Alpha particle electromagnetic deflection demonstration device based on low-temperature cloud chamber

Abstract

The utility model relates to an alpha particle electromagnetic deflection demonstration device based on a low-temperature cloud chamber, which is characterized in that a black aluminum sheet is arranged on a bottom plate of a transparent cover body, a cooling module for cooling the aluminum sheet is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate, and a pair of first power grids which are arranged along the longitudinal direction and are parallel to each other are suspended on the opposite top side of the aluminum sheet; a horizontal second power grid is suspended at the top of the first power grid; the power module supplies power to the first power grid and the second power grid for providing an electric field; a movable magnet module is arranged on the cover wall of the cover body and is used for providing a magnetic field; and the sponge is suspended at the top in the cover body and is used for adsorbing and volatilizing isopropanol. Reducing the temperature to enable supersaturated vapor molecules in the cloud chamber to collide with the alpha particles to generate ionization, adsorbing the vapor molecules on ions, condensing the vapor molecules by taking the ions as the center to form cloud mist, and observing white particle tracks under illumination; the position of the radioactive source is adjusted when the properties or directions of vertical and horizontal electric fields, magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields are superposed and converted, so that the particle trajectory is clearer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a demonstration device, specifically an alpha particle electromagnetic deflection demonstration device based on a low-temperature cloud chamber, belonging to the field of scientific demonstration technology. Background Technology

[0002] The cloud chamber, first proposed by British scientist Wilson in 1896, was the earliest charged particle detector, capable of displaying the tracks of particles that could cause ionization. Cloud chambers have played a significant role in the development of particle physics; many fundamental particles, such as positrons and muons, were discovered by observing cosmic rays and photographing their trajectories within the cloud chamber. However, because it operates by altering the internal pressure through adiabatic expansion to form supersaturated vapor, it suffers from stringent limitations, including short sensitivity time, inability to operate continuously, large size, high sealing requirements, and high cost. Diffuse cloud chambers effectively overcome these limitations, making cryogenic diffuse cloud chambers a new research hotspot in cloud chamber research.

[0003] Patent 202021795912.X proposes a low-temperature sustainable observation cloud chamber. This device adds a separate temperature control system, which is set outside the cloud chamber. The temperature inside the cloud chamber is adjusted in real time through temperature probes and compressors for continuous cooling, thus achieving continuous observation. However, like the Wilson cloud chamber, it only stays at the simple observation level and does not add any modules to verify the physical laws at the microscopic level.

[0004] Patent 201210150601.1 discloses a cloud chamber and cloud chamber system for counting atmospheric ice nuclei activation, applicable to the field of atmospheric science. The device innovatively adds two cloud chambers, an upper one connected to an air pump and a water vapor chamber, and a lower one connected to a temperature control device. The connection between the upper and lower cloud chambers forms a sealed cloud chamber cavity, simulating the temperature, humidity, and pressure conditions in the atmospheric environment. The solution also employs PID process control, which can precisely control environmental conditions within the error range. While this patent puts the cloud chamber principle into practical use, the related modules are costly, requiring high-precision temperature control plates, sensors, and a high-resolution CCD camera; the operation is complex, and the PID control method requires professional personnel for adjustment and maintenance.

[0005] In his article "Observing X-ray Tracks in a Self-Made Cloud Chamber" published in Physics Bulletin, 2021, 40(10): 98-101, Liang Zhenhua described how a temperature difference system formed by a heating plate and a cooling plate rapidly creates a supersaturated layer, allowing the observation of X-ray tracks for detecting radioactivity in everyday objects. While innovative and inexpensive, the application of cloud chambers remains somewhat inappropriate given the availability of more scientific methods for detecting radioactive sources.

[0006] Therefore, how to apply cloud computing to real-world scenarios remains a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an alpha particle electromagnetic deflection demonstration device based on a low-temperature cloud chamber.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] An alpha particle electromagnetic deflection demonstration device based on a cryogenic cloud chamber includes a transparent enclosure with a black aluminum sheet mounted on the base plate of the enclosure.

[0010] A cooling module is located at the bottom of the base plate and is used to cool the aluminum sheet;

[0011] A pair of first electric grids arranged longitudinally and parallel to each other are suspended on the opposite top sides of the aluminum sheet; a horizontal second electric grid is suspended on top of the first electric grids; a power module supplies power to the first and second electric grids to provide an electric field.

