Power supply output belt protection device
By designing a power output protection circuit, and utilizing a switching module and a current output regulation module, automatic hardware protection of the power output is achieved, solving the problem that the power output cannot be self-protected in the existing technology, and realizing fast-response and low-delay power short-circuit protection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422872613.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing power supply outputs cannot be fully protected by hardware and require software support, resulting in large delays, inability to quickly disconnect and self-recover, inability to support power supply short circuits, and low output accuracy.
Design a power output protection device, including a power output protection circuit, and use a switching module, a current output regulation module and a current output protection module to realize automatic hardware protection. The switching module, consisting of a PMOS transistor, a resistor and multiple transistors, ensures that the circuit automatically switches to a low-power mode in the event of a short circuit.
It achieves fast hardware self-protection of power output, supports various short-circuit scenarios, has a fast response speed, a simple hardware architecture, avoids software delay, and supports fast disconnection and self-recovery under overload.
Smart Images
Figure CN223625569U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of power output protection circuit technology, and more specifically to a power output protection device. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, ordinary power supplies do not have hardware protection functions. Even if they do, the hardware architecture is complex and costly. Ordinary power supplies cannot achieve complete hardware self-protection and require protection through software AD sampling or IO control. Software intervention has a certain delay, cannot meet the requirements of fast overload disconnection and self-recovery, does not support power supply short circuit, and has low output accuracy. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the purpose of this application is to provide a power output protection device that addresses the problem that traditional power outputs cannot be fully protected by hardware and require software assistance to complete the protection function.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0005] A power output protection device, the protection device including a power output protection circuit, the power output protection circuit including:
[0006] The power supply, the first transistor, and the power supply output terminal are provided, wherein the power supply is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first transistor, and the second terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the power supply output terminal.
[0007] The power output protection circuit also includes:
[0008] The module includes a switching module, a current output regulation module, and a current output protection module.
[0009] The third terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the current output regulation module, the current output regulation module is electrically connected to the switch module, and the switch module is electrically connected to the circuit connecting the second terminal of the first transistor to the power output terminal. The switch module is configured to connect the third terminal of the first transistor to the power output terminal through the current output regulation module and the switch module when it is turned on. The third terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the current output protection module, and the current output protection module is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The current output protection module is configured to connect the third terminal of the first transistor to the ground terminal through the current output protection module when the switch module is turned off.
[0010] Furthermore, the current output adjustment module includes a resistor module consisting of a first resistor and a second resistor. The first resistor is electrically connected to the third electrode of the first transistor and is electrically connected to the second resistor. The second resistor is electrically connected to the switch module.
[0011] Furthermore, the current output protection module includes a resistor module composed of a first resistor and a third resistor. The first resistor is electrically connected to the third electrode of the first transistor, and the first resistor is electrically connected to the third resistor. The third resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal.
[0012] Furthermore, the switching module includes a second transistor, the control terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the power output terminal, the first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the second resistor, and the second terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal.
[0013] Furthermore, the switching module also includes a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor. The fourth resistor is electrically connected to the circuit connecting the second terminal of the first transistor to the power output terminal, and the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The voltage divider node of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the second transistor.
[0014] Furthermore, the switching module includes a third transistor, the control terminal of which is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the power output terminal, the first terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the second transistor, and the second terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal.
[0015] Furthermore, the switching module also includes a fourth transistor, the first electrode of which is electrically connected to the circuit where the second electrode of the first transistor is connected to the power output terminal, and the second electrode of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the third transistor.
[0016] Furthermore, the switching module also includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor. The sixth resistor is electrically connected to the second electrode of the fourth transistor, and the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The voltage divider node of the sixth resistor and the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the third transistor.
[0017] Beneficial effects
[0018] This application designs a power output protection device. When the power output terminal is normally outputting, the switching module is turned on, causing the third terminal of the first transistor to be electrically connected to the power output terminal through the current output regulation module and the switching module. When a short circuit occurs at the power output terminal, the switching module is turned off, causing the third terminal of the first transistor to be disconnected from the current output regulation module and connected to the current output protection module and grounded, thereby entering a low-power output mode. This allows the power output circuit to be fully automatically protected by hardware, with a fast response speed, support for various short circuit scenarios, and a simple hardware architecture. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the technical solutions of this disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this disclosure. The shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect actual proportions and are only intended to illustrate the content of this application.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power output protection device structure of this application.
