Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to energy storage equipment. The problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is exhausted is solved. The energy storage device comprises a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly. The high-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the shell along the same direction; the shell is provided with a shared cavity and an explosion venting pipe assembly communicating with the shared cavity. The inner cavity of the shared cavity is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single batteries; the explosion venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery is communicated with an explosion venting collecting pipe, and the outlet end of the explosion venting collecting pipe is communicated with a flue gas collecting pipe of a fire safety system; the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the explosion venting pipe assembly and the flue gas collecting pipe to enter the flue gas treatment unit of the fire safety system to be treated, and potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of battery, specifically relates to a kind of energy storage equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of solar energy, wind energy and other new energy, energy storage technology also develops, since lithium battery has the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power bearing, low self-discharge rate, gradually becomes the mainstream product of energy storage.

[0003] With the application of lithium battery energy storage equipment, the safe use of lithium ion battery also attracts attention. Due to the high concentration of large capacity batteries in energy storage equipment, under the influence of factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating and mechanical impact, the battery separator is easy to collapse and internal short circuit, which leads to thermal runaway, and the above thermal runaway flue gas is easy to gather and burn, and even cause explosion, causing safety hazard. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of energy storage equipment, solve the problem of safety hazard after the thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is discharged.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model provides a kind of energy storage equipment, including fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly;

[0006] The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, the primary fire unit includes a smoke gas busbar and a smoke gas treatment unit, the smoke gas busbar is used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery pack assembly into the smoke gas treatment unit, and the smoke gas treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0007] Each battery pack assembly includes a blast venting busbar and at least one large capacity battery;Each large capacity battery includes a shell and a plurality of single batteries;The plurality of single batteries are arranged in the shell inner cavity along the x direction, the shell is provided with at least one shared chamber and a blast venting pipe assembly communicated with the at least one shared chamber;The shared chamber inner cavity and all single battery inner cavities are through;The shell top plate is provided with a relief hole corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single battery;Each single battery polarity terminal extends out of the corresponding relief hole, and the shell top plate region corresponding to the relief hole is fixed and sealed with the single battery shell body;A channel through the polarity terminal is arranged on the part of each polarity terminal extending out of the corresponding relief hole, and the channels on the same side polarity terminal of adjacent single batteries are communicated with each other, forming two heat exchange channels at the top of the large capacity battery;

[0008] The blast venting busbar is communicated with the blast venting pipe assembly of each large capacity battery, and the outlet end of the blast venting busbar is communicated with the smoke gas busbar.

[0009] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes multiple large capacity batteries, and each large capacity battery includes large capacity battery and heat exchange device, and each large capacity battery is by multiple monomer batteries and a shell with shared chamber constitutes, and multiple monomer batteries are placed in the shell, utilizes the shared chamber and the cavity of each monomer battery in the shell through, reduces the difference between each monomer battery, and the consistency between each monomer battery is promoted to a certain extent, thereby the cycle life of large capacity battery is promoted to a certain extent.

[0010] The utility model discloses the channel on polarity terminal is set up, as heat exchange medium flow channel, that is, the partial structure (channel inner wall) of polarity terminal is directly contacted with heat exchange medium, and the channel of each monomer battery is communicated at the same side, and forms two heat exchange channels at the top of large capacity battery, and two heat exchange channels can adopt the mode of connection in parallel or series, and the heat exchange of large capacity battery is realized based on two heat exchange channels. Relative to the scheme of using indirect heat exchange (such as the scheme of Chinese patent CN118299714A), first, the heat exchange path is shortened, and the heat exchange path is shortened from " heat exchange medium - heat exchange piece - polarity terminal " to " heat exchange medium - polarity terminal ", and the utilization efficiency of heat exchange medium can be improved, and the heat exchange efficiency of such large capacity battery is improved, in addition, since using direct heat exchange mode, has good heat exchange effect, therefore, the cross section area of channel does not need too big, does not affect the conductivity of polarity terminal.

[0011] In addition, the shell of each large capacity battery is provided with a vent pipe assembly communicated with the shared chamber, and a flue gas treatment system is further arranged in the energy storage equipment, the vent pipe assemblies of the large capacity batteries are communicated with the flue gas collector pipes of the flue gas treatment system, the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the vent pipe assemblies, the flue gas collector pipes and enters the flue gas treatment units of the flue gas treatment system for treatment, thereby reducing the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0012] Further, the inner wall of the channel is provided with a partition rib plate for increasing the heat exchange area, which can increase the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the polarity terminal, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and further improving the heat exchange effect.

[0013] Further, the partition rib plate is in multiple, and the multiple partition rib plates are evenly distributed along the circumference of the channel, so that the temperature uniformity of each part of the polarity terminal is good, and each partition rib plate extends along the axis of the channel, without affecting the flowability of the heat transfer medium in the channel.

[0014] Further, the large capacity battery further comprises a connecting pipe assembly; the connecting pipe assembly comprises a plurality of second sub connecting pipes; two ends of each second sub connecting pipe are respectively sealedly connected with channels on the same side of the polarity terminals of the adjacent single batteries, and two heat exchange channels are formed at the top of the large capacity battery.

[0015] Further, the connecting pipe assembly further comprises a first sub connecting pipe; two ends of the first sub connecting pipe are respectively insulatedly and sealably connected with the channels on the two polarity terminals of the outermost single battery in the large capacity battery; the first sub connecting pipe is used to realize the series connection of the two heat exchange channels.

[0016] Further, an insulating sealing rubber layer is arranged on the top plate of the shell, the main part of the heat exchange channel is located in the insulating sealing rubber layer, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange channel extend out of the insulating sealing rubber layer.

[0017] Further, the large capacity battery further comprises an electric connecting component assembly, the electric connecting component assembly is connected with the electric connection part of each polarity terminal, and the connection part of each polarity terminal of the electric connecting component assembly is located in the insulating sealing rubber layer.

[0018] Further, the smoke treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a smoke cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway smoke; the smoke cooling device is mainly used for cooling the thermal runaway smoke; the solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing the gas in the thermal runaway smoke; and the ignition device is used for igniting the thermal runaway smoke.

[0019] The smoke treatment unit of the energy storage equipment can treat the thermal runaway smoke generated by the energy storage equipment in multiple ways, so that the safety hidden danger caused by the thermal runaway smoke after being discharged can be avoided.

[0020] Further, the smoke treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, the liquid treatment tanks are provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, liquid treatment medium is filled in the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank, the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0021] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment, because the above-mentioned large capacity battery has a certain amount of electrolyte, and the electrolyte is sprayed out through the liquid treatment device when the large capacity battery thermal runaway, and the liquid treatment device effectively processes the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, simultaneously, the first M liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is empty tank, when the thermal runaway flue gas pressure is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium of the high pressure thermal runaway flue gas extruded from the liquid treatment tank, avoids the liquid treatment medium being extruded to the subsequent device, and the device behind is influenced.

[0022] Further, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit further includes an ignition device; the above-mentioned ignition device is connected at the flue gas outlet of the first M liquid treatment tank, and is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0023] In the energy storage equipment, the ignition device can controllably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas after ignition can be directly discharged, without hidden dangers such as combustion explosion.

[0024] Further, the above-mentioned liquid treatment medium is alkali solution, which can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the decomposed reaction of the vaporized electrolyte, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the gas amount of the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment by the alkali solution is greatly reduced.

[0025] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire extinguishing unit further includes a buffer device, and the above-mentioned buffer device includes at least one buffer tank, the above-mentioned buffer tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet communicating with the inner cavity thereof, and the above-mentioned buffer device is arranged between the flue gas collecting pipe and the flue gas treatment unit, and is used for buffering the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0026] Further, the primary fire-fighting unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprises safety pipes and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipe is communicated with the smoke collecting pipe or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipe is communicated with the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipe, and the opening pressure of the safety discharge part is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion venting part. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke collecting pipe is too large, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway smoke through the safety device, so as to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the smoke collecting pipe, and the safety of the thermal runaway smoke treatment is improved.

[0027] Further, the smoke collecting pipe comprises a primary collecting pipe and a secondary collecting pipe, the primary collecting pipe is connected with the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion venting collecting pipe, and the secondary collecting pipe is connected with each primary collecting pipe to centrally transport the thermal runaway smoke in each primary collecting pipe to the smoke treatment unit.

[0028] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire-fighting unit, the secondary fire-fighting unit comprises a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipe; the fire-fighting device is provided with fire extinguishing substances, and the fire-fighting pipe is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire-fighting device into the box of the energy storage equipment. When the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage equipment or the large-capacity battery is on fire or explodes, the secondary fire-fighting unit can prevent the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire or extinguish the fire of the large-capacity battery that has already caught fire. Through the cooperation of the primary fire-fighting unit and the secondary fire-fighting unit, the safety of the large-capacity battery of the entire energy storage equipment is protected, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment can be further improved.

