On-site molding type multi-layer composite cable sheath

Abstract

The utility model discloses an on-site molded multilayer composite cable sheath, which relates to the technical field of cable protection, and comprises a waterproof inner layer, a fireproof middle layer, a protective outer layer and a spraying tool, and the waterproof inner layer covers a cable joint; the fireproof middle layer covers the waterproof inner layer; the protective outer layer covers the fireproof middle layer; the spraying tool is detachably arranged on the cable in a sleeving mode, the spraying end of the spraying tool corresponds to the position of the cable connector and is used for driving the spraying end to rotate around the outer edge of the cable connector under the action of external force, and the spraying end is used for spraying paint to the cable connector. According to the utility model, a composite sheath structure with waterproof, fireproof and mechanical protection functions is formed outside the cable joint by rotating the spraying tool, so that the wrapping completeness of the cable joint is effectively improved, the shape adaptability of the cable joint is considered, and meanwhile, rapid construction can be performed and the protection capability of the cable joint is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cable protection technology, and in particular to a field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath. Background Technology

[0002] As power networks become more complex, cable joints face more stringent protection requirements: on the one hand, they need to resist environmental factors such as rainwater infiltration and chemical corrosion, on the other hand, they need to have flame-retardant properties to prevent the spread of fire, and at the same time, they need to withstand mechanical impacts.

[0003] Existing single-function protective sleeves cannot meet this complex protection requirement. If a multi-layer protective sleeve stacking scheme is adopted, it will lead to problems such as complicated construction procedures and bulky structure. More importantly, traditional technologies cannot achieve real-time customized molding according to the geometry of the joint, resulting in gaps or stress concentration points between the protective layer and the joint surface, which become weak links in long-term operation. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a field-formed multi-layer composite cable sheath, which aims to take into account the adaptability of cable joint shape while enabling rapid construction and improving the protection of cable joints.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a field-formed multi-layer composite cable sheath for cable joints, wherein the two ends of the cable joint along its extension direction are respectively connected to a first cable and a second cable, and the field-formed multi-layer composite cable sheath comprises:

[0006] A waterproof inner layer that covers the cable connector;

[0007] A fire-resistant middle layer, which covers the waterproof inner layer;

[0008] A protective outer layer, which covers the fireproof middle layer;

[0009] A spraying fixture has a first mounting end and a second mounting end extending along the cable joint. The first mounting end and the second mounting end are detachably sleeved on the first cable and the second cable, respectively. The spraying end of the spraying fixture is positioned between the first mounting end and the second mounting end, corresponding to the position of the cable joint. The first mounting end and the second mounting end are used to drive the spraying end to rotate around the outer edge of the cable joint under the action of external force. The spraying end is used to spray paint onto the cable joint to form the waterproof inner layer, the fireproof middle layer and the protective outer layer on the outside of the cable joint.

[0010] In one embodiment, the thickness of the waterproof inner layer is A, where 0.5mm ≤ A ≤ 1mm.

[0011] In one embodiment, the waterproof inner layer is a liquid polyurethane component or a silicone rubber solution component.

[0012] In one embodiment, the thickness of the fireproof intermediate layer is B, where 1mm ≤ B ≤ 2mm.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fireproof intermediate layer is an intumescent flame-retardant coating component.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness of the protective outer layer is C, where 2mm ≤ C ≤ 3mm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the protective outer layer is made of UV-cured epoxy resin.

[0016] In one embodiment, the spraying fixture includes a spraying plate, a connecting plate, and two mounting structures. The two mounting structures are spaced apart along the extension direction of the cable connector, and respectively form a first mounting end and a second mounting end. The spraying plate is connected between the two mounting structures. The spraying plate has a flow channel, and the spraying plate has multiple spray holes communicating with the flow channel on the side facing the cable connector. The array of multiple spray holes forms the spraying end. The flow channel is connected to an external liquid supply device through a liquid supply pipe. The connecting plate is installed between the two mounting structures, and the connecting plate and the spraying plate are spaced apart along the circumference of the cable connector.

[0017] In one embodiment, the mounting structure includes a flexible mounting plate, a flexible gasket, a bolt, and a connecting plate. The flexible gasket abuts against the first cable or the second cable. The flexible mounting plate is rotatably fitted over the flexible gasket. The connecting plate is connected to the side of the flexible mounting plate opposite to the flexible gasket. The connecting plate is provided with a slot, and the end of the connecting plate is engaged with the slot. The flexible mounting plate has a first connecting protrusion and a second connecting protrusion at its two ends along the circumference of the cable connector. The first connecting protrusion and the second connecting protrusion are detachably connected by the bolt.

[0018] In one embodiment, an LED light panel is mounted on the side of the connecting plate facing the cable connector.

