Hydraulic reamer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydraulic reamer, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling tools. The reamer comprises a barrel, a mandrel, an elastic push-type broach assembly and a hydraulic push-type broach mechanism, a plurality of cutter grooves are formed in the middle of the barrel, cutter wings are slidably connected into the cutter grooves, the mandrel is sleeved with the elastic push-type broach assembly, the lower end face of the elastic push-type broach assembly abuts against the upper end faces of the cutter wings, and the hydraulic push-type broach mechanism is connected with the elastic push-type broach assembly. The upper end face of the hydraulic cutter pushing mechanism abuts against the lower end face of the cutter wing, and the lower end of the hydraulic cutter pushing mechanism is connected with the lower connector; the cutter wing comprises a cutter body, and a central flow channel is formed in the side, away from the mandrel, of the cutter body in the longitudinal direction. According to the hydraulic reamer, the central flow channel is formed in the side, away from the mandrel, of the blade of the hydraulic reamer in the longitudinal direction, the central flow channel provides a circulation channel for rock debris, the rock carrying capacity of drilling fluid is improved, meanwhile, the overflowing flow of the drilling fluid is increased through the central flow channel, cutting teeth on a cutter body can be fully cooled, and the service life of the blade can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a hydraulic eye expander, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas drilling tools. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic reamers used while drilling are widely employed in the drilling industry. They can perform conventional drilling and, depending on drilling process requirements or unexpected complex downhole accidents, can be activated at any time for reaming operations. Existing reamers can be structurally divided into two types: integral and variable diameter. Integral reamers are simple in structure and low in cost, but they become unusable after a period of use due to wear of the working outer diameter, resulting in significant waste as they cannot be reused. The main drawback of integral reamers is that in the event of a downhole accident, the reamer connection point is particularly prone to stuck pipe, and the borehole diameter in the upper passage section cannot be smaller than the reamer, otherwise it cannot be lowered. Variable diameter reamers, on the other hand, allow for control of the opening and retraction of the cutter wings during tripping and drilling, effectively solving the problem of the inability to replace worn cutter wings and significantly reducing the risk of stuck pipe.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document CN115506717A discloses an improved method and structure for a hydraulic expander. This structure includes an expander housing and a lower connector and an upper connector threaded to both ends of the expander housing. A diverter valve sleeve and a central tube are installed inside the expander housing. The upper end of the central tube is threaded to the upper connector, and its lower end is inserted into the inner hole of the upper end of the diverter valve sleeve and sealed to it. A locking mechanism is installed inside the upper connector, located above the central tube. A locking pin is threaded onto the upper connector to limit the locking mechanism. The diverter valve sleeve has a stepped tubular structure, with a lower step and a middle step on its outer wall. This invention has a simple structure, fewer working mechanisms and parts, reliable operation, convenient replacement of vulnerable parts, and simple and quick adjustment of the expander's working diameter.

[0004] However, the drilling fluid's ability to carry rock and its cooling effect on the cutting teeth on the cutter blades need further improvement when the hydraulic reamer is used for reaming operations. Utility Model Content

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a hydraulic eye expander.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A hydraulic eye expander includes a cylinder, a spindle, an elastic pusher assembly, and a hydraulic pusher mechanism. The upper end of the cylinder is provided with an upper connector, and the lower end is provided with a lower connector. Several knife grooves are opened in the middle of the cylinder, and a knife wing is slidably connected in each of the several knife grooves. The spindle is located inside the cylinder. The elastic pusher assembly is mounted on the spindle, and the lower end face of the elastic pusher assembly abuts against the upper end face of the knife wing. The hydraulic pusher mechanism is mounted on the spindle, and its upper end face abuts against the lower end face of the knife wing. Its lower end is connected to the lower connector.

[0008] The blade includes a blade body, on which a central flow channel is longitudinally formed on the side away from the spindle.

[0009] The cutter body has upper cutting teeth, diameter-maintaining teeth, and lower cutting teeth arranged sequentially from top to bottom on both sides of the central flow channel.

[0010] The lower end of the upper connector extends into the cylinder and is threadedly connected to the cylinder. A flow guide seat is provided inside the cylinder between the upper connector and the mandrel.

