Tunneling drill bit

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of heading machines, and discloses a heading drill bit which comprises a supporting plate, and a guide pipe is arranged in the center of the supporting plate. The coring assembly comprises a first fixing plate, the first fixing plate is coaxially and slidably connected to the guide pipe, a plurality of coring drill barrels are fixedly arranged on the first fixing plate, a second fixing plate is coaxially and slidably connected to the guide pipe, a plurality of tool bits are arranged on the second fixing plate, and the tool bits are located in an annular space between every two adjacent coring drill barrels. The tool bit is used for scraping a plurality of ring surfaces processed by the coring drill cylinder on a tunnel face; the supporting plate is provided with the first driving piece and the second driving piece which are used for driving the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate respectively, the coring drill barrel and the tool bit slide in a staggered mode through the oil cylinder to machine the tunnel face, the coring drill barrel directly divides the tunnel face into a plurality of adjacent ring faces, then the tool bit scrapes the ring faces without dead corners, and the effect of improving the working efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunneling machine technology, and specifically to a tunneling drill bit. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a type of mechanical equipment used for underground engineering construction. Its principle is to use a rotating cutterhead or cutter holder to cut and break underground rocks, thereby realizing the excavation of underground tunnels or mines. The TBM uses a drill bit on the cutterhead or cutter holder to cut and break rocks. The rotation and propulsion of the drill bit cause the rocks to be cut and broken by the action of the cutting tools.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN114909146A discloses a cutterhead, a tunneling machine, and a tunneling method. The cutterhead includes a cutterhead body and drilling and splitting units disposed on the cutterhead body. Multiple sets of drilling and splitting units are staggered in the circumferential direction of the cutterhead body. Each drilling unit includes at least two sets of drilling mechanisms arranged radially along the cutterhead body, and each splitting unit includes at least one set of splitting mechanisms arranged radially along the cutterhead body. Each splitting mechanism has at least one set of drilling mechanisms corresponding to it. The rotation trajectories of the splitting mechanism and its corresponding drilling mechanism on the cutterhead body coincide. The drilling unit is used to drill holes at the tunnel face, and the splitting unit is used to split the drilled holes. The drilled holes are split; during drilling, the cutterhead body is stationary, multiple sets of drilling mechanisms drill holes and then retract, the cutterhead body is rotated and the drilling mechanism continues to drill holes at adjacent positions, drilling is repeated multiple times, the drilled holes can be adjacent or connected so that multiple concentric circles are formed on the working face and all drilling mechanisms retract; during splitting, the cutterhead body is rotated so that multiple splitting mechanisms are aligned with the holes drilled by the drilling mechanism, then the cutterhead body is stationary and splitting action is performed, after splitting the corresponding holes, all splitting mechanisms retract and enter the next splitting step, repeating the above steps until the splitting mechanism has split all holes, then the cutterhead body rotates forward and excavates to the working face of the next construction cycle.

[0004] However, existing technology requires the aforementioned cumbersome operations for each face excavation during tunnel excavation. First, several holes are drilled, and after each drilling, the drilling mechanism must be retracted. Then, the cutterhead body is rotated, driving the drilling unit to the next drilling position, until the face is drilled once. After that, the same operation is used to rotate the splitting mechanism and split the corresponding holes. The entire workflow is cumbersome, the tunnel excavation time and process are very slow, and the work efficiency is low. Based on the above problems, the following improvements are proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a tunneling drill bit that reduces the time required for operations at the tunnel face and improves work efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a tunneling drill bit, comprising a central assembly, a core-taking assembly and a scraping assembly slidably connected to the central assembly, the central assembly being used to scrape the center of the tunnel face, the central assembly including a support plate, the support plate having a guide tube at its center; the core-taking assembly including a first fixed plate, the first fixed plate being slidably connected to the guide tube coaxially, the first fixed plate having a plurality of core-taking drill cylinders fixedly disposed thereon, the core-taking drill cylinders being used to divide the tunnel face into a plurality of annular surfaces; the scraping assembly including a second fixed plate, the second fixed plate being slidably connected to the guide tube coaxially, the second fixed plate having a plurality of cutting heads, the plurality of cutting heads being located in the annular space between two adjacent core-taking drill cylinders, the cutting heads being used to scrape the plurality of annular surfaces processed by the core-taking drill cylinders on the tunnel face; the support plate having a first driving member and a second driving member respectively for driving the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: By setting a guide tube on the support plate, the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate slide on the guide tube. The guide tube can provide support and guidance for the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate. With the cooperation of the first driving component and the second driving component, the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate slide together according to the working needs. The first fixed plate and the second fixed plate drive the core drilling barrel and the cutter head to move respectively, and they are staggered to make intermittent contact with the tunnel face. Several core drilling barrels act on the tunnel face and divide it into several mutually divided annular surfaces, thereby reducing the compressive strength and shear strength of the tunnel face. Then, the scraping is performed by the cutter head, which can reduce the scraping time of the tunnel face and improve the working efficiency.

