High-precision stem flow measuring device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-precision stem flow measuring device which comprises a support, a fixing box, a monitoring system and a power supply system, the fixing box is arranged on the support, at least one rainwater collecting barrel is arranged in the fixing box, the rainwater collecting barrel is used for containing rainwater and movably connected with the fixing box, the monitoring system is connected with the rainwater collecting barrel, and the power supply system is connected with the monitoring system. The monitoring system is used for monitoring various parameters of rainwater so as to accurately measure the trunk diameter flow, and the power supply system is arranged in the fixed box and connected with the monitoring system. According to the device, high-precision measurement of the stem flow can be achieved, measured data can be used for analyzing the dynamic change of the stem flow process in subrainfall, quantification of the stem flow under heavy rainfall can be achieved through the monitoring system, continuous power supply and use of the device can be achieved through the power supply system in the field, and high-precision measurement of the stem flow can be achieved. And meanwhile, the forest rainfall redistribution trunk runoff monitoring system is simple in overall structure and stable in performance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to forest hydrology technical field especially relates to a kind of high-precision stemflow measuring device of forest. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rainfall redistribution process is an important link of forest ecosystem water cycle, which provides an important way for the improvement of forest ecosystem water conservation function, and has important significance for regional water resources assessment. The rainfall redistribution process of forest ecosystem is that part of rainfall is evaporated back to the atmosphere through canopy interception, and the remaining rainfall reaches the ground surface in the form of throughfall and stemflow. Throughfall is mainly input to the ground surface in the form of surface source, while stemflow transports rainfall to the ground surface in the form of point source. Due to the action of tree bark, stemflow inputs more nutrients to the soil, and due to the action of vegetation root preferential flow, stemflow penetrates into deep soil through tree roots. Stemflow has important significance for water infiltration recharge, and the stemflow accounts for 2-20% of total rainfall, which is an important part of the water cycle process of ecological system. It has important significance for nutrient cycling and soil erosion of forest ecosystem, and this part of quantity needs to be accurately quantified and evaluated.

[0003] Currently, stemflow in forest ecosystem is mainly measured by artificial rain collection barrel or tipping bucket rain gauge. After each rainfall, the stemflow in the artificial rain collection barrel is measured. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and under extreme rainfall conditions, the artificial rain collection barrel can only measure stemflow for a certain period of time, and cannot monitor stemflow during the entire extreme rainfall process, thus bringing difficulties to the quantitative study of stemflow, and errors exist in the measurement process. Another method is to use tipping bucket rain gauge to measure stemflow, which realizes continuous measurement of stemflow. However, this method also has defects. Through previous observation experiments, it is found that the intensity of stemflow is much higher than the intensity of rainfall and throughfall. Under extreme rainfall conditions, since the intensity of stemflow is greater than the rainfall, the tipping bucket rain gauge usually underestimates the stemflow. In the past experimental research, a large amount of research has been conducted on stemflow of secondary rainfall, but currently there is less research on the process of stemflow of secondary rainfall under different rainfall types. Quantifying the process of stemflow of secondary rainfall has important significance for understanding the response of soil moisture to secondary rainfall and the formation process of slope runoff and vegetation transpiration water absorption process, therefore, the generation process of stemflow and the delay effect of stemflow need to be accurately quantified.

[0004] In the process of field experiment monitoring, the measurement device is difficult to carry, which affects the power supply data accuracy, especially in forest hydrology experiment monitoring research, insufficient light and power supply in forest will bring data loss. Therefore, for the monitoring of stemflow in forest, a new type of device is needed to solve the problem of underestimation of stemflow and instrument power supply, and to realize high-precision measurement of stemflow. SUMMARY

[0005] The utility model discloses to solve the problem of difficult to carry the measuring device, the stem runoff monitoring process stem runoff is underestimated, the data precision is lower, and the instrument power supply is insufficient, and a kind of high-precision stem runoff measuring device is presented.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

[0007] A kind of high-precision stem runoff measuring device, applied to stem runoff, comprising:

[0008] Support;

[0009] Fixed box, set on the support, the fixed box has at least one rain barrel in, the rain barrel is used to accommodate rainwater, and with the movable connection of the fixed box;

[0010] Monitoring system, connected with the rain barrel, the monitoring system is used to monitor each parameter of the rainwater, to realize the accurate determination of stem runoff;

[0011] Power supply system, set in the fixed box, and connected with the monitoring system.

