Solid waste pyrolysis and fusion integrated treatment system

Abstract

According to the solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the melting furnace and the secondary combustion chamber are combined together and arranged from top to bottom, and the occupied area of the system is reduced; the air guiding and material scraping structure is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, pyrolyzed carbide generated after pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is crushed through the air guiding and material scraping structure to obtain pyrolysis slag, other treatment equipment does not need to be additionally arranged, and the pyrolysis slag is directly fed into the melting furnace to be further heated and melted in a hot state without being cooled; the material treatment process is shortened, hot slag is directly melted, waste of waste heat of the slag is avoided, high-temperature hot slag is fed into the melting furnace, less heat is needed for heating the hot slag to the melting temperature in the melting furnace, fixed carbon generated by pyrolysis in the hot slag can be used as a fuel source, and therefore less fuel is needed for melting, and the energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, the construction and operation cost of the heat treatment system is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solid waste and hazardous waste treatment technology, specifically to an integrated solid waste pyrolysis and melting treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal treatment of solid and hazardous waste includes incineration, pyrolysis, sintering, and melting. Traditional single treatment methods are all designed to meet the solid waste treatment goals at that time. For example, incineration is mainly for volume reduction and harmlessness; pyrolysis is for the resource recovery of a large category of organic solid waste, converting it into combustible gas, fixed carbon, and fuel oil; sintering is mainly used as a pretreatment for solid waste incineration and melting or for roasting and calcining for specific product targets; melting is mainly for the harmlessness and resource recovery of solid and hazardous waste.

[0003] The above heat treatment methods all have certain drawbacks, as follows:

[0004] Incineration: High energy consumption, tailings and fly ash require further treatment, incomplete harmlessness, and no resource recovery; Pyrolysis: Only suitable for the resource recovery of specific categories of organic solid waste, unable to adapt to complex and diverse types of integrated solid waste and hazardous waste, and also has the problem of secondary treatment of tailings and fly ash; Sintering: Used for the productization treatment of specific inorganic solid waste, or pretreatment of solid waste incineration and melting (volume reduction, drying, conversion of powder into granules or blocks), the product does not reach the molten glass state; Melting: Direct disposal of solid waste is energy-intensive and uneconomical.

[0005] In existing technologies, some technicians set up two or more heat treatment technologies in the upstream and downstream of the process, and use multiple independent heat treatment devices in one heat treatment system to heat treat solid waste in sequence. Such multi-stage heat treatment systems can treat solid waste more thoroughly, but they will result in the heat treatment system occupying too much space, and setting up multiple independent process links in the same heat treatment system will also lead to increased treatment costs. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems of excessive footprint and high operating costs in existing multi-stage heat treatment systems, this invention provides an integrated solid waste pyrolysis and melting system that can thoroughly decompose solid waste at a lower cost and has a smaller footprint.

[0007] The structure of this utility model is as follows: a solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system, comprising: a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a melting furnace, and a secondary combustion chamber, characterized in that:

[0008] The pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the secondary combustion chamber are both located above the melting furnace, and the slag discharge channel of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected to the material inlet of the melting furnace;

[0009] The bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with an air guide scraper structure and a discharge hopper; the waste material to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is piled up above the air guide scraper structure, and the air guide scraper structure is connected to the discharge hopper; the discharge hopper has a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and a slag discharge channel is provided at the bottom to connect to the melting furnace.

[0010] The top of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with a pyrolysis flue gas outlet, and the pyrolysis flue gas outlet is provided with two flue gas pipes, one of which is connected to the melting furnace and the other of which is connected to the fuel air inlet at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber.

[0011] The molten flue gas outlet of the melting furnace is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue gas inlet located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber; the secondary combustion chamber flue gas outlet is located on the top side of the secondary combustion chamber;

[0012] The melting furnace is provided with a flue gas bypass outlet, which is connected to the heat source gas inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace via a flue gas pipeline.

[0013] Its further features are:

[0014] The air guide scraper structure includes: a rotary drive motor, a rotary support shaft, and grate bars;

[0015] The grate bar has an inverted bowl-shaped arched hollow structure with a high center and low sides, and gaps are left between adjacent grate bars. The arched part of the grate bar faces the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The bottom of the grate bar is rotatably installed on the bottom plate of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The waste to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is piled up above the arched part of the grate bar.

