss 17, which can further improve the sealing performance of the part.

[0191] II. Anti-condensation;

[0192] During long-term use, due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat exchange device 40, condensation may be generated on the surface. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit problem. By laying the second insulating sealing glue layer 9 on the top of the heat exchange device 40, when the condensation is generated on the surface of the heat exchange device 40, the battery short circuit can be prevented under the protection of the second insulating sealing glue layer 9.

[0193] In addition, the large-capacity battery assembly 62 can further be provided with an insulating protective cover 64 (as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 12 shown) on the top. In this embodiment, part of the structure of the insulating protective cover 64 is used as a glue injection mold, and after the glue injection is completed, demolding is not required, and the bonding strength of the insulating protective cover 64 and the top of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 can be improved. In addition, if the polarity terminal is directly exposed to the external environment, there is a great safety hazard due to the electrification of the polarity terminal during use. Therefore, by providing the insulating protective cover 64 on the top of the large-capacity battery assembly 62, the polarity terminal can also be provided with insulation protection, avoiding the safety hazard that may exist due to the exposure of the polarity terminal during the operation of the large-capacity battery assembly 62, and also avoiding the problem that foreign matter in the external environment falls into the position of the polarity terminal, causing the large-capacity battery assembly 62 to short circuit, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery assembly 62.

[0194] Embodiment 5

[0195] Unlike the above embodiments, as shown in Figure 29 and Figure 30 , the large-capacity battery of this embodiment further includes an electrical connector assembly 122; the electrical connector assembly 122 includes a first electrical connector 221 and a second electrical connector 222, wherein the first electrical connector 221 is a long strip-shaped electrical connection plate, extending along the x direction, connected to the electrical connection part 1211 of all monomer batteries 120 on the same side of the polarity terminal 21 in the large-capacity battery, realizing parallel connection of each monomer battery 120 in the large-capacity battery; the second electrical connector 222 is a z-shaped connecting plate, corresponding to each monomer battery 120 polarity terminal 21, one end is connected to the electrical connection part 1211 of the corresponding monomer battery 120 polarity terminal 21, and the other end is a free end, used for connecting the free end of the second electrical connector 222 of another large-capacity battery, realizing series connection between large-capacity batteries.

[0196] After the electrical connection assembly and the electrical connection part 1211 of the monomer battery 120 polarity terminal 21 are connected in this embodiment, a second insulating sealant layer 9 is laid on the top of the heat exchange device 40, that is, the second insulating sealant layer 9 completely covers the monomer battery 120 polarity terminal 21 and the connection part of the electrical connection assembly and the polarity terminal 21; in the entire large-capacity battery, after the shell 1 is insulated, only the free end of the second electrical connector 222 is exposed and charged, and the rest is insulated, so that such a large-capacity battery has higher safety performance.

[0197] Embodiment 6

[0198] This embodiment is an energy storage device, which includes a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly in the above embodiments.

[0199] As Figure 31As shown, the fire safety system 2 includes a first fire unit 020, and the structure of the first fire unit 020 is as shown in Figure 32 As shown, the fire safety system 2 includes a first fire unit 020, and the structure of the first fire unit 020 is as shown in

[0200] As shown in Figure 2 In order to prevent the thermal runaway smoke of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 in the individual battery pack assembly from spreading to the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the thermal runaway smoke of all battery pack assemblies is converged by the smoke converging pipe, and when the large-capacity battery assembly 62 in any battery pack assembly is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke thereof can be discharged through the smoke converging pipe, thereby reducing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0201] The smoke converging pipe of the embodiment includes a first converging pipe 211 and a second converging pipe 2120. The first converging pipe 211 is connected to the outlet end of the explosion venting converging pipe 32 of each battery pack assembly, and the second converging pipe 2120 is connected to each first converging pipe 211 to concentrate and transport the thermal runaway smoke in each first converging pipe 211 to the smoke treatment unit 22.