[0012] The cover wall is equipped with a movable magnet module to provide a magnetic field;

[0013] The sponge is suspended at the top inside the cover to absorb and volatilize isopropyl alcohol.

[0014] The aforementioned alpha particles are provided by americium placed on the aluminum sheet.

[0015] The aforementioned cooling module is a semiconductor refrigeration device, and the aluminum sheet is attached to the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration device inside the cover.

[0016] The aluminum sheet mentioned above measures 20mm × 20mm.

[0017] The aforementioned enclosure contains spotlights facing the top surface of the aluminum sheet.

[0018] The aforementioned magnet module includes neodymium iron boron magnets that are magnetically attracted to each other by attaching to the inner and outer walls of the cover, and the movement of the inner wall end is linked by the movement of the outer wall end.

[0019] The aforementioned cover is placed on top of the box, and the power module and control device are located inside the box. The control device is connected to the cooling module.

[0020] Furthermore, the aforementioned enclosure is equipped with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the top surface of the aluminum sheet. The temperature sensor is connected to a control device, and the control device drives the cooling module based on the feedback from the temperature sensor.

[0021] The aforementioned enclosure is a glass enclosure.

[0022] The aforementioned sponge, first electric grid, and second electric grid are fixed by a bracket located inside the cover.

[0023] The advantages of this utility model are:

[0024] This invention relates to an electromagnetic deflection demonstration device for alpha particles based on a low-temperature cloud chamber. By lowering the temperature, the supersaturated vapor molecules and alpha particles collide and ionize within the cloud chamber, causing the vapor molecules to be adsorbed onto the ions and condense around the ions to form a cloud. When there is light, due to the Tyndall effect, white particle tracks can be observed. Furthermore, by superimposing longitudinal and transverse electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, and by changing the nature or direction of the fields, the position of the radiation source can be reasonably adjusted to make the particle trajectories clearest.

[0025] The advantages of this novel cloud chamber lie in its lack of strict airtightness, simpler experimental conditions, easier operation, shorter experimental time, more obvious experimental phenomena, and lower cost of equipment. It can intuitively help researchers understand the working principle of the cloud chamber, comprehend the instability of supersaturated vapor, observe the trajectory of alpha particles, and analyze the physical properties of particles through trajectory deflection. Compared to ordinary low-temperature cloud chambers, this demonstration device also has the advantage of observing the electric and magnetic deflection of alpha particles, providing a more intuitive understanding of particle electrical properties and the Lorentz and electric forces experienced by particles in magnetic and electric fields. It also allows for qualitative analysis of the electrical properties of alpha particles, helping researchers build a deeper understanding of particles and electric and magnetic fields, demonstrating strong practicality and wide applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the demonstration device of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure.

[0028] The meanings of the markings in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Cover, 2. Box, 3. Semiconductor cooling device, 4. Power module, 5. Control device, 6. Neodymium iron boron magnet, 7. Support, 8. First power grid, 9. Second power grid, 10. Sponge, 11. Aluminum sheet, 12. Fan. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] An alpha particle electromagnetic deflection demonstration device based on a cryogenic cloud chamber consists of a box 2 and a cover 1.

[0031] The power module 4 and the control device 5 are located inside the enclosure 2. The external dimensions of the enclosure 2 are preferably 300mm×200mm×400mm, and the internal dimensions are preferably 295mm×195mm×395mm.

[0032] Cover 1 is located on the top surface of box 2, and the material of cover 1 is preferably transparent glass.

[0033] The cover 1 uses the top plate of the box 2 as its base plate. The cooling module is embedded in the base plate. The cooling module is preferably a semiconductor refrigeration device 3, that is, the semiconductor refrigeration device 3 is placed inside the cover 1 through the top plate of the box 2. A black aluminum sheet 11 covers the refrigeration sheet. Preferably, the size of the aluminum sheet 11 is 20mm×20mm.

[0034] The cover 1 is equipped with a bracket 7; through the bracket 7, two longitudinally arranged first electric grids 8 are suspended parallel to each other on both sides of the top surface of the aluminum sheet; through the bracket 7, the second electric grid 9 is suspended horizontally on top of the first electric grids 8, directly opposite the aluminum sheet; through the bracket 7, the sponge 10 is suspended on top of the second electric grid 9.