[0012] Preferably, the contact surface of the fixed box and the support is provided with protrusion, the top surface of the support has the corresponding recess of the protrusion, so that the protrusion is connected with the recess, to realize the detachable connection of the support and the fixed box.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the rain barrel has a main pipeline, the main pipeline is an integral structure with the rain barrel, and the inside of the rain barrel is connected with the outside through the main pipeline.

[0014] Filter screen is arranged in the main pipeline, and the filter screen is used to filter dry branches and fallen leaves in the stem runoff.

[0015] Preferably, the end of the main pipeline away from the rain barrel is provided with a plurality of branch joints, and the plurality of branch joints are detachably connected with the main pipeline.

[0016] Preferably, hollow cylinder is arranged in the rain barrel, and raindrop light sensor is installed on the side wall of the hollow cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, along the height direction of the fixed box, the height of the rain barrel is less than the height size of the fixed box, and greater than the height of the hollow cylinder.

[0018] Preferably, automatic load-bearing system is arranged between the rain barrel and the support.

[0019] The bottom side wall of the rain collecting barrel is provided with an electromagnetic valve.

[0020] Preferably, when the water level of the rainwater reaches a preset state, the electromagnetic valve is opened to discharge the rainwater from the rain collecting barrel.

[0021] Preferably, the electromagnetic valve is a normally closed electromagnetic valve.

[0022] Preferably, the monitoring system comprises an infrared distance measuring device and a data collector, the infrared distance measuring device is connected with the data collector, the infrared distance measuring device is installed on the top of the rain collecting barrel, and the data collector is installed on the side wall of the rain collecting barrel.

[0023] Preferably, the power supply system comprises a solar controller, a storage battery and a solar panel, and the solar controller is electrically connected with the storage battery and the solar panel.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the rain collecting barrel has the following advantages

[0025] 1. The device can realize high-precision measurement of stemflow, and the measurement data can be used for analyzing the dynamic change of the stemflow process in subsequent rainfall.

[0026] 2. The bearing system and the infrared distance measuring device can realize quantification of stemflow under heavy rainfall, and solve the problem of underestimation of stemflow under extreme rainfall.

[0027] 3. The raindrop light sensor can monitor the stemflow generation time in real time, and the data collector and the controller can control the start time of the infrared distance measuring device and the bearing system, so that the power consumption of the instrument can be minimized, and long-term unattended monitoring of the stemflow redistribution of forest rainfall can be realized.

[0028] 4. The whole structure is simple and stable, and easy to assemble and disassemble, and can be used in the field.

[0029] 5. The data collector is provided with a storage card and a signal card, instrument data can be automatically transmitted to the cloud platform, and is suitable for long-term monitoring in the field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the stemflow measuring device in the application;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic view of the stemflow measuring device in the application;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic view of the stemflow measuring device in the application;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the bracket in the application;

[0034] Figure 5 Figure 1 is a top view of the trunk runoff measuring device in the present application.

[0035] In the figure: 1, support; 100, groove; 2, fixed box; 21, protrusion; 3, monitoring system; 31, infrared distance measuring equipment; 32, data collector; 4, power supply system; 41, solar controller; 42, storage battery; 43, solar panel; 5, rain barrel; 51, hollow cylinder; 6, main pipeline; 7, filter screen; 8, branch joint; 9, raindrop light sensor; 10, bearing system; 11, electromagnetic valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the feature vectors in the embodiments can be combined with each other at will.

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, a high-precision trunk runoff measuring device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings. According to the exemplary embodiments disclosed as shown in Figures 1 to 5 The high-precision trunk runoff measuring device applied to trunk runoff includes a support 1, a fixed box 2, a monitoring system 3 and a power supply system 4. The support 1 has a support structure, which can ensure that the measuring device can be stable for a long time in various harsh outdoor environments. The structure of the support 1 can be a circular structure, a cubic structure, a trapezoidal structure or the like, as long as it can support the fixed box 2. The fixed box 2 is arranged on the support 1, which can effectively prevent rainwater, dust and external objects from entering, and ensure the safety and stability of the internal systems. In an example, as shown in Figure 2 The fixed box 2 has a circular structure, a height of 50 cm and a diameter of 30 cm, which can effectively accommodate the rain barrel 5 and other systems, thereby ensuring safety.

