Workpiece clamping jig and machining equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of workpiece positioning, and discloses a workpiece clamping jig and machining equipment. The workpiece clamping jig comprises a positioning rod, a collet chuck and a driving part, a positioning groove is formed in one end of the positioning rod, and a positioning hole is formed in the side wall, away from an opening of the positioning groove, of the positioning groove; the collet is partially arranged in the positioning groove, and a plurality of first claw parts are arranged at the end, close to the positioning hole, of the collet. The driving piece can drive the collet to move from one end of the positioning rod to the other end of the positioning rod and can position the collet. According to the workpiece clamping jig, the rod part can be inserted among the first claw parts, and the driving piece is used for driving the collet chuck to move from one end of the positioning rod to the other end of the positioning rod, so that the first claw parts abut against the rod part, and the section, close to the head part, of the rod part is effectively clamped; deformation and abnormal movement of the rod part in the head machining process are prevented, and therefore the machining quality of a workpiece is improved. In addition, the collet chuck can adapt to rod parts with different diameters to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of workpiece positioning technology, and in particular to a workpiece clamping fixture and processing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In order to improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece during the machining process, it is necessary to use a fixture to position the workpiece so that the workpiece occupies the correct position, thereby ensuring that the dimensional and positional accuracy of the workpiece after machining meets the requirements of the drawing.

[0003] A workpiece is provided, comprising a rod and a rod head located at one end of the rod. The rod has a small diameter and a large length-to-diameter ratio; additionally, the rod has a certain taper, meaning that the diameter of the rod gradually increases or decreases from one end to the other. After the workpiece is initially formed, the rod head needs to be precision ground or otherwise finished to ensure that the workpiece meets production requirements.

[0004] Currently, when grinding rod heads, if the workpiece rod is held by a chuck, the tapered shape of the rod will cause point contact between the chuck jaws and the rod. If the workpiece rod is pressed by rollers, the cylindrical surface of the rollers will also cause point contact between the chuck jaws and the rod. Therefore, it is not easy to effectively position the workpiece. In addition, the rod is relatively slender and has weak rigidity, which makes the workpiece prone to deformation and movement during processing, thus greatly affecting the processing quality of the workpiece. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a workpiece clamping fixture and processing equipment to effectively clamp the rod part of the workpiece, reduce the deformation and movement of the workpiece during the processing, and thus improve the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A workpiece clamping fixture for clamping a workpiece, the workpiece including a rod and a head located at one end of the rod, the rod having a taper, the workpiece clamping fixture comprising:

[0008] A positioning rod, one end of which has a positioning groove, the cross-sectional area of ​​which is perpendicular to the length of the positioning rod gradually decreases from one end to the other. A positioning hole is provided on the side wall of the positioning groove away from its opening, and the positioning hole allows the rod to be inserted.

[0009] A collet, wherein the collet portion is placed inside the positioning groove, and the end of the collet near the positioning hole has a plurality of first claws distributed circumferentially around the positioning groove, the rod portion being able to insert between the plurality of first claws, and when the collet moves from one end of the positioning rod to the other end, the plurality of first claws being able to approach and abut against the rod portion, the abutting wall of the first claws abutting against the rod portion having a taper, the taper of the abutting wall being consistent with the taper of the rod portion; and

[0010] A driving component, which can drive the collet to move from one end of the positioning rod to the other end and can position the collet.

[0011] Preferably, the collet includes:

[0012] Clamping section; and

[0013] The first segment is located at one end of the clamping segment near the positioning hole. The first segment has a first dividing groove formed radially along the rod. Multiple first dividing grooves are formed around the circumference of the first segment so that the first segment is divided to form multiple first claw portions.

[0014] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first segment, perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod, gradually decreases along the direction from near the clamping segment to away from the clamping segment.

[0015] Preferably, the driving element includes:

[0016] The abutting portion abuts against the end of the collet away from the positioning hole, and the abutting portion has a through hole for the rod to pass through; and

[0017] A connecting part is connected to the abutting part, and the connecting part is movable along the length direction of the positioning rod.