[0202] In combination with Figure 1 The battery pack assemblies of the energy storage device of the embodiment are arranged along the z direction to form one battery cluster, and there are a total of four battery clusters. For the energy storage device, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 32 As can be seen, the embodiment includes four first converging pipes 211, and each first converging pipe 211 is connected to the outlet end of the explosion venting converging pipe 32 of each battery pack assembly in each battery cluster (as shown in Figure 33 Figure 33 Figure 1 As can be seen, the embodiment includes four first converging pipes 211, and each first converging pipe 211 is connected to the outlet end of the explosion venting converging pipe 32 of each battery pack assembly in each battery cluster (as shown in

[0203] The smoke converging pipe converges the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery cluster and concentrates and leads out the thermal runaway smoke to the smoke treatment unit 22 behind for treatment. However, in each large-capacity battery assembly 62, there is a certain amount of free electrolyte in the shared chamber, and the electrolyte has a certain safety hazard after being sprayed out with the thermal runaway smoke when the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway. Based on this, in combination with Figure 34 ​​The flue gas treatment unit 22 in the embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 230, an inlet of the liquid treatment device 230 is connected with an outlet of the secondary collecting pipe 2120, and the liquid treatment device 230 is mainly used for fully treating the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity battery assembly 62, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate combustible gas, and further reduce the content of combustible substances (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0204] The liquid treatment device 230 in the embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 2301, and the liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium. The number of the liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 in the energy storage device. If the liquid treatment tanks 2301 are multiple, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be connected in series through a connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2301 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, an oval tank, etc. Preferably, a circular tank is adopted, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0205] The M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be all filled with liquid treatment medium. When filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301, so as to avoid that the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 is extruded into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0206] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is too large when the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is initially vented, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be extruded and flushed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway flue gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes nine liquid treatment tanks 2301, the first liquid treatment tank 2301 to the eighth liquid treatment tank 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged by the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium extruded by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, avoid that the liquid treatment medium is extruded out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 in use.

[0207] For example, Figure 34As shown, the liquid treatment tank 2301 is provided with a flue gas inlet 2303, a flue gas outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305. The flue gas inlet 2303 is used to input the hot runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 2301, the flue gas outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated hot runaway flue gas, and the liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. The flue gas inlet 2303 can be arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301 or at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. In order to facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 2301, the flue gas inlet 2303 and the flue gas outlet 2304 are preferably arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectability of the entire hot runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline arrangement. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 2302 can be a metal bellows. After being connected by a metal bellows, each liquid treatment tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meet various installation requirements, and save installation space.

[0208] As shown in the figure, Figure 35 After arranging the flue gas inlet 2303 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, in order to make the hot runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, the flue gas inlet 2303 is connected with a flow guide pipe 2306, at least part of the flow guide pipe 2306 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Preferably, the flow guide pipe 2306 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the hot runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, the liquid treatment medium fully treats the hot runaway flue gas, and the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium is improved.

[0209] One end of the above-mentioned flow guide pipe 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium is provided with a flow dividing part 2307. The flow dividing part 2307 disperses and divides the hot runaway flue gas before reacting with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the hot runaway flue gas has a large inflow and a small outflow, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the hot runaway flue gas and makes the hot runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The flow dividing part 2307 in the present embodiment can be a foamed copper column. The foamed copper column is easy to install and has good dispersion and division effect. Specifically, it is fixed to the port of the end of the flow guide pipe 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foamed copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional pores in a copper matrix, which has a dispersion and buffering effect on fluid. In use, it is processed into a columnar structure. The hot runaway flue gas in the flow guide pipe 2306 flows out of the foamed copper column and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foamed copper column, so as to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the hot runaway flue gas, so that the divided hot runaway flue gas fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium.

[0210] To further make the thermal runaway smoke fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 is arranged on the above-mentioned draft tube 2306, or a plurality of baffles are arranged on the draft tube 2306. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffles increases the travel of the thermal runaway smoke when the thermal runaway smoke passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway smoke is more fully contacted with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway smoke enters from the smoke inlet 2303 of the liquid treatment tank 2301, then passes through the draft tube 2306 to the bottom of the liquid treatment medium, then is dispersed by the foam copper column, and then rises from the bottom. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffles makes the thermal runaway smoke fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 during the rising process, so as to be treated correspondingly. When specifically connected, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed on the draft tube 2306. The baffle is a semicircular baffle, and a plurality of baffles are arranged from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the draft tube 2306, and adjacent baffles are installed in a staggered manner.

[0211] After the above-mentioned liquid treatment tank pressure test leak detection is completed, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, so as to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas, and then reduce the content of flammable substances (electrolyte and flammable gas) in the thermal runaway smoke. The liquid treatment medium can specifically use the following substances:

[0212] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of similar dissolves similar, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke, and can also prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent is specifically diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent is specifically benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutyl alcohol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, iso-octanol solvent, n-propanol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptanal, phenylpropyl aldehyde or methyl non ethyl aldehyde, etc.

