Distance measuring equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses distance measuring equipment, which relates to the field of instrument measurement, integrates a distance measuring module and a double-color laser indicating module, detects the distance between the distance measuring equipment and a target object by using the distance measuring module, and comprises a visible laser component and an infrared laser component, the visible laser component is used for emitting visible laser, and the infrared laser component is used for emitting infrared laser. The visible laser can be directly observed by human eyes, and the infrared laser emitted by the infrared laser assembly can be observed by a night vision device; by arranging the double-color laser indication module, the double functions of visible laser and infrared laser are integrated, different lasers can be used according to different scenes, the visible laser is used for irradiating a target object if direct observation is needed, and the infrared laser is used for irradiating the target object if concealment needs to be improved. When the infrared laser is used for indication and the distance measuring module is used for distance measurement at the same time, the two emitted laser beams cannot be directly observed by naked eyes, the target distance can be measured under the condition that the self position is not exposed, and higher concealment is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of instrument measurement, and more specifically to a distance measuring device. Background Technology

[0002] Rangefinders are commonly used in construction and outdoor hunting. However, because the laser wavelength of a rangefinder is an uncommon wavelength, it is impossible to see the laser with the naked eye or night vision devices. When there are multiple similar targets in the same line of sight, it is impossible to determine the specific target being measured by the rangefinder, which can easily lead to misunderstandings for the user.

[0003] Therefore, a visible indicator laser needs to be added next to the ranging laser. The indicator laser is parallel to the optical axis of the ranging laser and the distance between them is very close. During measurement, the target position can be determined by the position indicated by the indicator laser. Commonly used indicator lasers are green lasers or red lasers. When used at night, these two types of lasers have high brightness and are easily detected by the target, thus revealing the user's position.

[0004] For those skilled in the art, how to measure the distance to a target without revealing their own location is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0005] The core of this invention is to provide a ranging device that utilizes a dual-color laser indicator. It can selectively use visible laser or infrared laser as the indicating reference. Infrared laser is not visible to the naked eye, thus reducing the possibility of exposure. The specific solution is as follows:

[0006] A ranging device includes a ranging module and a dual-color laser indicator module;

[0007] The ranging module is used to detect the distance to the target object; the dual-color laser indicating module includes a visible laser component and an infrared laser component, the visible laser component is used to emit visible laser, and the infrared laser component is used to emit infrared laser that can be observed by an external night vision device.

[0008] Optionally, the visible laser component and the infrared laser component share the same transmission lens and emit light from the same output aperture;

[0009] The visible laser emitted by the visible laser component is either green or red.

[0010] Optionally, the ranging module is fixed to the bracket; the dual-color laser indicator module forms a spherical fit with the bracket, the dual-color laser indicator module can adjust the optical axis angle relative to the bracket, and the optical axis is positioned by a positioning component set on the bracket.

[0011] Optionally, along the laser emission direction, the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module is provided with a spherical surface, or the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module is provided with a spherical surface, or the middle area of ​​the dual-color laser indicator module is provided with a spherical protrusion.

[0012] Optionally, the positioning assembly includes an adjusting spring and two adjusting screws, with the two ends of the adjusting spring respectively pressing against the bracket and the dual-color laser indicator module;

[0013] The two adjusting screws are threaded onto the bracket and can press against the dual-color laser indicator module. The adjusting spring and the adjusting screws interact to cause the dual-color laser indicator module to rotate around the spherical surface.

[0014] Optionally, the adjusting spring is located on the side closer to the ranging module, and the adjusting screw is located on the side farther away from the ranging module;

[0015] The two adjusting screws apply symmetrical forces about the horizontal plane to the dual-color laser indicator module from above and below, respectively.

[0016] Optionally, the adjusting spring and the adjusting screw are respectively coated with UV adhesive and pre-cured with ultraviolet light;

[0017] The dual-color laser indicator module and the bracket are reinforced and fixed together by a curing adhesive.

[0018] Optionally, the positioning component includes a ball head shell and a tightening nut, wherein the spherical surface of the dual-color laser indicator module is embedded in the ball head shell, and the tightening nut is used to tighten with the ball head shell to lock the dual-color laser indicator module.

[0019] Optionally, the ranging module is fixedly mounted to the bracket by fixing screws.

[0020] Optionally, the ranging module and the bracket are reinforced and fixed together by a curing adhesive.

