Moon base energy system based on solar photo-thermal power generation

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of energy systems, and particularly relates to a lunar base energy system based on solar photo-thermal power generation, which comprises a heat collector, a high-temperature turbine, a lunar day power generator, a heat exchanger, a mixer, a gas compressor, a separator, a high-pressure tank, a low-temperature turbine, a lunar night power generator, a radiator and a low-pressure tank. A solar photo-thermal power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle and a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system are coupled, the purpose of continuous and stable power generation in the moon day and the moon night is achieved, and a guarantee is provided for maintaining normal operation of the moon base. The system has the advantages of being capable of continuously and stably generating power in the monthly day and the monthly night, compact in arrangement, convenient to prepare the circulating working medium and the like, avoids the defects of photovoltaic and other energy systems, is efficient and clean, and can be used as an energy supply system for establishing a lunar base.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy system technology, and in particular to a lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation. Background Technology

[0002] The lunar surface lacks fossil fuels, an atmosphere, liquid water, and living organisms, making fossil fuels, wind power, hydropower, and biomass energy unusable. Furthermore, due to its tidally locked position to Earth, the moon experiences both lunar day and lunar night periods of 14 days each, a remarkably long duration. Without an atmosphere for insulation, lunar surface temperatures can reach 127°C during the lunar day and plummet to -183°C during the lunar night, resulting in extreme diurnal temperature variations. Therefore, energy systems must be adaptable to the lunar environment, capable of long-term stable operation, and environmentally friendly.

[0003] Currently, the lunar base has two types of energy supply systems: 1. A solar-based energy supply system, mainly including solar photovoltaic power generation systems and solar thermal power generation systems. 2. A other energy-based energy supply system, including fuel cell systems, radioisotope power generation systems, lunar regolith thermal energy conversion systems, and space nuclear reactor power generation systems.

[0004] While solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems offer advantages such as mature technology and ease of installation, they lack inherent energy storage capabilities. Therefore, they can only operate during lunar daytime and cannot provide energy during lunar night, requiring the use of batteries for energy storage, which increases structural complexity. Furthermore, as semiconductor products, photovoltaic panels have a short lifespan and are prone to failure under the bombardment of solar winds and cosmic rays on the lunar surface. Solar thermal power generation systems utilize solar radiation to heat a working fluid, increasing its temperature and causing it to expand into a high-pressure gas that drives a turbine to power a generator rotor that cuts magnetic field lines to generate electricity. Compared to PV, solar thermal power generation systems offer advantages such as higher efficiency and longer lifespan. They directly utilize the thermal energy of solar radiation, enabling combined heat and power (CHP) and simplifying system design. However, similar to PV systems, this system also cannot solve the energy output problem during lunar night and requires the inclusion of thermal storage devices. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation. This lunar base energy system, combined with a solar thermal power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle and a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, can make full use of solar energy and ensure the energy supply to the lunar base for as long as possible.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation, including a collector, a high-temperature turbine, a lunar daytime generator, a heat exchanger, a mixer, a compressor, a separator, a high-pressure tank, a low-temperature turbine, a lunar nighttime generator, a radiator, and a low-pressure tank.

[0007] The high-temperature outlet of the solar collector, the high-temperature turbine, the heat medium channel of the heat exchanger, the first inlet of the mixer, the outlet of the mixer, the compressor, the cold medium channel of the heat exchanger, the inlet of the separator, the first outlet of the separator, and the low-temperature inlet of the solar collector are sequentially connected by pipelines; the outlet of the high-pressure tank, the low-temperature turbine, the radiator, the low-pressure tank, and the second inlet of the mixer are sequentially connected by pipelines; the second outlet of the separator is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure tank by a pipeline.

[0008] Both the compressor and the lunar day generator are driven by the mechanical energy output from the high-temperature turbine. The lunar day generator generates electrical energy to meet the electricity needs of the lunar base during the lunar day. The lunar night generator is driven by the mechanical energy output from the low-temperature turbine. The lunar night generator generates electrical energy to meet the electricity needs of the lunar base during the lunar night.

[0009] Optionally, the high-temperature turbine, the lunar daytime generator, and the compressor are coaxially connected; the low-temperature turbine is coaxially connected to the lunar nighttime generator.

[0010] Optionally, the solar collector and the radiator are mounted on the same base.

[0011] Optionally, the collector is a three-layer vacuum collector tube, the radiator is a multi-tube radiator, the base is provided with a slotted condenser, the three-layer vacuum collector tube is mounted on the base by a bracket and located at the focal line of the slotted condenser, and the multi-tube radiator is arranged side by side on the convex side of the slotted condenser.

[0012] Optionally, the concave side of the grooved condenser is coated with a highly reflective aluminophosphate coating.

