Solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model provides a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the technical field of cells. The solar cell comprises a cell main body, a transparent conductive oxide layer, a conductive substrate and a conductive electrode. And the transparent conductive oxide layers are arranged on the two sides of the cell main body and can realize transverse transmission of current carriers and a channel for external current transportation, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved. At least a portion of the conductive substrate is within the transparent conductive oxide layer, and the portion of the conductive substrate is in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer such that at least a portion of the conductive substrate may be in contact with an inner wall of the transparent conductive oxide layer. Therefore, the contact area of the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive oxide layer is relatively larger, better ohmic contact can be formed, and the electric connection effect of the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive oxide layer is better.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of cells. BACKGROUND

[0002] A heterojunction solar cell is a cell structure based on a heterojunction, which realizes charge separation and current generation through the energy difference of the heterojunction. In the heterojunction cell structure, two different materials of semiconductors are formed on opposite sides of a silicon substrate through a specific process to form a p-n junction. In the heterojunction solar cell, the metal electrode is a component of the heterojunction solar cell for electrical connection with an external electrical connection structure, and the metal electrode is connected with the transparent conductive oxide layer. The ohmic contact between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive oxide layer can affect the performance of the heterojunction cell.

[0003] At present, the ohmic contact quality between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive oxide layer in the heterojunction cell is poor, and the carrier transport effect is not good. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] The present application provides a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, which solves the problem of poor ohmic contact effect between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive oxide layer of the cell in the related art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell, comprising:

[0006] a cell body comprising a first side and a second side opposite to each other;

[0007] a transparent conductive oxide layer stacked on the first side and the second side;

[0008] a conductive base at least partially located in the transparent conductive oxide layer and in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer;

[0009] a conductive electrode connected with the conductive base.

[0010] In some embodiments, the conductive base comprises a bottom wall towards one side of the cell body, and the bottom wall is in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the conductive base further comprises a side wall adjacent to the bottom wall, and at least part of the side wall is in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the conductive base further comprises a top wall away from the bottom wall, and one end of the conductive electrode passes through the transparent conductive oxide layer and is connected to the top wall.

[0013] In some embodiments, the conductive electrode forms a right projection on the top wall, and the right projection is located in the top wall.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the top wall is covered by the transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode onto the surface where the top wall is located to the area of ​​the top wall is 0.1-0.92.

[0016] In some embodiments, the transparent conductive oxide layer has a connection groove, one end of the conductive electrode passes through the connection groove and is connected to the conductive substrate, and the outer wall of the conductive electrode is in contact with the inner wall of the connection groove.

[0017] In some embodiments, the end of the conductive electrode opposite to the conductive substrate protrudes beyond the transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, the connection between the conductive electrode and the conductive substrate is located in the middle of the conductive substrate.

[0019] In some embodiments, the ratio of the height to the width of the conductive electrode is greater than or equal to 0.8.

[0020] In some embodiments, the height of the conductive electrode is 4.8 μm-36 μm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the width of the conductive electrode is 6μm-16μm.

[0022] In some embodiments, the width of the conductive substrate is 6.55 μm to 30 μm.

[0023] In some embodiments, the height of the conductive substrate is 30nm-200nm.

[0024] In some embodiments, the conductive substrate is a copper-plated layer.

[0025] In some embodiments, the conductive electrode is a copper electrode.

[0026] In some embodiments, there are multiple conductive substrates and multiple conductive electrodes, with the multiple conductive substrates corresponding to the multiple conductive electrodes.

[0027] In some embodiments, a plurality of the conductive substrates are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0028] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive electrodes are connected to the plurality of conductive substrates in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0029] Secondly, based on the solar cell described above, this application also proposes a photovoltaic module, including the solar cell described above.