[0213] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, which can be specifically sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, barium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkali solution can react with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gas, and can treat the thermal runaway smoke at the source. At the same time, the alkali solution can cool the thermal runaway smoke, and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway smoke in the alkali solution. In addition, the alkali solution has a good treatment effect on CO2, POF3 and HF, etc. Acidic substances can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0214] Among the two liquid treatment mediums, the alkali solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway smoke treated by the alkali solution is greatly reduced, and thus, the alkali solution has a better treatment effect than the organic solvent.

[0215] For the alkali solution, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke. However, the inventors found that a low-concentration alkali solution has a better treatment effect than a high-concentration alkali solution, and in particular, when the thermal runaway smoke passes through an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L, the collected gas volume is the smallest, and the treatment effect is better than that of an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher. Therefore, when the alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and a low-concentration alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the alkali solution can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0216] A large number of battery thermal runaway tests were conducted using an alkali solution of NaOH as an example. After comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions with different concentrations on the thermal runaway smoke, it was found that the gas volume collected after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L was the smallest, the effect was significantly improved after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L, and the effect was best after the thermal runaway smoke was treated by a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0217] When the thermal runaway smoke is transported into the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, HF, and other acidic substances in the thermal runaway smoke, for example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequent CO2 also reacts: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; and HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O. Through the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced.

[0218] Table 1 Thermal runaway data of full-electric 32650 batteries without treatment

[0219]

[0220] Table 2 Treatment results of NaOH solutions with different concentrations

[0221]

[0222]

[0223] According to the above test data, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is not treated, and the collected gas volume is 4L. When the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or more, the collected gas is generally greater than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. The gas volume is small after the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L, and is all below 2L. The effect is remarkable after treatment by NaOH with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L. The gas volume collected after treatment by NaOH with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is the smallest, only about 1L, and the effect is the best. Therefore, NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke after battery thermal runaway.

[0224] As shown in Figure 36 the smoke treatment unit of the present embodiment can also include a solid treatment device. According to the above test results, an alkaline solution with a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced. On this basis, a solid treatment device can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke is completely non-combustible.

[0225] As can be seen from Figure 36 , the solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device and is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank 231. The number of solid treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number and demand of large-capacity batteries in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be arranged in series. In this case, the smoke inlet of the first solid treatment tank is connected with the smoke outlet of the last liquid treatment tank in the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment tank has a structure similar to that of the liquid treatment tank, and is filled with a solid adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment tank.

[0226] The solid adsorption medium in the above solid treatment tank can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., and is used to treat the residual gas treated by the liquid treatment tank, such as adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is activated carbon which has a relatively low cost and a relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. Such activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway smoke, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0227] Table 3 Adsorption test after combination of NaOH solution and activated carbon

[0228]

[0229] Through the test data, it is found that the effect of using NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 filter canister P-B-3 activated carbon) to treat the thermal runaway smoke of the battery thermal runaway space is very good. After many tests, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is first treated by 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, and then treated by 270 g of activated carbon adsorption, the collected gas volume is 0.3-0.5 L, and the collected gas is not flammable.

[0230] The smoke treatment system in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery into the liquid treatment tank for treatment. The liquid treatment tank treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried by the battery thermal runaway smoke, prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway gas. The subsequent solid treatment tank can complete the treatment of the thermal runaway smoke by using less solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, which improves the safety of the energy storage device.

[0231] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include a solid treatment device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the solid treatment device through the smoke busbar for treatment.

[0232] The smoke treatment unit in this embodiment can also include an ignition device 2210. As shown in Figure 36 , the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device, and performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device. The above-mentioned ignition device 2210 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0233] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include an ignition device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the ignition device through the smoke busbar, and the ignition device directly performs separate ignition treatment on all the thermal runaway smoke.

[0234] As shown in Figure 36As shown, the above-mentioned ignition device 2210 comprises a flue gas pipeline 2321 connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301 in the liquid treatment device 230 (for example, without setting a solid adsorption device), and at least one set of ignition assembly. The ignition assembly is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321. Among them, the number of ignition assemblies can be set according to the needs, which can be set to 1 set, 2 sets, 3 sets or 4 sets or more sets. When multiple sets are set, not only can the hot runaway flue gas be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hazard that a single ignition assembly fails or fails to reliably ignite the hot runaway flue gas can be avoided.