[0029] Further, the fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire-fighting unit, the tertiary fire-fighting unit comprises a fire-fighting water spraying pipe and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire-fighting water spraying pipe, and the inlet of the fire-fighting water spraying pipe is used for being connected with an external fire-fighting water pipe. When multiple batteries are in thermal runaway and the fire is large, or after the fire extinguishing substances in the secondary fire-fighting unit are consumed, the tertiary fire-fighting unit can continue to extinguish the fire of the batteries, and the safety of the entire energy storage equipment is further improved.

[0030] The utility model discloses the beneficial effect is:

[0031] The utility model discloses energy storage equipment includes multiple large-capacity batteries, and each large-capacity battery includes large-capacity battery and heat exchange device, and each large-capacity battery is by multiple single batteries and a shell with shared chamber constitutes, and multiple single batteries are placed in the shell, utilize shared chamber and the cavity of each single battery in the shell through, reduced the difference between each single battery, promoted the consistency between each single battery to a certain extent, to a certain extent, promoted the cycle life of large-capacity battery.

[0032] The utility model discloses a channel is set up on the polarity terminal, as heat exchange medium flow channel, that is, the partial structure (channel inner wall) of polarity terminal is directly contacted with heat exchange medium, the channel of each monomer battery is located the same side intercommunication, forms two heat exchange channels at the top of large capacity battery, and two heat exchange channels can adopt the way of connection in parallel or series, and the heat exchange of large capacity battery is realized based on two heat exchange channels. Relative to the scheme of using indirect heat exchange (such as the scheme of Chinese patent CN118299714A), first, the heat exchange path is shortened, and the heat exchange path is shortened from " heat exchange medium-heat exchange piece-polarity terminal " to " heat exchange medium-polarity terminal ", and the heat exchange medium directly acts on the polarity terminal, can improve the utilization efficiency of heat exchange medium, and then improve the heat exchange efficiency of this kind of large capacity battery, in addition, because of using direct heat exchange mode, has good heat exchange effect, therefore, the cross section area of channel does not need too big, does not affect the conductivity of polarity terminal.

[0033] In addition, the explosion vent pipe assembly in communication with the shared chamber is arranged on the shell of each large capacity battery, and the smoke treatment system is further arranged in the energy storage device, the explosion vent pipe assembly of each large capacity battery is communicated with the smoke collecting pipe of the smoke treatment system, the thermal runaway smoke sequentially passes through the explosion vent pipe assembly, the smoke collecting pipe and enters the smoke treatment unit of the smoke treatment system for treatment, and the safety hazard caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway smoke is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is energy storage device structure schematic view;

[0035] Figure 2 It is battery pack assembly structure schematic view;

[0036] Figure 3 It is large capacity battery structure schematic view in embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 4 It is large capacity battery sectional view in embodiment 1;

[0038] Figure 5 It is one monomer battery structure schematic view in embodiment 1;

[0039] Figure 6 It is one upper cover assembly structure schematic view in embodiment 1;

[0040] Figure 7 It is one upper cover assembly sectional view in embodiment 1;

[0041] Figure 8 It is another monomer battery structure schematic view in embodiment 1;

[0042] Figure 9 It is another upper cover assembly structure schematic view in embodiment 1;

[0043] Figure 10 Partial cross-sectional view of one of the large capacity batteries of Example 1;

[0044] Figure 11 Structure diagram of another large capacity battery of Example 1;

[0045] Figure 12 Partial exploded structure diagram of another large capacity battery of Example 1;

[0046] Figure 13 Process diagram of building a battery pack assembly based on the large capacity battery of Example 1;

[0047] Figure 14 Structure diagram of a battery pack assembly built based on the large capacity battery of Example 1;

[0048] Figure 15 Structure diagram of a large capacity battery of Example 2;

[0049] Figure 16 Cross-sectional view of a large capacity battery of Example 2;

[0050] Figure 17 Exploded view of the housing of a large capacity battery of Example 2;

[0051] Figure 18 Structure diagram of the outer cylinder of a large capacity battery of Example 2;

[0052] Figure 19 Structure diagram of a fire safety system of Example 3;

[0053] Figure 20 Structure diagram of a primary fire unit of Example 3;

[0054] Figure 21 Structure diagram of Figure 1

[0055] Figure 22 Structure diagram of a liquid handling device of Example 3;

[0056] Figure 23 Cross-sectional view of a liquid handling tank of Example 3;

[0057] Figure 24 Structure diagram of a flue gas treatment unit of Example 3 containing a liquid handling device, a solid handling device, and an ignition unit;

[0058] Figure 25 Structure diagram of a flue gas treatment unit of Example 3 containing a buffer tank, a liquid handling device, and an ignition unit; ​

[0059] Figure 26 Structure diagram of the secondary fire extinguishing unit and the tertiary fire extinguishing unit in Example 3.

[0060] Reference signs in the drawings are:

[0061] 1, housing; 11, housing top plate; 12, housing bottom plate; 13, outer cylinder; 131, outer cylinder side plate; 132, outer cylinder top plate; 14, end plate; 15, sealing connector; 20, single battery; 21, polarity terminal; 1211, electrical connection part; 220, passage; 124, upper cover plate; 125, partitioning rib plate; 127, lower cover plate; 128, opening device; 3, connecting pipe assembly; 31, first sub connecting pipe; 324, second sub connecting pipe; 330, third sub connecting pipe; 40, electrolyte sharing chamber; 5, gas sharing chamber; 6, avoiding hole; 7, insulating sealing adhesive layer; 9, support; 10, boss; 1148, first through hole;

[0062] 60, battery pack assembly; 62, large-capacity battery; 64, insulating protective cover;

[0063] 2, fire safety system; 020, primary fire extinguishing unit; 021, secondary fire extinguishing unit; 022, tertiary fire extinguishing unit; 211, primary collecting pipe; 2120, secondary collecting pipe; 22, flue gas treatment unit; 230, liquid treatment device; 2301, liquid treatment tank; 2302, connecting pipeline; 2303, flue gas inlet; 2304, flue gas outlet; 2305, liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306, drainage pipe; 2307, shunt part; 2308, spiral baffle; 2210, ignition device; 2220, safety pipeline; 2230, safety discharge part; 231, solid treatment tank; 2321, flue gas pipeline; 2322, exhaust pipe; 2323, igniter; 2324, trigger; 2325, fire retardant; 234, buffer tank; 2341, smoke inlet; 2342, smoke outlet; 24, fire extinguishing device; 25, fire extinguishing pipeline; 26, fire extinguishing water spraying pipeline; 27, water mist nozzle;

[0064] 32, explosion vent collecting pipe; 335, explosion vent pipe assembly; 310, first explosion venting member; 320, second explosion venting member; 3110, first hollow pipe; 321, first interface; 322, second interface; 323, third interface; 4, flexible pipe section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0066] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0067] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship of the terms "top, bottom, etc." indicated in the drawings is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. In addition, the terms "first, second, third, fourth, etc." are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0068] As shown in Figure 1 The present application discloses an energy storage device, comprising a fire safety system 2 and at least one battery pack assembly 60.

[0069] The fire safety system 2 comprises a first fire unit 020, the first fire unit 020 comprises a smoke flow pipe and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke flow pipe is used for conveying the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly 60 to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke.

[0070] As shown in Figure 2 Each battery pack assembly 60 comprises a blast flow pipe 32 and at least one large-capacity battery 62.

[0071] As shown in Figure 3 And Figure 4 Each large-capacity battery 62 comprises a shell 1 and a plurality of single batteries 20; the plurality of single batteries 20 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the inner cavity of the shell 1.

[0072] Generally, a rectangular shell 1 is used, in order to facilitate description, the length direction of the shell 1 is defined as the x direction, the width direction of the shell 1 is defined as the y direction, and the height direction of the shell 1 is defined as the z direction.

[0073] The utility model is not limited to the structure of the shell 1, and at least the following two structures can be used.

[0074] The first structure includes a cylinder with two open ends (i.e., the ports parallel to the yz plane are open ends) and end plates fixed at the two open ends of the cylinder (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane);

[0075] The second structure includes a cylinder with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the ports parallel to the xy plane are open ends) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed at the open ends of the top and bottom of the cylinder (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate can be an integral structure with the cylinder);

[0076] A shared chamber is provided in the shell 1.

[0077] It should be noted that:

[0078] The shared chamber can be an electrolyte sharing chamber 40, and the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing chamber 40 and the inner cavities of the single batteries 20 are connected. The electrolyte sharing chamber 40 can make the single batteries 20 in a unified electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte in the single batteries 20 and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 62. The electrolyte sharing chamber 40 described herein is a liquid passage extending along the length direction of the shell 1 between the shell bottom plate 12 and the single batteries 20. The liquid passage can be integrally formed with the shell bottom plate 12 or formed by providing a support 9 between the single battery 20 lower cover plate 127 and the shell bottom plate 12. It should be noted that in the shell 1 of the first structure, the shell bottom plate 12 herein is a cylinder bottom plate; and in the shell 1 of the second structure, the shell bottom plate 12 herein is a bottom plate.