[0008] Compared with existing technologies, the first fixed plate directly drives several core drilling barrels to approach and contact the tunnel face. The support plate rotates under the drive of the tunneling machine's power unit, thereby driving the first fixed plate to rotate. During the rotation, the first driving component pushes the first fixed plate, enabling the core drilling barrels to quickly divide the tunnel face into several annular surfaces. In existing technologies, drilling is cumbersome and time-consuming, and each drilling requires the retraction and extension of the drilling mechanism. In this solution, the drill barrels and cutter heads slide alternately without interfering with each other, and the operation is relatively simple and quick.

[0009] Furthermore, several core drilling barrels are coaxial with the first fixed plate, and the several core drilling barrels are equally spaced on the first fixed plate.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: by setting the core drill bits coaxially and at equal intervals, the support plate drives the first fixed plate to rotate, so the first fixed plate rotates around the center, thus ensuring the stability of the core drill cylinder rotation. The equal intervals ensure that the size of the cutter heads placed in several annular spaces can be consistent, thereby ensuring that the size of each component that mates with the cutter head is consistent, thus achieving consistency in the production and installation processes, and ensuring that it is easy to find a replacement cutter head when changing it.

[0011] Furthermore, a number of guide rods are fixedly installed on the second fixed plate. The guide rods are all placed in the annular space between two adjacent core drilling barrels. The guide rods are arranged circumferentially and correspond to the annular space. The cutter head is connected to the end of the guide rod away from the second fixed plate. The cutter heads have various types and are arranged at irregular angles.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: Compared with the existing technology that sets at least one corresponding set of splitting mechanism and drilling mechanism and overlaps them on the trajectory, this technical solution has the following advantages:

[0013] (1) Arrange several guide rods into several circles, which are coaxial with the second fixed plate. Each circle formed by the guide rods corresponds to the annular space between two adjacent core drill barrels. This allows each guide rod to be arranged in the annular space between two adjacent core drill barrels. The cutter head is set at the end of the guide rod. Therefore, it can be ensured that each cutter head is arranged in the annular space between two adjacent core drill barrels, thus achieving the purpose of staggered operation of the core drill barrel and the cutter head.

[0014] (2) Arrange several cutter heads at irregular angles at the end of the guide rod. If the cutter heads are all arranged at the same angle along the radial direction of the second fixed plate, there will be some dead corners on the annular surface that are difficult to reach during the operation of the cutter heads. Therefore, setting the cutter heads to irregular angles can ensure that the cutter heads can scrape any position on the annular surface during the operation.

[0015] (3) There are many types of cutter heads, and each type of cutter head has different stress and cutting characteristics. Since the working conditions on the tunnel face are more complex and not static, when the previous cutter head cannot cut through a certain area during the operation, the next cutter head can scrape it through a certain number of times because the stress point and stress mode are different. This setting can ensure that the tunnel face is scraped relatively smoothly and the cutter head is not damaged.

[0016] Furthermore, the second fixing plate is located between the first fixing plate and the support plate, and the guide rod is slidably connected to the first fixing plate. The second fixing plate is used to push the guide rod to slide on the first fixing plate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: one end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the second fixed plate, and the other end is equipped with a cutter head. The cutter head is placed in the annular space of two adjacent core drilling cylinders. Therefore, the guide rod passes through the first fixed plate. Thus, when the first driving member and the second driving member drive the two fixed plates, the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate will not interfere with each other due to the cutter head and the core drilling cylinder. Therefore, it can be ensured that the second fixed plate drives the cutter head to slide in a staggered manner relative to the first fixed plate and the core drilling cylinder.

[0018] Furthermore, a tool holder is fixed to the end of the guide rod. The tool holder includes a base plate and vertical plates on both sides of the base plate. The base plate is rectangular and its geometric center coincides with the axis of the guide rod. The vertical plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the base plate. A pin is connected between the vertical plates. The tool body is rotatably connected to the pin. Several base plates are arranged at irregular angles at the top of the guide rod.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: the base plate of the tool holder is set as a rectangle to facilitate coaxial setting with the guide rod, which can achieve the goal of rotating the base plate at a certain angle with the geometric center of the base plate as the center and fixing it to the top of the guide rod, ensuring that the angle of the tool holder at the top of the guide rod is set irregularly, thus achieving the purpose of setting the angle of the tool head irregularly.

