Energy storage system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an energy storage system, comprising: a housing configured to contain a cooling fluid; a battery cell inside the case to contact the cooling fluid; a supply port connected to the housing for supplying a cooling fluid to the interior of the housing; a first discharge port connected to the housing for discharging the cooling fluid from an interior of the housing; and a second discharge port connected to the housing at a position lower than the first discharge port. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, during thermal runaway of the battery cells, the case vent may reduce or prevent the possibility that the internal pressure of the case increases to greater than or equal to the bursting pressure of the case.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure relates to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Generally speaking, an energy storage system (ESS) is a device that can store surplus electricity or electricity generated from renewable energy sources. An ESS can be configured such that multiple battery modules are mounted in racks, and multiple racks are housed in containers. Battery modules can be constructed by assembling multiple secondary batteries that are electrically connected to each other into various structures.

[0003] Cooling methods for energy storage systems can be categorized into air cooling and water cooling. Unlike air cooling, which involves large temperature variations between battery cells and generates localized high-temperature zones, water cooling offers advantages such as achieving target temperature management and effective cooling control. However, in water-cooled energy storage systems, because the battery cells are located inside a closed container, there is a risk of accidents if a battery cell ignites, such as an explosion due to excessive internal pressure.

[0004] The information disclosed above in the art that forms the background of this disclosure is intended only to improve the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute related art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The objective of this disclosure is to provide an energy storage system that can reduce or prevent the possibility of accidents caused by increased internal pressure during thermal runaway of a single battery cell.

[0006] These and other aspects of this disclosure will be described in, or will be apparent from, the following description of some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage system is provided, comprising: a housing configured to contain cooling fluid; a battery cell inside the housing in contact with the cooling fluid; a supply port connected to the housing for supplying cooling fluid to the interior of the housing; a first discharge port connected to the housing for discharging cooling fluid from the interior of the housing; and a second discharge port connected to the housing at a position lower than the first discharge port.

[0008] The distance from the bottom surface of the casing to the first discharge port can be less than the distance from the bottom surface of the casing to the top surface of the battery cell.

[0009] The ratio of the distance from the bottom surface of the casing to the first discharge port to the distance from the bottom surface of the casing to the top surface of the battery cell can be between approximately 0.8 and approximately 0.9.

[0010] The ratio of the distance from the bottom surface of the casing to the second discharge port to the distance from the bottom surface of the casing to the top surface of the battery cell can be between approximately 0.4 and approximately 0.5.

[0011] The supply port can be located lower than the second discharge port.

[0012] The energy storage system may further include: a temperature sensor configured to detect the temperature of a battery cell; and a controller configured to control the operation of a supply port, a first discharge port, and a second discharge port based on the temperature of the battery cell.

[0013] The controller can be configured to open the first discharge port and close the second discharge port when the temperature of the battery cell is below or equal to a first temperature.

[0014] The first temperature can be above approximately 60°C and below approximately 70°C.

[0015] The controller can be configured to open a second discharge port and close a first discharge port when the temperature of a battery cell is higher than or equal to a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature.

[0016] The second temperature can be above approximately 150°C and below approximately 200°C.

[0017] The energy storage system may further include a housing vent that is connected to the housing and configured to open when the internal pressure of the housing increases above a threshold pressure.

[0018] The controller can be configured to open the supply port and close the first and second exhaust ports when the housing exhaust is opened.

[0019] The energy storage system may further include a pressure sensor configured to detect the internal pressure of the housing, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the housing vent is open based on the internal pressure of the housing.

[0020] The energy storage system may further include a level sensor configured to detect the level of cooling fluid within the housing, wherein a controller is configured to adjust the flow rate of cooling fluid entering the housing through a supply port based on the level of the cooling fluid.

[0021] The controller can be configured to adjust the flow rate of cooling fluid entering the housing to a first flow rate when the housing exhaust is opened.

[0022] The controller can be configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the housing to a second flow rate, which is less than the first flow rate, when the level of the cooling fluid is greater than or equal to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the top surface of the battery cell.

[0023] The first flow rate can be about 3 liters per minute (LPM), while the second flow rate is about 1.5 liters per minute (LPM). Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings illustrate some embodiments of this disclosure and further describe aspects and features of this disclosure together with the detailed description thereof. However, this disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the drawings:

[0025] The above and other aspects of this disclosure will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 A view illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 Perspective view illustrating the configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4 Enlarged view illustrating the configuration of the supply port, the first discharge port, and the second discharge port according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 A view illustrating the configuration of a loop component according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A block diagram illustrating the configuration of a temperature sensor and controller according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 8 and Figure 9 A view illustrating, for the purpose of schematically demonstrating, the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 10 A view illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 11 A view illustrating the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 12A view illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 13 A block diagram illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0037] Figures 14-16 A view illustrating the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Various aspects of some embodiments of this disclosure and methods for implementing these aspects can be more readily understood through the detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are provided as examples so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey various aspects of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Therefore, redundant processes, elements, and techniques that are irrelevant or unrelated to the description of the embodiments, or unnecessary for those skilled in the art to fully understand various aspects of this disclosure, may be omitted. Unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals, characters, or combinations thereof denote the same elements throughout the accompanying drawings and written description, and therefore, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[0039] The described embodiments may have various modifications and may be embodied in different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments illustrated herein. The terms "can," "may," or "may not" are used in the described embodiments to correspond to one or more embodiments of this disclosure.