[0079] The shared chamber can also be a gas sharing chamber 5 provided on the shell top plate 11, and the gas sharing chamber 5 covers the gas ports at the top of each single battery 20 in the large-capacity battery 62.

[0080] It should be noted that in the shell 1 of the first structure, the shell top plate 11 herein is a cylinder top plate; and in the shell 1 of the second structure, the shell top plate 11 herein is a top plate.

[0081] It should also be noted that the gas port includes the following two meanings:

[0082] 1) The gas port is a first through hole directly provided on the upper cover plate 124 of the single battery 20 and penetrating the inner cavity of the single battery 20;

[0083] At this time, the cavity in the gas sharing chamber 5 communicates with the gas area in the cavity of each single battery 20 through the gas port, and based on the gas sharing chamber 5, the gas areas of each single battery 20 can be communicated to achieve gas balance, so that the consistency of each single battery 20 is guaranteed, and the cycle life of the large-capacity battery 62 is improved to a certain extent; when thermal runaway occurs in any single battery 20, the flue gas in the cavity of the single battery 20 enters the gas sharing chamber 5 and is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 5, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 62.

[0084] 2) The gas port is a pressure relief port or an explosion-proof port provided on the cover plate 124 of the single battery 20, and a pressure relief membrane is arranged at the pressure relief port or the explosion-proof port;

[0085] At this time, the gas sharing chamber 5 is used as a pressure relief channel, and when the pressure relief membrane at the gas port of any single battery 20 is broken by the cavity flue gas, the cavity of the single battery 20 communicates with the gas sharing chamber 5, and the flue gas in the cavity is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 5, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 62.

[0086] The above-mentioned sharing chamber can also be a gas-liquid sharing chamber, and through one gas-liquid sharing chamber, each single battery 20 can be in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 62.

[0087] In order to facilitate the electrical connection of such a large-capacity battery 62, an avoiding hole 6 corresponding to each single battery 20 polarity terminal 21 is formed on the shell top plate 11 (in the first structure of the shell 1, the shell top plate 11 here is a cylinder top plate; in the second structure of the shell 1, the shell top plate 11 here is a top plate); each single battery 20 polarity terminal 21 extends out of the corresponding avoiding hole 6 as the polarity terminal of the large-capacity battery 62, and the area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the avoiding hole 6 is fixedly sealed with the single battery 20 shell, so that the avoiding hole 6 part of the shell top plate 11 is sealed.

[0088] It should be noted that the single battery 20 polarity terminal 21 described herein can be a single battery 20 pole, and if the single battery 20 pole cannot be smoothly extended out of the avoiding hole 6 or the height of the single battery 20 pole extended out of the avoiding hole 6 does not meet the set requirements when the single battery 20 pole is used as the polarity terminal 21, a pole adapter can also be connected to the single battery 20 pole, and the overall structure of the single battery 20 pole and the pole adapter in cooperation can be used as the single battery 20 polarity terminal 21.

[0089] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the above-mentioned large capacity battery, the utility model adopts the similar invention concept of Chinese patent CN118299714A, that is, mainly to the heat concentrated monomer battery polarity terminal carries out the heat exchange, but different from Chinese patent CN118299714A, the utility model considers, through optimizing the heat exchange structure, adopts the direct heat exchange mode, makes the polarity terminal and the heat exchange medium direct contact, realizes the heat exchange of the polarity terminal, relative to the effect that the heat exchange medium carries out the indirect heat exchange to the polarity terminal through the heat exchange piece, first, has the shorter heat exchange path, can improve the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium, second, has the larger heat exchange area, improves the heat exchange efficiency, and further can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of such large capacity battery.

[0090] Based on the invention concept, the utility model discloses the channel 220 of the through polarity terminal 21 on each polarity terminal 21, and the inner cavity of channel 220 is directly used as the flow cavity of heat exchange medium, so that the heat exchange medium directly contacts the polarity terminal 21, the channel of each monomer battery located at the same side is interconnected, and two heat exchange channels are formed at the top of the large capacity battery, and the two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, and the heat exchange of the large capacity battery is realized based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0091] As shown in Figure 3 , the above-mentioned large capacity battery 62 is also provided with a burst pipe assembly 335 communicated with the shared chamber; in combination with Figure 2 It can be seen that in each battery pack assembly 60, the burst collector pipe 32 is communicated with the burst pipe assembly 335 of each large capacity battery, and the outlet end of the burst collector pipe 32 of each battery pack assembly is communicated with the smoke collector pipe in the whole energy storage device.

[0092] The specific structure of the battery pack assembly 60, the large capacity battery 62, the fire safety system 2 and the energy storage device will be described in detail in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0093] Embodiment 1

[0094] This embodiment is a battery pack assembly, as shown in Figure 2 , including a burst collector pipe 32 and 13 large capacity batteries 62, and in some other embodiments, the number of large capacity batteries 62 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0095] The large capacity battery 62, the specific structure can be referred to Figures 3 to 12 .

[0096] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the high-capacity battery 62 of this embodiment includes a housing 1 and a plurality of single cells 20 arranged within the housing 1 along the x-direction. In this embodiment, the single cells 20 are prismatic batteries, numbering twelve. Each single cell 20 has an internal cavity comprising an electrolyte region and a gas region. In other embodiments, the number of single cells 20 can be adjusted based on actual needs.

[0097] like Figure 5 As shown, the single cell 20 of this embodiment includes an outer shell and an electrode assembly and electrolyte located therein; the outer shell is enclosed by an outer cylinder, a lower cover assembly, and an upper cover assembly. The lower cover assembly of this embodiment includes a lower cover plate 127. An opening member 128 may also be provided on the lower cover plate 127. This opening member 128 can be separated from the lower cover plate 127 by an external force or the action of the electrolyte, forming a through hole in the lower cover plate 127 that penetrates the inner cavity of the outer shell. This through hole connects the inner cavity of each single cell 20 to the shared electrolyte chamber 40. The opening member 128 can be an existing structure, such as the opening member 128 disclosed in Chinese Patent CN221327991U, the sealing device disclosed in Chinese Patent CN117476997A, and the opening device disclosed in CN117477117A.

[0098] The upper cover assembly includes an upper cover plate 124 and two polarity terminals 21 located on the upper cover plate 124; the two polarity terminals 21 have opposite polarities and serve as positive and negative polarity terminals of the single battery 20 respectively;

[0099] It should be noted that insulation is maintained between the polarity terminal 21 and the upper cover plate 124 , and the insulation can be maintained by pouring insulating glue or providing an insulating rubber sleeve.

[0100] Combine Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that in this embodiment, a channel 220 is provided on each of the two polarity terminals 21, which passes through the polarity terminals 21. The inner cavity of the channel 220 is directly used as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium, so that the heat exchange medium directly contacts the polarity terminals 21, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0101] In this embodiment, the central axis of the channel 220 is parallel to the plane of the upper cover plate 124. In other embodiments, the extension line of the central axis of the channel 220 may have a certain angle with the upper cover plate 124, and the angle does not need to be equal to 90°.

[0102] The present invention does not limit the shape of the polarity terminal 21, and its cross section can be square or circular, etc. In addition, the present invention does not limit the cross section of the channel 220, and a channel with a relatively regular structure such as a circular or square cross section can generally be used.

[0103] In addition, the cross-sectional area of the channel 220 of the embodiment is not prone to being too large, so as not to affect the conductive performance of the polarity terminal 21; and the cross-sectional area of the channel 220 is also not prone to being too small, so as not to affect the heat exchange area and the heat exchange effect. The cross-sectional area of the channel 220 can be increased as much as possible under the premise of not affecting the conductive performance of the polarity terminal 21, so as to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange effect.

[0104] As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 , in order to further optimize the heat exchange effect, four partitioning rib plates 125 can be arranged in the channel 220 of the embodiment, the four partitioning rib plates 125 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the channel 220, and each partitioning rib plate 125 extends along the axis of the channel 220; based on the four partitioning rib plates 125, the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the polarity terminal 21, that is, the heat exchange area, can be increased, and thus the heat exchange effect can be effectively improved.

[0105] In other embodiments, the number and arrangement of the partitioning rib plates 125 can be adjusted according to the size of the channel, under the premise of not affecting the flow of the heat exchange medium.