[0030] In the solar cell provided in this application, a transparent conductive oxide layer is disposed on both sides of the cell body. This transparent conductive oxide layer enables lateral transport of charge carriers and serves as a channel for external current transport, thereby improving the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency. At least a portion of the conductive substrate is located within the transparent conductive oxide layer, and this portion of the conductive substrate is in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer, allowing at least a portion of the conductive substrate to contact the inner wall of the transparent conductive oxide layer. This results in a relatively larger contact area between the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive oxide layer, providing good ohmic contact and improving the electrical connection between them. One end of the conductive electrode is connected to the conductive substrate, enabling electrical connection between the conductive electrode and the conductive substrate, as well as with external electrical connection structures. Because the electrical connection between the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive oxide layer is excellent, the electrical connection between the conductive electrode and the transparent conductive oxide layer is also excellent. This, in turn, improves the electrical connection between the transparent conductive oxide layer and external electrical connectors, ultimately resulting in a better electrical connection between the cell and external electrical connectors. Consequently, the cell is more stable and more efficient during charging and discharging.

[0031] The photovoltaic module provided in this application includes the solar cell mentioned above, which makes the photovoltaic module more stable in operation and more efficient in operation. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of embodiments of this application will become more readily understood through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application will be described by way of example and non-limitation, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive substrate and conductive electrodes of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a conductive substrate of a solar cell disposed on a first transparent conductive oxide layer, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second transparent conductive oxide layer covering the conductive substrate in an embodiment of the solar cell of this application;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection groove formed in the second transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 100 - Battery body, 110 - Silicon substrate, 111 - First side, 112 - Second side, 120 - First intrinsic layer, 130 - First doped layer, 140 - Second intrinsic layer, 150 - Second doped layer

[0041] 200 - Transparent conductive oxide layer, 210 - Mounting groove, 220 - Connecting groove, 200a - First transparent conductive oxide layer, 200b - Second transparent conductive oxide layer

[0042] 300 - Conductive substrate, 310 - Bottom wall, 320 - Side wall, 330 - Top wall.

[0043] 400 - Conductive electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0045] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0050] Heterojunction solar cells are a type of cell structure based on a heterojunction, which achieves charge separation and current generation through the energy difference between the two materials. In a heterojunction cell structure, two different semiconductor materials are formed on opposite sides of a silicon substrate using specific processes to form a pn junction. The metal electrode is the component used for electrical connection to an external electrical connection structure in a heterojunction solar cell; the metal electrode is connected to a transparent conductive oxide layer. The ohmic contact effect between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive oxide layer is crucial to the performance of the heterojunction cell.

[0051] Currently, in heterojunction solar cells, metal electrodes are fabricated on the surface of a transparent conductive oxide layer using screen printing. This method results in poor ohmic contact between the metal electrodes and the transparent conductive oxide layer.

[0052] In the solar cell proposed in this application, a transparent conductive oxide layer is disposed on both sides of the cell body. This transparent conductive oxide layer enables lateral transport of charge carriers and serves as a channel for external current transport, thereby improving the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency. At least a portion of the conductive substrate is located within the transparent conductive oxide layer, and this portion of the conductive substrate is in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer, allowing at least a portion of the conductive substrate to contact the inner wall of the transparent conductive oxide layer. This results in a relatively larger contact area between the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive oxide layer, enabling a good ohmic contact and improving the electrical connection between them. One end of the conductive electrode is connected to the conductive substrate, allowing for electrical connection between the conductive electrode and the conductive substrate, as well as with external electrical connection structures. Because the electrical connection between the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive oxide layer is excellent, the electrical connection between the conductive electrode and the transparent conductive oxide layer is also excellent, resulting in a better electrical connection between the transparent conductive oxide layer and external electrical connectors. Ultimately, this leads to a better electrical connection between the cell and external electrical connectors, resulting in more stable and efficient charging and discharging of the cell.

[0053] The battery and photovoltaic module provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0054] This application discloses a solar cell, with reference to... Figure 1 The battery includes a battery body 100, a transparent conductive oxide layer 200, a conductive substrate 300, and a conductive electrode 400. This battery can be used in photovoltaic modules.