[0040] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in view of the whole disclosure, this disclosure covers all modifications, equivalents and substitutions within the spirit and technical scope of this disclosure, each of the features of the embodiments of this disclosure may be combined with each other in part or in whole, and various interactions and operations are technically possible, and each embodiment may be implemented independently of each other or may be implemented together in an associated manner, unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0041] In the accompanying drawings, the relative dimensions of elements, layers, and regions may be enlarged for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. Various embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional views, which are schematic illustrations of embodiments and / or intermediate structures. Therefore, variations from the illustrated shapes may be expected due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Furthermore, the specific structural or functional descriptions disclosed herein are merely illustrative for the purpose of describing embodiments according to the concepts of this disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the illustrated shapes of elements, layers, or regions, but should include shape deviations caused, for example, by manufacturing processes.

[0042] For ease of interpretation, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “below,” “below,” “above,” “on,” and “upper” are used herein to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element or feature illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, an element or feature described as “below,” “under,” or “below” other elements or features will be oriented “above” other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms “below” and “below” can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or otherwise), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, when a first part is described as being arranged “on” a second part, this means that the first part is arranged above or below the second part based on the direction of gravity, and not limited to its upper side.

[0043] Furthermore, the phrase "in a schematic cross-sectional view" refers to a schematic cross-section obtained by vertically cutting a portion of an object, viewed from the side. The terms "overlapping" or "being overlapped" mean that the first object may be above, below, or to the side of the second object, or vice versa. Additionally, the term "overlapping" may include stacking, facing or oriented, extending, covering or partially covering, or any other suitable terminology that will be recognized and understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The expression "not overlapping" may include the meaning of terms such as "separated," "set beside," or "offset," and any other suitable equivalent that will be recognized and understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms "facing" and "oriented" may mean that the first object may be directly or indirectly opposite the second object. In the case where a third object is located between the first and second objects, the first and second objects may be understood as indirectly opposite each other, although still facing each other.

[0044] It will be understood that when a component, layer, area, or part is referred to as "formed on," "on," "connected to," or "(operationally or communicatively) coupled to" another component, layer, area, or part, it may be directly formed on, on, connected to, or coupled to the other component, layer, area, or part, or it may be indirectly formed on, on, connected to, or coupled to the other component, layer, area, or part, such that one or more intermediary components, layers, areas, or parts may exist. Furthermore, this may be collectively referred to as direct or indirect connection or coupling, and integral or non-integral connection or coupling. For example, when a layer, area, or part is referred to as "electrically connected" or "electrically coupled" to another layer, area, or part, it may be directly electrically connected or coupled to the other layer, area, and / or part, or one or more intermediary layers, areas, or parts may exist. One or more intermediary parts may include switches, resistors, and / or capacitors, etc. When describing embodiments, the expression for connection means electrical connection unless explicitly described as a direct connection, and "direct connection / direct coupling" or "directly on" means that one component is directly connected to or coupled to another component, or on another component, without any intermediate component.

[0045] Furthermore, in this specification, when a portion of a layer, film, region, or plate is formed on another portion, the forming direction is not limited to the upward direction, but includes forming the portion on a side surface or in the downward direction. Conversely, when a portion of a layer, film, region, or plate is formed "below" another portion, this includes not only the case where the portion is "directly" "below" the other portion, but also the case where there is another portion attached between the portion and the other portion. Similarly, other expressions describing the relationship between components, such as "between," "immediately between," "adjacent," and "directly adjacent," can be interpreted similarly. It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "between" two elements or layers, it may be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or there may be one or more intervening elements or layers.

[0046] For the purposes of this disclosure, expressions such as “at least one of…”, “any one of…”, or “one or more of…”, when preceding / following a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and not individual elements within the list. For example, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” or “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” can be interpreted as any combination of only X, only Y, only Z, two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ, or any variations thereof. Similarly, the expression “at least one of A and B” can include A, B, or A and B. As used herein, “or” generally means “and / or”, and the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated items. For example, the expression “A and / or B” can include A, B, or A and B. Similarly, expressions such as “at least one of…”, “multiple,” “one of…”, and other prepositional phrases, when preceding / following a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and not individual elements within the list. Unless otherwise indicated, when “C-D” is used, it means above C and below D.

[0047] It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, areas, layers, or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms do not correspond to a specific order, position, or priority, and are used only to distinguish one element, component, area, region, layer, section, or part from another element, component, area, region, layer, section, or part. Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, the first element, component, area, layer, or section described below may be referred to as the second element, component, area, layer, or section. Describing an element as a “first” element does not require or imply the existence of a second element or other elements. The terms “first,” “second,” etc., may also be used herein to distinguish different categories or groups of elements. For the sake of brevity, the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may respectively mean “first category (or first group),” “second category (or second group),” etc.

[0048] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, and the plural forms are intended to include the singular forms as well. It will be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” as used in this specification indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0049] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” “approximately,” and similar terms are used as approximate terms rather than terms of degree and are intended to describe the inherent deviation of a measured or calculated value that will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, “substantially” may include a range of + / - 5% of the corresponding value. As used herein, “about” or “approximately” includes the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation of a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the error associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, ±5% of the stated value. Further, when describing embodiments of this disclosure, the use of “may” refers to “one or more embodiments of this disclosure.”