[0020] Furthermore, the top of the core drill barrel is detachably connected to a toothed plate, and the top of the core drill barrel is provided with an installation groove for inserting the toothed plate. Both the toothed plate and the installation groove are provided with holes, and the toothed plate is detachably connected to the installation groove by screws.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this solution are: the core drilling barrel operates on the working face through the plate teeth, and it is convenient to replace the plate teeth when it is necessary to replace them during long-term operation.

[0022] Furthermore, the first fixed plate is provided with a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The first guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with the guide tube and allows the guide tube to slide. The second guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with the guide rod and allows the guide rod to slide.

[0023] Furthermore, the central component also includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the support plate, with a scraping drill bit at the end of the rotating shaft, a guide tube sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a bearing connected between the guide tube and the rotating shaft.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: the guide tube and the rotating shaft are set coaxially. Under the action of the guide tube, the rotating shaft can not only support the fixed plate, but also allow the fixed plate to slide. At the same time, the rotating shaft also provides power for the scraping drill bit. Under the action of the bearing, the rotating shaft and the guide tube can ensure that they do not interfere with each other.

[0025] Furthermore, both the first driving component and the second driving component are configured as hydraulic cylinders, the cylinder bodies of both the first driving component and the second driving component are fixed to the support plate, and the piston ends of the first driving component and the second driving component are respectively connected to the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of this utility model embodiment in the cutting direction;

[0028] Figure 3The overall structure of this utility model embodiment is relative to Figure 2 Side view;

[0029] Figure 4 This is an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure along the AA direction;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of point B on the core drilling barrel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the component structure for mounting the cutter head in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0033] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: support plate 1, first drive component 11, second drive component 12, rotating shaft 13, scraping drill bit 131, bearing 132, guide tube 14, first fixing plate 2, core drilling cylinder 21, mounting groove 212, plate teeth 213, first guide sleeve 22, second guide sleeve 23, second fixing plate 3, guide rod 31, tool holder 311, and tool head 312.

[0034] Example

[0035] The implementation examples are basically as follows Figures 1-6 As shown, a type of tunneling drill bit, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the machine includes a support plate 1, on which a rotating shaft 13 is rotatably connected. A motor is installed inside the tunneling machine, and its output end is connected to the rotating shaft 13. The rotating shaft 13 is coaxially aligned with the support plate 1. A guide tube 14 is fitted around the outer ring of the rotating shaft 13 and is fixedly mounted on the support plate 1. A bearing 132 connects the inner ring of the guide tube 14 and the outer ring of the rotating shaft 13. A scraping drill bit 131 is installed at the end of the rotating shaft 13 furthest from the support plate 1. A square section runs from the end furthest from the support plate 1 to the end near the support plate 1 on the guide tube 14. A first fixing plate 2 and a second fixing plate 3 are slidably connected upwards. Both the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 are coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 13. A first guide sleeve 22 is arranged at the center of the rotating shaft 13. The first guide sleeve 22 is coaxially arranged with the first fixing plate 2 and welded and fixed. The first guide sleeve 22 allows the guide tube 14 to slide. A plurality of core drilling cylinders 21 are fixedly arranged on the first fixing plate 2. The core drilling cylinders 21 are all coaxially arranged with the first fixing plate 2 and are evenly spaced on the first fixing plate 2.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 5-6As shown, a plurality of guide rods 31 are fixedly mounted on the second fixed plate 3. These guide rods 31 are arranged in several concentric circles on the second fixed plate 3. These circles are all coaxial with the second fixed plate 3, and these circles correspond sequentially to the annular space formed between two adjacent core drilling barrels 21 on the first fixed plate 2. A tool holder 311 is fixedly mounted on the end of the guide rod 31 away from the second fixed plate 3. The tool holder 311 includes a base plate with a rectangular bottom and vertical plates fixed to both ends of the base plate. The geometric center of the base plate coincides with the axis of the guide rod 31. Pins are installed on the two vertical plates, and the tool head 312 is rotatably connected to the pins. The tool head 312 includes various types, and the installation method and size are the same among the various types. The plurality of base plates are deflected at different angles around the geometric center of the base plate at the top of the guide rod 31. The cutter head 312 is placed in the annular space between two adjacent core drilling cylinders 21 on the first fixed plate 2. Several second guide sleeves 23 are provided in the corresponding rings of several annular spaces on the first fixed plate 2. The second guide sleeves 23 allow the guide rod 31 to slide, and the second guide sleeves 23 are coaxially arranged with the guide rod 31. The first driving component 11 and the second driving component 12 are fixedly installed on the support plate. The first driving component 11 and the second driving component 12 are both set as hydraulic cylinders. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the support plate. The piston end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the first fixed plate 2 and the second fixed plate 3 respectively. Several mounting grooves 212 are opened at the top of the core drilling cylinder. The mounting grooves 212 are used to install the plate teeth 213. Holes are opened between the plate teeth 213 and the mounting grooves 212. The plate teeth 212 are detachably connected to the mounting grooves by screws.