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power output protection circuit structure in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The above-described solution will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The implementation conditions used in the embodiments may be further adjusted according to the conditions of specific manufacturers, and the implementation conditions not specified are generally those in routine experiments.
[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. In this document, "electrical connection" includes the situation where constituent elements are connected together by an element having some electrical function. There is no particular limitation on the "electrically functioning element," as long as it enables the transmission and reception of electrical signals between the connected constituent elements. An "electrically functioning element" can be, for example, an electrode or wiring, a switching element such as a transistor, or other functional elements such as a resistor, inductor, or capacitor. "Up," "down," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0024] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "middle," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.
[0025] As mentioned in the background technology, current ordinary power supply outputs cannot achieve complete hardware self-protection and require protection through software AD sampling or IO control. Software intervention has a certain delay and cannot meet the requirements for rapid overload disconnection and self-recovery. To address this problem, the inventors have designed a power supply output protection device, which includes a power supply output protection circuit, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the power output protection circuit includes: a power supply (Power), a first transistor Q1, and a power output terminal EXT-Power. The power supply (Power) is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first transistor Q1, and the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the power output terminal EXT-Power. The power output protection circuit also includes a switching module K, a current output regulation module T, and a current output protection module P.
[0026] The third terminal of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the current output regulation module T. The current output regulation module T is electrically connected to the switch module K. The switch module K is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the power output terminal EXT-Power. The switch module K is configured to connect the third terminal of the first transistor Q1 to the power output terminal EXT-Power through the current output regulation module T and the switch module K when it is turned on. The third terminal of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the current output protection module P. The current output protection module P is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. The current output protection module P is configured to connect the third terminal of the first transistor Q1 to the ground terminal GND through the current output protection module P when the switch module K is turned off.
[0027] The power supply output is equipped with a protection device. When the power supply is outputting normally, the switching module is turned on, which makes the third terminal of the first transistor electrically connected to the power supply output terminal through the current output regulation module and the switching module. When a short circuit occurs at the power supply output terminal, the switching module is turned off, which disconnects the third terminal of the first transistor from the current output regulation module and connects to the current output protection module and grounds it, thereby entering a low-power output mode. This makes the power supply output circuit completely automatically protected by hardware, with a fast response speed, supporting multiple short circuit scenarios, and a simple hardware architecture.
[0028] Next, in conjunction with the appendix Figure 2 This application is described by way of example.
[0029] Example
[0030] One embodiment of this application provides a power output protection circuit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the circuit includes:
[0031] Power supply, the output voltage of Power is 12V.
[0032] The power output port EXT-Power-12V is electrically connected to the power supply.
[0033] The first transistor Q1 is a PMOS (possibly a transistor with a metal oscillator and a p-channel), which is an n-type substrate and a MOS transistor that carries current through the flow of holes. The first terminal 1 of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the power supply Power, and the second terminal 2 of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the power output port EXT-Power-12V.
[0034] The current-limiting resistor module consists of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2. The first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the third terminal 3 of the first transistor Q1, and the first resistor R1 is also electrically connected to the second resistor R2. The second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the switching module. When the switching module is turned on, the third terminal 3 of the first transistor Q1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the switching module, and the power output port EXT-Power-12V are turned on. By adjusting the current in the third terminal circuit of the first transistor Q1, the output power is limited. The output current of the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is equal to β times the current generated by the current-limiting resistors R1 and R4 in the third terminal circuit of the first transistor Q1.
[0035] The current-limiting resistor module consists of the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3. The first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the third terminal 3 of the first transistor Q1, and the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the third resistor R3. The third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. When the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is short-circuited to ground, the switching module is turned off. At this time, the output current of the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is equal to β times the current-limiting resistors R1 and R6 in the circuit of the third terminal of the first transistor Q1.
[0036] The switching module consists of a second transistor Q2, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth resistor R5. The fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the power output terminal EXT-Power-12V. The fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. The voltage divider node A of the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the control terminal 3 of the second transistor Q2 to control the opening and closing of the second transistor Q2. The first terminal 1 of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the second resistor R2, and the second terminal 2 of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.
[0037] The switching module consists of the third transistor Q3 (transistor), the fourth transistor D1 (diode), the sixth resistor R6, and the seventh resistor R7. The first terminal of the fourth transistor D1 is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the power output terminal EXT-Power-12V. The second terminal of the fourth transistor D1 is electrically connected to the sixth resistor R6. The seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. The voltage divider node B of the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected to the control terminal 3 of the third transistor Q3. The first terminal 1 of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the second transistor Q2. The second terminal of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.