[0055] In this application, the solar cell is a heterojunction cell. The cell body 100 is the basic component of the solar cell, providing a mounting base for at least some other components and protecting them. The cell body 100 includes a first side 111 and a second side 112 facing away from each other. The first side 111 and the second side 112 are located at opposite ends in the thickness direction of the cell body 100. Figure 1 In the X direction, specifically, the first side 111 and the second side 112 of the battery body 100 are the surfaces at both ends of the battery body 100 in the thickness direction.

[0056] Specifically, the battery body 100 may include a silicon substrate 110, a first intrinsic layer 120, a first doped layer 130, a second intrinsic layer 140, and a second doped layer 150. The silicon substrate 110 is the basic component of the battery body 100 of this application, and it can provide a mounting base for at least some other components of the battery body 100. The silicon substrate 110 may be fabricated using a semiconductor material including silicon. The first side 111 and the second side 112 of the battery body 100 are also located at opposite ends of the silicon substrate 110 in the thickness direction.

[0057] A first intrinsic layer 120 is stacked on the surface of the silicon substrate 110 facing the first side 111. The first intrinsic layer 120 is an intrinsic structure, meaning it is a semiconductor structure layer without any other doping. The first intrinsic layer 120 includes silicon to meet the structural requirements of a heterojunction solar cell. A second intrinsic layer 140 is stacked on the surface of the silicon substrate 110 facing the second side 112. The second intrinsic layer 140 is an intrinsic structure, meaning it is a semiconductor structure layer without any other doping. The second intrinsic layer 140 includes silicon to meet the structural requirements of a heterojunction solar cell. The first intrinsic layer 120 and the second intrinsic layer 140 provide passivation, reducing minority carrier recombination, providing field passivation effects, and reducing reflectivity, playing a crucial role in improving cell efficiency.

[0058] A first doped layer 130 is stacked on the side of the first intrinsic layer 120 facing away from the silicon substrate 110, and a second doped layer 150 is stacked on the side of the second intrinsic layer 140 facing away from the silicon substrate 110, so that the first doped layer 130 and the second doped layer 150 are located on opposite sides of the silicon substrate 110. The first doped layer 130 is an n-type doped structure, and the second doped layer 150 is a p-type doped structure, and both the first doped layer 130 and the second doped layer 150 are conductive. This forms a pn junction between the first doped layer 130 and the second doped layer 150, creating a potential difference and electric field between them, allowing electrons to move between the first doped layer 130 and the second doped layer 150.

[0059] Specifically, when the second doped layer 150 and the first doped layer 130 are combined, since the second doped layer 150 is a p-type doped structure and the first doped layer 130 is an n-type doped structure, the hole concentration in the second doped layer 150 is high, while the electron concentration in the first doped layer 130 is high, thus triggering thermal diffusion. That is, holes diffuse from the second doped layer 150 to the first doped layer 130, and electrons diffuse from the first doped layer 130 to the second doped layer 150. This results in a negative charge forming in the second doped layer 150 and a positive charge forming in the first doped layer 130, creating a built-in electric field between them. Under illumination, photons with energies greater than the bandgap are absorbed, generating electron-hole pairs on both sides of the pn junction. These pairs separate under the influence of the built-in electric field, thereby generating a photocurrent.