[0035] The enclosure 1 is equipped with a spotlight, with the light directed at the top surface of the aluminum sheet 11.

[0036] The enclosure 1 is also equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the aluminum sheet 11. The temperature sensor and the semiconductor cooling device 3 are connected to the control device 5 inside the enclosure 2. That is, the control device 5 starts the semiconductor cooling device 3 to cool the aluminum sheet 11, and then adjusts or turns the semiconductor cooling device 3 on or off according to the feedback from the temperature sensor to maintain a certain temperature for the aluminum sheet 11.

[0037] The cover 1 has movable magnet modules on its walls, preferably neodymium iron boron magnets 6 that attract each other, with one magnet inside the cover and the other outside. The magnets on the inner walls can be moved by moving the magnets on the outer walls.

[0038] The power module 4 supplies power to the spotlights, the first power grid 8, the second power grid 9, and the semiconductor cooling device 3. For better heat dissipation, a fan 12 and ventilation mesh can be installed inside the housing 2.

[0039] When using,

[0040] Before the experiment, spray the sponge 10 with isopropanol solution, cover it with the cover 1, and wait for five minutes to allow the isopropanol solution to fully evaporate and fill the entire cover 1, so that it reaches a saturated state and is more likely to form a supersaturated vapor layer at the bottom.

[0041] Americium with weak radioactivity is placed on an aluminum sheet 11. The aluminum sheet 11 is cooled to -31.9°C within 60 seconds by a semiconductor cooling device 3, satisfying the condition for isopropanol inside the enclosure to form supersaturated vapor on the aluminum sheet surface. A temperature sensor monitors the temperature in real time, maintaining it within a suitable range (-28°C to -32°C). After the aluminum sheet surface temperature drops to the suitable level, it is observed whether scattered particle trajectories form on the aluminum sheet surface.

[0042] If scattered particle trajectories are formed on the surface of the aluminum sheet, power is supplied to the first power grid 8 and the second power grid 9 to form a 7kV high voltage. By observing the changes in particle trajectories, the electrical deflection of radioactive alpha particles that can be observed with the naked eye can be demonstrated.

[0043] After observing the effect of electric deflection, stop supplying power to the first power grid 8 and the second power grid 9. Then move the neodymium iron boron magnet 6 up and down and observe whether the particle trajectory becomes clearer and thicker. If it becomes clearer and thicker, it indicates that the particle has undergone magnetic deflection in the vertical direction, thus completing the experiment of observing the magnetic deflection of charged particles.

[0044] This completes the observation of the electric and magnetic deflection phenomena of charged particles.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit this utility model in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A demonstration device for electromagnetic deflection of alpha particles based on a cryogenic cloud chamber, characterized in that, It includes a transparent cover, with a black aluminum sheet on the bottom plate of the cover. A cooling module is located at the bottom of the base plate and is used to cool the aluminum sheet; A pair of first electric grids arranged longitudinally and parallel to each other are suspended on the opposite top sides of the aluminum sheet; a horizontal second electric grid is suspended on top of the first electric grids; a power module supplies power to the first and second electric grids to provide an electric field. The cover wall is provided with a movable magnet module for providing a magnetic field; the magnet module includes neodymium iron boron magnets that are magnetically attracted to each other by adhering to the inner and outer walls of the cover, and the inner wall end moves in conjunction with the outer wall end by moving the outer wall end. The sponge is suspended at the top inside the cover to absorb and volatilize isopropyl alcohol; The enclosure is equipped with a spotlight facing the top surface of the aluminum sheet; alpha particles are provided by americium placed on the aluminum sheet.

2. The demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling module is a semiconductor refrigeration device, and the aluminum sheet is attached to the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration device inside the cover.

3. The demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum sheet has a size of 20mm × 20mm.

4. The demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover is placed on top of the box, and the power module and control device are located inside the box. The control device is connected to the cooling module.

5. The demonstration device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The enclosure is equipped with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the top surface of the aluminum sheet. The temperature sensor is connected to a control device, which drives the cooling module based on the feedback from the temperature sensor.

6. The demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover is a glass cover.

7. The demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sponge, the first electric grid, and the second electric grid are fixed by a bracket located inside the cover.

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