[0016] The top of the rotating support shaft is located at the center of the air guide scraper structure, and the rotating drive motor drives the air guide scraper structure to rotate relative to the furnace body of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace based on the rotating support shaft;

[0017] The pyrolysis carbonization furnace has a burner installed on the bottom side and a waste inlet installed on the top. The material column areas in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, from bottom to top, are: sintering zone, pyrolysis incineration zone, and drying preheating zone.

[0018] The top of the melting furnace is provided with a hot slag inlet, a molten flue gas outlet, and an auxiliary material feeding port; the side wall of the furnace body is provided from top to bottom with: a flue gas bypass outlet, a secondary air inlet, and a primary air inlet;

[0019] The inner cavity of the melting furnace is divided into a gas phase zone, a melting reaction zone, and a molten pool zone from top to bottom. The gas phase zone is used for partial secondary combustion of the molten flue gas and is located above the secondary air inlet. The molten pool zone is used for temporary storage of the melt and is located below the primary air inlet. The melting reaction zone is used for high-temperature melting reaction of the material and is located between the primary air inlet and the molten liquid surface.

[0020] The flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber and the molten flue gas outlet of the molten furnace are connected by a transition section that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and a combustion-supporting air device for the secondary combustion chamber is installed above the transition section.

[0021] This application provides an integrated solid waste pyrolysis and melting treatment system that combines a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a melting furnace, and a secondary combustion chamber in a top-down configuration, reducing the system's footprint. A guide air scraper structure is installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The pyrolysis carbonides generated after the pyrolysis reaction in the furnace are crushed by the guide air scraper structure to obtain pyrolysis slag. No additional processing equipment is needed. The pyrolysis slag is fed directly into the melting furnace in a hot state without cooling for further heating and melting. This not only shortens the material handling process but also avoids the waste of residual heat from the slag's direct melting. Since the feed to the melting furnace is high-temperature hot slag, less heat is required to raise the slag to the melting temperature. Furthermore, the fixed carbon produced by pyrolysis in the hot slag can serve as a fuel source, further reducing the fuel required for melting and significantly lowering the construction and operating costs of the heat treatment system. Simultaneously, because the hot slag reduces the heat requirement for melting (i.e., the melting process does not require large amounts of oxygen and fuel), the required oxygen concentration in the combustion air is also reduced, lowering the combustion cost of the melting furnace. Two flue gas ducts are installed at the pyrolysis flue gas emission outlet: one connects to the secondary air inlet of the melting furnace, and the other connects to the fuel air inlet at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber. Because the pyrolysis flue gas contains combustible gas, it can be used as fuel for melting in the melting furnace, saving fuel consumption in the melting furnace. Another portion of the pyrolysis flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber, where combustible components are further burned and harmful substances are decomposed at high temperatures, eliminating the need for additional fuel in the secondary combustion chamber and reducing system operating costs. A portion of the molten flue gas is bypassed and used as a heat source for the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, ensuring effective utilization of waste heat. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace requires no other additional heat source, further reducing system operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated solid waste pyrolysis and melting treatment system.

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The magnified structure at point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 3 Example 1 of a comb structure;

[0025] Figure 4 Example 2 of a comb structure;

[0026] Figure 5 Example 3 is a comb structure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, this application includes an integrated solid waste pyrolysis and melting treatment system, which includes: a pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1, a melting furnace 2 and a secondary combustion chamber 3.

[0028] The pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 3 are located above the melting furnace 2. The slag discharge channel 104 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is connected to the material inlet of the melting furnace 2. The molten flue gas outlet 202 of the melting furnace 2 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue gas inlet located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 3. The secondary combustion chamber flue gas outlet 302 is located on the top side of the secondary combustion chamber 3.

[0029] In this embodiment, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is a vertical cylindrical structure with a burner 103 installed on the bottom side and a waste inlet 101 at the top. The waste to be processed enters through the waste inlet 101 and forms a column of material inside the furnace. The column of material inside the pyrolysis carbonization furnace consists of three zones from bottom to top: a sintering zone, a pyrolysis incineration zone, and a drying and preheating zone, with corresponding temperatures decreasing from high to low. In specific applications, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 in this application has an internal temperature of 800 degrees Celsius or higher.