[0060] A transparent conductive oxide layer 200 is stacked on a first side 111 and / or a second side 112 opposite to the battery body 100. Specifically, the number of transparent conductive oxide layers 200 can be set to one or two. When there are two transparent conductive oxide layers 200, one transparent conductive oxide layer 200 is disposed on the side of the first doped layer 130 opposite to the first intrinsic layer 120, and the other transparent conductive oxide layer 200 is disposed on the side of the second doped layer 150 opposite to the second intrinsic layer 140. The transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can serve as a channel for lateral transport of charge carriers and external current transport. The transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can achieve high light transmittance and conductivity, resulting in a lower series resistance and a higher fill factor for the battery, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0061] It should be understood that in the related technology, the conductive layer structure is directly stacked on the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Consequently, the conductive layer structure only contacts the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 on its side facing the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, resulting in a small contact area between the conductive layer structure and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, which in turn leads to poor ohmic contact between the conductive layer structure and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0062] In this application, a conductive substrate 300 is disposed on a transparent conductive oxide layer 200, wherein at least a portion of the conductive substrate 300 is located within and in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Specifically, refer to... Figure 2As shown, the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can have a mounting groove 210 that can accommodate at least a portion of the conductive substrate 300. The at least portion of the conductive substrate 300 is located in the mounting groove 210, so that the outer wall of the at least portion of the conductive substrate 300 can contact the inner wall of the mounting groove 210 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. In this way, the outer walls of multiple portions of the conductive substrate 300 can face the inner wall of the mounting groove 210 and contact the inner wall of the mounting groove 210, so that the contact area between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 is larger, thereby forming a good ohmic contact between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, and the carrier transport effect is better.

[0063] One end of the conductive electrode 400 is connected to the conductive substrate 300, making the conductive electrode 400 electrically connected to the conductive substrate 300, thereby making the conductive electrode 400 electrically connected to the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 through the conductive substrate 300. The other end of the conductive electrode 400 can be connected to an external electrical connector, thereby allowing the battery to be charged and discharged through the conductive electrode 400. Because the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 have good ohmic contact, the conductive electrode 400 also has good ohmic contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 through the conductive substrate 300. This makes the solar cell of this application safer and more efficient during charging and discharging.

[0064] In some implementations, reference Figure 3 As shown, the conductive substrate 300 of this application may include a bottom wall 310 and a side wall 320. The bottom wall 310 of the conductive substrate 300 is the outer wall of the conductive substrate 300 facing the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. The side wall 320 of the conductive substrate 300 is adjacent to the bottom wall 310 of the conductive substrate 300 and may be arranged along the circumference of the conductive substrate 300. Both the bottom wall 310 and the side wall 320 of the conductive substrate 300 are in contact with the inner wall of the mounting groove 210 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. This can further increase the contact area between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby further optimizing the ohmic contact effect between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, and further improving the charge and discharge stability and efficiency of the solar cell of this application.

[0065] The inner wall of the mounting groove 210 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can also limit the side wall 320 of the conductive substrate 300, making the conductive substrate 300 more stable when it is placed in the mounting groove 210, thereby enhancing the connection reliability between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0066] The conductive substrate 300 of this application can be configured with various shapes and structures. For example, the conductive substrate 300 can be configured as a rectangular structure, and correspondingly, the mounting groove 210 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can be configured as a rectangular groove structure. The conductive substrate 300 has four sidewalls 320, which are distributed circumferentially along the conductive substrate 300. All four sidewalls 320 of the conductive substrate 300 are in contact with the inner wall of the mounting groove 210, thereby ensuring that all four sidewalls 320 of the conductive substrate 300 can contact the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Furthermore, the conductive substrate 300 can also be configured with other shapes and structures, as long as the conductive substrate 300 has multiple surfaces in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0067] In some implementations, reference Figure 3 As shown, the conductive substrate 300 of this application may further include a top wall 330, which is located on the side of the conductive substrate 300 opposite to the bottom wall 310. That is, the top wall 330 and the bottom wall 310 are located in the thickness direction of the conductive substrate 300 and are located on opposite sides of the conductive substrate 300. At least a portion of the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 is covered by a transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby further increasing the contact area between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0068] Specifically, the conductive substrate 300 can be entirely located within the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, allowing the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 to enclose the conductive substrate 300, thus preventing its exposure and protecting it. The inner wall of the mounting groove 210, opposite to the bottom wall 310 and top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300, can also limit the conductive substrate 300 in the thickness direction, thereby better fixing the conductive substrate 300 within the mounting groove 210 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0069] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 As shown, in order to connect the conductive electrode 400 to the conductive substrate 300, the conductive electrode 400 can be inserted through the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 and then connected to the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300. This allows the conductive electrode 400 to be electrically connected to the conductive substrate 300, and also allows the conductive electrode 400 to be located on the side of the conductive substrate 300 away from the battery body 100, thereby making it easier for the conductive electrode 400 to be electrically connected to external electrical connectors.