[0050] Furthermore, any numerical range disclosed and / or described herein is intended to include all subranges with the same numerical precision contained within the described range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and inclusive of) the described minimum value of 1.0 and the described maximum value of 10.0, i.e., a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit described herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit described in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly set forth any subranges contained within the range expressly set forth herein. All such ranges are intended to be internally described in this specification so that modifications to any such expressly enumerated subranges will be compliant.

[0051] In some embodiments, well-known structures and arrangements may be described in the accompanying drawings with respect to one or more functional blocks (e.g., block diagrams), units, and / or modules to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that such blocks, units, and / or modules are physically implemented by logic circuitry, individual components, microprocessors, hardwired circuitry, memory elements, wiring connections, and other electronic circuitry. This can be formed using semiconductor-based manufacturing techniques or other manufacturing techniques. Blocks, units, and / or modules implemented by microprocessors or other similar hardware may be programmed and controlled using software to perform the various functions discussed herein, optionally driven by firmware and / or software. Additionally, each block, unit, and / or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware or by a combination of dedicated hardware performing certain functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmable microprocessors and associated circuitry) performing functions different from those of the dedicated hardware. Furthermore, in some embodiments, blocks, units, and / or modules may be physically separated into two or more interacting individual blocks, units, and / or modules without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, in some embodiments, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, blocks, units, and / or modules may be physically combined into more complex blocks, units, and / or modules.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in common dictionaries, shall be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the context of the relevant technology and / or this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0053] Figure 1 A view illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 The energy storage system may include a housing 100, a battery cell 200, a supply port 300, a first discharge port 400, and a second discharge port 500.

[0055] The housing 100 can form a schematic appearance of an energy storage system and can fully support the battery cell 200, the supply port 300, the first discharge port 400, and the second discharge port 500.

[0056] Cooling fluid C may be contained within housing 100. Cooling fluid C may be a fluid capable of cooling battery cell 200 by heat exchange with battery cell 200. For example, cooling fluid C may include at least one of water, Novec™ related refrigerants, and non-conductive liquids (Novec™ is a registered trademark of 3M Company, Delaware, USA).

[0057] The housing 100 may include a housing body 110 and a cover 120.

[0058] The housing body 110 may form the lower exterior of the housing 100 and provide space for containing the cooling fluid C. For example, the housing body 110 may be formed in the shape of a box with an empty interior and an open upper side. The design of the height and area of ​​the housing body 110 may vary in various ways depending on the size and number of the battery cells 200, as will be described below. The cooling fluid C may be contained within the housing body 110 at a certain height (e.g., a predetermined height). The height of the cooling fluid C may be lower than the height of the housing body 110. The interior space of the housing body 110 may be divided into a zone filled with the cooling fluid C and a chamber A not filled with the cooling fluid C. The interior of chamber A may be filled with air and a portion of the cooling fluid C whose phase has changed to a gaseous state.

[0059] The cover 120 may form the exterior of the upper side of the housing 100 and may allow the interior space of the housing body 110 to be opened or closed. The cover 120 may be formed in a plate shape and may face the upper surface of the housing body 110.

[0060] The cover 120 can be detachably attached to the housing body 110. For example, the cover 120 can be secured to the upper surface of the housing body 110 by any type of connection method, such as bolting, welding or assembly.

[0061] The battery cell 200 can be used as a unit structure for storing and supplying electricity in an energy storage system.

[0062] Figure 2 Perspective views illustrating the configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and Figure 3 A cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0063] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The battery cell 200 may include: at least one electrode assembly in which a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12 are wound together and a separator 13, which serves as an insulator, is interposed therebetween; a cell housing 20 in which the electrode assembly is embedded; and a cover assembly connected to / at an opening in the cell housing 20.

[0064] In the following description, an example of a battery cell 200 being a lithium-ion secondary battery and having a prismatic shape will be described. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the battery cell 200 may be a lithium polymer battery or a cylindrical battery.

[0065] The positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may include: a coated portion, which is a region of the current collector formed of a thin metal foil coated with an active material; and uncoated portions 11a and 12a, which are regions of the current collector not coated with an active material.

[0066] As mentioned, the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may be wound together and the diaphragm 13 is located therebetween. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the electrode assembly may be formed having a structure in which positive and negative electrodes made of a plurality of sheets are alternately stacked and the diaphragm is located therebetween.

[0067] The cell housing 20 can form the overall exterior of the battery cell 200 and can be made of a conductive metal such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel. Furthermore, the cell housing 20 can provide space to accommodate electrode assemblies.

[0068] The cover assembly may include a cover plate 31 that covers an opening in the housing 20. The housing 20 and the cover plate 31 may be made of a conductive material. A terminal 21 electrically connected to the positive electrode 11 or the negative electrode 12 may be mounted through the cover plate 31 and may protrude outward from the cover plate 31.