[0013] Optionally, the outer sides of the multiple heat dissipation pipes are covered with metal foam.

[0014] Optionally, the mass flow rate at the outlet of the mixer is the same as the mass flow rate at the inlet of the separator, the mass flow rate at the second inlet of the mixer is the same as the mass flow rate at the second outlet of the separator, and the mass flow rate at the first inlet of the mixer is the same as the mass flow rate at the first outlet of the separator.

[0015] Optionally, both the high-pressure tank and the low-pressure tank are placed in an insulation layer under the lunar soil.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the lunar base energy system of this application constitutes a solar thermal power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle through a collector, a high-temperature turbine, a lunar daytime generator, a heat exchanger, a mixer, a compressor, and a separator, with supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system is constituted through a high-pressure tank, a low-temperature turbine, a lunar nighttime generator, a radiator, a low-pressure tank, a mixer, a compressor, a heat exchanger, and a separator, with transcritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. The supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system (the solar thermal power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle) and the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system share the low-pressure tank, mixer, heat exchanger, separator, and high-pressure tank.

[0017] By coupling a solar thermal power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle with a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, the system achieves continuous and stable power generation during both lunar day and night, ensuring the normal operation of the lunar base. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for the condenser section in other supercritical carbon dioxide cycle-based solar thermal power generation systems, directly mixing liquid transcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide for cooling. This application offers advantages such as continuous and stable power generation during both lunar day and night, a compact system layout, and convenient production of the circulating working fluid. It also avoids the disadvantages of photovoltaic and other energy systems, being highly efficient and clean, and can be used as an energy supply system for establishing a lunar base. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] in:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation, as shown in one embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation, where the collector and radiator are mounted on the same base, according to one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0023] 1. Solar collector; 2. High-temperature turbine; 3. Lunar daytime generator; 4. Heat exchanger; 5. Mixer; 6. Compressor; 7. Separator; 8. High-pressure tank; 9. Low-temperature turbine; 10. Lunar nighttime generator; 11. Radiator; 12. Low-pressure tank; 13. Support; 14. Trough-type condenser mirror; 15. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many other different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0025] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0028] The embodiments of this application provide a lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation. This lunar base energy system combines a solar thermal power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle and a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system. It can achieve stable and controllable release of high power during lunar night, solar eclipse, and insufficient sunlight, thereby realizing the full utilization of in-situ lunar energy and continuous power generation during lunar day and lunar night. It is highly reliable, clean and efficient, and has important scientific significance and engineering application value for promoting the development of space energy technology and accelerating the construction of lunar bases.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, the lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation includes a collector 1, a high-temperature turbine 2, a lunar daytime generator 3, a heat exchanger 4, a mixer 5, a compressor 6, a separator 7, a high-pressure tank 8, a low-temperature turbine 9, a lunar nighttime generator 10, a radiator 11, and a low-pressure tank 12. The high-temperature outlet of collector 1, high-temperature turbine 2, heat medium channel of heat exchanger 4, first inlet of mixer 5, outlet of mixer 5, compressor 6, cold medium channel of heat exchanger 4, inlet of separator 7, first outlet of separator 7, and low-temperature inlet of collector 1 are connected in sequence by pipelines; the outlet of high-pressure tank 8, low-temperature turbine 9, radiator 11, low-pressure tank 12, and second inlet of mixer 5 are connected in sequence by pipelines; the second outlet of separator 7 is connected to the inlet of high-pressure tank 8 by pipelines; compressor 6 and lunar day generator 3 are both driven by the mechanical energy output from high-temperature turbine 2, and lunar day generator 3 generates electrical energy to meet the electricity demand of the lunar base during the lunar day; lunar night generator 10 is driven by the mechanical energy output from low-temperature turbine 9, and lunar night generator 10 generates electrical energy to meet the electricity demand of the lunar base during the lunar night.

[0030] Understandably, the heat from collector 1 comes from the sun.

[0031] In this embodiment, the lunar base energy system comprises a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle-based solar thermal power generation system consisting of a collector 1, a high-temperature turbine 2, a lunar daytime generator 3, a heat exchanger 4, a mixer 5, a compressor 6, and a separator 7, with supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system consists of a high-pressure tank 8, a low-temperature turbine 9, a lunar nighttime generator 10, a radiator 11, a low-pressure tank 12, a mixer 5, a compressor 6, a heat exchanger 4, and a separator 7, with transcritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. The supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system (the solar thermal power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle) and the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system share the low-pressure tank 12, mixer 5, heat exchanger 4, separator 7, and high-pressure tank 8.