[0070] Specifically, the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 has a connecting groove 220 that connects the surface of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 to the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300. The conductive electrode 400 is located in the connecting groove 220, and one end of the conductive electrode 400 extends to contact and connect with the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300. The end of the conductive electrode 400 away from the conductive substrate 300 can extend in a direction away from the conductive substrate 300. Correspondingly, the external electrical connector connected to the conductive electrode 400 can be located on the side of the conductive substrate 300 away from the battery body 100, so that the overall structure of the solar cell of this application after being connected to the external electrical connector is more compact.

[0071] Of course, in other embodiments, the conductive electrode 400 may be connected to the sidewall 320 of the conductive substrate 300. Correspondingly, one end of the connecting groove 220 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 extends to connect with the sidewall 320 of the conductive substrate 300, and the other end of the connecting groove 220 extends to the surface of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. In this way, the conductive electrode 400 is located in the connecting groove 220, and one end of the conductive electrode 400 can extend to connect with the conductive substrate 300.

[0072] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 As shown, the portion of the conductive electrode 400 located within the connection groove 220 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 is in contact with the inner wall of the connection groove 220. In this way, the conductive electrode 400 can also directly contact the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby enhancing the ohmic contact effect between the conductive electrode 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0073] Specifically, both the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 are in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, which can further increase the overall structure of the connection between the conductive substrate 300 and the conductive electrode 400 and the contact area with the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. This makes the stability and reliability of the connection between the solar cell and the external electrical connector of this application better, the charging and discharging effect of the battery better, and the efficiency higher.

[0074] The groove shape of the connecting groove 220 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can be configured to match the shape of the conductive electrode 400, so that the circumferential outer wall of the conductive electrode 400 is in contact with the inner wall of the connecting groove 220. This further increases the contact area between the conductive electrode 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. In addition, the inner wall of the connecting groove 220 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can also limit the conductive electrode 400, preventing the conductive electrode 400 from moving laterally, so that the conductive electrode 400 can make more stable and reliable contact and connection with the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0075] The conductive electrode 400 of this application can be configured with various external shapes. For example, the conductive electrode 400 can be configured as a rectangular structure, and correspondingly, the groove shape of the connecting groove 220 of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can be configured as a rectangular groove structure. The conductive electrode 400 has four sidewalls 320, which are distributed circumferentially along the conductive electrode 400. All four sidewalls 320 of the conductive electrode 400 are in contact with the inner wall of the connecting groove 220, thereby ensuring that all four sidewalls 320 of the conductive electrode 400 can contact the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Furthermore, the conductive electrode 400 can also be configured with other external shapes, as long as the conductive electrode 400 has multiple surfaces in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0076] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 As shown, to facilitate the connection between the conductive electrode 400 and the external electrical connector, one end of the conductive electrode 400 facing away from the conductive substrate 300 protrudes outside the conductive electrode 400. This means that at least a portion of the conductive electrode 400 is located outside the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, resulting in a larger surface area for the portion of the conductive electrode 400 exposed outside the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. This allows the external electrical connector to be easily connected to the portion of the conductive electrode 400 outside the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thus enabling convenient electrical connection between the external electrical connector and the conductive electrode 400.

[0077] Specifically, the end of the conductive electrode 400 facing away from the conductive substrate 300 may protrude from the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 facing away from the battery body 100 to the outside of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. The end of the conductive electrode 400 facing away from the conductive substrate 300 may also protrude from the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 to the outside of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0078] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 400 on the conductive substrate 300 is located within the conductive substrate 300. Specifically, the conductive electrode 400 can form an orthographic projection on the conductive substrate 300 in the direction towards the conductive substrate 300, and this orthographic projection is located within the conductive substrate 300, such that the width dimension of the conductive electrode 400 is smaller than the width dimension of the conductive substrate 300. This makes the overall width dimension of the conductive electrode 400 smaller than the width dimension of the conductive substrate 300. The conductive substrate 300 has a larger width dimension than the conductive electrode 400, which allows for a larger contact area between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. The conductive electrode 400 has a smaller width dimension than the conductive substrate 300, which allows for a more compact structure of the conductive electrode 400, thereby reducing the amount of conductive electrode 400 used in its fabrication and ultimately reducing the fabrication cost of the solar cell of this application.