[0018] Preferably, the connecting part is arranged in a ring shape and is threaded to one end of the positioning rod.

[0019] Preferably, the collet further includes:

[0020] The second segment is located at the end of the clamping segment away from and close to the first segment. The second segment has a second dividing groove formed radially along the rod. Multiple second dividing grooves are formed circumferentially along the second segment. The second dividing grooves and the first dividing grooves are spaced apart so that the second segment is divided to form multiple second claw portions.

[0021] A guide groove is provided at one end of the through hole near the collet. The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod gradually increases from one end of the positioning rod to the other end. The sidewall of the guide groove abuts against the outer wall of the second section.

[0022] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second segment, perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod, gradually decreases along the direction from near the clamping segment to away from the clamping segment.

[0023] Preferably, the first dividing groove extends through the collet along the length of the positioning rod.

[0024] Preferably, the positioning hole extends through the positioning rod so that the other end of the rod can extend out of the positioning rod.

[0025] The processing equipment includes a machine body and a workpiece clamping fixture, the workpiece clamping fixture being connected to the machine body.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0027] This utility model's workpiece clamping fixture, when needing to clamp a slender rod, simply involves passing the rod through multiple first claws and inserting it into a positioning hole. Then, a drive unit drives the collet to move from one end of the positioning rod to the other. During this process, the sidewall of the positioning groove presses against the outer wall of the collet, causing the multiple first claws to deform and move towards and abut against the rod, thus completing the clamping of the rod. The drive unit then positions the collet in its final position. Because the taper of the abutment wall matches the taper of the rod, at least line contact is formed between the multiple first claws and the rod, with the contact line extending axially along the rod and distributed circumferentially around it. This effectively clamps the section of the rod near the head, preventing deformation and movement during head machining, thereby improving workpiece machining quality. Furthermore, the collet can adapt to rods of different diameters to a certain extent, further enhancing the adaptability of the workpiece clamping fixture. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the medical grinding head of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece clamping fixture of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece clamping fixture of this utility model along the radial direction of the positioning rod;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collet of this utility model.

[0032] In the picture:

[0033] 100. Medical grinding head; 200. Shaft; 300. Shaft head;

[0034] 1. Positioning rod; 11. Positioning groove; 12. Positioning hole;

[0035] 2. Collet; 21. Clamping seat section; 22. First section; 221. First dividing groove; 23. Second section; 231. Second dividing groove; 24. First claw portion; 25. Second claw portion;

[0036] 3. Driving component; 31. Abutment part; 311. Through hole; 312. Guide groove; 32. Connecting part. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0038] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0041] The following reference Figures 1 to 4 The present invention describes the workpiece clamping fixture and processing equipment provided by this utility model.

[0042] The processing equipment includes the equipment body and the workpiece clamping fixture. The processing equipment can be a grinding machine, a machining center or a CNC lathe, etc. In this embodiment, a grinding machine is used as an example. The workpiece clamping fixture is connected to the grinding machine. The workpiece clamping fixture is designed to effectively clamp the slender workpiece to improve the processing quality of the workpiece.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, a medical grinding head 100 is used as an example for description. The medical grinding head 100 includes a shaft 200 and a shaft head 300 integrally formed at one end of the shaft 200. The shaft 200 has a taper, that is, the diameter of the shaft 200 gradually increases from one end to the other. The radius of the small end of the shaft 200 is about 0.5 mm, the radius of the large end of the shaft 200 is about 1 mm, and the length of the shaft 200 is more than 100 mm. The shaft head 300 is spherically shaped. The workpiece clamping fixture is used to stably clamp the above-mentioned medical grinding head 100 so as to process the shaft head 300. For the specific structure of the workpiece clamping fixture, please refer to the following embodiment.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The workpiece clamping fixture includes a positioning rod 1, a collet 2, and a driving component 3. One end of the positioning rod 1 has a positioning groove 11. The cross-sectional area of ​​the positioning groove 11, perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod 1, gradually decreases from one end to the other. A positioning hole 12 is formed on the side wall of the positioning groove 11 away from its opening. The collet 2 is partially placed inside the positioning groove 11. The end of the collet 2 near the positioning hole 12 has multiple first claw portions 24, distributed around the axis of the positioning hole 12. The rod body 200 can be inserted between the multiple first claw portions 24. The driving component 3 can drive the collet 2 to move from one end of the positioning rod 1 to the other end and can position the collet 2. When the driving component 3 drives the collet 2 to move from one end of the positioning rod 1 to the other end, the multiple first claw portions 24 can approach and abut against the rod body 200.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the positioning rod 1 is cylindrical, and the positioning groove 11 is frustum-shaped. The positioning groove 11 is coaxial with the positioning rod 1, and the diameter of the positioning groove 11 gradually decreases from one end of the positioning rod 1 to the other end, that is, the conical groove gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. The positioning hole 12 is a circular hole, coaxial with the positioning rod 1, and penetrates the positioning rod 1, that is, the positioning hole 12 is a through hole 311. In some other embodiments, the positioning rod 1 may also be a square prism or a hexagonal prism, and the positioning groove 11 may also be frustum-shaped.