[0021] This invention provides a ranging device that integrates a ranging module and a dual-color laser indicator module. The ranging module detects the distance to a target object, while the dual-color laser indicator module includes a visible laser component and an infrared laser component. The visible laser component emits visible laser light, which can be directly observed by the human eye, while the infrared laser component emits infrared laser light, which can be observed by night vision devices. By setting up a dual-color laser indicator module, the device integrates the dual functions of visible and infrared lasers, allowing different lasers to be used depending on the scenario. If direct observation is required, the visible laser is used to illuminate the target object; if enhanced concealment is needed, the infrared laser is used. When both the infrared laser is used for indication and the ranging module is used for distance measurement, neither of the emitted laser beams can be directly observed by the naked eye, allowing for target distance measurement without revealing the user's position, thus providing higher concealment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the various components of the ranging device of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is an axonometric view of the oblique frontal perspective of the distance measuring device of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an axonometric view of the distance measuring device of this utility model from the oblique rear angle.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the dual-color laser indicator module and its bracket;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the ball head shell and the tightening nut.

[0028] The image includes:

[0029] Distance measuring module 1, fixing screw 11, dual-color laser indicator module 2, transmission lens 21, visible laser component 22, infrared laser component 23, light output hole 24, bracket 3, top wall 31, support wall 32, positioning component 4, adjusting spring 41, adjusting screw 42, ball head shell 43, spherical surface 431, threaded column 432, deformation notch 433, tightening nut 44. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the ranging device of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Combination Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a ranging device, including a ranging module 1 and a dual-color laser indicator module 2; the ranging module 1 is used to detect the distance between itself and the target object; the ranging module 1 adopts laser ranging, and the laser emitted by it cannot be observed by the naked eye or night vision devices, so it can measure the distance between the ranging module 1 and the target object.

[0032] The dual-color laser indicator module 2 includes a visible laser component 22 and an infrared laser component 23, which are integrated into one unit. The visible laser component 22 is used to emit visible laser light, which can be directly observed by the naked eye. The visible laser component 22 emits laser light towards the target object. The laser light axis emitted by the visible laser component 22 is parallel to the laser light axis of the ranging module 1, and the distance between the two perpendicular to the light axis is very close. The spot of light illuminated by the laser light emitted by the visible laser component 22 represents the target object, and the ranging module 1 detects the distance of the target object.

[0033] Infrared laser component 23 is used to emit infrared laser that can be observed by an external night vision device. That is, the laser emitted by infrared laser component 23 cannot be directly observed by the naked eye and requires the assistance of a night vision device for observation. Infrared laser component 23 emits laser towards the target object. The laser optical axis emitted by infrared laser component 23 is parallel to the laser optical axis of ranging module 1, and the distance between the two perpendicular to the optical axis is very close. With the assistance of the night vision device, the light spot illuminated by the laser emitted by infrared laser component 23 represents the target object, and ranging module 1 detects the distance of the target object.

[0034] This invention integrates both visible and infrared laser functions by setting a dual-color laser indicator module 2. Different lasers can be used depending on the scenario. If direct observation is required, the visible laser is used to illuminate the target object, such as during the day or without night vision devices. The visible laser is used to indicate the target object, and the distance to the target object is detected with the help of the ranging module 1. If greater concealment is required, the infrared laser is used to illuminate the target object. When both the infrared laser is used for indication and the ranging module is used for distance measurement, neither of the emitted laser beams can be directly observed by the naked eye. Furthermore, the infrared laser can be observed with the help of night vision devices, and it cannot be perceived by the target object with the naked eye. The target distance can be measured without revealing the user's own position, thus providing higher concealment.

[0035] Combination Figure 4As shown, the dual-color laser indicating module 2 includes a transmission lens 21, a visible laser component 22, and an infrared laser component 23. The visible laser component 22 emits either a green or red laser, meaning the dual-color laser indicating module 2 is a combined laser device for both green and infrared laser indication, or a combined laser device for both red and infrared laser indication. Commonly used indicating lasers are green or red lasers. However, these lasers are too bright for nighttime use, making them easily detectable and revealing the user's position. Therefore, an infrared indicating laser is added. In specific situations, the infrared laser can be used to indicate the target while simultaneously observing through a night vision device, allowing for target distance measurement without revealing the user's position.

[0036] The visible laser component 22 and the infrared laser component 23 share the same transmission lens 21. The dual-color laser indicator module 2 is equipped with the transmission lens 21. The laser emission directions of the two emitters, visible laser component 22 and infrared laser component 23, are perpendicular. One laser beam is reflected after illuminating the transmission lens 21, while the other laser beam is refracted after illuminating the transmission lens 21. Figure 4 As shown, the visible laser component 22 emits laser light perpendicular to the optical axis, while the infrared laser component 23 emits laser light parallel to the optical axis. Both the infrared and visible laser light sources are reflected and refracted by the transmission lens 21 before being emitted from the same light-emitting aperture 24. The two optical paths can overlap or have slight offsets. The switching between the two laser light sources is controlled by an external circuit and can be freely switched. After aligning the two-in-one laser unit with the ranging laser of the ranging module, it is fixed by a bracket. During use, adjusting the bracket allows for synchronous adjustment of the ranging laser and the indicating laser, while simultaneously using the position of the indicating laser for target positioning.