[0019] This invention utilizes a rotary spraying fixture to form a composite sheath structure with waterproof, fireproof, and mechanical protection functions on the outside of the cable joint. This solves the technical problems of poor shape adaptability, low construction efficiency, and limited protective functions in traditional protection schemes. It effectively improves the integrity of the sheath covering irregularly shaped cable joints and eliminates the gap between the traditional sheath and irregular surfaces. Furthermore, by utilizing a waterproof inner layer to block moisture intrusion, a fireproof middle layer to delay the spread of fire, and a protective outer layer to resist external mechanical damage, it achieves rapid construction and enhanced protection for the cable joint while maintaining adaptability to different cable joint shapes. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structural embodiment of the field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath provided by this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the spraying fixture involved in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of an embodiment of the spraying fixture involved in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the spray-coated plate involved in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the waterproof inner layer, fireproof middle layer and protective outer layer involved in this utility model.

[0026] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0027] 10. Cable connector; 20. First cable; 30. Second cable;

[0028] 100. Waterproof inner layer; 200. Fireproof middle layer; 300. Protective outer layer; 400. Spraying fixture; 401. First mounting end; 402. Second mounting end; 403. Spraying end; 404. Slot; 410. Spraying plate; 420. Connecting plate; 430. Mounting structure; 440. Liquid supply pipe; 450. LED light panel; 421. Flow channel; 422. Spraying hole; 431. Flexible mounting piece; 432. Flexible gasket; 433. Bolt; 434. Connecting piece; 435. First connecting protrusion; 436. Second connecting protrusion.

[0029] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0031] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0033] Currently, traditional prefabricated heat-shrink tubing relies on a heat-shrink process for cable joint protection. While this is cost-effective, its fixed shape makes it unsuitable for effectively covering irregularly shaped joints, and high-temperature operations pose safety hazards. Cold-shrink rubber tubing avoids heat source risks, but its elastic memory properties limit its ability to guarantee a seal on irregular joints, making it prone to protection failure, especially under complex conditions. Injection-molded sheaths achieve good fit, but require heavy equipment to be transported to the construction site, and the material curing time is over 2 hours, severely hindering emergency repair efficiency.

[0034] As power networks become increasingly complex, cable joints face more stringent protection requirements: on the one hand, they need to resist environmental factors such as rainwater penetration and chemical corrosion; on the other hand, they need to possess flame-retardant properties to prevent the spread of fire, while also withstanding mechanical impacts. Existing single-function sheaths cannot meet these complex protection needs, and using multi-layer sheath stacking solutions leads to cumbersome construction procedures and bulky structures. More importantly, traditional technologies cannot achieve real-time customized molding based on the joint geometry, resulting in gaps or stress concentration points between the protective layer and the joint surface, becoming weak points in long-term operation.

[0035] In existing technologies, prefabricated heat-shrink tubing is prone to wrinkling when covering reducing joints due to its fixed material shrinkage rate; cold-shrink rubber tubing results in uneven radial pressure distribution on axial tapered joints; while injection molding can fill irregular spaces, it suffers from complex flow channel design and significant material waste. These defects collectively lead to systemic risks in cable joint protection, such as unstable waterproofing, insufficient fire resistance, and inadequate mechanical strength. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new protection solution that balances shape adaptability, rapid construction, and multifunctional integration.

[0036] Therefore, in order to solve this technical problem, this utility model proposes a field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 Figure 2 and Figure 5In one embodiment of this utility model, the field-formed multi-layer composite cable sheath is used for a cable connector 10. The two ends of the cable connector 10 along its extension direction are respectively connected to a first cable 20 and a second cable 30. The field-formed multi-layer composite cable sheath includes a waterproof inner layer 100, a fireproof middle layer 200, a protective outer layer 300, and a spraying fixture 400. The waterproof inner layer 100 covers the cable connector 10; the fireproof middle layer 200 covers the waterproof inner layer 100; the protective outer layer 300 covers the fireproof middle layer 200; and the two ends of the spraying fixture 400 extending along the cable connector 10 are respectively a first mounting end 401 and a second mounting end 402. The second mounting end 402, the first mounting end 401 and the second mounting end 402 are detachably sleeved on the first cable 20 and the second cable 30, respectively. The spraying end 403 of the spraying fixture 400 is positioned between the first mounting end 401 and the second mounting end 402, corresponding to the position of the cable joint 10. The first mounting end 401 and the second mounting end 402 are used to drive the spraying end 403 to rotate around the outer edge of the cable joint 10 under the action of external force. The spraying end 403 is used to spray paint onto the cable joint 10 to form a waterproof inner layer 100, a fireproof middle layer 200 and a protective outer layer 300 on the outside of the cable joint 10.