[0032] Heat exchanger 4 absorbs the high-temperature waste heat of the solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle and uses it to heat the working fluid of the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system. Specifically, the inlet of the heat medium channel of heat exchanger 4 is connected to the outlet of high-temperature turbine 2, and the outlet of the heat medium channel of heat exchanger 4 is connected to the first inlet of mixer 5; the inlet of the cold medium channel of heat exchanger 4 is connected to the outlet of compressor 6, and the outlet of the cold medium channel of heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of separator 7.

[0033] The working principle of the lunar base energy system provided in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0034] During the lunar day, the solar thermal power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle operates. The supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing through the collector 1 absorbs heat from the sun and heats up. The high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide working fluid enters the high-temperature turbine 2 and expands to do work, converting thermal energy and pressure energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the high-temperature turbine 2, which drives the lunar day generator 3 to generate electricity. After the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid expands through the high-temperature turbine 2, it flows through the heat exchanger 4 and releases heat. Then, it is mixed with the low-temperature transcritical carbon dioxide working fluid from the low-pressure tank 12 at the mixer 5 for further cooling. After cooling, the carbon dioxide working fluid close to the critical point is pressurized by the compressor 6 and enters the heat exchanger 4 to absorb heat from the turbine exhaust gas. Then, it enters the separator 7, and part of the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid returns to the collector 1 to continue the power cycle.

[0035] During the lunar day, the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system cycle starts operating simultaneously. Compressor 6 is driven by the mechanical energy output from high-temperature turbine 2. The low-temperature carbon dioxide working fluid in low-pressure tank 12 is drawn into mixer 5, where it mixes and heats up with the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid from heat exchanger 4. After being pressurized by compressor 6, it enters heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid from high-temperature turbine 2 for further heating. Finally, the heated supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid enters separator 7. A portion enters collector 1 and returns to the solar thermal power generation system based on the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, while the remainder enters high-pressure tank 8, storing the redundant power generated during the lunar day in the form of high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide.

[0036] During lunar nights, solar eclipses, and periods of insufficient sunlight, the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system cyclically releases the stored energy and converts it into electrical energy. The high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide working fluid in the high-pressure tank 8 performs work through the low-temperature turbine 9 to drive the lunar night generator 10 to generate electricity; then, after radiant cooling through the radiator 11, it forms a low-temperature, low-pressure carbon dioxide working fluid which is stored in the low-pressure tank 12.

[0037] That is, this lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation is compactly connected to a solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle and a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system.

[0038] Through the above configuration, the heat exchanger 4 enables the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle-based solar thermal power generation system and the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system to utilize waste heat in a cascade manner, ensuring full recovery and utilization of waste heat. By coupling the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle-based solar thermal power generation system and the transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, the surplus of solar thermal power generation during the lunar day is converted into pressure energy and thermal energy of the carbon dioxide working fluid for storage. This energy can be released during the lunar night to drive the cryogenic turbine 9 to power the lunar night generator 10. Therefore, the lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation provided in this application embodiment can fully utilize waste heat, has a small footprint, is easy to transport and install, has high power generation efficiency, and can achieve continuous and stable power supply during the lunar day and night, as well as during solar eclipses and periods of insufficient sunlight, making it suitable for lunar base systems.

[0039] By coupling a solar thermal power generation system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle with a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system, the system achieves continuous and stable power generation during both lunar day and night, ensuring the normal operation of the lunar base. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for the condenser section in other supercritical carbon dioxide cycle-based solar thermal power generation systems, directly mixing liquid transcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide for cooling. This application offers advantages such as continuous and stable power generation during both lunar day and night, a compact system layout, and convenient production of the circulating working fluid. It also avoids the disadvantages of photovoltaic and other energy systems, being highly efficient and clean, and can be used as an energy supply system for establishing a lunar base.

[0040] In one embodiment, the high-temperature turbine 2, the lunar daytime generator 3, and the compressor 6 are coaxially connected; the low-temperature turbine 9 is coaxially connected to the lunar nighttime generator 10.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the solar collector 1 and the radiator 11 are mounted on the same base 15. Specifically, the solar collector 1 is a three-layer vacuum solar collector tube, which creates a blackbody-like cavity structure to improve the light concentration efficiency. The radiator 11 consists of multiple heat dissipation tubes, and a slotted concentrator 14 is mounted on the base 15. The cross-section of the slotted concentrator 14 is preferably a composite parabolic shape. The three-layer vacuum solar collector tube is mounted on the base 15 via a bracket 13 and is located at the focal line of the slotted concentrator 14. During lunar daylight, the slotted concentrator 14 reflects sunlight and focuses it onto the three-layer vacuum solar collector tube. The supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing through the three-layer vacuum solar collector tube absorbs heat and heats up. Multiple heat dissipation tubes are arranged side by side on the convex side of the slotted concentrator 14.