[0038] Continuing to refer to Figures 1 to 5The fixed box 2 has at least one rainwater collecting barrel 5, which has a cylindrical structure and has a certain stability and a large space for accommodating rainwater. The rainwater collecting barrel 5 is movably connected with the fixed box 2, which can be magnetic connection or clamping connection, so as to facilitate installation and disassembly. The number of rainwater collecting barrels 5 can be one, three or the like, which is adaptively set according to the needs. The monitoring system 3 is connected with the rainwater collecting barrel 5, which is used for monitoring various parameters of rainwater, for example, the monitoring system 3 can be a water level sensor to detect the water level change of rainwater, and for example, the monitoring system 3 can be a flow meter to monitor the flow rate and flow of rainwater runoff into the rainwater collecting barrel, so as to realize accurate determination of runoff. The power supply system 4 is arranged in the fixed box 2 and connected with the monitoring system 3, and provides power for the monitoring system 3, so that the monitoring system 3 can work continuously and avoid data error and incomplete monitoring. The application can be suitable for long-term field monitoring under various climate conditions, and through advanced monitoring technology and efficient power supply system, long-term and accurate trunk runoff monitoring can be realized in the forest ecosystem, so as to reduce manual intervention and energy consumption.

[0039] Preferably, the fixed box 2 is detachably connected with the support 1, which can be clamping or magnetic connection. In an example, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 , Figure 4 , the fixed box 2 is provided with a protrusion 21 on the contact surface of the support 1, which has a circular ring structure. The top surface of the support 1 has a groove 100 corresponding to the protrusion 21, which is matched with the structure of the protrusion 21, so that the protrusion 21 is clamped in the groove 100, to realize the detachable connection of the support 1 and the fixed box 2. In another example (not shown in the drawing), the fixed box and the support are provided with a sealing ring at the connection, which is made of rubber material and can ensure that there is no gap at the connection, so that the internal equipment of the fixed box is in contact with the outside, thereby causing pollution and damage.

[0040] Preferably, as shown in Figure 1As shown, the top of the rain barrel 5 is provided with a main pipe 6, the inside of the rain barrel 5 is connected with the outside through the main pipe 6, the main pipe 6 is integrated with the rain barrel 5 to ensure that the rainwater will not leak when flowing through the main pipe 6, thereby improving the water collection efficiency. When using the measuring device, the stem runoff flows into the rain barrel 5 along the main pipe 6, thereby effectively collecting and facilitating subsequent monitoring and analysis. In an example, a filter screen 7 is arranged in the main pipe 6, and the size and aperture of the filter screen 7 can be customized according to the actual use environment and precipitation intensity to meet different monitoring needs. The filter screen 7 is used to filter dry branches, fallen leaves and other sundries in the stem runoff, thereby preventing sundries from entering the rain barrel 5 and causing pollution and blocking the monitoring system 3, thereby affecting the accuracy of the data. The filter screen 7 is detachably connected with the main pipe 6 to facilitate regular cleaning and maintenance. When installing, the filter screen 7 is simply inserted into the main pipe 6. When disassembling, the operator hooks the filter screen 7 with a sharp hook to quickly remove the filter screen 7 for cleaning and replacement.

[0041] Preferably, as Figure 1 As shown, the end of the main pipe 6 away from the rain barrel 5 is provided with a plurality of branch joints 8, which are used to connect a plurality of collection grooves on the stems, so that the stem runoff is collected along the collection grooves through the branch joints 8 and the main pipe 6 and enters the rain barrel 5, thereby realizing simultaneous collection of a plurality of stems to improve work efficiency. The plurality of branch joints 8 are detachably connected with the main pipe 6, and the detachable connection mode includes buckle type, threaded type or quick plug type connection mode, which can be adaptively set according to needs. In an example, the plurality of branch joints 8 are connected with the main pipe 6 by buckle type. The operator sets the number of branch joints 8 according to needs, inserts one end of the plurality of branch joints 8 into the main pipe 6, and installs a sealing ring therebetween. The sealing ring has strong anti-aging performance, which can still maintain excellent sealing performance even after long-term rainwater scouring and ultraviolet radiation, thereby ensuring that the runoff water will not leak, and further improving the adaptability and maintenance convenience of the measuring device in the field environment.

[0042] Preferably, the inside of the rain barrel 5 is provided with a hollow cylinder 51 in a circular ring structure to provide guidance for the flow of rainwater, ensure smooth inflow of rainwater and concentrate to the designated collection area, and also reduce the fluctuation of water level in the rain barrel 5 and the influence of external factors on data measurement. In an example, a raindrop light sensor 9 is installed on the side wall of the hollow cylinder 51. The raindrop light sensor 9 is specially used to monitor the generation time of the stem runoff and the flow rate of the rainwater. The raindrop light sensor 9 uses photoelectric principle to record the dynamic process of rainwater dripping in real time by sensing the change of rainwater falling on its surface.

