Ka frequency band multichannel frequency conversion assembly
By using Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter components and employing switch selection networks and filter designs, the problems of high cost and poor reliability of Ka-band measurement and control systems have been solved, achieving low-cost, high-integration, and strong anti-interference signal acquisition.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422916331.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing Ka-band telemetry and control systems suffer from high cost and complexity of front-end components, poor system reliability, and difficulty in rapidly acquiring highly dynamic targets.
The Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component includes a pre-selection filter, a low-noise amplifier unit, a switch selection network, a multi-channel frequency converter unit, and a component power supply and control unit. The switch selection network selects the required receiving signal channel, reducing the number of frequency converter channels. The component also filters out stray signals through two frequency conversions and filters, achieving an integrated design.
It effectively reduces component costs and complexity, improves anti-interference capabilities and system reliability, and achieves fast and stable signal acquisition.
Smart Images
Figure CN223514866U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aerospace measurement and control, specifically to a Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter. Background Technology
[0002] During reentry into the atmospheres of Earth and other planets, hypersonic satellites, space shuttles, intercontinental ballistic missiles, spacecraft, and near-space hypersonic vehicles that are being developed by major world powers in recent years experience a plasma sheath forming on their surfaces. This sheath causes a disruption in signal communication between the spacecraft and ground control stations or other signal sources, a phenomenon known as the "blackout effect." The Ka band can effectively reduce the impact of the blackout effect. However, in modern communication systems, signal encoding, decoding, modulation, and demodulation are generally performed at lower frequencies. Therefore, down-conversion components are critical components in these systems, and their performance directly affects system performance.
[0003] With the development of aerospace telemetry and control, frequency converter components are being used more and more widely. However, due to the high speed of spacecraft and the narrow beamwidth of the Ka-band, it is difficult to achieve rapid and stable acquisition. Therefore, multiple receiving beams need to work simultaneously to expand the acquisition range and achieve rapid acquisition of highly dynamic targets. However, multiple beams inevitably require multiple receiving frequency converter channels, which significantly increases the system cost and complexity, and reduces system reliability. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter to solve the problems of high cost and complexity of front-end components and poor system reliability in existing Ka-band measurement and control systems.
[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:
[0006] A Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component includes a pre-selection filter 1, a low-noise amplifier unit 2, a switch selection network 3, a multi-channel frequency converter unit 4, and a component power supply and control unit 5;
[0007] The RF signal input port of the pre-selection filter 1 is connected to the outside, and the filter signal output port is connected to the signal input port of the low noise amplifier 2; the amplified signal output port of the low noise amplifier 2 is connected to the signal input port of the switch selection network 3; the routing signal output port of the switch selection network 3 is connected to the signal input port of the multi-channel frequency converter unit 4; the frequency conversion signal output port of the multi-channel frequency converter unit (4) is connected to the signal input port of the external imaging baseband unit 6; the control signal input port of the component power supply and control unit 5 is connected to the control signal output port of the external imaging baseband unit 6, and the control signal output port is connected to the control signal input port of the switch selection network 3.
[0008] Furthermore, the radio frequency signal input ports are 2m channels, arranged in a 2×m rectangle, divided into two rows, A and B, with each row of channels numbered 1 to m; m is a set value.
[0009] Furthermore, the switch selection network 3 includes a power divider, x groups of n-to-1 switch networks, and 4 groups of k-to-1 switch networks;
[0010] The signal input port of the power divider is connected to the amplified signal output port of the low-noise amplifier 2. The power divider splits each RF signal into two paths. After splitting, each adjacent n / 2 channels in row A and each adjacent n / 2 channels in row B are grouped together and connected to a set of n-to-1 switch networks. After splitting, all odd-numbered channels in row A are connected to the first set of k-to-1 networks, all even-numbered channels in row A are connected to the second set of k-to-1 networks, all odd-numbered channels in row B are connected to the third set of k-to-1 networks, and all even-numbered channels in row B are connected to the fourth set of k-to-1 networks. Finally, x+4 RF signals are selected. Where n is a positive even number, x = [m / (n / 2)], and k = [m / 2].
[0011] Furthermore, the RF signal input port is a waveguide port, and the pre-selection filter 1 is a waveguide cavity filter, which is connected to the back-end low-noise amplifier unit 2 through a broadband waveguide coaxial conversion structure.
[0012] Furthermore, the multi-channel frequency conversion unit 4 includes multiple frequency conversion links, each of which sequentially includes gain amplification, primary frequency conversion, primary intermediate frequency filtering, digitally controlled attenuation, secondary frequency conversion, and secondary intermediate frequency filtering; it also includes frequency multiplication, splitting and amplification of the local oscillator signal, as well as splitting and amplification of the secondary local oscillator signal.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0014] 1. Low cost
[0015] This invention employs a switch-selection network, where an n-to-1 switch and a k-to-1 switch select the channel that needs to receive the signal. This avoids down-converting all signal channels, greatly reducing the number of frequency conversion channels and effectively lowering component cost, power consumption, and complexity.