[0079] It should also be understood that the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 facing away from the battery body 100 is the light-receiving surface of the battery. The larger the surface area of ​​the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 facing away from the battery body 100, the higher the discharge efficiency of the battery. The smaller the width of the conductive electrode 400, the less space the conductive electrode 400 occupies on the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 facing away from the battery body 100. This results in a larger surface area of ​​the portion of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 not covered by the conductive electrode 400 on the side facing away from the battery body 100, thereby optimizing the charging efficiency of the solar cell of this application.

[0080] Specifically, when both the conductive substrate 300 and the conductive electrode 400 are rectangular structures, the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 can be connected to form a "T" shaped structure.

[0081] Furthermore, to further increase the contact area between the conductive electrode 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, the conductive electrode 400 can also be configured as a frustum structure, with its outer diameter gradually decreasing in the direction away from the conductive substrate 300. This results in an inclined sidewall 320 of the conductive electrode 400, thereby increasing the surface area of ​​the conductive electrode 400 and consequently increasing the contact area between the conductive electrode 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. This optimizes the ohmic contact effect between the conductive electrode 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, leading to better performance of the solar cell of this application.

[0082] In some embodiments, to ensure good contact and reliable connection between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300, the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 400 onto the conductive substrate 300 to the area of ​​the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 is 0.1-0.92. This ensures stable connection when the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 form a "T"-shaped structure. Specifically, if the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 400 onto the conductive substrate 300 to the area of ​​the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 is less than 0.1, the contact area between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 will be too small, resulting in poor connection stability. If the ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode 400 on the conductive substrate 300 to the area of ​​the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 is greater than 0.92, the area in the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 that can contact the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 will be too small, thus affecting the ohmic contact effect between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0083] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the connection between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 in this application is located in the middle of the conductive substrate 300. Specifically, the conductive electrode 400 can be connected to the center of the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300. Correspondingly, the surface area of ​​the portion of the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 located on both sides of the conductive electrode 400 is consistent. The portion of the top wall 330 of the conductive substrate 300 located on both sides of the conductive electrode 400 is uniformly covered by the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. This makes the conductive substrate 300 more balanced under stress and more stable when it is covered by the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby improving the connection stability and reliability between the conductive substrate 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0084] In some embodiments, the conductive substrate 300 and the conductive electrode 400 of this application may be made of copper. The conductive substrate 300 and the conductive electrode 400 may be formed by electroplating, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the solar cell of this application.

[0085] In some embodiments, the height-to-width ratio of the conductive electrode 400 is greater than or equal to 1.3. This results in a better aspect ratio for the conductive electrode 400, leading to improved electrical connection between the conductive electrode 400 and external electrical connectors, and also improved electrical connection between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300. The height of the conductive electrode 400 is defined as the height of the conductive electrode 400 at... Figure 1 The dimension in the X direction, the width of the conductive electrode 400 is the dimension of the conductive electrode 400 in the X direction. Figure 1 The dimension in the Y direction.

[0086] In some embodiments, the height of the conductive electrode 400 of this application is 4.8 μm-36 μm, that is, the minimum height of the conductive electrode 400 is 4.8 μm and the maximum height of the conductive electrode 400 is 36 μm. This makes the electrical performance of the conductive electrode 400 better. If the height of the conductive electrode 400 is less than 4.8 μm or greater than 36 μm, it will be inconvenient to connect the conductive electrode 400 to external electrical connectors, and the connection effect between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 will be poor.