[0042] By utilizing the concave side of the trough concentrator 14 for heat collection, the incident sunlight is concentrated onto the three-layer vacuum heat collection tubes through a reflector. The convex side of the trough concentrator 14 dissipates heat, dissipating the heat from the heat dissipation tubes into space in the form of thermal radiation.

[0043] By setting it up as described above, the collector 1 and the radiator 11 are integrated, reducing the system's footprint, overall weight, and installation and transportation difficulty, making it suitable for special lunar surface construction environments.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the concave side of the trough condenser 14 is coated with an alumina phosphate coating with a reflectivity as high as 0.97, which can increase the focusing efficiency. The convex side of the trough condenser 14 is covered with Cu20 metal foam, and multiple heat dissipation pipes are laid within the metal foam. The metal foam and heat dissipation pipes are connected by welding. The high specific surface area of ​​the Cu20 metal foam material ensures sufficient radiative heat dissipation efficiency. At the focal line of the composite parabolic trough condenser 14, which combines heat collection and heat dissipation functions, a three-layer vacuum heat collection tube is mounted via a bracket 13. The bracket 13 is rigidly connected to the trough condenser 14 and the three-layer vacuum heat collection tube, and the bracket 13 is hinged to the base 15. The hinge point can be connected to an electronic control system for automatically tracking the solar angle.

[0045] In one embodiment, the mass flow rate at the outlet of mixer 5 is the same as the mass flow rate at the inlet of separator 7, the mass flow rate at the second inlet of mixer 5 connected to low-pressure tank 12 is the same as the mass flow rate at the second outlet of separator 7 connected to high-pressure tank 8, and the mass flow rate at the first inlet of mixer 5 connected to heat exchanger 4 is the same as the mass flow rate at the first outlet of separator 7 connected to collector 1.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, both the high-pressure tank 8 and the low-pressure tank 12 are placed in the insulation layer under the lunar soil.

[0047] Both the high-pressure tank 8 and the low-pressure tank 12 are placed in the insulation layer under the lunar soil, making full use of the special environment of the lunar soil and reducing the insulation cost.

[0048] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0049] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lunar base energy system based on solar thermal power generation, characterized in that, It includes a solar collector (1), a high-temperature turbine (2), a lunar daytime generator (3), a heat exchanger (4), a mixer (5), a compressor (6), a separator (7), a high-pressure tank (8), a low-temperature turbine (9), a lunar nighttime generator (10), a radiator (11), and a low-pressure tank (12); The high-temperature outlet of the solar collector (1), the high-temperature turbine (2), the heat medium channel of the heat exchanger (4), the first inlet of the mixer (5), the outlet of the mixer (5), the compressor (6), the cold medium channel of the heat exchanger (4), the inlet of the separator (7), the first outlet of the separator (7), and the low-temperature inlet of the solar collector (1) are connected in sequence by pipelines; the outlet of the high-pressure tank (8), the low-temperature turbine (9), the radiator (11), the low-pressure tank (12), and the second inlet of the mixer (5) are connected in sequence by pipelines; the second outlet of the separator (7) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure tank (8) by pipelines; The compressor (6) and the lunar day generator (3) are both driven by the mechanical energy output from the high-temperature turbine (2). The lunar day generator (3) generates electrical energy to meet the electricity demand of the lunar base during the lunar day. The lunar night generator (10) is driven by the mechanical energy output from the low-temperature turbine (9). The lunar night generator (10) generates electrical energy to meet the electricity demand of the lunar base during the lunar night.

2. The lunar base energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature turbine (2), the lunar daytime generator (3), and the compressor (6) are coaxially connected; the low-temperature turbine (9) is coaxially connected to the lunar nighttime generator (10).

3. The lunar base energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collector (1) and the radiator (11) are mounted on the same base (15).

4. The lunar base energy system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collector (1) is a three-layer vacuum heat collection tube, the radiator (11) is a multi-tube heat dissipation device, the base (15) is provided with a slotted condenser (14), the three-layer vacuum heat collection tube is set on the base (15) through the bracket (13) and located at the focal line of the slotted condenser (14), and the multi-tube heat dissipation device is arranged side by side on the convex side of the slotted condenser (14).

5. The lunar base energy system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The concave side of the grooved condenser (14) is coated with a highly reflective aluminophosphate coating.

6. The lunar base energy system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer sides of the multiple heat dissipation pipes are covered with metal foam.

7. The lunar base energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass flow rate at the outlet of the mixer (5) is the same as the mass flow rate at the inlet of the separator (7), the mass flow rate at the second inlet of the mixer (5) is the same as the mass flow rate at the second outlet of the separator (7), and the mass flow rate at the first inlet of the mixer (5) is the same as the mass flow rate at the first outlet of the separator (7).

8. The lunar base energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the high-pressure tank (8) and the low-pressure tank (12) are placed in the insulation layer under the lunar soil.

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