[0235] As shown in Figure 36 Each ignition assembly comprises a smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and an igniter 2323 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The smoke exhaust pipe 2322 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 2322 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all communicated with the flue gas pipeline 2321). The igniter 2323 is opened when the thermal runaway occurs in any large-capacity battery assembly 62, and then the hot runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 230 is transported into the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 by the flue gas pipeline 2321, and the igniter 2323 ignites the hot runaway flue gas discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The opening of the igniter 2323 can be opened by a trigger 2324 or by a BMS (battery management system). When the trigger 2324 is opened, the trigger 2324 can be a sensor of different structure, which can be arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 or on the flue gas pipeline 2321 to detect the parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time, and when the set threshold value is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 2323. Specifically, the above-mentioned trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When the trigger 2324 is started, a flame arrester 2325 can also be arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, which is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, which is used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 to damage the trigger 2324 and other devices. When the BMS is opened, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each large-capacity battery assembly 62 in the energy storage device in real time, and when the voltage, current and temperature of any large-capacity battery assembly 62 exceed the threshold value, the igniter 2323 is started.

[0236] The structure of the above-mentioned igniter 2323 can be various, for example, it can specifically adopt an existing electric arc igniter 2323 or resistance wire igniter 2323, etc. The electric arc igniter 2323 can specifically adopt a pulse igniter 2323, and the power supply mode of the igniter 2323 can adopt dry batteries or alternating current according to the site environment.

[0237] When the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the smoke bus duct, the liquid treatment device 230 carries out targeted treatment on the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke, and then the ignition device 2210 carries out controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device 230, so as to reduce the safety hidden danger generated after the thermal runaway smoke is discharged.

[0238] The smoke treatment unit 22 of the embodiment can also include a buffer device, which is arranged between the smoke bus duct and the smoke treatment unit 22 and buffers the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment unit 22.

[0239] As shown in Figure 37 The buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet port 2341 and a smoke outlet port 2342 communicating with the inner cavity thereof; the smoke inlet port 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected with the smoke outlet port 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 37 As shown in the smoke treatment unit 22 includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230 and an ignition device 2210, the buffer device is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0240] In the above buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number and demand of the large-capacity battery assembly 62. If the buffer tanks 234 are multiple, the multiple buffer tanks 234 can be connected in series through the connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited, which can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body and an oval tank body, etc., and the circular tank body is the best, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0241] The number of buffer tanks 234 in the embodiment is one, which is an empty tank body without filling material inside, and is arranged between the smoke bus duct and the smoke treatment unit 22, mainly having the following functions:

[0242] First, buffer the thermal runaway smoke;

[0243] A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the flue gas treatment unit 22, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate, and the liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway flue gas more fully, or when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway flue gas with a large instantaneous pressure rapidly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be fully treated, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium;

[0244] Second, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected;

[0245] The above-mentioned large-capacity battery assembly 62 with a shared chamber has a certain amount of free electrolyte, which is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas when the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway, especially when the explosion venting area is arranged at the bottom of the shell 1, almost all the free electrolyte in the shared chamber is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device 230, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid at the same time, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230;

[0246] When the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte in the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas, and the electrolyte is ignited together with the flammable gas. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas may cause flame spatter and other hazards during combustion. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas participates in combustion at the same time as the flammable gas, producing a large amount of combustion flame, which may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210 and pose a certain safety hazard. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the ignition device 2210, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid at the same time, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, which not only prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas and reduces the amount of flammable gas, but also when the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the flammable gas is burned (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), so that the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited is reduced, and the safety hazard to the surrounding environment is reduced;

[0247] Third, the thermal runaway flue gas is removed;

[0248] When the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery 332 is about 140°C to 850°C. At this temperature, the separators, plastic films, plastic parts, and other fusible parts inside the single battery 332 are melted by the high temperature. The above molten substances are ejected from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway smoke. During the process of flowing through the smoke manifold to the rear thermal runaway smoke treatment device, as the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke decreases, the molten substances gradually solidify and block the pipeline in the smoke treatment unit 22. At this time, after the addition of the buffer tank 234, the impurities such as molten substances ejected along with the thermal runaway smoke are deposited and collected in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway smoke is buffered in the buffer tank 234, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the subsequent pipeline.