[0011] The elastic pusher assembly includes a connecting seat, a spring sleeve, a return spring, and an upper stop block. The connecting seat is threaded onto the outer wall of the spindle. The spring sleeve is fitted onto the spindle and located below the connecting seat. The upper part of the upper stop block is fitted onto the spring sleeve. The lower end of the upper stop block is connected to several upper limit blocks by screws A. The several upper limit blocks are slidably connected to several cutter grooves. The return spring is fitted onto the spindle and located in the cavity surrounded by the spindle, spring sleeve, upper stop block, and upper limit blocks. The upper end of the return spring abuts against the stepped surface inside the spring sleeve, and the other end extends out of the spring sleeve to push the upper limit block against the upper surface of the cutter wing.

[0012] Multiple sliding grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the blade groove, and multiple sliding rails are symmetrically provided on both sides of the blade body, with the sliding rails and sliding grooves corresponding to each other and slidingly connected.

[0013] The slide rail is inclined upwards from the inside to the outside relative to the cylinder.

[0014] The hydraulic pusher mechanism includes a piston cylinder, a flow distribution joint, and a ball seat. The piston cylinder and the flow distribution joint are sequentially mounted on the spindle from top to bottom. A lower stop block is mounted on the outer circle of the upper end of the piston cylinder. Several lower limit blocks are connected to the lower stop block by screws B. The several lower limit blocks are slidably connected to several cutter grooves one by one, and the lower limit blocks abut against the lower end face of the cutter blade. A nozzle is provided on the cylinder at a position corresponding to the lower part of the piston cylinder. The lower end of the flow distribution joint is connected to the upper end of the lower connector. Several flow diversion holes are provided radially in the middle part, and flow distribution holes are provided at the lower part. Several oblique holes are provided on the lower side of the flow distribution joint at the upper end of the lower connector. The ball seat is located inside the flow distribution joint and is connected to the flow distribution joint by shear pins, and the ball seat seals the flow diversion holes.

[0015] The ball seat also contains a steel ball.

[0016] The upper end of the lower connector is inserted into the cylinder and threadedly connected to the lower end of the distribution connector, and the middle part of the lower connector is threadedly connected to the lower end of the cylinder.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: a central flow channel is longitudinally provided on the side of the hydraulic reamer blade away from the mandrel. The central flow channel provides a flow channel for rock cuttings, which improves the rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid. At the same time, the central flow channel increases the flow rate of the drilling fluid, which can fully cool the cutting teeth on the cutter body and help extend the service life of the blade. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the area at point I;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blade of this utility model.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Upper connector, 2-Cylinder body, 3-Flow guide seat, 4-Connecting seat, 5-Mandrel, 6-Spring cylinder, 7-Reset spring, 8-Upper stop block, 9-Upper limit block, 10-Cut wing, 100-Cut body, 101-Central flow channel, 102-Upper cutting tooth, 103-Size-maintaining tooth, 104-Lower cutting tooth, 105-Slide rail, 11-Lower limit block, 12-Lower stop block, 13-Nozzle, 14-Piston cylinder, 15-Flow distribution connector, 150-Flow distribution hole, 16-Lower connector, 160-Angled hole, 21-Screw A, 22-Screw B, 23-Upper cavity, 24-Lower cavity, 30-Shear pin, 31-Steel ball, 32-Ball seat. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of this utility model is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the hydraulic eye expander of this utility model includes a cylinder 2, a spindle 5, an elastic pusher assembly, and a hydraulic pusher mechanism. The upper end of the cylinder 2 is provided with an upper connector 1, and the lower end is provided with a lower connector 16. Multiple knife grooves are opened in the middle of the cylinder 2, and blade wings 10 are slidably connected in each of the multiple knife grooves. The spindle 5 is located inside the cylinder 2. The elastic pusher assembly is fitted on the spindle 5, and the lower end face of the elastic pusher assembly abuts against the upper end face of the blade wings 10. The hydraulic pusher mechanism is fitted on the spindle 5, and its upper end face abuts against the lower end face of the blade wings 10. Its lower end is connected to the lower connector 16.

[0024] The cutter wing 10 includes a cutter body 100, on which a central flow channel 101 is longitudinally formed on the side away from the mandrel 5. The central flow channel 101 on the side of the hydraulic reamer's cutter wing 10 away from the mandrel 5 provides a flow path for cuttings, improving the drilling fluid's cuttings carrying capacity. Simultaneously, the central flow channel 101 increases the drilling fluid flow rate, effectively cooling the cutting teeth on the cutter body 100, thus helping to extend the service life of the cutter wing 10.

