Range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle
Through the extended-range air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, combined with fuel cells, supercapacitor energy storage and lithium batteries, the problems of low output power and poor transient response of hydrogen fuel cells are solved, and efficient operation and long-distance endurance of the vehicle are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423259458.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-27
AI Technical Summary
Hydrogen fuel cells have low output power and poor transient response, making it difficult to meet the system's higher transient power limit requirements. Lithium batteries are heavier than hydrogen fuel cells, resulting in a shorter vehicle range.
It adopts a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, combining a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a lithium battery range-extended system and a main control system. It coordinates power distribution through a DC conversion module, uses a supercapacitor energy storage system to balance voltage, and switches the lithium battery power supply mode under different loads to ensure efficient coordination of power sources.
The vehicle's efficient operation and long-distance endurance are achieved, and through multi-energy collaborative power supply, the satisfaction of transient power limit requirements and power performance are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN223479250U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of battery control system technology, and in particular to a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle. Background Art
[0002] In today's context of increasing environmental awareness and energy transition, the research and development and promotion of electric bicycles are particularly important. Breakthroughs in power battery technology are key to driving the development of the electric bicycle industry. Currently, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are the mainstream power sources and have already secured a place in the electric bicycle market. Lithium batteries, in particular, with their superior charging and discharging speeds and long lifespans, have attracted the attention of many manufacturers and become a hot topic in the research and development of electric bicycle power systems.
[0003] However, due to the inherent characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells, such as low output power and poor transient response, it is difficult to meet the greater transient power limit requirements of the system. Lithium batteries are relatively heavier than hydrogen fuel cells. For the same weight, lithium batteries, as the power source of a vehicle, result in a shorter vehicle range. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle, which can meet the system's maximum transient power limit requirements and ensure the vehicle's efficient operation and long-range driving capability.
[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system, which includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a lithium battery range extender system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC converter module, and a second DC-to-DC converter module.
[0006] The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system via the first DC-to-DC converter module. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system and is charged through the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via the second DC-to-DC converter module. The bus system is used to connect loads. The lithium battery range extender system is equipped with a lithium battery. The main control system, the first DC-to-DC converter module, the second DC-to-DC converter module, the lithium battery range extender system, the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate via a CAN bus.
[0007] The lithium battery range extender system is electrically connected to both the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system. When the load is low, the lithium battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system to charge the lithium battery; when the load is high, the lithium battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system to supply power to the load; when the fuel cell system runs out of energy, the lithium battery supplies power to the load.
[0008] Furthermore, the fuel cell system also includes a fuel cell and a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell, and the battery controller includes a hydrogen inlet control valve, a hydrogen outlet control valve, a pressure sensor, and an intake fan. The fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen inlet control valve, the hydrogen outlet control valve, the pressure sensor, and the intake fan, respectively. The battery controller is used to control the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the fuel cell and monitors the parameters of the fuel cell.
[0009] Furthermore, the fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a start-up battery control system. The start-up battery control system is used to supply power to the main control system before the fuel cell starts, and to precharge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell initialization is completed.
[0010] Furthermore, the supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a first supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit, and a first function switching circuit; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected to the lithium battery, and the first supercapacitor is electrically connected to the fuel cell or the pre-charging circuit through the first function switching circuit. Before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the pre-charging circuit, and the lithium battery pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the pre-charging circuit; after the fuel cell initialization is completed, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor.
[0011] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a second supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system respectively through the second DC-DC conversion module. The second supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system.
[0012] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system also includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit; before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery precharges the second supercapacitor through the charging circuit; after the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.
[0013] Furthermore, the second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are connected in parallel.
[0014] Furthermore, the fuel cell, the lithium battery, and the supercapacitor energy storage system are connected in parallel.
[0015] Furthermore, the main control system coordinates the power distribution between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system by dynamically adjusting the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-DC conversion module.
[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system.
[0017] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:
[0018] This invention provides a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system. By combining a fuel cell system with a supercapacitor energy storage system, it solves the problem of low output power of a single fuel cell. Through the cooperation of lithium batteries and fuel cell systems, it ensures that the load can be powered for a long time, ensuring the vehicle's efficient operation and long-distance range.
[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments of this application.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system shown in the embodiments of this application;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a power schematic diagram of a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system shown in the embodiments of this application;
[0023] Figure 3This is a control flowchart of a fuel cell system shown in an embodiment of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.
[0025] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0026] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0027] Hydrogen fuel cells inherently suffer from low output power and poor transient response, making it difficult to meet the higher transient power limits required by the system. Lithium-ion batteries, on the other hand, are significantly heavier than hydrogen fuel cells, resulting in shorter vehicle ranges for the same weight. To address these issues, this application provides a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system and vehicle that can meet the system's higher transient power limits, ensuring efficient vehicle operation and long-range driving capability.
[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system shown in an embodiment of this application.
[0030] See Figure 1The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a lithium battery range extender system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC converter module, and a second DC-to-DC converter module.