[0037] Its working principle is as follows: When constructing the tunnel, the piston end of the first driving component 11 pushes the first fixed plate 2 to move away from the support plate 1. After the core drill 21 contacts the tunnel face, the slewing bearing inside the tunneling machine drives the support plate 1 to rotate. During the rotation, the piston end of the first driving component 11 continues to push the core drill 21. After the core drill 21 has completed its work, the piston end of the first driving component 11 retracts the core drill 21 through the first fixed plate 2. At the same time, the piston end of the second driving component 12 pushes the second fixed plate 3 to move away from the support plate 1. The second fixed plate 3 pushes the cutter head 312 to contact the tunnel face and performs work under the rotation of the support plate 1. The cutter head 312 scrapes the annular surface processed by the core drill 21. Finally, the cutter head 312 is retracted to proceed with the work on the next tunnel face.

Claims

1. A tunneling drill bit, characterized in that: The system includes a central assembly, a core-scraping assembly and a scraping assembly slidably connected to the central assembly. The central assembly is used to scrape the center of the tunnel face. The central assembly includes a support plate with a guide tube at its center. The core-scraping assembly includes a first fixed plate, which is slidably connected to the guide tube on the same axis. The first fixed plate is fixedly provided with a plurality of core-scraping drills, which are used to divide the tunnel face into a plurality of annular surfaces. The scraping assembly includes a second fixed plate, which is slidably connected to the guide tube on the same axis. The second fixed plate is provided with a plurality of cutting heads, which are located in the annular space between two adjacent core-scraping drills. The cutting heads are used to scrape the plurality of annular surfaces processed by the core-scraping drills on the tunnel face. The support plate is provided with a first driving member and a second driving member, which are respectively used to drive the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate.

2. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several core drilling cylinders are coaxial with the first fixed plate, and the several core drilling cylinders are equally spaced on the first fixed plate.

3. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 2, characterized in that: Several guide rods are fixedly installed on the second fixed plate. The guide rods are all placed in the annular space between two adjacent core drilling barrels. The guide rods are arranged circumferentially and correspond to the annular space. The cutter head is connected to the end of the guide rod away from the second fixed plate. The cutter heads have various types and are arranged at irregular angles.

4. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second fixing plate is located between the first fixing plate and the support plate. The guide rod is slidably connected to the first fixing plate. The second fixing plate is used to push the guide rod to slide on the first fixing plate.

5. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: A tool holder is fixed to the end of the guide rod. The tool holder includes a base plate and vertical plates on both sides of the base plate. The base plate is rectangular and its geometric center coincides with the axis of the guide rod. The vertical plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the base plate. A pin is connected between the vertical plates. The tool body is rotatably connected to the pin. Several base plates are arranged at irregular angles at the top of the guide rod.

6. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the core drill barrel is detachably connected to a toothed plate. The top of the core drill barrel has an installation groove for inserting the toothed plate. Both the toothed plate and the installation groove have holes. The toothed plate is detachably connected to the installation groove by screws.

7. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first fixed plate has a first guide sleeve and a second guide sleeve. The first guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with the guide tube and allows the guide tube to slide. The second guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with the guide rod and allows the guide rod to slide.

8. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central component also includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the support plate, with a scraping drill bit at the end of the rotating shaft, a guide tube sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a bearing connecting the guide tube and the rotating shaft.

9. A tunneling drill bit according to claim 8, characterized in that: Both the first and second driving components are hydraulic cylinders, with the cylinder bodies of both components fixed to a support plate. The piston ends of the first and second driving components are connected to the first and second fixed plates, respectively.

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