[0047] As described above, the cylindrical positioning rod 1 facilitates clamping onto the equipment body. The circular positioning hole 12 not only facilitates machining but also allows the other end of the rod 200 to extend beyond the positioning rod 1, enabling clamping of longer rods. Furthermore, the positioning hole 12 provides auxiliary positioning for the other end of the rod 200, working in conjunction with the collet 2 to position both ends of the rod 200, thereby improving the positioning effect of the rod 200.

[0048] For example, in this embodiment, the collet 2 is cylindrical and coaxial with the positioning rod 1. The cylindrical collet 2 can be easily adapted to the positioning groove 11. In other embodiments, the collet 2 can also be square or hexagonal, and the specific shape is not limited.

[0049] Reference Figure 4 The collet 2 specifically includes a clamping seat section 21, a first section 22, and a second section 23 that are coaxially arranged and integrally formed. The second section 23, the clamping seat section 21, and the first section 22 are arranged sequentially from one end of the positioning rod 1 to the other end. A first dividing groove 221 is formed on the first section 22 along its own radial direction. The first dividing groove 221 penetrates the first section 22 along its radial direction and extends to the clamping seat section 21 along the axial direction of the first section 22, but does not penetrate the clamping seat section 21. Multiple first dividing grooves 221 are formed along the circumference of the first section 22. In this embodiment, three are used as an example, so that the first section 22 is divided into six first claw portions 24, which can deform when the first claw portions 24 are squeezed.

[0050] In addition, a second dividing groove 231 is formed on the second segment 23 along the radial direction of the positioning rod 1. The second dividing groove 231 passes through the second segment 23 along the radial direction of the first segment 22. The second dividing groove 231 extends to the first segment 22 along the axial direction of the second segment 23, but does not pass through the first segment 22. Multiple second dividing grooves 231 are formed along the circumference of the second segment 23. In this embodiment, three are taken as an example. The second dividing groove 231 and the first dividing groove 221 are arranged alternately, that is, a single second dividing groove 231 is located between two adjacent first dividing grooves 221, so that the second segment 23 is divided into six second claw portions 25, and the second claw portions 25 can deform when they are squeezed.

[0051] Specifically, the driving component 3 includes an abutting part 31 and a connecting part 32. The abutting part 31 abuts against the end of the collet 2 away from the positioning hole 12. The abutting part 31 has a through hole 311 for the rod body 200 to pass through. The through hole 311 is a circular hole coaxial with the collet 2. A guide groove 312 is provided at the end of the through hole 311 near the collet 2. The guide groove 312 is frustoconical and coaxial with the through hole 311. The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove 312 perpendicular to the axis of the positioning rod 1 gradually increases from one end of the positioning rod 1 to the other end. That is, the inner diameter of the guide groove 312 gradually increases from one end of the positioning rod 1 to the other end. The side wall of the guide groove 312 abuts against the outer wall of the second section 23.