[0106] The embodiment can also be provided with an opening piece on the upper cover plate 124, which is located between the two polarity terminals 21. The opening piece can be separated from the upper cover plate 124 of the single battery 20 under the action of external force or electrolyte, and a through hole is formed in the upper cover plate 124 to communicate with the inner cavity of the shell; based on the through hole, the inner cavity of each single battery 20 is in communication with the gas sharing chamber 5; the opening piece adopts the existing structure, and the structure of the opening piece 128 on the lower cover plate 127 can be the same or different.

[0107] In combination with Figure 4 It can be seen that the shell top plate 11 of the large-capacity battery of the embodiment is provided with an avoiding hole 6 through which the polarity terminal 21 of each single battery 20 extends; in the embodiment, the polarity terminal 21 of the single battery 20 is a pole of the single battery 20, which has a higher height than the pole of the conventional single battery 20. The part of the polarity terminal 21 of each single battery 20 provided with the channel 220 extends out of the corresponding avoiding hole 6, and the area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the avoiding hole 6 is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single battery 20.

[0108] The following scheme can be generally used to realize the sealing:

[0109] Scheme one: as shown in Figure 4 , each polarity terminal 21 of the single battery 20 extends out of the corresponding avoiding hole 6, and a sealing connecting piece 15 is additionally arranged between the avoiding hole 6 and the polarity terminal 21, so as to realize the fixed sealing between the area of the shell top plate 11 corresponding to the avoiding hole 6 and the shell of the single battery 20.

[0110] The sealing connector 15 comprises a hollow pipe; the bottom of the hollow pipe is used for sealing connection with the first area of the single battery 20, and the top of the hollow pipe is sealingly connected with the second area of the top plate 11 of the shell; wherein the first area is the area around the polar terminal 21 on the cover plate 124 of any single battery 20; wherein the area around the polar terminal 21 is the area around the insulating member on the polar terminal 21. The second area is the area of the top plate 11 of the shell corresponding to any one of the avoiding holes 6. The area of the top plate 11 of the shell corresponding to the avoiding hole 6 is the peripheral area of the top plate 11 of the shell corresponding to any one of the avoiding holes 6; or the area of the top plate 11 of the shell corresponding to the avoiding hole 6 is the hole wall of the avoiding hole 6.

[0111] Scheme two: glue is injected into the annular gap between the avoiding hole 6 and the polar terminal 21 to form a first insulating sealing glue layer, and the area of the top plate 11 of the shell corresponding to the avoiding hole 6 and the shell body of the single battery 20 are fixedly sealed.

[0112] As shown in the drawings, Figure 4 In this embodiment, a support 9 extending along the x direction is arranged between the shell bottom plate 12 and each single battery 20 to form a second channel as an electrolyte sharing chamber 40. On the shell top plate 11, a boss 10 extending along the x direction is arranged, and a first channel is formed on the boss 10. The first channel is connected with the inner cavity of the shell 1 and communicates with the gas area in the inner cavity of each single battery 20. When the inner cavity of the single battery 20 produces gas, the inner cavity of the first channel can also serve as a gas containing cavity to relieve the problem of the shell 1 swelling caused by gas production. In other embodiments, the boss structure can not be provided, and each single battery 20 can be connected through a through hole penetrating the inner cavity thereof to achieve gas communication and achieve gas balance.

[0113] In other embodiments, only the electrolyte sharing chamber 40 or the gas sharing chamber 5 can be provided.

[0114] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 In this embodiment, the connection pipe assembly 3 is used to connect the channels 220 on the polar terminals 21 of all single batteries 20 in the large-capacity battery to form a heat exchange channel, and a heat exchange medium is introduced into the heat exchange channel to achieve heat dissipation or heating of the large-capacity battery. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery is higher than a set threshold, a heat exchange medium with a lower temperature is introduced into the heat exchange channel to cool the large-capacity battery. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery is lower than a set threshold, a heat exchange medium with a higher temperature is introduced into the heat exchange channel to heat the large-capacity battery. By controlling the temperature of the heat exchange medium, the large-capacity battery can always operate at a normal working temperature.

[0115] From Figure 3As can be seen, the connecting pipe assembly 3 of the embodiment comprises a first sub-connecting pipe 31 and a plurality of second sub-connecting pipes 324; the two ends of each second sub-connecting pipe 324 are connected with the polar terminal 21 channels 220 on the same side of the adjacent single battery 20, and two heat exchange channels are formed at the top of the large-capacity battery; the channels 220 of the two polar terminals 21 of the outermost single battery 20 are connected by the first sub-connecting pipe 31, that is, the two heat exchange channels are connected in series, and a U-shaped heat exchange channel is formed at the top of the large-capacity battery; the two ports of the U-shaped heat exchange channel are used as the liquid inlet and outlet ports and are connected with the outlet and inlet of the heat exchange medium source.

[0116] As shown in Figure 10 , it is a partial cross-sectional view of a large-capacity battery constructed by using the single battery shown in Figure 8 ; the end face of the second sub-connecting pipe 324 abuts against the end face of the partitioning rib plate 125 in the channel 220; in addition to increasing the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the polar terminal 21, the partitioning rib plate 125 can also limit the second sub-connecting pipe 324 in the axial direction (x direction), thereby further improving the stability of the second sub-connecting pipe 324 in the channel 220.

[0117] The free ends of the two polar terminal 21 channels 220 of the outermost single battery 20 (the free ends herein refer to the ports of the channels 220 that are not connected with the second sub-connecting pipe 324) can be directly used as the two ports of the U-shaped heat exchange channel (i.e., as the liquid inlet and outlet ports) and are connected with the outlet and inlet of the heat exchange medium source through external pipelines.

[0118] In order to facilitate the connection with the external pipeline, as shown in Figure 3 , the embodiment can further connect a third sub-connecting pipe 330 with the free ends of the polar terminal 21 channels 220 that are used as the liquid inlet and outlet ports, and the third sub-connecting pipe 330 is connected with the external pipeline.

[0119] In other embodiments, the two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel, that is, the ports on one side of the two heat exchange channels are used as the liquid inlet ports and are connected with the outlet of the heat exchange medium source, and the ports on the other side of the two heat exchange channels are used as the liquid outlet ports and are connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium source.

[0120] It should be noted that:

[0121] 1. Since the polar terminal 21 of the utility model directly contacts with the heat exchange medium, the ideal heat exchange medium should have good insulation, high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, good flame retardant performance, low cost, suitable working temperature, long service life, non-corrosive and other characteristics. In the utility model, the heat exchange medium is an insulation heat exchange medium commonly used in the prior art, which can be but is not limited to insulation oil and fluorinated liquid.

[0122] 2. Since the connecting tube assembly 3 is in direct contact with the polarity terminal 21, if the polarity terminals 21 of the same single battery 20 are electrically connected through the connecting tube assembly 3, a short circuit will occur. Figure 3 In the structure shown (two heat exchange channels connected in series), the first sub-connecting pipe 31 and the two polarity terminals 21 to which it is connected must be insulated;

[0123] Insulation can usually be achieved in the following ways:

[0124] 2.1. Select the first sub-connecting pipe 31 made of insulating material;

[0125] 2.2. If the first sub-connecting tube 31 is made of a non-insulating material, the wall of the first sub-connecting tube 31 may be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint or wrapping it with an insulating film. The inner wall where the channel 220 connects to the first sub-connecting tube 31 may also be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint. An insulating sleeve may also be provided between the first sub-connecting tube 31 and the channel 220. Of course, for safety reasons, the above methods may be combined to adopt multiple insulation methods to achieve insulation between the sub-connecting tube of the channel 220 and the polarity terminal 21.

[0126] In this embodiment, the first sub-connecting tube 31 is made of an insulating material to achieve insulation between the first sub-connecting tube 31 and the polarity terminal 21 .

[0127] In addition, since the heat exchange medium flows in the heat exchange channel, the sealing of the entire heat exchange channel is particularly important. In order to ensure the sealing of the heat exchange channel, Figure 10 It can be seen that the first sub-connecting pipe 31, the second sub-connecting pipe 324 and the third sub-connecting pipe 330 ( Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view, not showing the first sub-connecting pipe 31 and the third sub-connecting pipe 330 , which are sealed and connected to the corresponding ports of the channel 220 in an interference fit manner.

[0128] In other embodiments, a sealing ring may be added between the two to further improve the sealing performance of the connection portion.

[0129] In some other embodiments, threaded sealing connection may be used to achieve sealed connection between the first sub-connecting pipe 31 , the second sub-connecting pipe 324 and the third sub-connecting pipe 330 and the corresponding ports of the channel 220 .