[0030] The bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is equipped with an air guide scraper structure 4 and a discharge hopper 5. The waste material to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace accumulates above the air guide scraper structure, which is connected to the discharge hopper. The burner 103 is located on one side of the sintering zone at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace and is used for ignition during the start-up stage and for periodic heat compensation when the heat is insufficient. The air guide scraper structure, through its hollow structure, facilitates the introduction of air and heat source flue gas from the melting furnace from the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, allowing the pyrolysis reaction in the sintering zone at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace to occur fully. At the same time, the carbides produced after sintering are scraped off by the air guide scraper structure and fall from the edge or through its own gaps into the discharge hopper 5.

[0031] The air guide scraper structure 4 includes: a rotary drive motor 401, a rotary support shaft 402, and grate bars 403; the grate bars 403 are generally hollow structures with an inverted bowl-shaped arch that is high in the middle and low on both sides, with gaps between adjacent grate bars 403, and the arched parts of the grate bars 403 facing the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1; the bottom of the grate bars 403 is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 103 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace; the waste material 6 to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 is piled up above the arched parts of the grate bars 403; the top of the rotary support shaft 402 is set at the center of the air guide scraper structure, and the rotary drive motor 401 drives the air guide scraper structure to rotate relative to the furnace body of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace based on the rotary support shaft 402.

[0032] During operation of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the high-temperature carbides sintered at the bottom of the material column of the waste to be processed 6 are scraped and broken by the grate bars 403. The high-temperature broken material is thrown off the edge of the grate bars as the inverted bowl-shaped grate bars 403 rotate and discharged into the discharge hopper 5. The discharge hopper 5 has a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to collect the broken material falling from the top and discharge it into the melting furnace 2 through the slag discharge channel 104 set at the bottom.

[0033] The specific shape of the grate bar 403, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the grating bars can be radiating outwards from the center, a mesh structure, or a structure where all the grating bars are parallel. The processing is based on actual needs. After processing, the grating bars are rotatably mounted on the base plate 103 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace using a bearing structure.

[0034] In this application, the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 takes place at the bottom of its furnace cavity, while partial pyrolysis and partial combustion occur in the middle pyrolysis and incineration zone, and only preheating and drying occur in the top drying and preheating zone. The pyrolysis flue gas discharged from the top contains a large amount of carbon monoxide, which is a combustible gas. Therefore, a pyrolysis flue gas discharge port 102 is provided at the top of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1. The pyrolysis flue gas discharge port 102 is equipped with two flue gas pipes, one of which connects to the secondary air inlet 205 of the melting furnace 2, and the other connects to the fuel air inlet at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 3. After being drawn out by the induced draft fan 7, the pyrolysis flue gas is sent to the melting furnace 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 3 respectively. Because the pyrolysis flue gas contains combustible gas, it can be used as fuel for melting after being fed into the melting furnace, saving fuel consumption in the melting furnace. Another part of the pyrolysis flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber together with the molten flue gas discharged from the molten flue gas outlet 202. The combustible components (such as carbon monoxide) are further burned, and harmful substances (such as dioxins) are decomposed at high temperature. The secondary combustion chamber does not require additional fuel, further reducing the system operating cost.

[0035] The melting furnace 2 is a horizontal structure with a rectangular cross-section. The top of the furnace is equipped with a hot slag inlet 201, a molten flue gas outlet 202, and an auxiliary material feeding port 203. The side wall of the furnace body is equipped with, from top to bottom, a flue gas bypass outlet 204, a secondary air inlet 205, and a primary air inlet 207.

[0036] The inner cavity of the melting furnace 2 is divided into a gas phase zone, a melting reaction zone, and a molten pool zone from top to bottom. The gas phase zone is used for partial secondary combustion of the molten flue gas and contains a large amount of high-temperature flue gas. It is located above the secondary air inlet 205 and extends from the secondary air inlet upwards to the inner side of the furnace top. The molten pool zone is used for temporary storage of the melt and is located below the primary air inlet 207. The melting reaction zone is used for the high-temperature melting reaction of the material and is located between the primary air inlet 207 and the molten liquid surface. When the melting furnace is initially started, fuel is placed at the bottom of the molten pool zone. The material falls down and immediately melts, forming a molten pool. After the molten pool is formed, heat accumulates. Subsequently, only a small amount of fuel needs to be slowly added to compensate for the heat loss and maintain the temperature.

[0037] Hot slag fragments falling into the hot slag inlet 201 fall into the bottom molten pool area and are melted by the high temperature of the molten zone. After the hot slag melts, the organic matter and fuel will be gasified and rise to the gas phase zone, while the inorganic matter melts and remains in the bottom molten zone.