[0043] In use, the raindrop light sensor 9 detects the presence of rainwater by transmitting and receiving infrared light beams. When rainwater flows into the rainwater collecting barrel 5 through the main pipe and passes through the raindrop light sensor 9, the rainwater will break the light beams and reflect back to the receiving part of the sensor. The raindrop light sensor 9 records the time point of the interruption of the light beams, thereby calculating data such as rainfall intensity, drop rate, and raindrop frequency.

[0044] Preferably, with continued reference to Figure 1 , the height of the rainwater collecting barrel 5 is less than the height dimension of the fixed box 2 and greater than the height of the hollow cylinder 51 along the height direction of the fixed box 2 (z direction as shown in Figure 1 ). The height dimension can be adaptively set according to the needs. In an example, the height of the fixed box 2 is 50 cm, the diameter is 30 cm, the height of the rainwater collecting barrel 5 is 40 cm, the diameter is 20 cm, the height of the hollow cylinder 51 is 37 cm, the outer diameter is 10 cm, and the inner diameter is 8 cm, thereby ensuring the reasonable layout and stability inside the device.

[0045] Preferably, as shown in Figure 1 , an automatic load-bearing system 10 is provided between the rainwater collecting barrel 5 and the support 1. The load-bearing system 10 is used to accurately measure the weight of the accumulated rainwater in the rainwater collecting barrel 5, thereby calculating the volume or runoff of the rainwater, reducing the need for manual intervention, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of data collection. During the measurement process, when the stem runoff occurs, the load-bearing system 10 and the monitoring system 3 start and record data, and when the stem runoff ends, the load-bearing system 10 and the infrared distance measuring device 31 stop, thereby reducing power consumption. The bottom side wall of the rainwater collecting barrel 5 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 11, one end of which is connected to the rainwater collecting barrel 5 and the other end is placed on the outer wall of the fixed box 2. During the measurement, the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to automatically discharge the accumulated water in the rainwater collecting barrel, avoiding excessive accumulation and overflow of rainwater, and ensuring the reasonable guidance of water flow.

[0046] When the water level of the rainwater reaches the preset state, the electromagnetic valve 11 is opened to discharge the rainwater from the rainwater collecting barrel 5. In an example, the electromagnetic valve 11 is a normally closed electromagnetic valve. When the stem runoff occurs, the water level in the rainwater collecting barrel 5 will continuously rise. When the height of the rainwater reaches 36 cm, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve 11 to open, thereby emptying the rainwater in the rainwater collecting barrel 5. At the same time, the load-bearing system 10 and the monitoring system 3 save the monitored data for subsequent collation and analysis.

[0047] The monitoring system 3 preferably comprises an infrared distance measuring device 31 and a data collector 32, the infrared distance measuring device 31 being connected to the data collector 32, the infrared distance measuring device 31 having an accuracy of 0.01 mm and an input signal of RS485 signal, and the data can be recorded through the data collector 32, wherein the infrared distance measuring device 31 is installed on the top of the rain collecting barrel 5, and the data collector 32 is installed on the side wall of the rain collecting barrel 5. When the stemflow starts to generate, the rainwater flows into the rain collecting barrel 5 through the main pipeline 6, and the data collector 32 sends a signal to the controller, so that the infrared distance measuring device 31 and the load bearing system 10 in the measuring device start to work and record data, and when the measuring process is completed, the data collector 32 sends a signal to the controller again, so that the infrared distance measuring device 31 and the load bearing system 10 in the measuring device stop working, so that the operator can collect data.

[0048] The power supply system 4 can continuously provide power for the monitoring system 3 and the electromagnetic valve 11, so as to avoid the influence of power shortage on the measuring result during the measuring process. The power supply system 4 comprises a solar controller 41, a storage battery 42 and a solar panel 43, so as to ensure that the system can stably and long-time operate under different environmental and weather conditions. The solar controller 41 is electrically connected to the storage battery 42 and the solar panel 43. During the use of the measuring device, the solar panel 43 converts the power into electric energy through capturing sunlight and transmits the electric energy to the solar controller 41. The solar controller 41 reasonably adjusts the electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery 42. The storage battery 42 provides the required power for the stemflow measuring device under the conditions of insufficient light or at night, so as to ensure the efficient operation of the measuring device.