[0249] Fourth, the backflushed liquid treatment medium is collected;

[0250] When the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke ejected instantaneously has a high pressure. The high-pressure thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the smoke manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a shunt part 2307, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and pressure build-up occurs in the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, the following phenomena may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301 to the smoke manifold, the smoke manifold is blocked, and the subsequent generated thermal runaway smoke cannot be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the smoke manifold.

[0251] The buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed, the liquid treatment medium is backflushed and collected in the front buffer tank 234, and does not flow into the smoke manifold, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the smoke manifold, so that the thermal runaway smoke can be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0252] As Figure 37As shown, the buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet port 2341 and a smoke outlet port 2342 which are in communication with the inner cavity of the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet port 2341 is mainly used for connecting with the smoke manifold, and the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 into the buffer tank 234. The smoke outlet port 2342 is mainly used for discharging the thermal runaway smoke in the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet port 2341 and the smoke outlet port 2342 can be arranged on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In the embodiment, the smoke inlet port 2341 and the smoke outlet port 2342 are arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet port 2341 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke deposit on the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity, and the liquid in the buffer tank 234 is difficult to be squeezed into the smoke manifold in front through the smoke inlet port 2341 on the top. The smoke outlet port 2342 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke not be discharged smoothly, and make the gas in the thermal runaway smoke be discharged smoothly from the buffer tank 234.

[0253] In addition, a liquid discharge valve can be arranged at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 234. In order to facilitate the standardization and integration of the energy storage device, the buffer tank 234 can adopt a structure similar to the liquid treatment tank 2301.

[0254] Reference Figure 37 The smoke treatment system of the embodiment can further include at least one safety device (each safety device including a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230).

[0255] If the smoke treatment system does not have a safety device, the following problems can exist:

[0256] First, if multiple large-capacity battery assemblies 62 simultaneously occur thermal runaway, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke can be too large to open the reverse of the pressure relief part (i.e., the pressure relief membrane in the pressure relief pipe assembly 335) of the large-capacity battery assembly 62, which can affect the large-capacity battery assembly 62 that does not occur thermal runaway, and can cause safety hazards, or can damage the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold, and the smoke manifold can leak, which can cause safety hazards.

[0257] Secondly, since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow dividing part 2307, the heat runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and the heat runaway flue gas is accumulated in the flue gas manifold and is pressurized. When the pressure is too large, the reverse opening of the explosion venting part (i.e., the explosion venting membrane in the explosion venting pipe assembly 335) of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 will affect the large-capacity battery assembly 62 that does not have heat runaway, and a safety hazard will be caused, or the sealing of the connection of the flue gas manifold will be damaged, the flue gas manifold will leak, and a safety hazard will be caused.

[0258] Based on this, the energy storage device of the embodiment can further include at least one safety device. When the pressure of the heat runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large, the safety device can discharge the heat runaway flue gas through the safety device to avoid the safety hazard caused by the too large pressure of the flue gas manifold, and the safety of the energy storage device is improved.

[0259] As shown in Figure 37 each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230. The inlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is in communication with the flue gas manifold or the buffer tank 234, and the outlet is in communication with the external environment, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid treatment tank 231, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is in communication with the flue gas pipeline 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety discharge part 2230 is arranged on the safety pipeline 2220, and the opening pressure thereof is less than the opening pressure of the explosion venting membrane (the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 is the explosion venting part of the large-capacity battery assembly 62) in the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery assembly 62. The safety device is used to discharge the heat runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the pressure of the heat runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large to cause a safety hazard, so as to avoid the heat runaway flue gas affecting the large-capacity battery assembly that does not have heat runaway, or affecting the sealing of the connection of the flue gas manifold, and the safety of the energy storage device during use is improved.

[0260] The safety discharge part 2230 can be implemented by the following structures: first, a pressure relief membrane or a pressure relief valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220; second, a safety valve is used, which can be opened at a set pressure; the safety valve can be a pressure valve, which can be automatically opened at a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the smoke manifold exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve is automatically opened, which has high reliability, and the installation of the safety valve is also convenient; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are used; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the smoke manifold, and the control valve is opened when the pressure of the gas in the smoke manifold exceeds the threshold; the pressure measuring device can be a pressure sensor, and the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, which is connected to the pressure measuring device; the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the smoke manifold.