[0038] Because the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 requires a large amount of heat energy, the pyrolysis temperature in this embodiment is around 800 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, the flue gas in the gas phase zone of the melting furnace 2 has a very low oxygen content and a high temperature of 1200-1400 degrees Celsius, making it very suitable as a heat source for pyrolysis. Therefore, the melting furnace 2 is equipped with a flue gas bypass outlet 204, which is connected to the heat source gas inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace via a flue gas pipe. Part of the molten flue gas is used as the heat source for pyrolysis via the flue gas bypass outlet 204, ensuring effective utilization of the waste heat from the flue gas.

[0039] In this embodiment, the gas phase zone of the melting furnace adopts an insulating refractory material or a water jacket + refractory material structure, the melting reaction zone adopts a copper water jacket structure, and the molten pool zone adopts an insulating refractory material. The melting furnace has a vitreous slag outlet 206 and a slag chute on the upper side of the molten pool zone. A metal discharge outlet or emergency slag discharge outlet is provided on the side at the bottom of the molten pool zone. Compared to single incineration, the output of this system is vitreous slag, which does not have issues such as reduced yield, leaching toxicity, heavy metals, or dioxins. It is a harmless, resource-recoverable solid material, avoiding the need for secondary landfill or further melting treatment of ash produced by incineration. In practical applications, valuable metals in the solid waste can accumulate at the bottom of the melting furnace, achieving a certain level of metal extraction and generating some revenue.

[0040] To ensure that the slag output from the melting furnace meets the requirements, a certain amount of melting aids (containing calcium, silicon, and iron, and auxiliary fuel if necessary) needs to be added through the auxiliary material feed port 203 at the top of the melting furnace, based on the melting batching system 305. Fly ash generated from downstream flue gas treatment is also added through the auxiliary material feed port.

[0041] The secondary combustion chamber 3 is connected to the molten flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 3 and the molten flue gas outlet 202 of the molten furnace 2 by a narrow transition section 301 with a wider top. A secondary combustion chamber auxiliary air device 304 is installed above the transition section 301. The flue gas discharged from the molten flue gas outlet 202 enters the secondary combustion chamber 3 through the narrow transition section 301. The gas diffuses and mixes thoroughly with the auxiliary air supplied by the secondary combustion chamber auxiliary air device 304, improving the combustion efficiency in the secondary combustion chamber.

[0042] Typically, the secondary combustion chamber 3 needs to be maintained at around 1100 degrees Celsius to achieve complete decomposition of organic matter and harmful substances. The flue gas temperature sent from the gas phase zone of the melting furnace 2 is around 1300 degrees Celsius, which is enough heat for the secondary combustion chamber to use. Therefore, a portion of the heat can be used as a heat source for pyrolysis. The secondary combustion chamber does not need to add any other heat source. The heat in the flue gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber is recovered through boilers and other means.

[0043] The process for treating waste materials based on the above-mentioned integrated solid waste pyrolysis and melting system includes the following steps.

[0044] S1: The waste material 6 to be processed is sent into the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 1 for pretreatment;

[0045] In the pretreatment process, the waste material 6 to be treated undergoes a pyrolysis reaction. Some of the organic components in the waste are converted into combustible gas and enter the pyrolysis flue gas, while the other part of the organic components are carbonized into fixed carbon and enter the pyrolysis residue together with the inorganic components.

[0046] S2: The pyrolysis residue is fed directly into the melting furnace 2 in a hot state without cooling for further heating and melting; the pyrolysis flue gas containing combustible gas is sent into the secondary combustion chamber 3 for secondary incineration and decomposition.

[0047] In step S2, a portion of the pyrolysis flue gas containing combustible gas is drawn out and sent together with secondary air through secondary air inlet 205 into the melting furnace 2 as a combustion aid.

[0048] S3: The high-temperature molten flue gas generated in the melting furnace 2 is sent to the secondary combustion chamber 3 for secondary combustion and decomposition.

[0049] Valuable metals in waste material 6 are deposited and accumulated at the bottom of the melting furnace 2, while other solids generated after the melting reaction are discharged as slag in the form of glass.

[0050] A portion of the high-temperature molten flue gas generated in the melting furnace 2 is drawn into the pyrolysis carbonization furnace as a pyrolysis heat source and combustion air.