[0025] The cutter body 100 has upper cutting teeth 102, diameter-maintaining teeth 103, and lower cutting teeth 104 arranged sequentially from top to bottom on both sides of the central flow channel 101. With the upper cutting teeth 102 and lower cutting teeth 104 installed on the cutter body 100, and multiple diameter-maintaining teeth 103 installed in the middle of the cutter body 100, both the cutting performance of the blade 10 and its impact resistance are taken into account.

[0026] The lower end of the upper connector 1 extends into the cylinder 2 and is threadedly connected to the cylinder 2. A guide seat 3 is provided inside the cylinder 2 between the upper connector 1 and the spindle 5.

[0027] The elastic pusher assembly includes a connecting seat 4, a spring cylinder 6, a return spring 7, and an upper stop block 8. The connecting seat 4 is threaded onto the outer wall of the spindle 5. The spring cylinder 6 is fitted onto the spindle 5 and located below the connecting seat 4. The upper part of the upper stop block 8 is fitted onto the spring cylinder 6. The lower end of the upper stop block 8 is connected to multiple upper limit blocks 9 by screws A21. The multiple upper limit blocks 9 are slidably connected to several cutter grooves. The return spring 7 is fitted onto the spindle 5 and located in the cavity surrounded by the spindle 5, spring cylinder 6, upper stop block 8, and upper limit blocks 9. The upper end of the return spring 7 abuts against the stepped surface inside the spring cylinder 6, and the other end extends out of the spring cylinder 6, pushing the upper limit block 9 against the upper end surface of the cutter wing 10. The upper end of the spring cylinder 6 is axially limited by the connecting seat 4.

[0028] Multiple sliding grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the blade groove, and multiple sliding rails 105 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the blade body 100, with each sliding rail 105 corresponding to a sliding groove and slidably connected.

[0029] The slide rail 105 is inclined upwards from the inside to the outside relative to the cylinder 2. This increases the mating surface between the slide rail 105 and the slide groove, making the cutting and retraction process of the blade 10 smoother and the force more stable and reliable.

[0030] The hydraulic pusher mechanism includes a piston cylinder 14, a flow distribution connector 15, and a ball seat 32. The piston cylinder 14 and the flow distribution connector 15 are sequentially mounted on the spindle 5 from top to bottom. A lower stop block 12 is mounted on the outer circle of the upper end of the piston cylinder 14. Multiple lower limit blocks 11 are connected to the lower stop block 12 by screws B22. The multiple lower limit blocks 11 are slidably connected to multiple cutter grooves one by one, and the lower limit blocks 11 abut against the lower end face of the cutter wing 10. A nozzle 13 is provided on the cylinder 2 at a position corresponding to the lower part of the piston cylinder 14. The lower end of the flow distribution connector 15 is connected to the upper end of the lower connector 16. Multiple flow diversion holes (not shown in the figure) are provided radially in the middle part, and flow distribution holes 150 are provided at the lower part. The upper end of the lower connector 16 has several oblique holes 160 on the lower side of the flow distribution connector 15. The ball seat 32 is located inside the flow distribution connector 15 and is connected to the flow distribution connector 15 by shear pins 30. The ball seat 32 seals the flow diversion holes. like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, nozzle 13 and flow divider orifice are both connected to upper chamber 23, and flow distribution orifice 150 is connected to the inner hole of flow distribution connector 15 and lower chamber 24.

[0031] The ball seat 32 is also provided with a steel ball 31.

[0032] The upper end of the lower connector 16 is inserted into the cylinder 2 and threadedly connected to the lower end of the distribution connector 15, and the middle part of the lower connector 16 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the cylinder 2.

[0033] The hydraulic eye expander described in this utility model has the following working principle or usage process:

[0034] When reaming is required, steel balls 31 are inserted into the reamer. The steel balls 31 block the mud channel in the ball seat 32, causing a sudden increase in mud pressure at the ball seat 32. Driven by the mud pressure, the ball seat 32 descends and shears the shear pins 30. At this time, the mud in the distribution joint 15 is divided into two paths. One path enters the upper chamber 23 through the diversion hole and then flows to the outside after being throttled and pressurized by the nozzle 13 to cool the cutter blade 10. At the same time, the pressure of this mud path pushes the piston cylinder 14 upward, overcoming the spring force of the return spring 7 and pushing the cutter blade 10 outward, so as to realize the reaming function while drilling through the upper cutting teeth 102, the gauge protection teeth 103 and the lower cutting teeth 104 on the cutter blade 10. The other path of mud flows into the lower chamber 24 through the distribution joint 15 and then into the lower joint 16 through the inclined hole 160 to participate in the normal cutting operation of the drill bit at the lower end of the reamer. After the eye-expanding operation is completed, the pump pressure is reduced, and the return spring 7 overcomes the thrust of the piston cylinder 14 and retracts into the cylinder 2 through the upper limit block 9 and the pusher blade 10.