[0038] It should be noted that the waterproof inner layer 100 refers to the sealing layer that directly contacts the cable joint 10, which can be achieved using liquid polyurethane or silicone rubber solution. Continuous spraying creates a seamless cover to prevent moisture penetration. The fireproof middle layer 200 is the flame-retardant layer surrounding the waterproof layer, which can be achieved using intumescent flame-retardant coating. Upon contact with fire, it foams to form a heat insulation barrier. The protective outer layer 300 is the outermost mechanical protective layer, which can be achieved using UV epoxy resin, forming a high-strength shell through light curing. The spraying fixture 400 is a rotating construction device, specifically employing a split installation structure 430 for quick assembly and disassembly. Rotation during spraying ensures uniform coverage of each layer.

[0039] More specifically, the installation structure 430 is fitted behind the cable. The operator pushes the spraying fixture 400 along the cable axis, simultaneously driving it to rotate around the joint. During rotation, the spraying end 403 sprays different coatings onto the joint surface, first forming a waterproof layer, then, after surface drying, a fire-retardant layer is applied, and finally a protective layer is applied. The protective layer is then simultaneously irradiated with ultraviolet light to rapidly harden the epoxy resin and form a stable structure. The entire process requires no prefabricated molds, adapting to the irregular contours of the joint through dynamic spraying.

[0040] The operation process is as follows: Pre-treat the surface of the cable joint 10 to remove oil and burrs; from the inside out, apply the waterproof inner layer 100, the fireproof middle layer 200, and the protective outer layer 300 in sequence. After spraying, the layers are cured under ultraviolet light. The waterproof inner layer 100 is made of polyurethane coating, the fireproof middle layer 200 is made of intumescent flame-retardant coating, and the protective outer layer 300 is made of UV-cured epoxy resin. During construction, the layers are sprayed and cured by irradiation with a 500W UV lamp for 20 seconds; adjust the spraying equipment pressure to 0.3~0.5MPa, and spray the waterproof inner layer 100 at a uniform speed from a distance of 20cm from the joint; after a 1-minute interval, spray the fireproof middle layer 200 in the same way; immediately spray the protective outer layer 300 and ensure complete coverage of the first two layers; irradiate the sheath with a UV lamp at a distance of 10cm in a ring at a speed of 5rpm.

[0041] Compared to existing technologies, prefabricated heat shrink tubing requires pre-determined joint dimensions, while this solution achieves shape adaptation through rotary spraying, handling any irregular structure. Traditional injection-molded sleeves require heavy equipment, while this solution uses a portable spraying fixture to reduce construction costs. Cold shrink tubing only provides a single sealing function; this solution achieves waterproofing, fireproofing, and impact resistance simultaneously through a three-layer composite structure.

[0042] The technical solution provided by this utility model uses a rotary spraying fixture 400 to form a composite sheath structure with waterproof, fireproof, and mechanical protection functions on the outside of the cable joint 10. This solves the technical problems of poor shape adaptability, low construction efficiency, and single protective function in traditional protection schemes. It has the advantages of achieving tight coverage of irregularly shaped joints, shortening curing time to 20 seconds, integrating waterproof, fireproof, and mechanical protection functions, and reducing the load on construction equipment. This effectively improves the integrity of the coverage of the irregularly shaped cable joint 10 and eliminates the gap between the traditional sheath and the irregular surface. It also reduces the construction time for protecting the cable joint 10 from two hours to within five minutes. Furthermore, by using a waterproof inner layer 100 to block moisture intrusion, a fireproof middle layer 200 to delay the spread of fire, and a protective outer layer 300 to resist external mechanical damage, it can quickly construct and improve the protection capability of the cable joint 10 while maintaining the shape adaptability of the cable joint 10.

[0043] In the embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the waterproof inner layer 100 is A, where 0.5mm≤A≤1mm.

[0044] It should be noted that the waterproof inner layer 100 refers to the sealing layer formed by the curing of liquid material covering the surface of the cable joint 10. Specifically, it can be achieved by spraying liquid polyurethane or silicone rubber solution. This layer forms a seamless structure by continuously covering the surface of the cable joint 10. The thickness A refers to the vertical cross-sectional dimension of the cured waterproof layer, which can be achieved by controlling the pressure parameters and moving speed of the spraying equipment. This parameter range can balance waterproof performance and construction efficiency; too thin a layer will result in insufficient sealing, while too thick a layer will prolong curing time and increase material costs.