[0051] S4: The flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber 3 is burned for a second time, and the resulting secondary combustion flue gas is sent to the subsequent flue gas treatment system for purification before being discharged.

[0052] In this application, pyrolysis is used as a pretreatment of the material and melting is used as a subsequent disposal method. Compared with directly melting the material, pyrolysis and melting are combined to treat solid and hazardous waste, making full use of the material's own calorific value, while the waste heat of the high-temperature melting flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source, which greatly improves the operating cost.

[0053] Compared to the existing two-stage solid waste treatment method, which involves first pyrolyzing or incinerating the material and then processing the cold slag in a melting furnace, this invention has a shorter process, directly melts the hot slag to avoid waste of residual heat, and contains a large amount of fixed carbon in the pyrolysis slag that can be used as fuel for downstream melting, thus resulting in lower construction and operating costs.

[0054] In this application, the pyrolysis process converts some organic components into combustible gas that enters the flue gas, while other organic components are carbonized into fixed carbon that enters the pyrolysis slag. The pyrolysis slag is fed directly into a melting furnace in a hot state without cooling for further heating and melting. The pyrolysis flue gas containing combustible gas is finally mixed with the high-temperature flue gas from the downstream melting furnace and fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber. A portion of the high-temperature flue gas from the melting furnace is drawn into a pyrolysis carbonization furnace as a pyrolysis heat source and combustion air. The sensible heat of this molten flue gas serves as the heat source for pyrolysis, and this flue gas contains a small amount of oxygen, which can participate in the pyrolysis reaction. This utility model, through an integrated pyrolysis and melting process, directly converts complex comprehensive solid hazardous waste into vitreous slag. The vitreous slag meets the requirements of national standard GB41015 and can be further utilized for resource recovery.

Claims

1. A solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system, comprising: The pyrolysis carbonization furnace, melting furnace, and secondary combustion chamber are characterized by: The pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the secondary combustion chamber are both located above the melting furnace, and the slag discharge channel of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected to the material inlet of the melting furnace; The bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with an air guide scraper structure and a discharge hopper; the waste material to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is piled up above the air guide scraper structure, and the air guide scraper structure is connected to the discharge hopper; the discharge hopper has a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and a slag discharge channel is provided at the bottom to connect to the melting furnace. The top of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is provided with a pyrolysis flue gas outlet, and the pyrolysis flue gas outlet is provided with two flue gas pipes, one of which is connected to the melting furnace and the other of which is connected to the fuel air inlet at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber. The molten flue gas outlet of the melting furnace is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue gas inlet located at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber; the secondary combustion chamber flue gas outlet is located on the top side of the secondary combustion chamber; The melting furnace is provided with a flue gas bypass outlet, which is connected to the heat source gas inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace via a flue gas pipeline.

2. The solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air guide scraper structure includes: a rotary drive motor, a rotary support shaft, and grate bars; The grate bar has an inverted bowl-shaped arched hollow structure with a high center and low sides, and gaps are left between adjacent grate bars. The arched part of the grate bar faces the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The bottom of the grate bar is rotatably installed on the bottom plate of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The waste to be processed in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is piled up above the arched part of the grate bar. The top of the rotating support shaft is located at the center of the air guide and scraper structure, and the rotating drive motor drives the air guide and scraper structure to rotate relative to the furnace body of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace based on the rotating support shaft.

3. The solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burner is installed on the bottom side of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace; the waste inlet is installed on the top; the material column areas in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace from bottom to top are: sintering zone, pyrolysis incineration zone, and drying preheating zone.

4. The solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the melting furnace is provided with a hot slag inlet, a molten flue gas outlet, and an auxiliary material feeding port; the side wall of the furnace body is provided from top to bottom with: a flue gas bypass outlet, a secondary air inlet, and a primary air inlet; The inner cavity of the melting furnace is divided into a gas phase zone, a melting reaction zone, and a molten pool zone from top to bottom. The gas phase zone is used for partial secondary combustion of the molten flue gas and is located above the secondary air inlet. The molten pool zone is used for temporary storage of the melt and is located below the primary air inlet. The melting reaction zone is used for high-temperature melting reaction of the material and is located between the primary air inlet and the molten liquid surface.

5. The solid waste pyrolysis and melting integrated treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber and the molten flue gas outlet of the molten furnace are connected by a transition section that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and a combustion-supporting air device for the secondary combustion chamber is installed above the transition section.

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