[0069] Furthermore, the terminals 21 protruding outward from the cover plate 31 can be formed as a pair of terminals 21. These terminals 21 can be connected to the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 respectively, and can serve as the positive electrode terminal and negative electrode terminal of the battery cell 200 respectively. For example, the terminals 21 can be electrically connected to current collectors, which include a first current collector 40 and a second current collector 50 (hereinafter referred to as the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector) welded and bonded to the uncoated portion 11a of the positive electrode or the uncoated portion 12a of the negative electrode. For example, the positive electrode terminal 21 and the negative electrode terminal 21 can be welded and connected to the positive electrode current collector 40 and the negative electrode current collector 50. However, this disclosure is not limited to this, and the positive electrode terminal 21 and the negative electrode terminal 21, as well as the positive electrode current collector 40 and the negative electrode current collector 50, can be formed by integral connection. The outer peripheral surface of the upper post of the terminal 21 can be threaded and secured to the cover plate 31 with a nut.

[0070] However, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the terminal 21 may have a riveting structure and may be riveted to the cover plate 31, or may be welded to the cover plate 31.

[0071] Furthermore, the cover plate 31 may be formed as a thin plate and may be connected to or attached to an opening in the monolithic housing 20. An electrolyte injection port 32 may be formed in the cover plate 31 for mounting a sealing stop 33, and an venting member 34 in which a notch 34a is formed may be mounted.

[0072] The vent 34 can open or close in response to changes in the internal pressure of the monomer housing 20. The vent 34 can remain closed and can seal the monomer housing 20 during normal operation of the electrode assembly. If the internal pressure of the monomer housing 20 increases to a threshold (e.g., a set value) or greater due to overcharging, ignition, etc., the vent 34 can open, allowing emissions such as flames and gases to be released from the interior of the monomer housing 20 to the exterior of the monomer housing 20.

[0073] Furthermore, an insulating member may be installed between the electrode assembly and the cover plate 31. The insulating member may include a first lower insulating member 60 and a second lower insulating member 70. Each of the first lower insulating member 60 and the second lower insulating member 70 may be installed between the electrode assembly and the cover plate 31.

[0074] Furthermore, one end of the separation member, which can be installed as a side surface facing the electrode assembly, can be installed between the insulating member and the terminal 21.

[0075] The separation components may include a first separation component 80 and a second separation component 90.

[0076] Therefore, one end of the first separation member 80 and the second separation member 90, which can be installed facing one side surface of the electrode assembly, can be respectively installed between the first lower insulating member 60 and the second lower insulating member 70 and the positive electrode terminal 21 and the negative electrode terminal 21.

[0077] Finally, the terminals 21, which are respectively welded and connected to the positive electrode current collector 40 and the negative electrode current collector 50, can be connected to the first lower insulating member 60 and the second lower insulating member 70, and to one end of the first separating member 80 and the second separating member 90, respectively.

[0078] The battery cell 200 may be located inside the housing 100 (e.g., inside the housing body 110). If a cooling fluid C is contained within the housing 100, the battery cell 200 may be immersed in the cooling fluid C. The battery cell 200 may be located inside the housing body 110 such that the vent 34 faces upward. The vent 34 may be positioned coplanar with the upper surface of the battery cell 200. The lower surface of the battery cell 200 may be aligned with the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 (e.g., see...). Figure 1 Contact. The bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 may have the same configuration as the bottom surface of the housing body 110.

[0079] The battery cell 200 can be provided as a plurality of battery cells 200. The plurality of battery cells 200 can be arranged in multiple rows within the housing body 110 in the width direction. An example of the plurality of battery cells 200 arranged in two rows in the width direction of the housing body 110 will be described below. The plurality of battery cells 200 provided in any row can be arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of the housing body 110.

[0080] Figure 4 An enlarged view illustrating the configuration of the supply port, the first discharge port, and the second discharge port according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] refer to Figure 4 The supply port 300 can be connected to the housing 100 and allows cooling fluid C to be supplied to the interior of the housing 100. The supply port 300 can be formed in the shape of a tube with an empty interior and open sides. One side of the supply port 300 can be connected to the housing 100 (e.g., to a side surface of the housing body 110) and can communicate with the interior space of the housing 100. The other side of the supply port 300 can protrude to the exterior of the housing 100. The longitudinal direction of the supply port 300 can be parallel to the ground.

[0082] The supply port 300 may be provided to be open or closed. For example, the supply port 300 may include a supply valve 301 that opens or closes the internal space of the supply port 300. If the internal space of the supply port 300 is open, the supply valve 301 may allow cooling fluid C to flow from the supply port 300 to the internal space of the housing 100. The supply valve 301 may regulate the flow rate of cooling fluid C supplied to the internal space of the housing 100 by changing the opening area of ​​the internal space of the supply port 300. If the internal space of the supply port 300 is closed, the supply valve 301 may prevent cooling fluid C from flowing from the supply port 300 to the internal space of the housing 100. Examples of the supply valve 301 may include any type of electronic valve that can open or close the internal space of the supply port 300 in response to an externally applied electrical signal, etc. In one or more embodiments, examples of the supply valve 301 may include any type of manual valve that can be opened or closed by manual operation of an operator.

[0083] The first discharge port 400 can be connected to the housing 100 and allows cooling fluid C to be discharged from the interior of the housing 100.

[0084] One side of the first discharge port 400 may be connected to the housing 100 (e.g., to a side surface of the housing body 110) and may communicate with the interior space of the housing 100. The other side of the first discharge port 400 may protrude to the outside of the housing 100. The first discharge port 400 may be substantially parallel to the supply port 300.