[0038] The specific principle of the power output protection circuit is as follows:
[0039] When the power supply is outputting normally,
[0040] When 12V is input to the pin of the first transistor Q1, the first terminal 1 and the second terminal 2 of the first transistor Q1 are instantaneously turned on through the internal parasitic capacitance. The output voltage of the power supply is divided by the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 and then sent to the control terminal of the second transistor Q2 through the voltage divider node A, so that the second transistor Q2 is turned on. Adjustment pulls the third terminal of the first transistor Q1 down to the ground terminal GND, the first transistor Q1 remains turned on, and the 12V of the power supply is output normally.
[0041] When the power output terminal is short-circuited to ground
[0042] When the EXT-Power-12V output terminal is short-circuited to ground, the power output voltage drops, causing the second transistor Q2 to turn off quickly. After the second transistor Q2 turns off, the third terminal of the first transistor Q1, which was connected to the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, becomes connected to the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3. The load current of the third terminal of the first transistor Q1 quickly enters the low-power output mode.
[0043] When the EXT-Power-12V output is short-circuited to the power supply, if the short-circuit power exceeds the maximum regulation threshold of the fourth transistor D1 (i.e., when the output voltage is 12V), the fourth transistor D1 will break down and turn on. The fourth transistor D1 will conduct the voltage exceeding 12V to the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 for voltage division. After voltage division, the voltage is transmitted to the control terminal of the third transistor Q3 through the voltage divider node B. After the third transistor Q3 turns on, it pulls down the control terminal of the second transistor Q2 to the ground terminal, turning off the second transistor Q2. After the second transistor Q2 turns off, the third terminal of the first transistor Q1, which was connected to the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, becomes connected to the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3. The load current of the third terminal of the first transistor Q1 quickly enters the low-power output mode.
[0044] When the short circuit at the power output terminal EXT-Power-12V is restored, the first transistor Q1 automatically resumes 12V output because the first resistor R1 and the third resistor R3 pull down the third terminal of the first transistor Q1 to ground.
[0045] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this application, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this application and implement it accordingly. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A power output protection device, characterized in that: The protection device includes a power output protection circuit, which includes: The system includes a power supply, a first transistor, and a power supply output terminal, wherein the power supply is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first transistor, and the second terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the power supply output terminal. The power output protection circuit also includes: The module includes a switching module, a current output regulation module, and a current output protection module. The third terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the current output regulation module, the current output regulation module is electrically connected to the switch module, and the switch module is electrically connected to the circuit connecting the second terminal of the first transistor to the power output terminal. The switch module is configured to connect the third terminal of the first transistor to the power output terminal through the current output regulation module and the switch module when it is turned on. The third terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to the current output protection module, and the current output protection module is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The current output protection module is configured to connect the third terminal of the first transistor to the ground terminal through the current output protection module when the switch module is turned off.
2. The power output protection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The current output adjustment module includes a resistor module consisting of a first resistor and a second resistor. The first resistor is electrically connected to the third electrode of the first transistor and is also electrically connected to the second resistor. The second resistor is electrically connected to the switch module.
3. The power output protection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The current output protection module includes a resistor module consisting of a first resistor and a third resistor. The first resistor is electrically connected to the third electrode of the first transistor and the first resistor is electrically connected to the third resistor. The third resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal.
4. The power output protection device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The switching module includes a second transistor, the control terminal of which is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the power output terminal, the first terminal of which is electrically connected to the second resistor, and the second terminal of which is electrically connected to the ground terminal.
5. The power output protection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The switching module further includes a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor. The fourth resistor is electrically connected to the circuit connecting the second terminal of the first transistor to the power output terminal, and the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The voltage divider node of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the second transistor.
6. The power output protection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The switching module includes a third transistor. The control terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the circuit where the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the power output terminal. The first terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the second transistor, and the second terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal.
7. The power output protection device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The switching module further includes a fourth transistor, the first electrode of which is electrically connected to the circuit where the second electrode of the first transistor is connected to the power output terminal, and the second electrode of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the third transistor.
8. The power output protection device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The switching module further includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor. The sixth resistor is electrically connected to the second electrode of the fourth transistor, and the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The voltage divider node of the sixth resistor and the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the third transistor.