[0087] In some embodiments, the width of the conductive electrode 400 of this application is 6μm-16μm, that is, the minimum width of the conductive electrode 400 is 6μm and the maximum width of the conductive electrode 400 is 16μm. This makes the electrical performance of the conductive electrode 400 better. If the width of the conductive electrode 400 is less than 6μm or greater than 16μm, it will be inconvenient to connect the conductive electrode 400 to external electrical connectors, and the connection effect between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 will be poor.

[0088] In some embodiments, the height of the conductive substrate 300 is such that the conductive substrate 300 is at... Figure 1 The dimension in the X direction, the width of the conductive base layer 300 is the dimension of the conductive base layer 300 in the X direction. Figure 1 The dimensions in the Y direction. The height of the conductive substrate 300 in this application is 30nm-200nm, that is, the minimum height of the conductive substrate 300 is 30nm, and the maximum height of the conductive substrate 300 is 200nm. This makes the electrical performance of the conductive substrate 300 better. If the height of the conductive substrate 300 is less than 30nm, the connection effect between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 will be poor. If the height of the conductive substrate 300 is greater than 200nm, the structure of the conductive substrate 300 will be not compact.

[0089] In some embodiments, the width of the conductive substrate 300 of this application is 6.5 μm-30 μm, that is, the minimum width of the conductive substrate 300 is 6.5 μm, and the maximum width of the conductive substrate 300 is 30 μm. This results in better electrical performance of the conductive substrate 300. If the width of the conductive substrate 300 is less than 6.5 μm, the connection between the conductive electrode 400 and the conductive substrate 300 will be poor. If the width of the conductive substrate 300 is greater than 30 μm, the structure of the conductive substrate 300 will be not compact.

[0090] In some implementations, reference Figure 1 As shown, to improve the connection effect between the solar cell and the external electrical connector of this application, the number of conductive substrates 300 and conductive electrodes 400 can be set to multiple, with multiple conductive electrodes 400 correspondingly connected to multiple conductive substrates 300. Setting the number of conductive substrates 300 to multiple can increase the contact area between the conductive substrates 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby further optimizing the ohmic contact effect between the conductive substrates 300 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Setting the number of conductive electrodes 400 to multiple can also increase the contact area between the conductive electrodes 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby further optimizing the ohmic contact effect between the conductive electrodes 400 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Furthermore, the more conductive electrodes 400 there are, the more fully the conductive electrodes 400 are connected to the external electrical connector, thereby strengthening the connection effect between the solar cell and the external electrical connector of this application.

[0091] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive substrates 300 of this application are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, that is, the plurality of conductive substrates 300 may be spaced apart in the width direction of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200. Figure 1 The multiple conductive substrates 300 are spaced apart in the Y direction, so that the space within the transparent conductive oxide layer 200 can be fully utilized and the substrates 300 are distributed in an orderly manner.

[0092] Of course, in order to further increase the number of conductive substrates 300, multiple conductive substrates 300 can also be spaced apart along the thickness direction of the transparent conductive oxide layer 200, thereby making further use of the space within the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0093] In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive electrodes 400 of this application may correspond one-to-one with a plurality of conductive substrates 300, that is, the number of conductive substrates 300 is the same as the number of conductive electrodes 400, and each conductive substrate 300 has a corresponding conductive electrode 400. In this way, each conductive electrode 400 can be connected to the conductive oxide layer through the conductive substrate 300.

[0094] Of course, the number of conductive electrodes 400 can be set to be greater than the number of conductive substrates 300, so that multiple conductive electrodes 400 can be connected to the same conductive substrate 300. This can further increase the number of conductive electrodes 400, making the connection effect between the solar cell of this application and the external electrical connector better.

[0095] The solar cells of this application can be prepared by the following steps:

[0096] refer to Figure 4 As shown, a first transparent conductive oxide layer 200a is formed on the first side 111 and the second side 112 opposite to each other of the battery body 100 by a vapor phase deposition process. The target material of the first transparent conductive oxide layer 200a can be one of indium tin oxide (In2O3 / SnO2 mass ratio of 99:1), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), and indium cerium oxide (ICO).