[0031] The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system via a first DC-DC converter module. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system and is charged by the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via a second DC-DC converter module. The lithium battery range extender system includes a lithium battery. Both the first and second DC-DC converter modules are DC-DC converters. The main control system, the first and second DC-DC converter modules, the lithium battery range extender system, the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate via a CAN bus.
[0032] See Figure 1 The bus system is used to connect loads. The output power of the bus system is divided into static power, cruise power, and maximum power. Power requirements include zero power demand, low power demand, medium power demand, and high power demand. In actual operation, the operating mode of the lithium battery is determined according to the operating conditions. In zero power demand, low power demand, and medium power demand modes, the fuel cell charges the lithium battery. For high power demand, the fuel cell system, lithium battery range extender system, and supercapacitor energy storage system are all connected to the bus system to form an integrated power supply system.
[0033] Figure 2 This is a power schematic diagram of a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system shown in an embodiment of this application.
[0034] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The lithium-ion battery range extender system is electrically connected to both the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system. When the load is low, the lithium-ion battery range extender system controls the fuel cell system to charge the lithium-ion battery; when the load is high, the lithium-ion battery range extender system controls both the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system to supply power to the load; when the fuel cell system runs out of energy, the lithium-ion battery supplies power to the load. By combining the advantages of different energy sources, the system ensures efficient vehicle operation and long-range driving capability.
[0035] This invention provides a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system. By combining a fuel cell system with a supercapacitor energy storage system, it solves the problem of low output power of a single fuel cell. Through the cooperation of lithium batteries and fuel cell systems, it ensures that the load can be powered for a long time, ensuring the vehicle's efficient operation and long-distance range.
[0036] Figure 3 This is a control flowchart of a fuel cell system shown in an embodiment of this application.
[0037] The fuel cell system also includes a fuel cell and a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell, and the battery controller is used to control the hydrogen intake and exhaust of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is connected to an external hydrogen cylinder. The battery controller includes a hydrogen intake control valve, a hydrogen exhaust control valve, a pressure sensor, and an intake fan. The hydrogen intake control valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the fuel cell and the hydrogen cylinder. The hydrogen intake control valve controls the hydrogen intake of the fuel cell, the hydrogen exhaust control valve controls the hydrogen exhaust of the fuel cell, the intake fan controls the intake of the fuel cell, and the pressure sensor detects the pressure of the fuel cell.
[0038] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a start-up battery control system. The start-up battery control system supplies power to the main control system before the fuel cell starts and pre-charges the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before fuel cell initialization is complete. This accelerates the start-up speed of the range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, reduces the voltage difference between components within the system, and minimizes arcing during component connections. Specifically, the start-up battery control system is connected to a lithium battery, which can control the lithium battery to supply power to the main control system or charge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system.
[0039] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a first supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit, and a first function switching circuit. The pre-charging circuit is electrically connected to a lithium battery, and the first supercapacitor is electrically connected to a fuel cell or the pre-charging circuit via the first function switching circuit. Before the fuel cell initialization is complete, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor to the pre-charging circuit, and the lithium battery pre-charges the first supercapacitor through the pre-charging circuit to accelerate the start-up speed of the supercapacitor voltage balancing system, reduce the voltage difference between the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system, and reduce the formation of electric arcs when the supercapacitor voltage balancing system is connected to other systems. After the fuel cell initialization is complete, the first function switching circuit switches the first supercapacitor back to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the first supercapacitor. Due to the addition of the first supercapacitor, the instantaneous output capability of the fuel cell is greatly improved, and the output voltage of the fuel cell system can be stabilized.
[0040] Furthermore, the supercapacitor energy storage system includes a second supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via a second DC-DC converter module. The second supercapacitor is used to balance the voltage of the bus system. Both the first and second supercapacitors are supercapacitors. As pollution-free energy storage devices, they possess characteristics of rapid charging and discharging, high efficiency, and long lifespan, greatly improving energy reuse rates. The second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are connected in parallel. When the second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are combined in parallel, the transient characteristics of the fuel cell are significantly improved, enabling the fuel cell to balance the bus voltage when high current output is required, preventing the fuel cell from triggering protection due to excessive current. When the second supercapacitor is connected to the bus system via the second DC-DC converter module, it can improve the adaptability of the range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system to load changes under high-power pulsating loads.
[0041] The supercapacitor energy storage system is independent of the first supercapacitor within the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system also includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit. The charging circuit is controlled by the main control system and can dynamically adjust the charging current based on the state of the supercapacitor energy storage system. Before fuel cell initialization is complete, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the charging circuit. The lithium battery pre-charges the second supercapacitor through the charging circuit. This pre-charging of the second supercapacitor accelerates the start-up speed of the supercapacitor energy storage system and reduces the voltage difference between the supercapacitor energy storage system and the fuel cell system, thus reducing the formation of electric arcs when the supercapacitor energy storage system is connected to other systems. After fuel cell initialization is complete, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor back to the fuel cell, which then supplies power to the second supercapacitor, thus completing the initialization of the entire supercapacitor energy storage system.