[0261] In combination Figure 31 and Figure 38 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can further include a secondary fire unit 021, which mainly includes a fire extinguishing device 24 and a fire pipeline 25; the fire extinguishing device 24 stores fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline 25 is used to deliver the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device 24 to the box of the energy storage device. The inlet of the fire pipeline 25 is connected to the fire extinguishing device 24, and the outlet is arranged in the box of the energy storage device.

[0262] In the embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage device, so that the fire extinguishing substances can be sprayed to ensure that the fire extinguishing substances can cover all the large-capacity battery assemblies 62. The fire extinguishing device 24 stores a certain amount of fire extinguishing substances, which are specifically perfluorohexone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is arranged at the outlet of the fire extinguishing device 24, which is started by the BMS or by the sensor arranged in the box of the energy storage device. When the sensor is started, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector, which monitors the environment in the box of the energy storage device in real time and opens the control valve according to the detection data.

[0263] When the thermal runaway occurs in the large-capacity battery assembly 62, the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery can be led out and treated by the first fire extinguishing unit 020, and the thermal diffusion is prevented, so that the situation that other batteries or even the whole energy storage device are out of control and explode due to thermal diffusion when the individual large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway is avoided, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is also avoided from gathering in the limited space to cause danger; when the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage device, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started to spray the fire extinguishing material on the thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device and the burning and exploding battery, and the thermal runaway is further prevented from continuing to occur. The first fire extinguishing unit 020 and the second fire extinguishing unit 021 can cool and extinguish the fire of the thermal runaway battery according to the situation, and the safety of the energy storage device is greatly improved.

[0264] In combination Figure 31 and as Figure 38 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can further include a third fire extinguishing unit 022, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 includes a fire water spraying pipeline 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline 26, the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline 26 is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is arranged on the top of the box of the energy storage device. The fire water spraying pipeline 26 can cooperate with the second fire extinguishing unit 021 to extinguish the fire of the multiple batteries when the multiple large-capacity battery assemblies 62 are in thermal runaway and the burning fire is large, or after the fire extinguishing material in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is consumed, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures on the large-capacity battery assembly 62, and the safety of the whole energy storage device is further improved. In other embodiments, the fire safety system 2 can not be provided with the third fire extinguishing unit 022; or when the fire extinguishing material in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is water, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is a fire water connector arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire water connector is used for connecting with the external fire water pipe.

[0265] The working principle of the fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0266] When the large-capacity battery assembly 62 in the box of the energy storage device is working normally, the first fire extinguishing unit 020, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 do not work. When a certain large-capacity battery assembly 62 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is transported to the smoke treatment unit 22 through the smoke collecting pipe for treatment. When the smoke collecting pipe leaks or the smoke treatment device fails, there is thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device, or the large-capacity battery assembly 62 is on fire or explodes, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started, and the fire extinguishing device 24 sprays the fire extinguishing material through the fire extinguishing pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing material prevents the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire, or the fire extinguishing material extinguishes the fire of the battery that has burned or exploded. If the fire cannot be controlled after the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is actuated, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is connected to the external fire extinguishing water, and the water mist nozzle 27 is used for fire extinguishing. Or when multiple large-capacity battery assemblies 62 are in thermal runaway at the same time and the burning fire is large, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are started at the same time to start fire extinguishing.

[0267] It should be noted that when the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are started, the ignition device 2210 in the first fire extinguishing unit 020 does not work.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by: The fire safety system comprises at least one battery pack assembly. The fire safety system comprises a first fire unit, the first fire unit comprises a smoke confluence pipe and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke confluence pipe is used for conveying thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly into the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke. Each battery pack assembly comprises a burst discharge confluence pipe and at least one large-capacity battery assembly; each large-capacity battery assembly comprises a large-capacity battery and a heat exchange device. The large-capacity battery comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries; the plurality of single batteries are arranged in the inner cavity of the shell along the x direction, the shell is provided with at least one shared chamber and a burst discharge pipe assembly in communication with the at least one shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber and the inner cavities of all the single batteries are through; the shell top plate is provided with a first avoiding hole corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery; the polarity terminal of each single battery extends out of the corresponding first avoiding hole, and the region of the shell top plate corresponding to the first avoiding hole is fixedly sealed with the shell body of the single battery; the heat exchange device is a hollow box body with one open end; the open end of the hollow box body is sealingly fixed with the shell top plate, and the cavity formed by the hollow box body and the shell top plate is used as an insulating heat exchange medium flow cavity; part of the structure of the polarity terminal of the single battery is located in the insulating heat exchange medium flow cavity; the hollow box top plate is provided with a second avoiding hole corresponding to each single battery polarity terminal, and the polarity terminal electric connection part of each single battery extends out of the corresponding second avoiding hole, and the polarity terminal and the second avoiding hole are sealingly connected. The burst discharge confluence pipe is in communication with the burst discharge pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the burst discharge confluence pipe is in communication with the smoke confluence pipe.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The polarity terminal is provided with a functional structure for increasing the heat exchange area of the polarity terminal; the part of the polarity terminal provided with the functional structure is located in the insulating heat exchange medium flow cavity.