[0037] The ranging device of this utility model also includes a bracket 3, which is a fixed support structure. The ranging module 1 and the dual-color laser indicator module 2 are respectively installed on the bracket 3. During assembly, the ranging module 1 is fixed to the bracket 3, so that the ranging module 1 and the bracket 3 remain relatively fixed. The dual-color laser indicator module 2 and the bracket 3 form a spherical fit, that is, spherical surfaces are respectively set on the dual-color laser indicator module 2 and the bracket 3, the centers of the two spheres coincide, and the two spherical structures are in contact with each other, thereby forming a spherical contact fit. The dual-color laser indicator module 2 and the bracket 3 can rotate relative to each other through the two spherical surfaces, with the center of rotation being the center of the sphere.

[0038] The dual-color laser indicator module 2 can adjust the optical axis angle relative to the bracket 3, including adjusting the vertical tilt angle and horizontal deflection angle of the optical axis of the dual-color laser indicator module 2. The ranging module 1 is first fixed to the bracket 3, and then the dual-color laser indicator module 2 is adjusted and assembled. During adjustment, the optical axis direction of the ranging module 1 is used as a reference to make the optical axis of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 parallel to the optical axis of the ranging module 1. The optical axis is positioned by the positioning component 4 set on the bracket 3 to keep the two optical axes parallel.

[0039] The object being measured is indicated by the dual-color laser pointer module 2. The object, indicated by the laser emitted by the dual-color laser pointer module 2, can be visually observed, either directly with the naked eye or with the aid of night vision devices. The distance to the object is detected by the ranging module 1. When the dual-color laser pointer module 2 is indicating the object, it provides the user with accurate position information of the object. This utility model integrates the ranging module 1 and the dual-color laser pointer module 2 into a single unit on the bracket 3. Only one leveling adjustment is required during assembly, and subsequent adjustments to the ranging module 1 and the dual-color laser pointer module 2 are not necessary during subsequent use, simplifying the usage process.

[0040] Regarding the assembly method of the dual-color laser pointer module 2 and the bracket 3, different options are possible:

[0041] 1) Along the laser emission direction, a spherical surface is set at the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2, combined with... Figure 4 As shown, the laser is emitted to the right, with the right side representing the laser's emission direction; the right end face of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 is set as a spherical surface. Figure 4 S1 is the convex spherical surface of the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and S2 is the concave spherical surface of the bracket 3. The bracket 3 needs to have a solid structure at the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 to accommodate the concave spherical surface. The two spherical surfaces are fitted together so that the dual-color laser indicator module 2 rotates around the center of the sphere relative to the bracket 3. In this structure, the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 ( Figure 4 The left end is the free-moving end, and the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 rotates around the spherical surface at the front end.

[0042] 2) Along the laser emission direction, a spherical surface is provided at the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2. This is not shown in the attached drawings, but it is similar to the case where it is provided at the front end. A convex spherical surface is provided at the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and a solid structure is provided on the bracket 3 at the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 to provide a concave spherical surface. The two spherical surfaces are fitted together so that the dual-color laser indicator module 2 can rotate around the center of the sphere relative to the bracket 3. In this structure, the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 is a free-moving end, and the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 rotates around the spherical surface at the rear end.

[0043] 3) A spherical protrusion is provided in the middle area of ​​the dual-color laser indicator module 2 along the laser emission direction. This case is not shown in the attached drawings. Unlike the above two cases, a spherical surface is provided in the middle area of ​​the dual-color laser indicator module 2. A radially convex spherical protrusion is provided in the middle area of ​​the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and a solid structure is provided on the bracket 3 at the position in the middle area of ​​the dual-color laser indicator module 2 to provide a concave annular spherical structure. The two spherical surfaces are fitted together so that the dual-color laser indicator module 2 rotates around the center of the sphere relative to the bracket 3. In this structure, both the front and rear ends of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 are free-moving ends, and both ends of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 rotate around the spherical surface in the middle.

[0044] Specifically, the positioning component 4 used in this utility model includes an adjusting spring 41 and two adjusting screws 42, which work together to adjust and position the dual-color laser indicator module 2.

