Reverse connection prevention and plugging prevention ignition device for inverter of electric bicycle
By introducing a circuit structure consisting of an MCU control unit and a Zener diode into the electric bicycle inverter, the problem of large current surge at the moment of battery connection is solved by detecting the battery connection status and controlling the conduction time of the MOSFET. This achieves protection against reverse connection and arcing during plugging and unplugging, thus improving the safety and reliability of the circuit.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422962639.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-03
AI Technical Summary
Traditional electric bicycle inverters are prone to sparking and device damage due to high current surges when connecting the battery, and existing technology is not effective in preventing sparking during reverse connection and rapid plugging/unplugging.
The circuit structure consists of an MCU control unit, a MOSFET, a Zener diode, and an NPN transistor. By detecting the positive and negative connection status of the battery and changes in current, the conduction time of the MOSFET is controlled to prevent reverse connection and arcing during plugging and unplugging.
It improves the safety and reliability of electric bicycle inverters, prevents sparking at connectors and damage to components, and enhances the protection capabilities of the circuit.
Smart Images
Figure CN223625576U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to electric bicycle inverters, and more particularly to an anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters. Background Technology
[0002] In traditional inverters, a control switch is often installed at the battery input terminal to force power on the battery. For electric bicycle inverters, since the battery is connected via a plug-and-play connector, the large current at the moment of circuit connection can easily cause arcing at the connector, burning out the plug and socket. These instantaneous large current surges can also trigger the switch's overcurrent protection. Furthermore, to reduce input ripple current and losses, large-capacity capacitors are typically designed on the inverter's battery input side. Because capacitors have low internal resistance, they need to store a large amount of charge. Simultaneously, the battery's internal resistance is also very low, resulting in a large instantaneous current surge when power is applied to the battery. In practical applications, these large current surges can easily damage or destroy components such as capacitors, circuits, plugs and sockets, MOSFETs, and fuses. Utility Model Content
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters that can realize reverse connection protection and prevent sparking during rapid plugging and unplugging, in order to address the shortcomings of the existing technology.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.
[0005] An anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for an electric bicycle inverter includes an MCU control unit, a MOSFET Q1, a Zener diode ZD1, a Zener diode ZD3, an NPN transistor Q2, a MOSFET Q3, a MOSFET Q4, and a fan F1. The first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of a preset battery. The cathode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the control terminal of the MOSFET Q1 and then connected to the positive terminal of the battery through a resistor R8. The anode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1. The fan F1 is connected between the positive terminal of the battery and the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The control terminal of the MOSFET Q4 is connected to the MCU control unit. The first switching terminal of MOSFET Q3 is connected to the second switching terminal of MOSFET Q4. The second switching terminal of MOSFET Q3 is connected to the second switching terminal of MOSFET Q1. The cathode of Zener diode ZD3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through resistor R7. The anode of Zener diode ZD3 is connected to the second switching terminal of MOSFET Q3 through resistor R10. The collector of NPN transistor Q2, the anode of Zener diode ZD3, and the gate of MOSFET Q3 are all connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD3. The emitter of NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the second switching terminal of MOSFET Q3. The collector of NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the MCU control unit through resistor R14.
[0006] Preferably, the device includes a Zener diode ZD2 and a Zener diode ZD4. The cathode of the Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of the Zener diode ZD3. The anode of the Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of the Zener diode ZD4 through a resistor R11. The cathode of the Zener diode ZD4 is connected to the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 through a resistor R12.
[0007] Preferably, it includes resistors R15 and R16, which are connected in series between the positive terminal of the battery and the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4, and the connection point of resistors R15 and R16 is connected to the MCU control unit.
[0008] Preferably, the circuit includes an operational amplifier A1, and a resistor R17 is connected in series on the line between the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 and the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The two ends of the resistor R17 are respectively connected to the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier A1 is connected to the MCU control unit.
[0009] Preferably, it includes a resistor R9 and a capacitor C3, wherein the resistor R9 and the capacitor C3 are connected in parallel between the cathode and anode of the Zener diode ZD1.
[0010] Preferably, it includes a resistor R10 and a capacitor C4, wherein the resistor R10 and the capacitor C4 are connected in parallel between the cathode and anode of the Zener diode ZD2.
[0011] In the reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters disclosed in this utility model, the positive output voltage of the battery is applied to the control terminal of the MOSFET Q1 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1 through the resistor R8. When the user connects the battery incorrectly, causing reverse connection, the reverse connection protection circuit is formed by the resistor R8, the Zener diode ZD1, and the MOSFET Q1. At the same time, the Zener diode ZD3, the resistor R7, and the resistor R10 form an input voltage detection and protection circuit. By detecting the voltage difference between the two switching terminals of the MOSFET Q3, a drive circuit is formed with the NPN transistor Q2, the resistor R11, and the resistor R12 to control the conduction time of the MOSFET Q3. By controlling the conduction time of the MOSFET Q3, anti-sparking control is achieved during plugging and unplugging, effectively improving the safety and reliability of the electric bicycle inverter circuit. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for the electric bicycle inverter of this utility model.
[0013] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the control process of the anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for the electric bicycle inverter of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0014] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0015] This utility model discloses a reverse connection protection and anti-sparking device for an electric bicycle inverter. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1It includes an MCU control unit 1, a MOSFET Q1, a Zener diode ZD1, a Zener diode ZD3, an NPN transistor Q2, a MOSFET Q3, a MOSFET Q4, and a fan F1. The first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of a preset battery. The cathode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the control terminal of the MOSFET Q1 and then to the positive terminal of the battery through a resistor R8. The anode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1. The fan F1 is connected between the positive terminal of the battery and the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The control terminal of the MOSFET Q4 is connected to the MCU control unit 1. The first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3... The second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3. The second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1. The cathode of the Zener diode ZD3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through resistor R7. The anode of the Zener diode ZD3 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 through resistor R10. The collector of the NPN transistor Q2, the anode of the Zener diode ZD3, and the gate of the MOSFET Q3 are all connected to the anode of the Zener diode ZD3. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3. The collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the MCU control unit 1 through resistor R14.