[0045] More specifically, after the cable joint 10 is pre-treated, the spraying fixture 400 moves at a uniform speed along the circumference of the cable, and the pressure of the liquid supply equipment is adjusted to ensure that the coating evenly covers the surface of the joint. After curing, the waterproof layer forms a continuous wrapping structure, and its thickness is controlled within a specific range, which can effectively block water penetration and avoid stress concentration caused by material accumulation. The spraying process adopts a layered superposition method, and the thickness of each layer is automatically calibrated by the equipment parameters, and finally superimposed to form an overall thickness that meets the requirements.

[0046] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment solves the problem of sealing failure caused by the uncontrollable thickness of the traditional waterproof sheath, shortens the construction cycle while ensuring waterproof performance, and avoids the risk of interface cracking or leakage caused by thickness deviation.

[0047] In embodiments of this utility model, the waterproof inner layer 100 is a liquid polyurethane component or a silicone rubber solution component.

[0048] It should be noted that the liquid polyurethane component refers to a waterproof layer formed by spraying and curing liquid polyurethane coating. Specifically, it can be achieved using a two-component reactive polyurethane material. After curing, this material forms a dense elastomer structure that effectively fills microscopic gaps on the surface of the cable joint 10. The silicone rubber solution component refers to a sealing layer formed by spraying and vulcanizing liquid silicone rubber. Specifically, it can be achieved using room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber material. This material naturally cross-links in air to form a flexible film layer that can adapt to the deformation and displacement of the cable joint 10. Both materials have low viscosity characteristics, facilitating uniform coverage of irregularly shaped surfaces using a spraying fixture 400, thus solving the problem of incomplete sealing caused by the fixed shape of traditional prefabricated sheaths.

[0049] More specifically, after the liquid polyurethane or silicone rubber solution is sprayed onto the surface of the cable joint 10, it undergoes rapid curing under ultraviolet light. The spraying fixture 400 uses a rotary spraying method to ensure the material adheres evenly to the joint surface, forming a continuous, seamless waterproof layer. Because the material is initially in a liquid state, it can perfectly conform to the irregular contours of the joint, avoiding gaps caused by dimensional deviations in the prefabricated sheath. The cured polyurethane or silicone rubber layer exhibits a gradient change in elastic modulus, which disperses external forces through deformation when subjected to mechanical stress, preventing the sheath from cracking.

[0050] Compared to existing technologies, traditional heat shrink tubing relies on heating to shrink and bond, but its ability to completely wrap irregularly shaped joints is limited by the material's crystallinity. Liquid sprayed materials, however, can adaptively fill uneven surfaces. Unlike injection-molded tubing which requires specialized molds, this solution achieves direct molding through spraying, eliminating the mold-making process and making it particularly suitable for on-site repair work. In contrast to the insufficient elastic recoil force of cold shrink tubing, the liquid material, after curing, forms chemical bonds with the substrate, increasing interfacial adhesion strength by approximately 40%.

[0051] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment achieves seamless coverage of the waterproof layer on the cable joint 10, eliminating seepage paths caused by mismatched sheath shapes. The self-leveling properties of the liquid material ensure uniform coating thickness, avoiding weak points in waterproofing caused by localized thinness. The spray coating method reduces construction time to 30% of traditional injection molding processes and eliminates the need for heavy-duty injection molding equipment, making it particularly suitable for field power emergency repair scenarios.

[0052] In an embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the fireproof intermediate layer 200 is B, where 1mm ≤ B ≤ 2mm.

[0053] It should be noted that the fire-retardant intermediate layer 200 refers to the flame-retardant structural layer covering the outside of the waterproof inner layer 100. This can be achieved using an intumescent flame-retardant coating, which expands at high temperatures to form a dense carbonized layer, isolating oxygen and slowing heat transfer. Thickness B refers to the vertical dimension of the fire-retardant intermediate layer 200 after curing. This can be controlled by adjusting the number of spray coats or the coating flow rate. This range ensures flame-retardant performance while avoiding excessive thickness that could reduce the flexibility of the sheath or prolong construction time.

[0054] Specifically, the fire-resistant intermediate layer 200 is evenly applied to the surface of the waterproof inner layer 100 using a spraying device, forming a continuous and dense flame-retardant barrier after UV curing. Setting the thickness range to 1mm to 2mm balances flame-retardant efficiency and material consumption within a limited space, meeting the fire resistance requirements of the cable connector 10 while avoiding increased overall rigidity of the sheath due to excessive thickness, which could affect installation adaptability. During the spraying process, the thickness of each spray coat can be precisely controlled by adjusting the equipment pressure and moving speed. For example, using a pressure of 0.3MPa and a uniform spraying speed of 20cm / s, a single wet film thickness of approximately 0.5mm can be achieved, with the target thickness reached after two coats.

[0055] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can effectively prevent the flame from spreading along the cable joint 10, maintain fire resistance integrity for at least 30 minutes in an open flame environment, and keep the overall thickness of the sheath within 5mm to meet the installation requirements of confined spaces, thus solving the contradiction between the insufficient fire resistance performance and the bulky structure of traditional sheaths.