[0016] 2. High integration
[0017] This utility model integrates pre-selection filtering, low-noise amplification, switch selection network, frequency conversion power supply and control unit into one integrated design, with no cable connection between unit modules and highly integrated components.
[0018] 3. Low stray emissions and strong anti-interference capability
[0019] In this circuit, the pre-selection filter is a cavity filter with high out-of-band suppression, effectively filtering out out-of-band interference. The frequency conversion link involves two frequency conversions, with filters before and after each conversion, which can promptly filter out spurious signals generated by the mixer, greatly improving the spurious suppression of the link. The frequency conversion assembly is an integrated design, with all units in independent shielded enclosures, and no RF cables connecting the units, significantly improving the anti-interference capability of the frequency conversion assembly. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component of this utility model.
[0021] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the channel division of the 8-to-1 switch for the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter of this utility model.
[0022] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the channel division of the 11-to-1 switch for the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter of this utility model.
[0023] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the switching selection network principle of the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component of this utility model.
[0024] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the 8-to-1 switch principle of the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter of this utility model.
[0025] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the 11-to-1 switch principle of the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter of this utility model.
[0026] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of the multi-channel frequency converter unit in the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component of this utility model.
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.
[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model is a Ka-band multi-channel downconverter, including: a pre-selection filter 1, a low-noise amplification unit 2, a switch selection network 3, a multi-channel frequency conversion unit 4, and a component power supply and control unit 5.
[0030] Each RF input channel is connected to a pre-select filter 1 and a low-noise amplifier unit 2; the switch selection network 3 splits each RF input signal and selects the signal through a multi-stage switch to reduce the number of down-conversion channels; the multi-channel conversion unit 4 contains multiple conversion channels, which not only performs separate down-conversion of the multiple signals selected by the switch selection network, but also performs frequency multiplication, splitting and amplification of the local oscillator signal; the imaging baseband unit 6 sends control data to the component power supply and control unit 5 through a high-speed synchronous serial port to control the output signal of the switch selection network. The component power supply and control unit 5 is also responsible for the power supply of each module of the component.
[0031] In this embodiment, the switch selection network 3 includes a power divider, 6 groups of 8-to-1 switch networks, and 4 groups of 11-to-1 switch networks;
[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the Ka-band multi-channel downconverter contains 44 RF receiving ports arranged in a 2×22 pattern, divided into two columns, A and B, numbered 1 to 22 respectively. A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B-1, B-2, B-3, and B-4 correspond to the first group of 8-to-1 switches; A-5, A-6, A-7, A-8, B-5, B-6, B-7, and B-8 correspond to the second group of 8-to-1 switches, and so on. Finally, A-21, A-22, B-21, and B-22 are four channels, but to ensure consistency between channels, they also use an 8-to-1 switch network. The four ports without inputs are connected to a 50-ohm load.
[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the Ka-band multi-channel downconverter contains 44 RF receiving ports arranged in a 2×22 pattern, divided into two columns, A and B, numbered 1 to 22 respectively. A-1, A-3, A-5, A-7, A-9, A-11, A-13, A-15, A-17, A-19, and A-21 (all odd-numbered channels in row A) correspond to the first group of 11-to-1 switches; A-2, A-4, A-6, A-8, A-10, A-12, A-14, A-16, A-18, A-20, and A-22 (all even-numbered channels in row A) correspond to the second group of 11-to-1 switches. All odd-numbered channels and all even-numbered channels in row B correspond to the third and fourth groups of 11-to-1 switches respectively, following the same arrangement as row A.
[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the 44 input signals are bandpass filtered by 44 cavity filters, and then amplified and filtered by the low-noise amplifier unit 2. The switch selection network 3 first performs a one-to-two power split on the amplified 44 signals, so the A-1 input signal is split into two channels, A-1-1 and A-1-2. The other input signals are split in the same way. The 88 signals are selected into 10 signals by 6 sets of 8-to-1 switch networks and 4 sets of 11-to-1 switch networks.
[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the 8-to-1 switch selection network consists of 8 single-pole single-throw switches, 2 single-pole four-throw switches, and 1 single-pole double-throw switch. The single-pole single-throw switches can effectively improve the isolation between channels.
[0036] like Figure 6 As shown, the 11-to-1 switch selection network consists of 11 single-pole single-throw switches, 3 single-pole four-throw switches, and 1 single-pole three-throw switch. The single-pole single-throw switches can effectively improve the isolation between channels, and the ports of the 3 single-pole four-throw switches without signal input are connected to a 50-ohm load.