[0130] During assembly, the ends of the second sub-connecting tube 324 are inserted into the two ends of the channels 220 of the polarity terminals 21 of adjacent battery cells 20. When the second sub-connecting tube 324 is constructed from a rigid material, the channels 220 of the polarity terminals 21 of adjacent battery cells 20 must be coaxial for effective connection. However, in some cases, due to manufacturing errors, it is difficult to ensure the coaxiality of the channels 220 of the polarity terminals 21 of adjacent battery cells 20. Therefore, in this embodiment, the non-connecting portion of the second sub-connecting tube 324 (herein, the non-connecting portion refers to the portion of the second sub-connecting tube 324 that is not connected to the ends of the channels 220, which can also be understood as the middle section of the second sub-connecting tube 324) preferably has a certain degree of flexibility. This deformation of the second sub-connecting tube 324 overcomes these manufacturing errors and facilitates the sealed connection between the second sub-connecting tube 324 and the corresponding ends of the channels 220.

[0131] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the explosion relief pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 62 of this embodiment includes a first explosion relief member 310 and a second explosion relief member 320; wherein the first explosion relief member 310 includes a first hollow pipe 3110, an explosion relief membrane is provided inside the first hollow pipe 3110, which is used to connect with the shell 1. In order to fix it at the first through hole 1148 of the shell 1, an annular plate is provided on the outer wall of one end of the first hollow pipe 3110 in this embodiment, and the annular plate is sealed around the first through hole 1148 by friction welding; the second explosion relief member 320 is a three-way pipe, the first interface 321 of which is sealed with the first explosion relief member 310, and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively used to connect with the flexible pipe section 4 constituting the explosion relief manifold 32 (see Figure 13 The first interface 321 is a three-way vertical pipe ( Figure 12 In the pipe section parallel to the x direction), the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively the tee pipe transverse pipe ( Figure 12 The joints at both ends of the pipe segment parallel to the y direction.

[0132] The first interface 321 can be connected to the first explosion relief member 310 by threading, welding, or interference fit. In this embodiment, a flexible tee is used, where a flexible nut is connected to one end of the vertical tube of the tee as a flexible joint. External threads are provided on the outer wall of the end of the first explosion relief member 310 that connects to the second explosion relief member 320. The flexible joint of the second explosion relief member 320 is threadedly connected to the external threads on the outer wall of the first explosion relief member 310. The flexible joint allows for convenient direct connection to the first explosion relief member 310. A sealing gasket is provided at the free end of the first explosion relief member 310 to ensure a sealed connection.

[0133] In the assembly of the battery pack assembly 60, first, each tee pipe is fixed on the corresponding first explosion venting member 310 to form a large capacity battery 62 with an explosion venting pipe assembly 335, then, a plurality of large capacity batteries 62 are arranged in a set direction, and finally, adjacent two tee pipes are connected by using the flexible pipe section 4, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14 Figure 14 only schematically show the outermost two large capacity batteries 62.

[0134] Since the embodiment adopts the spliced explosion venting manifold 32, and the intermediate connecting pipe section is the flexible pipe section 4, the installation error of the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 and the spacing deviation between the large capacity batteries 62 can be compensated based on the deformation of the flexible pipe section 4, and the installation difficulty of the explosion venting manifold 32 is reduced.

[0135] It should be noted that, in order to further improve the safety, the explosion venting manifold 32 and the large capacity battery 62 should be insulated, such as using the flexible pipe section 4 and / or the tee pipe made of insulating and high-temperature-resistant (thermal runaway smoke temperature) material, and / or adding an insulating pipe section between the first explosion venting pipe and the tee pipe to achieve the insulation.

[0136] Embodiment 2

[0137] The embodiment is another large capacity battery, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that, on the basis of the embodiment 1, an insulating sealing adhesive layer 7 is laid on the top of the large capacity battery of the embodiment 1.

[0138] The specific structure is shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16 The insulating sealing adhesive layer 7 covers the top of the large capacity battery, the main part of the heat exchange channel (which can be understood as including each second sub-connecting pipe 324 and the channel 220 on each polarity terminal 21) is located in the insulating sealing adhesive layer, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange channel are exposed from the insulating sealing adhesive layer 7, so as to be connected with the heat exchange medium source, and at the same time, the insulating sealing adhesive layer 7 also fills the space between the polarity terminal 21 and the sealing connecting piece 15.

[0139] In the embodiment, the electrical connection part 1211 of all the polarity terminals 21 extends out of the insulating sealing adhesive layer 7, so as to be connected with the electrical connecting piece assembly (which is an electrical connecting piece for realizing the parallel connection of each single battery 20 in the large capacity battery and / or the series connection of adjacent large capacity batteries).

[0140] Laying the insulating sealing adhesive layer 7 on the top of the large capacity battery has at least the following advantages:

[0141] I. Further improve the sealing performance of the heat exchange channel;

[0142] ​Specifically, the insulating sealant constituting the insulating sealant layer 7 penetrates into the tiny gap between the two ends of the channel 220 and the connecting pipe assembly 3 (including the first sub-connecting pipe, the second sub-connecting pipe, and the third sub-connecting pipe) (the insulating sealant cannot enter the inner cavity of the heat exchange channel through the tiny gap), further sealing the gap in the radial direction;

[0143] 2. Secondary sealing of avoidance hole 6;

[0144] Even if there is a small gap between the sealing connector 15 and the housing of the single battery 20 and the housing top plate 11 (the gap does not allow the insulating sealant to pass through), the insulating sealant can be filled in the space between the polarity terminal 21 and the sealing connector 15 to seal such a small gap, thereby further improving the sealing performance of the avoidance hole 6.

[0145] 3. Anti-condensation;

[0146] During prolonged use, condensation may form on the surface of the second sub-connecting tube 324 due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit. The second sub-connecting tube 324 is wrapped with an insulating sealant layer 7. When condensation forms on the surface of the second sub-connecting tube 324, the insulating sealant layer 7 protects the second sub-connecting tube 324 from short circuiting.

[0147] In some other embodiments, after the electrical connection assembly is connected to the polarity terminal 21, an insulating sealant layer 7 can be laid on the top of the large-capacity battery, that is, the insulating sealant layer 7 completely covers the polarity terminal 21 of the single battery 20 and the connection part between the electrical connection assembly and the polarity terminal 21; in the entire large-capacity battery, after the outer shell 1 is insulated, only the free end of the electrical connection assembly (used to realize the series connection of large-capacity batteries) is exposed and charged, and the rest of the parts are insulated, so that such large-capacity batteries have higher safety performance.

[0148] In order to prevent the problem of glue overflow during the glue injection process, the local structure of the shell 1 is used as a glue baffle. Figure 17 and Figure 18 , the structure of the housing 1 of this embodiment is described in detail.

[0149] like Figure 17 As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the shell 1 of this embodiment, in which the shell 1 is disassembled into an outer cylinder 13 with two open ends and an end plate 14 covering the open ends of the outer cylinder 13. Figure 18As shown, the outer cylinder 13 is open at both ends, i.e., the open end of the outer cylinder 13 is parallel to the yz plane; in the z direction, the height of the outer cylinder side plate 131 is higher than the height of the outer cylinder top plate 132; the part of the outer cylinder side plate 131 higher than the outer cylinder top plate 132 is used as a glue blocking plate. The outer cylinder 13 can be integrally formed by aluminum extrusion process, which is convenient to process, and has good sealing compared to a split structure.

[0150] In addition, the embodiment can also be provided with an insulating protective cover 64 on the top of the large-capacity battery 62 (for reference Figure 2 and Figure 11 ), and the part of the insulating protective cover 64 is used as a glue injection mold, so that demolding is not needed after glue injection, and the bonding strength of the insulating protective cover 64 and the top of the large-capacity battery 62 can be improved. In addition, if the polarity terminal is directly exposed to the external environment, there is a great safety hazard due to the electrification of the polarity terminal during use. Therefore, the insulating protective cover 64 provided on the top of the large-capacity battery 62 can also provide insulation protection for the polarity terminal, avoiding the safety hazard that may exist due to the exposure of the polarity terminal during the operation of the large-capacity battery 62, and also avoiding the problem that foreign matters in the external environment fall into the position of the polarity terminal to cause the short circuit of the large-capacity battery 62, thereby improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 62.

[0151] Embodiment 3

[0152] The embodiment is an energy storage device, which comprises a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly 60 in the above embodiment.

[0153] As Figure 19 shown, the fire safety system 2 comprises a first fire unit 020, and the structure of the first fire unit 020 is as Figure 20 shown, comprising a smoke gas bus duct and a smoke gas treatment unit 22, the smoke gas bus duct is used for conveying the thermal runaway generated by the large-capacity battery 62 to the smoke gas treatment unit 22; the smoke gas treatment unit 22 is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke gas generated by each large-capacity battery 62. The structure of the smoke gas bus duct and the smoke gas treatment unit 22 will be described in detail below.

[0154] In order to prevent the thermal runaway smoke gas of the large-capacity battery 62 in the individual battery pack assembly 60 from diffusing into the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the thermal runaway smoke gas of all the battery pack assemblies 60 is converged by the smoke gas bus duct, and when the large-capacity battery 62 in any battery pack assembly 60 occurs thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke gas can be discharged through the smoke gas bus duct, thereby reducing the diffusion of thermal runaway.