[0056] In an embodiment of this utility model, the fireproof middle layer 200 is an intumescent flame-retardant coating component.

[0057] It should be noted that intumescent flame-retardant coatings refer to flame-retardant materials that expand upon heating to form a porous char layer. Specifically, they can be achieved using a three-component system containing an acid source, a carbon source, and a gas source, such as a composite system of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine. At high temperatures, this material generates an inert gas through a chemical reaction and forms a dense char layer, isolating oxygen and heat transfer.

[0058] More specifically, the fire-resistant intermediate layer 200 is formed by spraying an intumescent flame-retardant coating to create a continuous covering layer. When the cable joint 10 is exposed to high temperatures or open flames, the coating rapidly expands upon heating to form a honeycomb-like carbonized layer, effectively delaying heat transfer to the waterproof inner layer 100 while simultaneously blocking oxygen from contacting the internal structure. During the spraying process, the coating is evenly applied to the surface of the waterproof inner layer 100 using a tooling system. After curing, it forms an intermediate structural layer with active fire-retardant function, creating a mechanical complementarity with the inner and outer layers.

[0059] Compared to existing technologies, traditional protective sleeves mostly use ordinary flame-retardant rubber or plastic layers, relying solely on the material's inherent flame-retardant properties for passive protection, and cannot quickly form a physical barrier in the early stages of a fire. Intumescent flame-retardant coatings, through an active expansion mechanism, significantly improve the fire resistance limit at the same thickness, without requiring additional protective structures, and are suitable for rapid on-site molding processes.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment solves the problem of insufficient fire resistance of traditional cable sheaths, forming an active protective barrier in the event of a sudden fire, effectively delaying the spread of fire and protecting the internal cable structure. The fire-resistant middle layer 200 works synergistically with the waterproof inner layer 100 and the protective outer layer 300 to meet the requirements of power facilities for composite protection performance, while maintaining ease of construction and lightweight structure.

[0061] In an embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the protective outer layer 300 is C, where 2mm ≤ C ≤ 3mm.

[0062] It should be noted that the outer protective layer 300 refers to the protective structure covering the outside of the fireproof middle layer 200, which can be made of UV epoxy resin. Its function is to provide external physical protection for the cable joint 10 through mechanical strength and weather resistance. The thickness C refers to the average dimension of the outer protective layer 300 perpendicular to the cable extension direction. This can be controlled through a layered spraying process, for example, by using a spraying fixture 400 to move at a uniform speed to form a uniform coating. This thickness range can balance protective strength and construction efficiency.

[0063] More specifically, during construction, the outer protective layer 300 is applied by rotating a spraying fixture 400 around the outer edge of the cable connector 10, uniformly covering the surface of the fireproof intermediate layer 200 with UV epoxy resin coating. During spraying, the coating thickness is maintained between 2mm and 3mm by adjusting the pressure and speed of the spraying equipment. This thickness range ensures sufficient impact and abrasion resistance for the outer layer while avoiding prolonged curing time or material waste due to excessive thickness. The outer protective layer 300 and the inner layer structure form a composite protective system, which is rapidly cured by ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0064] Compared to existing technologies, traditional injection-molded protective sleeves typically have an outer layer thickness exceeding 3mm, resulting in material curing times of several hours. Furthermore, prefabricated sleeves, due to their fixed thickness, cannot adapt to different protection requirements. This solution, by limiting the outer protective layer thickness to 300mm, reduces UV curing time to less than 20 seconds while ensuring mechanical protection performance, and simultaneously avoids the risk of protective failure due to insufficient thickness.

[0065] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment enables the rapid molding of the protective outer layer 300 in complex construction environments, effectively resisting external mechanical damage and ultraviolet corrosion. This thickness range makes the sheath less prone to cracking under external impact, while maintaining a tight fit between the coating and the inner structure, thus solving the problem of unstable protective performance caused by inappropriate thickness in traditional sheaths.

[0066] In an embodiment of this utility model, the protective outer layer 300 is made of UV epoxy resin.

[0067] It should be noted that UV epoxy resin refers to epoxy resin materials that are cured by ultraviolet light. Specifically, it can be achieved by adding a photoinitiator to an epoxy resin prepolymer, which rapidly crosslinks and cures under ultraviolet light to form a dense structure. This material uses a photoinitiator to absorb specific wavelengths of ultraviolet light to trigger a polymerization reaction, eliminating the need for high temperatures or long periods of natural curing, thereby shortening the construction cycle and improving the density of the protective layer.