[0085] The first discharge port 400 may be provided to be open or closed. For example, the first discharge port 400 may include a first discharge valve 401 that opens or closes the internal space of the first discharge port 400. If the internal space of the first discharge port 400 is open, the first discharge valve 401 may allow cooling fluid C to flow from the internal space of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400. The first discharge valve 401 may regulate the flow rate of cooling fluid C discharged from the housing 100 by changing the opening area of ​​the internal space of the first discharge port 400. If the internal space of the first discharge port 400 is closed, the first discharge valve 401 may prevent cooling fluid C from flowing from the internal space of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400. Examples of the first discharge valve 401 may include any type of electronic valve that can open or close the internal space of the first discharge port 400 in response to an externally applied electrical signal, etc. In one or more embodiments, examples of the first discharge valve 401 may include any type of manual valve that can be opened or closed by manual operation of an operator.

[0086] The distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 can be less than the distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200. The distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 can be the vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the central axis C1 of the first discharge port 400 (for example, see...). Figure 4 Furthermore, the distance Lc can be the vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200.

[0087] The ratio L1 / Lc of the distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 to the distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 can be in the range of about 0.8 to about 0.9. The central axis C1 of the first discharge port 400 can be located at about 80% to about 90% of the height of the battery cell 200. Even when the first discharge port 400 is open for circulating cooling fluid C, the level of cooling fluid C can be maintained at about 80% to about 90% of the height of the battery cell 200, and the battery cell 200 can be cooled with sufficient efficiency.

[0088] The second discharge port 500 may be connected to the housing 100 and may allow cooling fluid C to be discharged from the interior of the housing 100 independently of the first discharge port 400. One side of the second discharge port 500 may be connected to the housing 100 (e.g., to a side surface of the housing body 110) and may communicate with the interior space of the housing 100. The other side of the second discharge port 500 may protrude to the exterior of the housing 100. The second discharge port 500 may be substantially parallel to the supply port 300.

[0089] The second discharge port 500 may be provided to be open or closed. For example, the second discharge port 500 may include a second discharge valve 501 that opens or closes the internal space of the second discharge port 500. If the internal space of the second discharge port 500 is open, the second discharge valve 501 may allow cooling fluid C to flow from the internal space of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500. The second discharge valve 501 may regulate the flow rate of cooling fluid C discharged from the housing 100 by changing the opening area of ​​the internal space of the second discharge port 500. If the internal space of the second discharge port 500 is closed, the second discharge valve 501 may prevent cooling fluid C from flowing from the internal space of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500. Examples of the second discharge valve 501 may include any type of electronic valve that can open or close the internal space of the second discharge port 500 in response to an externally applied electrical signal, etc. In one or more embodiments, examples of the second discharge valve 501 may include any type of manual valve that can be opened or closed by manual operation of an operator.

[0090] The second discharge port 500 may be located lower than the first discharge port 400. For example, the ratio L2 / Lc of the distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500 to the distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 may be in the range of about 0.4 to about 0.5. The distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500 may be the vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the central axis C2 of the second discharge port 500. The central axis C2 of the second discharge port 500 may be located at about 40% to about 50% of the height of the battery cell 200. If the temperature of the battery cell 200 rises, the second discharge port 500 may open, and the level of the cooling fluid C may drop to about 40% to about 50% of the height of the battery cell 200. The second discharge port 500 may allow the volume of chamber A to expand before thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 200. If thermal runaway occurs in cell 200, the second discharge port 500 can reduce or prevent damage to housing 100 caused by excessive increase in internal pressure of chamber A.

[0091] The supply port 300 may be located lower than the second discharge port 500. For example, the distance L3 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the supply port 300 may be less than the distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500. The distance L3 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the supply port 300 may be the vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the central axis C3 of the supply port 300. The temperature of the supply port 300 may be increased through heat exchange with the battery cell 200, and the supply port 300 may guide the upward-moving cooling fluid C to be rapidly introduced into the first discharge port 400 or the second discharge port 500.

[0092] Figure 5 A view illustrating the configuration of a loop component according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0093] refer to Figure 5 The energy storage system may further include a circulation component 600. The circulation component 600 can be used as a component to circulate the cooling fluid C supplied to or discharged from the housing 100. The circulation component 600 may include a circulation line 610, a cooler 620, and a pump 630.

[0094] The circulation line 610 can be connected to the supply port 300, the first discharge port 400, and the second discharge port 500, and can guide the flow of cooling fluid C outside the housing 100. The circulation line 610 can be formed in the shape of a tube with an empty interior. One end portion of the circulation line 610 can be connected to the other side of the supply port 300 protruding outside the housing 100 and can communicate with the internal space of the supply port 300. The other end portion of the circulation line 610 can be connected to the other side of the first discharge port 400 and / or the second discharge port 500 protruding outside the housing 100 and can communicate with the internal space of the first discharge port 400 and / or the first discharge port 500. The other end portion of the circulation line 610 can branch into a pair of portions, and the pair of portions can be connected to the first discharge port 400 and the second discharge port 500, respectively. In one or more embodiments, a storage tank for storing cooling fluid C and replenishing or recovering cooling fluid C from circulation line 610 may be connected to circulation line 610.