[0016] In the above circuit, the battery positive output voltage is applied to the control terminal of the MOSFET Q1 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1 through the resistor R8. When the user connects the battery incorrectly, causing reverse connection, the reverse connection protection circuit is formed by the resistor R8, the Zener diode ZD1, and the MOSFET Q1. At the same time, the Zener diode ZD3, the resistor R7, and the resistor R10 form an input voltage detection and protection circuit. By detecting the voltage difference between the two switching terminals of the MOSFET Q3, a drive circuit is formed with the NPN transistor Q2, the resistor R11, and the resistor R12 to control the conduction time of the MOSFET Q3. By controlling the conduction time of the MOSFET Q3, anti-sparking control is achieved during plugging and unplugging, effectively improving the safety and reliability of the electric bicycle inverter circuit.
[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the device includes Zener diodes ZD2 and ZD4. The cathode of Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD3. The anode of Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD4 through resistor R11. The cathode of Zener diode ZD4 is connected to the first switching terminal of MOSFET Q3 through resistor R12.
[0018] Furthermore, a resistor R13 is connected between the first and second switching terminals of the MOSFET Q3. In the above circuit, the resistor R13 serves as a buffer resistor, which limits the current when the plug is inserted. In this embodiment, the Zener diode ZD4 is used to detect the voltage difference between the two switching terminals of the MOSFET Q3. The Zener diode ZD4, by acquiring the voltage difference of the buffer resistor R13, works in conjunction with the NPN transistor Q2, resistor R11, and resistor R12 to control the conduction time of the MOSFET Q3.
[0019] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment includes resistors R15 and R16. Resistors R15 and R16 are connected in series between the positive terminal of the battery and the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The connection point of resistors R15 and R16 is connected to the MCU control unit 1. In this embodiment, the voltage signal obtained by the voltage divider between resistors R15 and R16 is transmitted to the MCU control unit 1 for voltage detection.
[0020] Furthermore, this embodiment includes an operational amplifier A1. A resistor R17 is connected in series on the line between the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 and the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The two ends of the resistor R17 are respectively connected to the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1. The output terminal of the operational amplifier A1 is connected to the MCU control unit 1. In the above circuit, the operational amplifier A1 and the resistor R17 cooperate to realize current detection.
[0021] As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment includes a resistor R9 and a capacitor C3, which are connected in parallel between the cathode and anode of the Zener diode ZD1. Simultaneously, this embodiment includes a resistor R10 and a capacitor C4, which are connected in parallel between the cathode and anode of the Zener diode ZD2.
[0022] In practical applications, please refer to the control method of the reverse connection protection and anti-sparking device for the electric bicycle inverter in this embodiment. Figure 2 ,go through Figure 2 The control flow shown enables this invention to accurately control the on / off timing of the main switch transistor, i.e., the MOS transistor Q3, and effectively achieves anti-sparking control during insertion and removal.
[0023] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. All modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the technical scope of the present utility model should be included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A reverse connection protection and anti-sparking device for an electric bicycle inverter, characterized in that, The system includes an MCU control unit (1), a MOSFET Q1, a Zener diode ZD1, a Zener diode ZD3, an NPN transistor Q2, a MOSFET Q3, a MOSFET Q4, and a fan F1. The first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of a preset battery. The cathode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the control terminal of the MOSFET Q1 and then connected to the positive terminal of the battery through a resistor R8. The anode of the Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1. The fan F1 is connected between the positive terminal of the battery and the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The control terminal of the MOSFET Q4 is connected to the MCU control unit (1). The first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3... The second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3, the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4, the cathode of the Zener diode ZD3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through resistor R7, the anode of the Zener diode ZD3 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 through resistor R10, the collector of the NPN transistor Q2, the anode of the Zener diode ZD3 and the gate of the MOSFET Q3 are all connected to the anode of the Zener diode ZD3, the emitter of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the MCU control unit (1) through resistor R14.
2. The anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes Zener diodes ZD2 and ZD4. The cathode of Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD3. The anode of Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of Zener diode ZD4 through resistor R11. The cathode of Zener diode ZD4 is connected to the first switching terminal of MOSFET Q3 through resistor R12.
3. The anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes resistors R15 and R16. Resistors R15 and R16 are connected in series between the positive terminal of the battery and the second switching terminal of the MOS transistor Q4. The connection point of resistors R15 and R16 is connected to the MCU control unit (1).
4. The anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes an operational amplifier A1. A resistor R17 is connected in series on the line between the first switching terminal of the MOSFET Q3 and the second switching terminal of the MOSFET Q4. The two ends of the resistor R17 are respectively connected to the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1. The output terminal of the operational amplifier A1 is connected to the MCU control unit (1).
5. The anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a resistor R9 and a capacitor C3, which are connected in parallel between the cathode and anode of the Zener diode ZD1.
6. The anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a resistor R10 and a capacitor C4, which are connected in parallel between the cathode and anode of the Zener diode ZD2.
7. The anti-reverse connection and anti-sparking device for electric bicycle inverters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A resistor R13 is connected between the first and second switching terminals of the MOSFET Q3.