[0068] More specifically, the protective outer layer 300 is rapidly cured by spraying a UV epoxy resin coating followed by UV irradiation. Since the curing reaction of UV epoxy resin requires only a short period of light exposure, there is no need to wait for the material to dry naturally or undergo high-temperature heating during construction, thus significantly shortening the sheath's molding time. Simultaneously, the cured UV epoxy resin forms a continuous and dense protective layer, effectively resisting external mechanical impacts and environmental influences, such as rainwater erosion or UV aging.

[0069] Compared to existing technologies, traditional injection-molded sheaths rely on the natural curing of materials such as polyurethane, which typically takes more than two hours to complete. In contrast, UV epoxy resin cures in just tens of seconds after being irradiated with ultraviolet light, significantly improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, existing sheath materials have limited functions, such as providing only waterproofing or mechanical protection, while UV epoxy resin, while capable of rapid molding, also possesses high hardness, weather resistance, and impact resistance, integrating multiple protective functions.

[0070] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment achieves efficient molding and multifunctional integration of the protective outer layer 300. The rapid curing characteristics of UV epoxy resin solve the problem of long construction cycle of traditional sheaths, while its dense structure makes up for the deficiency of single protective performance in the prior art, forming a protective layer with both mechanical strength and environmental resistance on the outside of the cable joint 10.

[0071] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 And see Figure 4 In an embodiment of this utility model, the spraying fixture 400 includes a spraying plate 410, a connecting plate 420, and two mounting structures 430. The two mounting structures 430 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the cable connector 10. The two mounting structures 430 respectively form a first mounting end 401 and a second mounting end 402. The spraying plate 410 is connected between the two mounting structures 430. A flow channel 421 is provided in the spraying plate 410. A plurality of spraying holes 422 communicating with the flow channel 421 are opened on the side of the spraying plate 410 facing the cable connector 10. The plurality of spraying holes 422 are arrayed to form a spraying end 403. The flow channel 421 is connected to an external liquid supply device through a liquid supply pipe 440. The connecting plate 420 is installed between the two mounting structures 430, and the connecting plate 420 and the spraying plate 410 are spaced apart along the circumference of the cable connector 10.

[0072] It should be noted that the spray plate 410 refers to a structural component with internal flow channels 421 and spray holes 422. It can be made of aluminum alloy or engineering plastic. The internal flow channels 421 ensure uniform paint delivery, while the array of spray holes 422 enables multi-point uniform paint spraying. The connecting plate 420 refers to a support component spaced apart from the spray plate 410. It can be made of stainless steel or carbon fiber composite material and is used to enhance the overall structural rigidity of the tooling and balance the forces acting on the spray plate 410 during operation. The mounting structure 430 refers to an assembly that can be detachably fixed to the cable. It can be a split-type snap-fit ​​structure, using flexible material to contact the cable surface for quick installation and circumferential rotation.

[0073] More specifically, after the two mounting structures 430 are respectively fitted onto both ends of the cable, they form a ring frame structure with the spraying plate 410 via the connecting plate 420. When the external liquid supply equipment injects the paint into the flow channel 421, the paint is atomized and sprayed through multiple arrayed spray holes 422, covering the outer surface of the cable connector 10. Under external force, the mounting structure 430 drives the spraying plate 410 to rotate around the cable circumference, so that the paint is evenly covered to form a continuous protective layer. The spaced arrangement of the connecting plate 420 and the spraying plate 410 forms a working space, avoiding structural interference and ensuring the integrity of the spraying trajectory. The contact design between the flexible mounting piece 431 and the cable surface can adapt to the installation requirements of cables of different diameters, and the split snap-fit ​​structure facilitates quick assembly and disassembly.

[0074] Compared to existing technologies, traditional prefabricated heat shrink tubing relies on the shrinkage and covering of tubing with a fixed shape, making it unsuitable for irregularly shaped joints. This solution, however, utilizes an adjustable installation structure 430 in conjunction with a circumferentially rotating spray plate 410 to dynamically adjust the spraying path according to the actual shape of the joint, achieving three-dimensional coverage of irregularly shaped joints. Compared to the limitations of injection-molded sheaths requiring specialized molds, the spraying fixture 400, through its modular structure, only requires adjusting the installation spacing to accommodate joints of different lengths, significantly improving construction flexibility. Furthermore, existing cold-shrink rubber tubing lacks the ability to simultaneously form layered structures; this solution, through sequential spraying of multiple layers of coating and UV curing, allows for the integrated construction of a composite protective structure in a single application.