[0095] The cooler 620 may be connected to the circulation line 610 and may cool the cooling fluid C flowing through the circulation line 610. Examples of the cooler 620 may include any type of heat exchange device that can cool the cooling fluid C flowing through the circulation line 610 by heat exchange with outside air or a separate refrigerant.

[0096] Pump 630 may be connected to circulation line 610 and may cause cooling fluid C introduced into circulation line 610 from first discharge port 400 and / or second discharge port 500 to flow toward supply port 300 or pump cooling fluid C introduced into circulation line 610 from first discharge port 400 and / or second discharge port 500 toward supply port 300. Examples of pump 630 may include any type of power unit that can receive power from the outside and provide fluid force to the cooling fluid C flowing through circulation line 610.

[0097] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A block diagram illustrating the configuration of a temperature sensor and controller according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0098] refer to Figures 1-6 The energy storage system may further include a temperature sensor 710 and a controller (e.g., a control unit) 800.

[0099] The temperature sensor 710 may include any type of detection unit capable of detecting the temperature of the battery cell 200, such as a thermistor, infrared sensor, etc. The temperature sensor 710 may be inside or outside the housing 100. The temperature sensor 710 may individually detect the temperature of multiple battery cells 200.

[0100] The controller 800 can generally control the operation of the supply port 300, the first discharge port 400, and the second discharge port 500.

[0101] For example, controller 800 can open or close supply port 300, first discharge port 400, and second discharge port 500 based on data detected by temperature sensor 710. For example, controller 800 can control the operation of supply valve 301, first discharge valve 401, and / or second discharge valve 501 to individually open or close supply port 300, first discharge port 400, and / or second discharge port 500. Controller 800 can control the operation of supply valve 301, first discharge valve 401, and / or second discharge valve 501 to block the flow of cooling fluid C through supply port 300, first discharge port 400, and / or second discharge port 500, or to regulate the flow rate of cooling fluid C through supply port 300, first discharge port 400, and / or second discharge port 500.

[0102] refer to Figure 7 The controller 800 can be connected to the circulation component 600 and can control the operation of the circulation component 600. For example, the controller 800 can control the on / off state or output of the pump 630 to regulate the flow rate of the cooling fluid C passing through the supply port 300, the first discharge port 400 and / or the second discharge port 500.

[0103] The controller 800 can be implemented as an electronic control unit (ECU), a central processing unit (CPU), a processor, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC), and can control multiple hardware or software components by running an operating system or application, and can process and calculate various types of data. The controller 800 can be configured to execute at least one command stored in memory, and can store the result data of the execution in memory.

[0104] The controller 800 may include a communication device capable of establishing a communication connection with an external server or another controller 800, and sending or receiving data through the established communication connection. The communication device may be implemented to... communication method, communication method, Any device that performs wireless communication connection using either a communication method or a near-field communication (NFC) method, or a device that performs wired communication via a cable, etc. Bluetooth Sig, Inc., Kirkland, WA is a registered trademark. It is a registered trademark of the non-profit Wi-Fi Alliance, and (CA is a registered trademark of the Standards Alliance).

[0105] The operation of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0106] Figure 8 and Figure 9 A view illustrating, schematically, the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0107] refer to Figure 8 If the battery cell 200 is operating normally, the controller 800 can open the first discharge port 400.

[0108] The controller 800 can determine whether the battery cell 200 is operating normally based on the temperature value of the battery cell 200 detected by the temperature sensor 710.

[0109] For example, if the temperature of a single battery cell 200 is below or equal to a first temperature (e.g., a first set temperature), the controller 800 may determine that the single battery cell 200 is operating normally. In one or more embodiments where the single battery cell 200 is formed as a plurality of single battery cells 200, if the temperature of all the plurality of single battery cells 200 is below or equal to the first temperature, the controller 800 may determine that each single battery cell 200 is operating normally. The first temperature may be above about 60°C and below about 70°C.

[0110] If the battery cell 200 is confirmed to be operating normally, the controller 800 may open the first discharge port 400 and close the second discharge port 500. In this case, the controller 800 may open the supply port 300.

[0111] Cooling fluid C can be supplied to housing 100 through supply port 300, discharged from housing 100 through first discharge port 400, and circulated.

[0112] If the ratio L1 / Lc of the distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 to the distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 is set to about 0.8 to about 0.9, the level of the cooling fluid C can be maintained at more than about 80% of the height of the battery cell 200. The first discharge port 400 can reduce or prevent the deterioration of the cooling performance of the battery cell 200.

[0113] If the temperature of a single battery cell 200 is higher than or equal to a second temperature (e.g., a second set temperature), the controller 800 may determine that the single battery cell 200 is operating abnormally. In one or more embodiments where the single battery cell 200 is formed as a plurality of single battery cells 200, if the temperature of any one of the plurality of single battery cells 200 is higher than or equal to the second temperature, the controller 800 may determine that each single battery cell 200 is operating abnormally. The second temperature may be above about 150°C and below about 200°C.

[0114] If an abnormal operation of battery cell 200 is determined, controller 800 may open the second discharge port 500 and close the first discharge port 400. In this case, controller 800 may open supply port 300.

[0115] Because the second discharge port 500 is located lower than the first discharge port 400, if the second discharge port 500 is opened, the level of the cooling fluid C can be reduced.

[0116] For example, if the ratio L2 / Lc of the distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500 to the distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 is set to about 0.4 to about 0.5, the level of the cooling fluid C can be reduced to about 50% or less of the height of the battery cell 200.