Claims

1. A hydraulic eye expander, characterized in that: The device includes a cylinder (2), a spindle (5), an elastic pusher assembly, and a hydraulic pusher mechanism. The upper end of the cylinder (2) is provided with an upper connector (1), and the lower end is provided with a lower connector (16). Several knife slots are opened in the middle of the cylinder (2), and a knife wing (10) is slidably connected in each of the knife slots. The spindle (5) is located inside the cylinder (2). The elastic pusher assembly is mounted on the spindle (5), and the lower end face of the elastic pusher assembly abuts against the upper end face of the knife wing (10). The hydraulic pusher mechanism is mounted on the spindle (5), and its upper end face abuts against the lower end face of the knife wing (10). Its lower end is connected to the lower connector (16). The blade (10) includes a blade body (100), and a central flow channel (101) is longitudinally provided on the side of the blade body (100) away from the spindle (5). The elastic pusher assembly includes a connecting seat (4), a spring cylinder (6), a return spring (7), and an upper stop block (8). The connecting seat (4) is threaded onto the outer wall of the spindle (5). The spring cylinder (6) is fitted onto the spindle (5) and located on the lower side of the connecting seat (4). The upper part of the upper stop block (8) is fitted onto the spring cylinder (6). The lower end of the upper stop block (8) is connected to several upper limit blocks (9) by screws A (21). The several upper limit blocks (9) are slidably connected to several blade grooves. The return spring (7) is fitted onto the spindle (5) and located in the cavity surrounded by the spindle (5), the spring cylinder (6), the upper stop block (8), and the upper limit blocks (9). The upper end of the return spring (7) abuts against the stepped surface inside the spring cylinder (6), and the other end extends out of the spring cylinder (6) to push the upper limit block (9) against the upper end surface of the blade wing (10). The hydraulic pusher mechanism includes a piston cylinder (14), a flow distribution connector (15), and a ball seat (32). The piston cylinder (14) and the flow distribution connector (15) are sequentially mounted on the spindle (5) from top to bottom. A lower stop block (12) is mounted on the outer circle of the upper end of the piston cylinder (14). Several lower limit blocks (11) are connected to the lower stop block (12) by screws B (22). The several lower limit blocks (11) are slidably connected to several cutter grooves one by one, and the lower limit blocks (11) abut against the lower end face of the cutter wing (10). The cylinder (2) has a nozzle (13) at a position corresponding to the lower part of the piston cylinder (14). The lower end of the distribution connector (15) is connected to the upper end of the lower connector (16). Several diversion holes are provided in the middle radially. A distribution hole (150) is provided at the lower part. Several oblique holes (160) are provided on the lower side of the distribution connector (15) at the upper end of the lower connector (16). A ball seat (32) is provided in the distribution connector (15) and is connected to the distribution connector (15) by a shear pin (30). The ball seat (32) seals the diversion hole.

2. The hydraulic eye expander as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter body (100) has upper cutting teeth (102), diameter-maintaining teeth (103) and lower cutting teeth (104) arranged sequentially from top to bottom on both sides of the central flow channel (101).

3. The hydraulic eye expander as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the upper connector (1) extends into the cylinder (2) and is threadedly connected to the cylinder (2). A guide seat (3) is provided inside the cylinder (2) between the upper connector (1) and the spindle (5).

4. The hydraulic eye expander as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sliding grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the blade groove, and multiple sliding rails (105) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the blade body (100), and the sliding rails (105) are slidably connected to the sliding grooves one by one.

5. The hydraulic eye expander as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The slide rail (105) is inclined upward from the inside to the outside relative to the cylinder (2).

6. The hydraulic eye expander as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ball seat (32) is also provided with a steel ball (31).

7. The hydraulic eye expander as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the lower connector (16) is inserted into the cylinder (2) and threadedly connected to the lower end of the distribution connector (15), and the middle part of the lower connector (16) is threadedly connected to the lower end of the cylinder (2).

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