[0075] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment solves the problem of incomplete coverage of irregular joints caused by poor shape adaptability of traditional sheaths, achieving seamless coverage through circumferential rotation spraying. The combined design of the mounting structure 430 and the connecting plate 420 simplifies the tooling assembly process and avoids the need for handling bulky equipment required for injection molding. The combination of the spray hole array 422 and the flow channel 421 significantly improves paint utilization efficiency and reduces material waste compared to traditional manual coating. The rigid support of the connecting plate 420 effectively suppresses structural vibration during spraying operations, ensuring the uniformity of coating thickness, thereby improving the stability of waterproof, fireproof, and mechanical protection performance.

[0076] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 And see Figure 3In an embodiment of this utility model, the mounting structure 430 includes a flexible mounting piece 431, a flexible gasket 432, a bolt 433, and a connecting piece 434. The flexible gasket 432 abuts against the first cable 20 or the second cable 30. The flexible mounting piece 431 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the flexible gasket 432. The connecting piece 434 is connected to the side of the flexible mounting piece 431 away from the flexible gasket 432. The connecting piece 434 is provided with a slot 404, and the end of the connecting plate 420 is engaged with the slot 404. The two ends of the flexible mounting piece 431 along the circumference of the cable connector 10 are respectively provided with a first connecting protrusion 435 and a second connecting protrusion 436. The first connecting protrusion 435 and the second connecting protrusion 436 are detachably connected by the bolt 433.

[0077] It should be understood that the flexible mounting plate 431 is used to rotate relative to the flexible pad 432 under the action of external force, so as to drive the spray plate 410 to rotate around the outer edge of the cable joint 10. The spraying end 403 is used to spray paint onto the cable joint 10 to form a waterproof inner layer 100, a fireproof middle layer 200 and a protective outer layer 300 on the outside of the cable joint 10.

[0078] It should be noted that the flexible mounting piece 431 refers to an annular sleeve component with elastic deformation capability, specifically made of nitrile rubber or fluororubber. Its inner diameter can elastically deform under external force to adapt to different cable outer diameters. The flexible gasket 432 refers to a buffer layer set between the mounting piece and the cable, specifically made of silicone or polyurethane foam material, used to compensate for cable surface unevenness and enhance sealing. The connecting piece 434 refers to a transition component used to connect the mounting structure 430 and the spraying tool 400, specifically made of aluminum alloy stamping or engineering plastic injection molding, and its slot 404 structure facilitates quick assembly and positioning. The first connecting protrusion 435 and the second connecting protrusion 436 refer to a mechanical interlocking structure set at the end of the mounting piece, specifically made of a metal insert with threaded holes co-molded with a rubber substrate, and circumferentially closed by bolt 433 fastening.

[0079] More specifically, after the flexible gasket 432 is pressed against the cable surface, the flexible mounting piece 431 wraps around the outside of the gasket through a rotating sleeve action. At this time, the slot 404 of the connecting piece 434 and the connecting plate 420 of the spraying fixture 400 form an insertion fit. When the first connecting protrusion 435 and the second connecting protrusion 436 at both ends of the mounting piece are locked by the bolt 433, a closed annular fixing structure is formed. When there is a difference in cable diameter, the flexible mounting piece 431 can produce radial elastic deformation, and the flexible gasket 432 fills the gap between the cable and the mounting piece. The snap-fit ​​structure between the connecting piece 434 and the connecting plate 420 allows the entire fixture to rotate around the cable axis while maintaining the relative position stability of the spraying plate 410 and the cable connector 10.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, the flexible gasket 432 can be designed as a split structure, for example, divided into three arc-shaped gaskets distributed at 120 degrees along the axial direction. Anti-disengagement latches can be provided in the slots 404 of the connecting piece 434, for example, a one-way anti-retraction mechanism made of spring steel. The mating surfaces of the first connecting protrusion 435 and the second connecting protrusion 436 can be machined into serrated interlocking surfaces to enhance the torsional resistance of the bolt 433 after tightening.

[0081] Compared to existing technologies, traditional installation structures 430 often use rigid metal clamps or injection-molded fixing rings, which cannot accommodate cable diameter deviations and require specialized installation tools. This solution, through the combination design of flexible mounting plates 431 and gaskets, achieves adaptive wrapping for cables of different specifications. The bolt connection method 433 allows the installation process to be completed without specialized equipment. The snap-fit ​​structure between the connecting plate 434 and the connecting plate 420 replaces the traditional welding or adhesive fixing methods, improving the efficiency of tooling assembly and disassembly and making it reusable.

[0082] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment solves the problem of difficult installation of the irregular cable connector 10 tooling, achieving a tight fit between the installation structure 430 and the cable surface, effectively preventing paint leakage during spraying. The detachable connection method allows the tooling to be quickly assembled and disassembled and reused in different construction scenarios, reducing equipment investment costs. The application of the flexible structure avoids mechanical damage to the cable insulation layer during installation, ensuring construction safety.