[0052] Furthermore, the connecting part 32 is connected to the abutting part 31. In this embodiment, the connecting part 32 and the abutting part 31 are integrally formed. The connecting part 32 is connected to one end of the positioning rod 1 and can move along the axial direction of the positioning rod 1. In this embodiment, the connecting part 32 is arranged in a ring shape and is threadedly connected to the positioning rod 1. Through the threaded connection between the connecting part 32 and the positioning rod 1, the abutting part 31 is driven to move along the axial direction of the positioning rod 1 when the connecting part 32 rotates. It should be added that the abutting part 31 in this embodiment is arranged in a square column shape so that the driving part 3 can be turned by a wrench or other tools.

[0053] Optionally, in some other embodiments, the connecting part 32 may also be a plurality of connecting pieces arranged circumferentially along the positioning rod 1, which are threadedly connected to the positioning rod 1; the connecting part 32 may also be slidably connected to the positioning rod 1 and positioned by screws.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Based on the above, when the workpiece clamping fixture clamps and positions the rod body 200, it is first necessary to loosen the drive component 3 so that the first claw 24 and the second claw 25 can be reset under their own elastic force, so that the rod body 200 can pass through the collet 2. Then, the rod body 200 is passed through the collet 2 and inserted into the positioning hole 12. The drive component 3 is then tightened so that the abutment part 31 pushes the collet 2 into the positioning groove 11. The positioning groove 11 squeezes the multiple first claws 24, causing the multiple first claws 24 to move closer to the rod body 200. At the same time, the guide groove 312 squeezes the multiple second claws 25, causing the multiple second claws 25 to move closer to the rod body 200. Finally, the first claws 24 and the second claws 25 effectively clamp the rod body 200, thereby improving the clamping stability of the workpiece. Since the collet 2 clamps the rod body 200 through the elastic deformation of the first claw 24 and the second claw 25, the collet 2 can also adapt to rod bodies 200 of different diameters to a certain extent, thereby further improving the adaptability of the workpiece clamping fixture.

[0055] Furthermore, it is worth noting that, since the second dividing groove 231 and the first dividing groove 221 in this embodiment do not penetrate the collet 2 along the axial direction of the collet 2, the collet 2 in this embodiment is an integral unit after disassembly and does not require reassembly.

[0056] Furthermore, the first claw portion 24 abuts against the contact wall of the rod body 200 with a taper, and the taper of the contact wall is consistent with the taper of the rod body 200. The second claw portion 25 abuts against the side wall of the rod body 200 and also has a taper, consistent with the taper of the rod body 200. This allows multiple first claw portions 24 to form at least line contact with the rod body 200, and multiple second claw portions 25 to form at least line contact with the rod body 200. The contact lines extend along the axial direction of the rod body 200, and six contact lines are distributed circumferentially around the rod body 200, thereby effectively clamping the section of the rod body 200 near the head to prevent deformation and movement of the rod body 200 during the processing of the rod head 300.

[0057] Preferably, the abutment wall in this embodiment is arc-shaped, so that the multiple first claw portions 24 and multiple second claw portions 25 form surface contact with the rod body 200, that is, the abutment wall is attached to the outer wall of the rod body 200, thereby further improving the stability of clamping the rod body 200.

[0058] Furthermore, to ensure that the first segment 22 fits into the positioning groove 11 and the guide groove 312, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first segment 22 perpendicular to its own axis gradually decreases along the direction from near the clamping segment 21 to away from the clamping segment 21; that is, the diameter of the first segment 22 gradually decreases along the direction from near the clamping segment 21 to away from the clamping segment 21. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second segment 23 perpendicular to its own axis gradually decreases; that is, the diameter of the second segment 23 gradually decreases along the direction from near the clamping segment 21 to away from the clamping segment 21. This increases the contact area between the first segment 22 and the positioning groove 11, and the contact area between the second segment 23 and the guide groove 312, making it less likely for the collet 2 and the positioning rod 1 to move abnormally.