[0117] The controller 800 can reduce the level of the cooling fluid C and can expand the volume of chamber A before thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs. If thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs, the controller 800 can reduce or prevent damage to the housing 100 by reducing the increase in internal pressure of the housing 100 caused by gases discharged from the exhaust 34, etc.

[0118] In the following, an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0119] Figure 10 A view illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0120] refer to Figure 10 Energy storage systems can be configured to operate according to references. Figures 1-9 The energy storage system described in one or more embodiments of this disclosure further includes a housing vent 900.

[0121] In describing the energy storage system, only the housing exhaust element 900, which is not described in one or more embodiments of the energy storage system according to this disclosure, will be described below.

[0122] The description of the energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure can be directly applied to the remaining components of the energy storage system according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0123] The housing vent 900 can be connected to the housing 100, and can open if the internal pressure of the housing 100 (e.g., the pressure in chamber A) increases above a corresponding pressure. If the housing vent 900 is open, chamber A can communicate with the external space of the housing 100. In one or more embodiments, the housing vent 900 can serve as a pathway through which gases, smoke, flames, etc., emitted from the battery cell 200 are discharged to the outside of the housing 100 if thermal runaway occurs. The threshold pressure (e.g., a set pressure) at which the housing vent 900 opens can be designed to vary in various ways within a range where the threshold pressure is less than the internal pressure of chamber A at the time the housing body 110 and cover 120 rupture. If the internal pressure of chamber A increases due to thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, the housing vent 900 can rupture before the time when the housing 100 ruptures, thereby reducing or preventing damage to the housing 100.

[0124] For example, a housing vent 900 may be mounted on the upper side of the housing 100 (e.g., cover 120). If the internal pressure of chamber A is below or equal to a threshold pressure, the housing vent 900 may remain closed and seal chamber A. If the internal pressure of chamber A increases above the threshold pressure, the housing vent 900 may rupture itself and open chamber A. In one or more embodiments, the housing vent 900 may include a cut having a thickness smaller than that of the housing body 110 and cover 120, or be configured to guide rupture, such that the housing vent 900 may rupture at a pressure less than the internal pressure of chamber A at which the housing body 100 and cover 120 rupture.

[0125] The operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0126] Figure 11 A view illustrating the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0127] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 11 Before the battery cell 200 may explode, the controller 800 can open the second discharge port 500 to reduce the level of the cooling fluid C and increase the volume of the chamber A.

[0128] Due to this increase in the volume of chamber A, the increase in internal pressure of chamber A can be reduced if cell 200 explodes.

[0129] However, if the explosion pressure of the battery cell 200 is higher than expected, or if multiple battery cells 200 explode in succession, even if the second discharge port 500 is opened, the pressure in chamber A can increase to a level greater than or equal to the rupture pressure of the casing 100.

[0130] In this case, if the pressure in chamber A increases above the threshold pressure, the housing vent 900 may form a path for the housing vent 900 to rupture before the housing 100, and gases such as those emitted from the battery cell 200 may be discharged from chamber A.

[0131] Gas emitted from the battery cell 200 can be discharged to the outside of the housing 100, and the pressure in chamber A can be reduced to below the threshold pressure.

[0132] In the following, an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0133] Figure 12 The views are provided to illustratively illustrate the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure, and Figure 13 A block diagram illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0134] refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 Energy storage systems can be configured to operate according to references. Figure 10 and Figure 11 The energy storage system described in one or more other embodiments of this disclosure further includes a pressure sensor 720 and a liquid level sensor 730.

[0135] When describing the energy storage system, the operation of the pressure sensor 720, the level sensor 730, and the controller 800 that communicate with them will only be described below, which were not described above.

[0136] The pressure sensor 720 may include any type of sensing unit capable of detecting internal pressure (e.g., pressure in chamber A) of the housing 100, such as a strain gauge, capacitive pressure sensor, potentiometric pressure sensor, piezoelectric pressure sensor, silicon pressure sensor, etc. The pressure sensor 720 may be inside or outside the housing 100.

[0137] The level sensor 730 may include any type of detection unit capable of detecting the level of the cooling fluid C, such as an ultrasonic level sensor, a microwave level sensor, a capacitive level sensor, a pressure-type level sensor, etc. The level sensor 730 may detect the level of the cooling fluid C continuously or intermittently. The level sensor 730 may be located inside or outside the housing 100.

[0138] The controller 800 can determine whether the housing vent 900 is open based on the data detected by the pressure sensor 720.

[0139] If the housing vent 900 is determined to be open, the controller 800 can control the operation of the supply port 300, the first discharge port 400, the second discharge port 500, and the circulation member 600 based on data detected by the level sensor 730 to regulate the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 and to raise the level of the cooling fluid C. In the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, the controller 800 can achieve fire suppression performance by raising the level of the cooling fluid C.

[0140] Figures 14-16 A view illustrating the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0141] Figures 14-16 The operations illustrated in the example can be executed Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 11 The operations described herein will be executed (e.g., sequentially).

[0142] Before and after the housing vent 900 is opened, the pressure sensor 720 detects the internal pressure of the housing 100 (e.g., the pressure in chamber A).