3. The energy storage device of claim 2, wherein: The functional structure is n first annular grooves, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; each first annular groove extends along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the polarity terminal, and the n first annular grooves are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal.

4. The energy storage device of claim 3, wherein: The hollow box top plate and the hollow box side plate are separate parts; The shell comprises a cylinder body with two open ends and end plates sealing the two open ends of the cylinder body; the end plates are parallel to the yz plane; in the z direction, the side plate of the cylinder body is higher than the top plate of the cylinder body, and the part of the cylinder body side plate higher than the cylinder body top plate is used as a second side plate of the hollow box, wherein the second side plate is a side plate of the hollow box parallel to the xz plane.

5. The energy storage device of claim 4, wherein: The heat exchange device further comprises a partition member arranged in the hollow box; the partition member extends along the x direction, and divides the hollow box into a first sub-hollow box and a second sub-hollow box; In the z direction, the polarity terminal of each single battery located on one side extends out of the first sub-hollow box top plate corresponding to the second avoiding hole, and the polarity terminal of each single battery located on the other side extends out of the second sub-hollow box top plate corresponding to the second avoiding hole.

6. The energy storage device of claim 5, wherein: The partition member is a boss arranged on the shell top plate and extending along the x direction; The shared chamber comprises a gas shared chamber and an electrolyte shared chamber; the gas shared chamber is a first channel arranged on the boss and extending along the x direction, and the first channel covers above each single battery gas port; The electrolyte sharing chamber is a second channel arranged on the bottom plate of the shell and extending along the x direction, and the second channel is in communication with the electrolyte area in each single battery inner cavity.

7. The energy storage device of claim 6, wherein: In the z direction, the size of the boss is greater than the size of the hollow box inner cavity; the hollow box top plate includes a first sub-top plate and a second sub-top plate; The first sub-top plate and the second sub-top plate are respectively sealed and fixed between the two cylinder side plates and the boss, and respectively serve as the first sub-hollow box top plate and the second sub-hollow box top plate.

8. The energy storage device of claim 4, wherein: The large-capacity battery assembly further includes a second insulating sealing adhesive layer; the second insulating sealing adhesive layer is laid on the top of the heat exchange device.

9. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; The liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The flue gas cooling device is mainly used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas; The solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing treatment of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The ignition device is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

10. The energy storage device of claim 9, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, and the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the 1st to M-1st liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit further includes an ignition device connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

12. The energy storage device of claim 11, wherein: The liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, and the alkali solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

13. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The primary fire extinguishing unit further includes a buffer device including at least one buffer tank provided with an inlet and an outlet in communication with the inner cavity thereof, the buffer device being arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment unit for buffering treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

14. The energy storage device of claim 13, wherein: The primary fire extinguishing unit further includes a safety device including safety pipelines and a safety discharge part; the inlets of the safety pipelines are in communication with the flue gas collecting pipe or the buffer tank, the outlets of the safety pipelines are in communication with the external environment; and the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline and has an opening pressure less than that of the large-capacity battery explosion vent.

15. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The flue gas collecting pipe includes a primary collecting pipe connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion vent collecting pipe and a secondary collecting pipe connected to each primary collecting pipe for collecting and conveying the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary collecting pipe to the flue gas treatment unit.

16. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The fire safety system further includes a secondary fire extinguishing unit including a fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing pipeline; the fire extinguishing device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire extinguishing pipeline is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device to the box of the energy storage equipment.

17. The energy storage device of claim 16, wherein: The fire safety system further includes a tertiary fire extinguishing unit including a fire water spraying pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline, and the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe.

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