[0045] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the two ends of the adjusting spring 41 rest against the bracket 3 and the dual-color laser indicator module 2, respectively. The adjusting spring 41 is pressed against the bracket 3 and the dual-color laser indicator module 2, creating an elastic thrust on the dual-color laser indicator module 2. The direction of the elastic thrust is perpendicular to the optical axis. The adjusting screw 42 has an external thread, and the bracket 3 has a screw hole. The two adjusting screws 42 are screwed onto the bracket 3. When the adjusting screw 42 rotates relative to the bracket 3, it can translate relative to the bracket 3. The ends of the adjusting screws 42 rest against the side wall of the dual-color laser indicator module 2. The force exerted by each adjusting screw 42 on the dual-color laser indicator module 2 is perpendicular to the optical axis of the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and the forces of the two adjusting screws 42 form an angle. The interaction between the adjusting spring 41 and the adjusting screw 42 causes the dual-color laser indicator module 2 to rotate around a spherical surface.

[0046] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the adjusting spring 41 is located on the side close to the ranging module 1, and the adjusting screw 42 is located on the side away from the ranging module 1; a top wall 31 is provided on the bracket 3, and the top wall 31 is located between the dual-color laser indicator module 2 and the ranging module 1. The end of the adjusting spring 41 rests on the surface of the top wall 31, and the adjusting spring 41 applies a horizontal force to the dual-color laser indicator module 2.

[0047] A support wall 32 is provided on the bracket 3, such as Figure 3As shown, two support walls 32 are provided, and each adjusting screw 42 is installed on one support wall 32. Screw holes are provided at an angle on the support wall 32. The two adjusting screws 42 apply symmetrical forces about the horizontal plane to the dual-color laser indicator module 2 from above and below, respectively. The two adjusting screws 42 can also apply opposing vertical components of force to the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and together they apply a horizontal component of force towards the adjusting spring 41. The independent provision of the two support walls 32 helps to reduce weight, but the possibility of using only one support wall 32 is not excluded.

[0048] After adjusting the optical axis of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 and the optical axis of the ranging module 1 to be parallel by adjusting screw 42, UV glue is applied to adjusting spring 41 and adjusting screw 42 respectively and pre-cured with ultraviolet lamp to prevent displacement during later operation; finally, the dual-color laser indicator module 2 and bracket 3 are reinforced and fixed by curing glue to achieve final fixation, for example, AB glue is used for reinforcement to prevent the UV glue from falling off and causing the optical axis to shift when subjected to impact.

[0049] Besides using the adjusting spring 41 and adjusting screw 42 as the positioning component 4 as described above, the positioning component 4 can also adopt other structural forms. Figure 5 The positioning component 4 includes a ball-shaped housing 43 and a tightening nut 44. The spherical structure of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 is embedded in the ball-shaped housing 43. The tightening nut 44 is used to tighten with the ball-shaped housing 43 to lock the dual-color laser indicator module 2. The ball-shaped housing 43 includes a spherical surface 431 and a threaded post 432. Deformation notches 433 are provided on the spherical surface 431 and the threaded post 432. The deformation notches 433 divide the threaded post 432 into several independent parts and divide the spherical surface 431 into several cantilever sections. When the tightening nut 44 is tightened onto the threaded post 432, the cantilever sections can be contracted and deformed, thereby compressing the spherical surface of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 and thus achieving fixation. The ball-shaped housing 43 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 3. This structure can also realize the function of rotating and adjusting the dual-color laser indicator module 2.

[0050] Combination Figure 1 The ranging module 1 is fixedly assembled to the bracket 3 by fixing screws 11. The ranging module 1 is fixedly assembled to the bracket 3 first, and after it is fixed in place, there is no need to adjust the ranging module 1. The fixing effect is reinforced by several fixing screws 11. The fixing between the ranging module 1 and the bracket 3 is reinforced with curing adhesive, and 704 adhesive can be used for fixing, to further prevent displacement when subjected to impact.

[0051] The bracket 3 has a base plate structure that serves as a support for the ranging module 1. Fixing screws 11 are installed on this base plate to secure the ranging module 1. After assembly, the ranging module 1, the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and the bracket 3 are fixed together. Only the bracket 3 needs to be adjusted to move the ranging module 1 and the dual-color laser indicator module 2 synchronously.

[0052] Assembly shall be performed according to the following procedure:

[0053] The bracket 3 serves as the installation reference for the entire adjustment mechanism. After the ranging module 1 and the bracket 3 are installed, they are firmly connected by fixing screws 11. At the same time, 704 silicone is applied along the connection between the ranging module 1 and the bracket 3 to increase the connection strength between the two and prevent the ranging module 1 from shifting due to strong impact during use, which would affect the overall measurement accuracy.