[0155] The flue gas manifold of the embodiment includes a first-level manifold 211 and a second-level manifold 2120. The first-level manifold 211 is connected with the outlet end of the explosion vent manifold 32 of each battery pack assembly 60, and the second-level manifold 2120 is connected with each first-level manifold 211 to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each first-level manifold 211 to the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0156] In combination Figure 1 , the battery pack assemblies 60 of the energy storage device are arranged along the z direction to form a battery cluster, and a total of four battery clusters are included. For the energy storage device, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 20 It can be seen that the embodiment includes four first-level manifolds 211, each of which is connected with the outlet end of the explosion vent manifold 32 of each battery pack assembly 60 in each battery cluster (as shown in Figure 21 , and Figure 21 is an enlarged schematic view of region a in Figure 1 . The second-level manifold 2120 is connected with each first-level manifold 211 to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each first-level manifold 211 to the flue gas treatment unit 22.

[0157] The flue gas manifold described above collects the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery cluster and centrally leads it to the flue gas treatment unit 22 behind for treatment. However, in each large-capacity battery 62 described above, when there is a certain amount of free electrolyte in the shared chamber, the electrolyte is sprayed out together with the thermal runaway flue gas when the large-capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, which has a certain safety hazard. Based on this, in combination Figure 22 , the flue gas treatment unit 22 in the embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 230, the inlet of which is connected with the outlet of the second-level manifold 2120, and which is mainly used for fully treating the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity battery 62 to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas, thereby reducing the content of flammable substances (electrolyte and flammable gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0158] The liquid treatment device 230 in the embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 2301, which are filled with a liquid treatment medium. The number of liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity batteries 62 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be connected in series through a connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2301 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, an oval tank, etc. A circular tank is the best choice, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0159] The above M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be all filled with liquid treatment medium. When filled, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301 to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 being pressed into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0160] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke gas of the large-capacity battery 62 is too large when it is initially vented, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be pressed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway smoke gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 2301, of which the first to eighth liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke gas discharged by the large-capacity battery 62 is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium pressed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway smoke gas, avoid the liquid treatment medium being pressed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 in use.

[0161] As shown in Figure 22 The liquid treatment tank 2301 is provided with a smoke gas inlet 2303, a smoke gas outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305. The smoke gas inlet 2303 is used to input the thermal runaway smoke gas into the liquid treatment tank 2301, the smoke gas outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway smoke gas, and the liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. The smoke gas inlet 2303 can be arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, or at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. To facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 2301, the smoke gas inlet 2303 and the smoke gas outlet 2304 are preferably arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectability of the entire thermal runaway smoke gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline arrangement. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 2302 can adopt a metal bellows. After being connected by a metal bellows, each liquid treatment tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meet various installation requirements, and save installation space.

[0162] As shown in Figure 23As shown, after the flue gas inlet 2303 is arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, in order to make the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, a draft tube 2306 is connected to the flue gas inlet 2303, and at least part of the draft tube 2306 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Preferably, the draft tube 2306 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it is fully contacted with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, and the liquid treatment medium can more fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0163] The end of the above-mentioned draft tube 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium is provided with a flow dividing part 2307. The flow dividing part 2307 disperses and divides the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway flue gas has a large inflow and a small outflow, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas and makes the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The flow dividing part 2307 in the embodiment can be a foamed copper column. The foamed copper column is easy to install and has good dispersion and division effect. Specifically, the foamed copper column is fixed to the port of the end of the draft tube 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foamed copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional pores in a copper matrix, which has a dispersion and buffering effect on fluid. In use, the foamed copper column is processed into a columnar structure. The thermal runaway flue gas in the draft tube 2306 flows out of the foamed copper column and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foamed copper column, so as to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the dispersed thermal runaway flue gas fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium.

[0164] In order to further make the thermal runaway flue gas fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 is arranged on the above-mentioned draft tube 2306, or a plurality of baffle plates are arranged on the draft tube 2306. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates increases the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway flue gas more fully contacts with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 from the flue gas inlet 2303 of the liquid treatment tank 2301, then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the draft tube 2306, and then is dispersed by the foamed copper column. The spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates makes the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 during the process of rising from the bottom, so as to be treated correspondingly. Specifically, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed on the draft tube 2306. The baffle plate is a semicircular baffle. The plurality of baffle plates are arranged from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the draft tube 2306, and the adjacent baffle plates are installed in a staggered manner.

[0165] After the liquid treatment tank is completed, the liquid treatment medium is filled, which is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas, thereby reducing the content of flammable substances (electrolyte and flammable gas) in the thermal runaway smoke gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically use the following substances:

[0166] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of "like dissolves like", the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke gas, and can also prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can be specifically diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can be specifically benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutyl alcohol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, iso-octanol solvent, n-propanol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptanal, phenylpropyl aldehyde or methyl non-ethyl aldehyde, etc.

[0167] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, which can be specifically sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkali solution can react with the carbonate in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gas, thereby treating the thermal runaway smoke gas at the source. At the same time, the alkali solution can cool the thermal runaway smoke gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the alkali solution. In addition, the alkali solution has good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke gas.

[0168] Among the above two liquid treatment media, the alkali solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the gas. Therefore, the alkali solution has better treatment effect than the organic solvent.

[0169] For the alkali solution, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke gas. However, the inventors found that the low-concentration alkali solution has better treatment effect than the high-concentration alkali solution, especially the alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5 mol / L. When the thermal runaway smoke gas passes through the alkali solution with this concentration, the amount of gas collected is the smallest, and the treatment effect is better than that of the alkali solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or more. Therefore, when the alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke gas, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and the low-concentration alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke gas, so that the alkali solution can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke gas.

[0170] A large number of battery thermal runaway tests were conducted using NaOH solution as an alkaline solution. After comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions with different concentrations on thermal runaway smoke, it was found that the volume of gas collected after treating thermal runaway smoke with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution was the smallest, the effect was remarkable after treating with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the effect was best after treating with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0171] When the thermal runaway smoke is transported into the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with acidic substances such as electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and HF in the thermal runaway smoke, for example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequent CO2 also occurs: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O, and after the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced.

[0172] Table 1 Thermal runaway data of full-power 32650 batteries without treatment

[0173]

[0174] Table 2 Treatment results of NaOH solutions with different concentrations

[0175]

[0176]

[0177]

[0178] According to the above test data, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is not treated, and the collected gas volume is 4L. When the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by NaOH solution with a concentration of more than 0.5mol / L, the collected gas is generally greater than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. When the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is treated by NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5mol / L, the gas volume is relatively small, all less than 2L. After treatment by 0.1-0.2mol / L NaOH, the effect is remarkable. After treatment by 0.1mol / L NaOH, the collected gas volume is only about 1L, and the effect is optimal. Therefore, NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5mol / L has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway smoke after battery thermal runaway.

[0179] As shown in Figure 24 , the smoke treatment unit of the present embodiment can also include a solid treatment device. According to the above test results, an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway smoke, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway smoke is greatly reduced. On this basis, a solid treatment device can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke is completely non-combustible.

[0180] As can be seen from Figure 24 , the solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device and is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank 231. The number of solid treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number and demand of large-capacity batteries in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be arranged in series. In this case, the smoke inlet of the first solid treatment tank is connected with the smoke outlet of the last liquid treatment tank in the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment tank has a structure similar to that of the liquid treatment tank, and is filled with solid adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment tank.

[0181] The solid adsorption medium in the above solid treatment tank can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotube, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., which is used to treat the residual gas treated by the liquid treatment tank, such as adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is activated carbon which has relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. Such activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gas in the thermal runaway smoke, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0182] Table 3 Adsorption test of NaOH solution and activated carbon combination

[0183]

[0184]

[0185] Through the experimental data, it is found that the effect of using NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 filter canister P-B-3 activated carbon) on the treatment of battery thermal runaway smoke is very good. After many experiments, it is found that the thermal runaway smoke of the full 32650 battery after thermal runaway is first treated by 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, and then adsorbed by 270 g of activated carbon. The volume of the collected gas is 0.3-0.5 L, and the collected gas is not flammable.

[0186] The smoke treatment system in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery into the liquid treatment tank for treatment. The liquid treatment tank treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried by the battery thermal runaway smoke, prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway gas. The subsequent solid treatment tank can complete the treatment of the thermal runaway smoke by using less solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, which improves the safety of the energy storage device.

[0187] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include a solid treatment device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the solid treatment device through the smoke bus duct for treatment.