[0083] Please continue reading. Figure 2 In an embodiment of this utility model, an LED light panel 450 is installed on the side of the connecting plate 420 facing the cable connector 10.

[0084] It should be noted that the LED light panel 450 refers to the light-emitting diode array integrated on the surface of the connecting plate 420, which can be implemented using surface-mount LED modules, and its wavelength range can be adapted to the requirements of ultraviolet curing. This light panel provides uniform illumination to the protective outer layer 300 during the rotation of the spraying fixture 400, solving the problems of traditional UV lamps requiring additional equipment for positioning and having limited irradiation angles.

[0085] More specifically, the LED light panel 450 and the connecting plate 420 are embedded in the mounting, and the surface of the light panel is covered with a transparent protective layer to avoid paint contamination. When the spraying fixture 400 rotates around the cable connector 10, the LED light panel 450 rotates synchronously with the connecting plate 420, so that ultraviolet rays uniformly cover the surface of the protective outer layer 300 in a circular trajectory. The power supply line of the light panel is connected to the external power supply through the internal channel of the connecting plate 420 to avoid wire tangling. After the protective outer layer 300 is sprayed, the light panel is immediately activated to irradiate, using ultraviolet rays to initiate a resin cross-linking reaction and achieve rapid curing.

[0086] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods require separate UV lamps and adjustments to their irradiation positions, which not only increases equipment handling time but also easily leads to poor local curing due to uneven irradiation. This solution, however, integrates the LED lamp panel 450 directly onto the spraying fixture 400, achieving irradiation without blind spots through fixture rotation, thus improving curing efficiency while reducing the number of equipment required.

[0087] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can start the curing process immediately after spraying the protective outer layer 300, eliminating the time loss of waiting for the external UV lamp to be positioned in the traditional process. The LED lamp board 450 rotates in coordination with the tooling to ensure that the light intensity at all angles is consistent, avoiding cracking or peeling of the protective layer due to insufficient local curing, thereby improving the overall structural stability of the sheath.

[0088] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present utility model and the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath for use in cable joints, wherein the cable joint is connected at both ends along its extension direction to a first cable and a second cable, respectively, characterized in that, The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath includes: A waterproof inner layer that covers the cable connector; A fire-resistant middle layer, which covers the waterproof inner layer; A protective outer layer, which covers the fireproof middle layer; A spraying fixture has a first mounting end and a second mounting end extending along the cable joint. The first mounting end and the second mounting end are detachably sleeved on the first cable and the second cable, respectively. The spraying end of the spraying fixture is positioned between the first mounting end and the second mounting end, corresponding to the position of the cable joint. The first mounting end and the second mounting end are used to drive the spraying end to rotate around the outer edge of the cable joint under the action of external force. The spraying end is used to spray paint onto the cable joint to form the waterproof inner layer, the fireproof middle layer and the protective outer layer on the outside of the cable joint.

2. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the waterproof inner layer is A, where 0.5mm ≤ A ≤ 1mm.

3. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof inner layer is made of liquid polyurethane or silicone rubber solution.

4. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the fireproof intermediate layer is B, where 1mm ≤ B ≤ 2mm.

5. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fireproof middle layer is made of an intumescent flame-retardant coating.

6. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the protective outer layer is C, where 2mm ≤ C ≤ 3mm.

7. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protective outer layer is made of UV-cured epoxy resin.

8. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The spraying fixture includes a spraying plate, a connecting plate, and two mounting structures. The two mounting structures are spaced apart along the extension direction of the cable connector, and respectively form the first mounting end and the second mounting end. The spraying plate is connected between the two mounting structures. The spraying plate has a flow channel, and the spraying plate has multiple spray holes communicating with the flow channel on the side facing the cable connector. The array of multiple spray holes forms the spraying end. The flow channel is connected to an external liquid supply device through a liquid supply pipe. The connecting plate is installed between the two mounting structures, and the connecting plate and the spraying plate are spaced apart along the circumference of the cable connector.

9. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The mounting structure includes a flexible mounting plate, a flexible gasket, bolts, and a connecting plate. The flexible gasket abuts against the first cable or the second cable. The flexible mounting plate is rotatably fitted over the flexible gasket. The connecting plate is connected to the side of the flexible mounting plate opposite to the flexible gasket. The connecting plate is provided with a slot, and the end of the connecting plate is engaged with the slot. The flexible mounting plate has a first connecting protrusion and a second connecting protrusion at its two ends along the circumference of the cable connector. The first connecting protrusion and the second connecting protrusion are detachably connected by the bolts.

10. The field-formed multilayer composite cable sheath as described in claim 8, characterized in that, An LED light panel is installed on the side of the connecting plate facing the cable connector.

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