[0037] The multi-channel frequency converter unit 4 contains 10 down-conversion links, which down-convert the 10 signals selected by the switch selection network 3. For example... Figure 7 As shown, each frequency conversion link undergoes two frequency conversions. Filters are designed before and after each frequency conversion to filter stray signals. After the first frequency conversion, a digitally controlled attenuator is installed in the link to adjust the link gain. The multi-channel frequency conversion unit receives the local oscillator signal from an external source. Internally, the multi-channel frequency conversion unit performs frequency multiplication, splitting, and amplification of the local oscillator signal, as well as splitting and amplification of the two local oscillator signals.
[0038] The component power supply and control unit 5 completes the power supply regulation and switching control of the component.
[0039] like Figure 8 As shown, the 44-channel Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter has dimensions of 268.4mm × 190mm × 24mm. From right to left, it consists of a pre-select filter 1, a low-noise amplifier unit 2, a switch selection network 3, a multi-channel frequency converter unit 4, and a power supply and control unit 5. The right end face has 44 signal input waveguide ports, the left end face has 10 intermediate frequency signals and a switch switching control interface, and the bottom end face has interfaces for a single array, two local oscillators, and the power supply to the converter.
[0040] When the Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter starts working, the external imaging baseband unit 6 controls the Ka-band multi-channel down-converter via a high-speed serial port. The imaging baseband unit 6 sends high-speed control serial codes to the component power supply and control unit 5. After decoding the high-speed serial codes, the component power supply and control unit 5 controls each switch in the switch selection network 3. Among them, the 6 groups of 8-to-1 switches continuously switch the 8 channels at a fixed switching rate ①→②→③→④→⑤→⑥→⑦→⑧→①… Each time a switch is made, the imaging baseband unit 6 detects the channel energy at that time. After 8 switches, the imaging baseband unit 6 can complete the energy detection of all 44 input channels. Based on the detection results, it can determine the channel with the strongest receiving energy among the 44 input channels, as well as the 3 secondary strong channels around the channel with the strongest signal energy. According to the judgment results, the imaging baseband unit 6 sends control codes to the component power supply and control unit 5 to control the 4 groups of 11-to-1 switch networks to switch out the four channels with stronger energy selected by the imaging baseband unit 6, and transmits the 4 received signals to the multi-function baseband for synthesis and demodulation. Each time the system completes a full channel energy detection, it switches the three channels with the strongest energy and the three surrounding channels with the second strongest energy, thereby achieving target tracking and signal synthesis.
[0041] The contents not described in detail in this utility model specification are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter, characterized in that, It includes a pre-selection filter (1), a low-noise amplification unit (2), a switch selection network (3), a multi-channel frequency converter (4), and a component power supply and control unit (5). The RF signal input port of the pre-selection filter (1) is connected to the outside, and the filter signal output port is connected to the signal input port of the low noise amplifier unit (2); the amplified signal output port of the low noise amplifier unit (2) is connected to the signal input port of the switch selection network (3); the routing signal output port of the switch selection network (3) is connected to the signal input port of the multi-channel frequency converter unit (4); the frequency conversion signal output port of the multi-channel frequency converter unit (4) is connected to the signal input port of the external imaging baseband unit (6); the control signal input port of the component power supply and control unit (5) is connected to the control signal output port of the external imaging baseband unit (6), and the control signal output port is connected to the control signal input port of the switch selection network (3).
2. The Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component according to claim 1, characterized in that, RF signal input ports are 2 m Road, 2× m Arranged in rectangles, divided into two rows, A and B, with each row's channel numbered 1~ m ; m This is the set value.
3. The Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switch selection network (3) includes a power divider, x Group n Select 1 switch network and 4 groups k Choose network 1; The signal input port of the power divider is connected to the amplified signal output port of the low-noise amplifier unit (2). The power divider splits each RF signal into two paths; after splitting, each adjacent path in row A is sequentially divided. n / 2 Road passage and B row each adjacent n / 2 The road passages are grouped together, corresponding to one group. n Select switch 1 for network connection; after branching, connect all odd-numbered channels in row A to group 1. k Select 1 for network connection; all even-numbered channels in row A correspond to group 2. k Select 1 for network connection; all odd-numbered channels in row B correspond to group 3. k Select 1 for network connection; all even-numbered channels in row B correspond to group 4. k Select 1 for network connection; finally select x +4 radio frequency signals; among which... n It is a positive even number. , .
4. The Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency signal input port is a waveguide port, and the pre-selection filter (1) is a waveguide cavity filter. It is connected to the back-end low noise amplifier unit (2) through a broadband waveguide coaxial conversion structure.
5. A Ka-band multi-channel frequency converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel frequency conversion unit (4) includes multiple frequency conversion links. Each frequency conversion link includes gain amplification, primary frequency conversion, primary intermediate frequency filtering, digital control attenuation, secondary frequency conversion and secondary intermediate frequency filtering in sequence; it also includes frequency multiplication, splitting and amplification of the local oscillator signal and splitting and amplification of the second local oscillator signal.