[0188] The smoke treatment unit in this embodiment can also include an ignition device 2210. As shown in Figure 24 , the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device, and performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device. The above-mentioned ignition device 2210 can adopt the structure disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0189] In some embodiments, the smoke treatment unit can also only include an ignition device. The thermal runaway smoke generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the ignition device through the smoke bus duct, and the ignition device directly performs separate ignition treatment on all the thermal runaway smoke.

[0190] As Figure 24As shown, the above-mentioned ignition device 2210 comprises a flue gas pipeline 2321 connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301 in the liquid treatment device 230 (for example, without setting a solid adsorption device), and at least one set of ignition assembly. The ignition assembly is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321. Among them, the number of ignition assemblies can be set according to the needs, which can be set to 1 set, 2 sets, 3 sets or 4 sets or more sets. When multiple sets are set, not only can the hot runaway flue gas be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hazard that a single ignition assembly fails or fails to reliably ignite the hot runaway flue gas can be avoided.

[0191] As shown in Figure 24 Each ignition assembly comprises a smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and an igniter 2323 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The smoke exhaust pipe 2322 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 2322 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all communicated with the flue gas pipeline 2321). The igniter 2323 is turned on when the heat runaway occurs in any large-capacity battery 62, and then the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 230 is transported into the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 through the flue gas pipeline 2321, and the igniter 2323 ignites the heat runaway flue gas discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The igniter 2323 can be turned on by a trigger 2324 or by a BMS (battery management system). When the trigger 2324 is turned on, the trigger 2324 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 or on the flue gas pipeline 2321 to detect parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time, and when the set threshold is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 2323. Specifically, the above-mentioned trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When the trigger 2324 is started, a flame arrester 2325 can also be arranged on the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, which is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 to damage the trigger 2324 and other devices. When the BMS is turned on, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each large-capacity battery 62 in the energy storage device in real time, and when the voltage, current and temperature of any large-capacity battery 62 exceed the threshold, the igniter 2323 is started.

[0192] The structure of the above-mentioned igniter 2323 can be various, for example, it can specifically adopt an existing electric arc igniter 2323 or resistance wire igniter 2323, etc. The electric arc igniter 2323 can specifically adopt a pulse igniter 2323, and the power supply mode of the igniter 2323 can be dry batteries or alternating current according to the site environment.

[0193] When the large capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large capacity battery 62 enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the smoke busbar, the liquid treatment device 230 carries out targeted treatment on the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke, and then the ignition device 2210 carries out controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device 230, so as to reduce the safety hidden danger generated after the thermal runaway smoke is discharged.

[0194] The smoke treatment unit 22 of the embodiment can also include a buffer device, which is arranged between the smoke busbar and the smoke treatment unit 22 and buffers the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment unit 22.

[0195] As shown in Figure 25 The buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet port 2341 and a smoke outlet port 2342 communicating with the inner cavity thereof; the smoke inlet port 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected with the smoke outlet port 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 25 As shown in the smoke treatment unit 22 includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230 and an ignition device 2210, the buffer device is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0196] In the above buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number and demand of the large capacity battery 62. If the buffer tanks 234 are multiple, the multiple buffer tanks 234 can be connected in series through the connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited, which can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank and an oval tank, etc., and the circular tank is the best, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0197] The number of buffer tanks 234 in the embodiment is one, which is an empty tank body without filling material inside, and is arranged between the smoke busbar and the smoke treatment unit 22, mainly having the following functions:

[0198] First, buffer the thermal runaway smoke;

[0199] A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the flue gas treatment unit 22, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate, and the liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway flue gas more fully, or when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway flue gas with a large instantaneous pressure rapidly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be fully treated, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium;

[0200] Second, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected;

[0201] The above-mentioned large-capacity battery 62 with a shared chamber has a certain amount of free electrolyte, which is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas when the large-capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, especially when the explosion venting area is arranged at the bottom of the shell 1, almost all the free electrolyte in the shared chamber is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device 230, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid at the same time, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230;

[0202] When the large-capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte in the large-capacity battery 62 is sprayed out with the thermal runaway flue gas, and the electrolyte is ignited together with the flammable gas. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas may cause flame spatter and other hazards during combustion. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas participates in combustion at the same time as the flammable gas, producing a large amount of combustion flame, which may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210 and pose a certain safety hazard. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the ignition device 2210, which buffers the thermal runaway flue gas and separates the gas and liquid at the same time, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, which not only prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce flammable gas and reduces the amount of flammable gas, but also when the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the flammable gas is burned (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), so that the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited is reduced, and the safety hazard to the surrounding environment is reduced;

[0203] Third, the thermal runaway flue gas is removed;

[0204] When the large-capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery 20 is about 140°C to 850°C. At this temperature, the separators, plastic films, plastic parts, and other fusible parts inside the single battery 20 are melted by the high temperature. The above molten substances are ejected from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway smoke. During the process of flowing through the smoke manifold to the rear thermal runaway smoke treatment device, as the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke decreases, the molten substances gradually solidify and block the pipes in the smoke treatment unit 22. At this time, by adding the buffer tank 234, the molten substances and other impurities ejected along with the thermal runaway smoke are deposited and collected in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway smoke is buffered in the buffer tank 234, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the subsequent pipes.

[0205] Fourth, the backflushed liquid treatment medium is collected.

[0206] When the large-capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke ejected instantaneously has high pressure. The high-pressure thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the smoke manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a shunt part 2307, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and pressure builds up in the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, the following phenomenon may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301 to the smoke manifold, the smoke manifold is blocked, and the subsequent generated thermal runaway smoke cannot be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the smoke manifold.

[0207] A buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed, the liquid treatment medium is collected in the front buffer tank 234 and does not flow into the smoke manifold, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the smoke manifold, so that the thermal runaway smoke can be smoothly discharged to the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0208] As Figure 25As shown, the buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet port 2341 and a smoke outlet port 2342 which are in communication with the inner cavity of the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet port 2341 is mainly used for connecting with the smoke manifold, and the smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 62 into the buffer tank 234. The smoke outlet port 2342 is mainly used for discharging the thermal runaway smoke in the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet port 2341 and the smoke outlet port 2342 can be arranged on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In the embodiment, the smoke inlet port 2341 and the smoke outlet port 2342 are arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234. The smoke inlet port 2341 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke deposit on the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity, and the liquid in the buffer tank 234 is difficult to be squeezed into the smoke manifold in front through the smoke inlet port 2341 on the top. The smoke outlet port 2342 is arranged on the top of the buffer tank 234, which can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke not be discharged smoothly, and make the gas in the thermal runaway smoke be discharged smoothly from the buffer tank 234.

[0209] In addition, a liquid discharge valve can be arranged at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 234. In order to facilitate the standardization and integration of the energy storage device, the buffer tank 234 can adopt a structure similar to the liquid treatment tank 2301.

[0210] Reference Figure 25 The smoke gas treatment system of the embodiment can further include at least one safety device (each safety device including a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230).

[0211] If the smoke gas treatment system does not have a safety device, the following problems can exist:

[0212] First, if multiple large-capacity batteries 62 simultaneously occur thermal runaway, the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke can be too large to open the reverse of the explosion venting part (i.e., the explosion venting membrane in the explosion venting pipe assembly 335) of the large-capacity battery 62, which can affect the large-capacity battery 62 that does not occur thermal runaway and cause safety hazards, or damage the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold, causing the smoke manifold to leak and causing safety hazards.

[0213] Secondly, since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow dividing part 2307, heat runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, and the heat runaway flue gas is accumulated in the flue gas manifold and is pressurized. When the pressure is too large, the reverse opening of the explosion venting part (i.e., the explosion venting membrane in the explosion venting pipe assembly 335) of the large-capacity battery 62 will affect the large-capacity battery 62 that has not undergone heat runaway, and a safety hazard will be caused, or the sealing of the connection of the flue gas manifold will be damaged, the flue gas manifold will leak, and a safety hazard will be caused.

[0214] Based on this, the energy storage device of the embodiment can further include at least one safety device. When the pressure of the heat runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large, the safety device can discharge the heat runaway flue gas through the safety device to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the flue gas manifold, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0215] As shown in Figure 25 each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230. The inlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is in communication with the flue gas manifold or the buffer tank 234, and the outlet is in communication with the external environment, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected with the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid treatment tank 231, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is in communication with the flue gas pipeline 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety discharge part 2230 is arranged on the safety pipeline 2220, and the opening pressure thereof is less than the opening pressure of the explosion venting membrane (the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 is the explosion venting part of the large-capacity battery 62) in the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 62. The safety device is used to discharge the heat runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the pressure of the heat runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too large to cause a safety hazard, so as to avoid the influence of the heat runaway flue gas on the large-capacity battery that has not undergone heat runaway, or the influence on the sealing of the connection of the flue gas manifold, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0216] The safety discharge part 2230 can be implemented by the following structures: first, a pressure relief membrane or a pressure relief valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220; second, a safety valve is used, which can be opened at a set pressure; the safety valve can be a pressure valve, which can be automatically opened at a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the smoke manifold exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve is automatically opened, which has high reliability, and the installation of the safety valve is also convenient; third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are used; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the smoke manifold, and the control valve is opened when the pressure of the gas in the smoke manifold exceeds the threshold; the pressure measuring device can be a pressure sensor, and the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, which is connected to the pressure measuring device; the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the smoke manifold.