[0097] refer to Figure 5 As shown, a conductive substrate 300 is formed on the first transparent conductive oxide layer 200a. Specifically, the conductive substrate 300 is made of copper and is formed on the first transparent conductive oxide layer 200a by an electroplating process.

[0098] refer to Figure 6 As shown, a second transparent conductive oxide layer 200b is formed again by a vapor deposition process on the first transparent conductive oxide layer 200a, and the second transparent conductive oxide layer 200b covers the conductive substrate 300. The second transparent conductive oxide layer 200b and the first transparent conductive oxide layer 200a are stacked to form the transparent conductive oxide layer 200.

[0099] refer to Figure 6As shown, a connection groove 220 is formed on the second transparent conductive oxide layer 200 by etching or laser process. The two ends of the connection groove 220 extend to the second transparent conductive oxide layer 200 and the conductive substrate 300, respectively, so that at least part of the conductive substrate 300 is exposed.

[0100] A conductive electrode 400 is formed within the connecting groove 220 and connected to the conductive substrate 300. One end of the conductive electrode 400 may extend beyond the second transparent conductive oxide layer 200. The conductive electrode 400 may be formed by an electroplating process.

[0101] Based on the battery described above, this application also proposes a photovoltaic module, including the solar cell described above.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, include The battery body (100) includes a first side (111) and a second side (112) facing away from each other; A transparent conductive oxide layer (200) is stacked on the first side (111) and / or the second side (112); A conductive substrate (300) is at least partially located within the transparent conductive oxide layer (200) and in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer (200); A conductive electrode (400) is connected to the conductive substrate (300).

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive substrate (300) includes a bottom wall (310) facing the side of the battery body (100), the bottom wall (310) being in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer (200).

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive substrate (300) also includes a sidewall (320) adjacent to the bottom wall (310), at least a portion of the sidewall (320) being in contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer (200).

4. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive substrate (300) also includes a top wall (330) facing away from the bottom wall (310), and one end of the conductive electrode (400) passes through the transparent conductive oxide layer (200) and is connected to the top wall (330).

5. The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the conductive electrode (400) onto the surface of the top wall (330) is located within the top wall (330).

6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, At least part of the top wall (330) is covered by the transparent conductive oxide layer (200).

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the conductive electrode (400) onto the surface of the top wall (330) to the area of ​​the top wall (330) is 0.1-0.

92.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent conductive oxide layer (200) has a connecting groove (220), one end of the conductive electrode (400) passes through the connecting groove (220) and is connected to the conductive substrate (300), and the outer wall of the conductive electrode (400) is in contact with the inner wall of the connecting groove (220).

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive electrode (400) protrudes from the transparent conductive oxide layer (200) at one end away from the conductive substrate (300).

10. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the conductive electrode (400) and the conductive substrate (300) is located in the middle of the conductive substrate (300).

11. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The ratio of the height to the width of the conductive electrode (400) is greater than or equal to 0.

8.

12. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that, The height of the conductive electrode (400) is 4.8μm-36μm.

13. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that, The width of the conductive electrode (400) is 6μm-16μm.

14. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The width of the conductive substrate (300) is 6.5μm-30μm.

15. The solar cell according to claim 14, characterized in that, The height of the conductive substrate (300) is 30nm-200nm.

16. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The conductive substrate (300) is a copper-plated layer.

17. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The conductive electrode (400) is a copper electrode.

18. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The number of conductive substrates (300) and the number of conductive electrodes (400) are both multiple, and the multiple conductive substrates (300) are correspondingly connected to the multiple conductive electrodes (400).

19. The solar cell according to claim 18, characterized in that, The plurality of conductive substrates (300) are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the transparent conductive oxide layer (200).

20. The solar cell according to claim 18, characterized in that, The plurality of conductive electrodes (400) are connected to the plurality of conductive substrates (300) in a one-to-one correspondence.

21. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Includes the solar cell as described in any one of claims 1-20.

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