[0143] The pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 720 can reach a threshold pressure (e.g., a set pressure) before the housing vent 900 is opened, and can then be reduced to a pressure below the threshold pressure after the housing vent 900 is opened.

[0144] In this way, if the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 720 decreases after reaching the threshold pressure, the controller 800 can determine that the housing vent 900 is open.

[0145] If the housing exhaust 900 is determined to be open, the controller 800 may open the supply port 300 and close the first exhaust port 400 and the second exhaust port 500 to raise the level of the cooling fluid C.

[0146] During this process, the controller 800 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 through the supply port 300 based on the data detected by the liquid level sensor 730.

[0147] For example, if the housing vent 900 is open, the controller 800 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 through the supply port 300 to a first flow rate. In this case, the controller 800 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 to the first flow rate by controlling the operation of the supply valve 301 or the pump 630. The first flow rate may be, for example, about 3 liters per minute (LPM). In one or more embodiments, the controller 800 can control the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 in real time based on data detected by a flow rate sensor separately installed in the housing 100 or the supply port 300.

[0148] Subsequently, if the level of the cooling fluid C rises to a distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200, the cooling fluid C can be introduced into the exhaust 34 and can extinguish the fire in the battery cell 200.

[0149] If the level of the cooling fluid C rises above the distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200, the controller 800 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 through the supply port 300 from a first flow rate to a second flow rate. The second flow rate can be less than the first flow rate. For example, the second flow rate can be about 1.5 LPM.

[0150] When the explosion of the battery cell 200 begins, the controller 800 can relatively increase the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 to quickly extinguish the fire in the battery cell 200.

[0151] Furthermore, after the cooling fluid C is introduced into the vent 34, the controller 800 can relatively reduce the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 to reduce the amount of cooling fluid C discharged to the outside of the housing 100 through the housing vent 900, and can increase the time that the cooling fluid C remains in the housing 100 to improve fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0152] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a first discharge port and a second discharge port for discharging cooling fluid from the housing are located at different heights, and their states are individually adjusted to open and closed states depending on whether the battery cell is operating normally. Therefore, the degradation of the cooling efficiency of the battery cell can be reduced or prevented during normal operation of the battery cell, and the increase in internal pressure of the housing can be reduced to reduce or prevent damage to the housing during thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0153] According to embodiments of this disclosure, during thermal runaway of a battery cell, the housing vent can reduce or prevent the possibility that the internal pressure of the housing will increase to a level greater than or equal to the housing rupture pressure.

[0154] According to embodiments of this disclosure, if the housing vent is opened, the cooling fluid can be used to extinguish the fire by raising the level of the cooling fluid.

[0155] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when a battery cell explosion begins, the fire in the battery cell can be quickly extinguished by relatively increasing the flow rate of the cooling fluid supplied to the casing.

[0156] According to embodiments of this disclosure, after the cooling fluid is introduced into the venting component, by relatively reducing the flow rate of the cooling fluid supplied to the housing, the amount of cooling fluid lost through the housing venting component to the outside of the housing can be reduced, and the time the cooling fluid remains in the housing can be increased, thereby improving fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0157] However, the aspects available through this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand from the following description of this disclosure other aspects not mentioned.

[0158] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, these embodiments are merely illustrative, and it should be understood that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments can be derived by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: The housing is configured to contain cooling fluid; The battery cell is located inside the casing to contact the cooling fluid. A supply port, connected to the housing, is provided for supplying the cooling fluid into the interior of the housing. A first discharge port is connected to the housing for discharging the cooling fluid from the interior of the housing; as well as The second discharge port is connected to the housing at a lower position than the first discharge port.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the first discharge port is less than the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the top surface of the battery cell.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratio of the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the first discharge port to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the top surface of the battery cell is between 0.8 and 0.

9.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the second discharge port to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the top surface of the battery cell is between 0.4 and 0.

5.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supply port is located lower than the second discharge port.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage system further includes: A temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the individual battery cells; and The controller is configured to control the operation of the supply port, the first discharge port, and the second discharge port based on the temperature of the battery cell.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller is configured to open the first discharge port and close the second discharge port when the temperature of the battery cell is lower than or equal to a first temperature.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first temperature is above 60°C and below 70°C.

9. The energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The controller is configured to open the second discharge port and close the first discharge port when the temperature of the battery cell is higher than or equal to a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second temperature is above 150°C and below 200°C.

11. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy storage system further includes a housing vent connected to the housing and configured to open when the internal pressure of the housing increases above a threshold pressure.

12. The energy storage system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The controller is configured to open the supply port and close the first and second discharge ports when the housing exhaust is opened.

13. The energy storage system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The energy storage system further includes a pressure sensor configured to detect the internal pressure of the housing. The controller is configured to determine whether the housing vent is open based on the internal pressure of the housing.

14. The energy storage system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The energy storage system further includes a liquid level sensor configured to detect the level of the cooling fluid within the housing. The controller is configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the housing through the supply port based on the level of the cooling fluid.

15. The energy storage system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The controller is configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the housing to a first flow rate when the housing vent is opened.

16. The energy storage system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The controller is configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the housing to a second flow rate, which is less than the first flow rate, when the level of the cooling fluid is greater than or equal to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the upper surface of the battery cell.

17. The energy storage system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first flow rate is 3 liters per minute, and The second flow rate is 1.5 liters per minute.

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