[0049] The working principle of the high-precision stemflow measuring device in the application is as follows:

[0050] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 , first, in the sample plot, according to the number of standard trees required to be measured, a corresponding number of branch joints 8 are arranged and installed on the main pipeline 6, and each branch joint 8 is connected with the stemflow collecting groove of the corresponding standard tree. When the stemflow is generated after the rainfall starts, the raindrop photosensitive sensor 9 on the inner side of the rain collecting barrel 5 will automatically sense and record the time when the stemflow is generated, and the data collector 32 sends a signal to the controller, so that the infrared distance measuring device 31 and the load bearing system 10 in the device start to work, and record the water level height in the rain collecting barrel 5 and the weight of the rainwater in the rain collecting barrel 5 at a time scale of 30 s,

[0051] Afterwards, the stem flow is calculated by measuring the weight and the water level of the rain barrel 5. When heavy rainfall occurs, the water level in the rain barrel 5 reaches 36 cm, the electromagnetic valve 11 installed at the lower part of the measuring device is started, and the rainwater in the rain barrel 5 is quickly discharged. The data measured by the infrared distance measuring device 31 and the load bearing system 10 are transmitted to the data collector 32 in the form of RS485 signals. The data collector 32 is provided with a storage card and a network module, and a large amount of data can be stored in the collector to realize long-term automatic monitoring in the field.

[0052] Finally, during the measurement process, the solar panel 43 of the power supply system 4 collects electric energy, the solar controller 41 reasonably adjusts and stores the electric energy in the storage battery 42, and the storage battery 42 provides the required power for the stem flow measuring device under insufficient light or at night, thereby realizing continuous measurement. After the measurement is completed, the monitoring system 3 and the load bearing system 10 are closed by the controller, thereby reducing power consumption, and each component can be disassembled for carrying.

[0053] The high-precision stem flow measuring device of the present application can realize high-precision measurement of stem flow without guard, and can accurately measure the stem flow, overcoming the problem of underestimation of stem flow under extreme rainfall in previous monitoring experiments. The device is provided with a raindrop light sensor, which can accurately record the time of stem flow generation. After the stem flow is generated, the monitoring system and the load bearing system start to automatically supply power, which can prolong the power supply time of the instrument, and solve the problem of insufficient power supply of instrument equipment in the field monitoring of forest hydrological research.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-precision stemflow measuring device, characterized by, The application is applied to trunk runoff, comprising: a support; a fixed box arranged on the support, the fixed box having at least one rainwater collecting barrel arranged in the fixed box, the rainwater collecting barrel being used for containing rainwater and being movably connected with the fixed box; a monitoring system connected with the rainwater collecting barrel, the monitoring system being used for monitoring various parameters of the rainwater to realize accurate measurement of trunk runoff; a power supply system arranged in the fixed box and connected with the monitoring system.

2. A high-precision stemflow measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The fixed box is provided with a protrusion on a contact surface of the fixed box, and a top surface of the support is provided with a groove corresponding to the protrusion, so that the protrusion is clamped in the groove to realize detachable connection of the support and the fixed box.

3. The high-precision stemflow measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The rainwater collecting barrel is provided with a main pipeline on a top portion of the rainwater collecting barrel, the main pipeline being an integral structure with the rainwater collecting barrel, and an inside of the rainwater collecting barrel is connected with the outside through the main pipeline. The main pipeline is provided with a filter screen, and the filter screen is used for filtering dry branches and leaves in the trunk runoff.

4. A high-precision stemflow measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that The main pipeline is provided with a plurality of branch joints at an end away from the rainwater collecting barrel, and the plurality of branch joints are detachably connected with the main pipeline.

5. The high-precision stemflow measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that The rainwater collecting barrel is provided with a hollow cylinder, and a raindrop light sensor is arranged on a side wall of the hollow cylinder.

6. A high-accuracy stemflow measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that In a height direction of the fixed box, a height of the rainwater collecting barrel is less than a height of the fixed box and greater than a height of the hollow cylinder.

7. The high-accuracy stemflow measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that An automatic load bearing system is arranged between the rainwater collecting barrel and the support. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on a bottom side wall of the rainwater collecting barrel.

8. A high-accuracy stemflow measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that When a water level of the rainwater reaches a preset state, the electromagnetic valve is opened to discharge the rainwater from the rainwater collecting barrel. The electromagnetic valve is a normally closed electromagnetic valve.

9. The high-accuracy stemflow measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The monitoring system comprises an infrared distance measuring device and a data collector, the infrared distance measuring device being connected with the data collector, wherein the infrared distance measuring device is arranged on a top portion of the rainwater collecting barrel, and the data collector is arranged on a side wall of the rainwater collecting barrel.

10. The high-accuracy stemflow measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The power supply system comprises a solar controller, a storage battery and a solar panel, and the solar controller is electrically connected with the storage battery and the solar panel.

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