[0059] Furthermore, to balance the elasticity and strength of the collet 2, in this embodiment, the collet 2 is made of 65SiMn spring steel. Spring steel can undergo elastic deformation under a certain load and does not exhibit permanent deformation after the load is removed. Spring steel also possesses excellent metallurgical quality, good surface quality, and precise shape and dimensions. In some other embodiments, the collet 2 may also be made of plastic.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is that in this embodiment, the first dividing groove 221 on the collet 2 extends through the collet 2 along the axial direction of the collet 2, and the collet 2 is not provided with a second dividing groove 231, thereby dividing the collet 2 into multiple independent claw parts, so that the rod body 200 is clamped by the multiple independent claw parts approaching each other.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A workpiece clamping fixture for clamping a workpiece, the workpiece comprising a rod and a head located at one end of the rod, the rod having a taper, characterized in that, The workpiece clamping fixture includes: A positioning rod (1) is provided at one end of the positioning rod (1). The cross-sectional area of ​​the positioning groove (11) perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod (1) gradually decreases from one end of the positioning rod (1) to the other end. A positioning hole (12) is provided on the side wall of the positioning groove (11) away from its own opening. The positioning hole (12) allows the rod to be inserted. A collet (2) is partially placed inside the positioning groove (11). The collet (2) has a plurality of first claws (24) at one end near the positioning hole (12). The plurality of first claws (24) are circumferentially distributed around the positioning groove (11). The rod can be inserted between the plurality of first claws (24). When the collet (2) moves from one end of the positioning rod (1) to the other end, the plurality of first claws (24) can approach and abut against the rod. The abutting wall of the first claws (24) against the rod has a taper, and the taper of the abutting wall is consistent with the taper of the rod. The driving member (3) is capable of driving the collet (2) to move from one end of the positioning rod (1) to the other end and is capable of positioning the collet (2).

2. The workpiece clamping fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collet (2) includes: Clamping section (21); and The first segment (22) is located at one end of the clamping segment (21) near the positioning hole (12). The first segment (22) has a first dividing groove (221) in the radial direction of the rod. The first dividing groove (221) has multiple openings around the circumference of the first segment (22) so that the first segment (22) is divided to form multiple first claw portions (24).

3. The workpiece clamping fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the direction from near the clamping section (21) to away from the clamping section (21), the cross-sectional area of ​​the first section (22) perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod (1) gradually decreases.

4. The workpiece clamping fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving component (3) includes: A contact portion (31) abuts against one end of the collet (2) away from the positioning hole (12), and the contact portion (31) has a through hole (311) for the rod to pass through; and The connecting part (32) is connected to the abutting part (31) and the connecting part (32) is capable of moving along the length direction of the positioning rod (1).

5. The workpiece clamping fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting part (32) is arranged in a ring shape and is threadedly connected to one end of the positioning rod (1).

6. The workpiece clamping fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The collet (2) also includes: The second segment (23) is located at the end of the clamping segment (21) away from and close to the first segment (22). The second segment (23) has a second dividing groove (231) opened in the radial direction of the rod. Multiple second dividing grooves (231) are opened in the circumferential direction of the second segment (23). The second dividing grooves (231) and the first dividing grooves (221) are spaced apart so that the second segment (23) is divided to form multiple second claws (25). The through hole (311) is provided with a guide groove (312) at one end near the collet (2). The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove (312) perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod (1) gradually increases from one end of the positioning rod (1) to the other end. The side wall of the guide groove (312) abuts against the outer wall of the second section (23).

7. The workpiece clamping fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the direction from near the clamping section (21) to away from the clamping section (21), the cross-sectional area of ​​the second section (23) perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning rod (1) gradually decreases.

8. The workpiece clamping fixture according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The first dividing groove (221) passes through the collet (2) along the length direction of the positioning rod (1).

9. The workpiece clamping fixture according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The positioning hole (12) passes through the positioning rod (1) so that the other end of the rod can extend out of the positioning rod (1).

10. A processing device, said processing device comprising a device body, characterized in that, The processing equipment further includes the workpiece clamping fixture as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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