[0042] The fuel cell, lithium battery, and supercapacitor energy storage system are connected in parallel. Specifically, the fuel cell, lithium battery, and second supercapacitor are connected in parallel. The output voltages of the fuel cell, lithium battery, and second supercapacitor can all be dynamically adjusted, and they all directly power the load. The voltage matching of the fuel cell, lithium battery, and second supercapacitor directly affects the efficiency and performance of the entire air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating the supercapacitor. The second supercapacitor serves as an auxiliary power source, rapidly providing additional electrical energy when the vehicle needs to accelerate quickly or climb hills, achieving efficient power distribution.
[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2The main control system can coordinate the power distribution between the fuel cell and the supercapacitor energy storage system. Specifically, the main control system dynamically adjusts the output voltage and charging power of the first DC-DC converter module and the output voltage and charging power of the second DC-DC converter module to coordinate the power distribution between the fuel cell system and the second supercapacitor.
[0044] Corresponding to the aforementioned application function implementation method embodiments, this application also provides a vehicle and corresponding embodiments.
[0045] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The vehicle includes a range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid system, which combines a fuel cell, a lithium battery, a first supercapacitor, and a second supercapacitor to form a hybrid system. This effectively integrates the advantages of all four components to meet the vehicle's greater transient power limit requirements. Through precise power output control strategies, it not only ensures the stability of the vehicle's energy supply but also extends the lifespan of the fuel cell while improving power performance.
[0046] The vehicle includes an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system integrating a supercapacitor. It also includes a communication system that acts as the information transmission link between the vehicle and a host computer, ensuring the real-time and accurate transmission of vehicle data. This system establishes a reliable connection with the host computer via wireless technology, rapidly transmitting pre-processed data through a stable connection to meet high standards for real-time monitoring and remote diagnostics. The wireless technology used can be one of 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth. The communication system adheres to communication protocols such as MQTT to ensure smooth data flow between different systems. It also possesses robust fault detection and response mechanisms, capable of promptly handling issues such as signal loss, interference, and connection interruptions to ensure continuous communication.
[0047] The vehicle also includes an anti-theft system, which improves vehicle security, reduces theft, and provides users with convenient vehicle management functions. The anti-theft system comprises hardware and software applications; specifically, the vehicle can be equipped with a GPS or BeiDou module, enabling the module to track the vehicle's location in real time. The anti-theft system features a motion detection module, which detects whether the vehicle has been moved. Any abnormal movement immediately triggers an alarm. When the anti-theft system detects unauthorized movement or tampering, the casing emits a high-decibel audible alarm.
[0048] Furthermore, users can remotely control the anti-theft system via a mobile application to receive alarm notifications or view vehicle location. Users can store vehicle location data through a cloud platform, providing access to historical vehicle trajectory queries and processing alarm information. To ensure the security of vehicle location and user information, the vehicle location data must be encrypted to prevent interception or tampering.
[0049] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system, characterized in that, It includes a fuel cell system, a supercapacitor energy storage system, a bus system, a lithium battery range extender system, a main control system, a first DC-to-DC converter module, and a second DC-to-DC converter module; The fuel cell system is electrically connected to the bus system via the first DC-DC converter module, and the supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to the fuel cell system, charging the supercapacitor energy storage system through the fuel cell system. The supercapacitor energy storage system is electrically connected to both the bus system and the main control system via the second DC-DC converter module. The bus system is used to connect loads. The lithium battery range extender system is equipped with a lithium battery. The main control system, the first DC-DC converter module, the second DC-DC converter module, the lithium battery range extender system, the fuel cell system, and the supercapacitor energy storage system communicate via a CAN bus. The lithium battery range extender system is electrically connected to both the fuel cell system and the supercapacitor energy storage system.
2. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes a fuel cell and a battery controller. The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell. The battery controller includes a hydrogen inlet control valve, a hydrogen outlet control valve, a pressure sensor, and an intake fan. The fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen inlet control valve, the hydrogen outlet control valve, the pressure sensor, and the intake fan, respectively.
3. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell system also includes a supercapacitor voltage balancing system and a start-up battery control system. The start-up battery control system is used to supply power to the main control system before the fuel cell starts, and to precharge the supercapacitor voltage balancing system before the fuel cell initialization is completed.
4. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The supercapacitor voltage balancing system includes a first supercapacitor, a pre-charging circuit, and a first function switching circuit; the pre-charging circuit is electrically connected to the lithium battery, and the first supercapacitor is electrically connected to the fuel cell or the pre-charging circuit through the first function switching circuit.
5. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supercapacitor energy storage system includes a second supercapacitor, which is electrically connected to the bus system and the main control system via the second DC-DC conversion module.
6. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supercapacitor energy storage system also includes a charging circuit and a second function switching circuit. Before the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the charging circuit, and the lithium battery precharges the second supercapacitor through the charging circuit. After the fuel cell initialization is completed, the second function switching circuit switches the second supercapacitor to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell supplies power to the second supercapacitor.
7. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second supercapacitor and the fuel cell are connected in parallel.
8. The range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell, the lithium battery, and the supercapacitor energy storage system are connected in parallel.
9. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including the range-extended air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.