[0217] In combination Figure 19 and Figure 26 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can further include a secondary fire unit 021, which mainly includes a fire extinguishing device 24 and a fire pipeline 25; the fire extinguishing device 24 stores fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline 25 is used to deliver the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device 24 to the box of the energy storage device. The inlet of the fire pipeline 25 is connected to the fire extinguishing device 24, and the outlet is arranged in the box of the energy storage device.

[0218] In the embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged at the top of the box of the energy storage device, so that the fire extinguishing substances can be sprayed through the fire extinguishing agent nozzle to ensure that the fire extinguishing substances can cover all the large-capacity batteries 62. The fire extinguishing device 24 stores a certain amount of fire extinguishing substances, which are specifically perfluorohexone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is arranged at the outlet of the fire extinguishing device 24, which is started by the BMS or by the sensor arranged in the box of the energy storage device. When the sensor is started, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector, which monitors the environment in the box of the energy storage device in real time and opens the control valve according to the detection data.

[0219] When the thermal runaway occurs in the large capacity battery 62, the thermal runaway smoke of the thermal runaway battery can be led out and treated by the first fire extinguishing unit 020, and the thermal diffusion is prevented, so that the situation that other batteries or even the whole energy storage device are out of control and explode due to thermal diffusion when the individual large capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway is avoided, and the high temperature and high pressure gas is also avoided from gathering in the limited space to cause danger; when the thermal runaway smoke exists in the box of the energy storage device, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started to spray the fire extinguishing material on the thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device and the burning and exploding battery, and the thermal runaway is further prevented from continuing to occur. The first fire extinguishing unit 020 and the second fire extinguishing unit 021 can cool and extinguish the fire of the thermal runaway battery according to the situation, and the safety of the energy storage device is greatly improved.

[0220] In combination Figure 19 and as Figure 26 , the fire safety system 2 of the embodiment can further include a third fire extinguishing unit 022, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 includes a fire water spraying pipeline 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline 26, the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline 26 is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is arranged on the top of the box of the energy storage device. The fire water spraying pipeline 26 can cooperate with the second fire extinguishing unit 021 to extinguish the fire of multiple batteries when multiple large capacity batteries 62 are in thermal runaway and the burning fire is large, or after the fire extinguishing material in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is consumed, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures on the large capacity battery 62, and the safety of the whole energy storage device is further improved. In other embodiments, the fire safety system 2 can not be provided with the third fire extinguishing unit 022; or when the fire extinguishing material in the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is water, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is a fire water connector arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire water connector is used for connecting with an external fire water pipe.

[0221] The working principle of the fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0222] When the large-capacity batteries 62 in the box of the energy storage device are working normally, the first fire extinguishing unit 020, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 do not work. When a certain large-capacity battery 62 is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 62 is transported to the smoke treatment unit 22 through the smoke collecting pipe for treatment. When the smoke collecting pipe leaks or the smoke treatment device fails, there is thermal runaway smoke in the box of the energy storage device, or the large-capacity battery 62 is on fire or explodes, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is started, and the fire extinguishing device 24 sprays the fire extinguishing material through the fire extinguishing pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing material prevents the thermal runaway smoke from causing a fire, or the fire extinguishing material extinguishes the fire of the battery that has caught fire or exploded. If the fire cannot be controlled after the second fire extinguishing unit 021 is actuated, the third fire extinguishing unit 022 is connected to the external fire water, and the water mist nozzle 27 is used for fire extinguishing. Alternatively, when multiple large-capacity batteries 62 are in thermal runaway at the same time and the burning fire is large, the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are started at the same time to start fire extinguishing.

[0223] It should be noted that when the second fire extinguishing unit 021 and the third fire extinguishing unit 022 are started, the ignition device 2210 in the first fire extinguishing unit 020 does not work.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized by: The fire safety system comprises at least one battery pack assembly. The fire safety system comprises a first fire unit, the first fire unit comprises a smoke confluence pipe and a smoke treatment unit, the smoke confluence pipe is used for conveying thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly into the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used for treating the thermal runaway smoke. Each battery pack assembly comprises a venting confluence pipe and at least one high-capacity battery; each high-capacity battery comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries; the plurality of single batteries are arranged in the shell cavity along the x direction, the shell is provided with at least one shared chamber and a venting pipe assembly in communication with the at least one shared chamber; the shared chamber cavity and all single battery cavities are through; the shell top plate is provided with a plurality of avoiding holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single battery; each single battery polarity terminal extends out of the corresponding avoiding hole, and the shell top plate region corresponding to the avoiding hole is fixedly sealed with the single battery shell body; each polarity terminal is provided with a channel penetrating through the polarity terminal at the position extending out of the corresponding avoiding hole, and the channels on the same side polarity terminals of adjacent single batteries are in communication with each other, thereby forming two heat exchange channels at the top of the high-capacity battery. The venting confluence pipe is in communication with the venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the venting confluence pipe is in communication with the smoke confluence pipe.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the channel is provided with a partition rib plate for increasing the heat exchange area.

3. The energy storage device of claim 2, wherein: The partition rib plate is in the form of a plurality of partition rib plates, and the plurality of partition rib plates are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the channel.

4. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The high-capacity battery further comprises a connecting pipe assembly; the connecting pipe assembly comprises a plurality of second sub-connecting pipes; the two ends of each second sub-connecting pipe are respectively in sealing connection with the channels on the same side polarity terminals of adjacent single batteries.

5. The energy storage device of claim 4, wherein: The connecting pipe assembly further comprises a first sub-connecting pipe; the two ends of the first sub-connecting pipe are respectively in insulating sealing connection with the channels on the two polarity terminals of the outermost single battery in the high-capacity battery.

6. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein: The shell top plate is provided with an insulating sealing rubber layer, the main part of the heat exchange channel is located in the insulating sealing rubber layer, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange channel extend out of the insulating sealing rubber layer.

7. The energy storage device of claim 6, wherein: The fire safety system further comprises an electrical connecting component assembly, the electrical connecting component assembly is connected with the electrical connection part of each polarity terminal, and the connection part of each polarity terminal is located in the insulating sealing rubber layer.

8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The smoke treatment unit comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a smoke cooling device and an ignition device. The liquid treatment device is mainly used for treating electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway smoke; The smoke cooling device is mainly used for cooling treatment of the thermal runaway smoke; The solid treatment device is mainly used for adsorbing treatment of gas in the thermal runaway smoke; The ignition device is used for ignition treatment of the thermal runaway smoke.

9. The energy storage device of claim 8, wherein: The smoke treatment unit comprises a liquid treatment device, the liquid treatment device comprises M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is empty, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

10. The energy storage device of claim 9, wherein: The flue gas treatment unit further comprises an ignition device; the ignition device is connected at the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank, and is used for igniting the heat runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10, wherein: The liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution, and the alkali solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

12. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The primary fire extinguishing unit further comprises a buffer device, the buffer device comprises at least one buffer tank, the buffer tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet which are in communication with the inner cavity of the buffer tank, and the buffer device is arranged between the flue gas manifold and the flue gas treatment unit and is used for buffering the heat runaway flue gas.

13. The energy storage device of claim 12, wherein: The primary fire extinguishing unit further comprises a safety device, the safety device comprises safety pipelines and a safety discharge part; the inlets of the safety pipelines are in communication with the flue gas manifold or the buffer tank, the outlets of the safety pipelines are in communication with the external environment, and the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipelines and has an opening pressure which is less than the opening pressure of the pressure relief part of the large-capacity battery.

14. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The flue gas manifold comprises a primary manifold and a secondary manifold, the primary manifold is connected with the outlet end of the battery pack assembly pressure relief manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected with each primary manifold and is used for centrally conveying the heat runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

15. The energy storage device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The fire safety system further comprises a secondary fire extinguishing unit, the secondary fire extinguishing unit comprises a fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing pipeline; the fire extinguishing device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire extinguishing pipeline is used for conveying the fire extinguishing substances in the fire extinguishing device into the box of the energy storage equipment.

16. The energy storage device of claim 15, wherein: The fire safety system further comprises a tertiary fire extinguishing unit, the tertiary fire extinguishing unit comprises a fire water spraying pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire water spraying pipeline, and the inlet of the fire water spraying pipeline is used for being connected with an external fire water pipeline.

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