[0054] After the 704 adhesive between the ranging module 1 and the bracket 3 has cured and the connection between them has been tightened, the adjusting spring 41, the dual-color laser indicator module 2, and the adjusting screw 42 are installed onto the bracket 3 for assembly and adjustment. First, treat the entire mechanism as a whole and adjust the light spot emitted by the ranging module 1 to the center position of the collimator. Then, fix the bracket 3. At this time, the ranging laser position of the ranging module 1 is fixed. Then, use a screwdriver to adjust the adjusting screws 42 located at the upper left and lower left of the tail of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 so that the visible laser emitted by the dual-color laser indicator module 2 coincides with the ranging laser of the ranging module 1 in the collimator. After adjustment, apply UV adhesive to the positions of the adjusting spring 41 and the adjusting screw 42 and pre-cur them with a UV lamp. After testing, the optical axes of the ranging laser of the ranging module 1 and the dual-color laser indicator module 2 remain parallel. Finally, apply AB glue to the connection between the dual-color laser indicator module 2 and the bracket 3 for reinforcement to prevent the UV adhesive from falling off and causing the optical axis to shift when subjected to impact.

[0055] During the assembly and adjustment process, the collimator is used to simulate the imaging position at infinity. At the junction of the support 3 and the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module 2, a ball-shaped socket is machined on the support 3. Similarly, a ball head of the same diameter is machined on the front end face of the dual-color laser indicator module 2. When the adjusting screw 42 drives the tail of the dual-color laser indicator module 2 to move, its front end face is always inside the ball-shaped socket of the support 1 and remains tangent, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the optical axis of the dual-color laser indicator module 2.

[0056] After the laser adjustment is completed, it can be adjusted as a whole in the range measuring machine. During adjustment, only the bracket 3 needs to be adjusted. The positions of the bracket 3, the range measuring module 1 and the dual-color laser indicator module 2 are relatively fixed. By observing the laser indication position emitted by the dual-color laser indicator module 2, the measurement target of the range measuring module 1 can be determined.

[0057] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A ranging device, characterized in that, It includes a ranging module (1) and a dual-color laser pointer module (2); The ranging module (1) is used to detect the distance between the target object and the target object; the dual-color laser indicator module (2) includes a visible laser component (22) and an infrared laser component (23). The visible laser component (22) is used to emit visible laser, and the infrared laser component (23) is used to emit infrared laser that can be observed by an external night vision device.

2. The ranging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible laser component (22) and the infrared laser component (23) share the same transmission lens (21) and emit light from the same light-emitting hole; The visible laser emitted by the visible laser component (22) is either a green laser or a red laser.

3. The ranging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ranging module (1) is fixed to the bracket (3); the dual-color laser indicator module (2) forms a spherical fit with the bracket (3), the dual-color laser indicator module (2) can adjust the optical axis angle relative to the bracket (3), and the optical axis is positioned by the positioning component (4) set on the bracket (3).

4. The ranging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Along the laser emission direction, the front end of the dual-color laser indicator module (2) is provided with a spherical surface, or the rear end of the dual-color laser indicator module (2) is provided with a spherical surface, or the middle area of ​​the dual-color laser indicator module (2) is provided with a spherical protrusion.

5. The ranging device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positioning component (4) includes an adjusting spring (41) and two adjusting screws (42), with the two ends of the adjusting spring (41) pressing against the bracket (3) and the dual-color laser indicator module (2), respectively. The two adjusting screws (42) are threaded onto the bracket (3) and can press against the dual-color laser indicator module (2). The adjusting spring (41) and the adjusting screws (42) interact to make the dual-color laser indicator module (2) rotate around the sphere.

6. The ranging device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjusting spring (41) is located on the side close to the ranging module (1), and the adjusting screw (42) is located on the side away from the ranging module (1). The two adjusting screws (42) apply forces symmetrical about the horizontal plane to the dual-color laser indicator module (2) from the upper and lower sides, respectively.

7. The ranging device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjusting spring (41) and the adjusting screw (42) are respectively coated with UV glue and pre-cured with ultraviolet light; The dual-color laser indicator module (2) and the bracket (3) are reinforced and fixed together by a curing adhesive.

8. The ranging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning component (4) includes a ball head shell (43) and a tightening nut (44). The spherical surface of the dual-color laser indicator module (2) is embedded in the ball head shell (43), and the tightening nut (44) is used to tighten with the ball head shell (43) to lock the dual-color laser indicator module (2).

9. The ranging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ranging module (1) is fixedly assembled to the bracket (3) by fixing screws (11).

10. The ranging device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The ranging module (1) and the bracket (3) are reinforced and fixed together by a curing adhesive.

Images