Calorimeter for measuring specific heat capacity of metal

Abstract

The utility model discloses a calorimeter for measuring specific heat capacity of metal, which is characterized in that an injection mechanism for injecting liquid into an inner cylinder (1) of the calorimeter is arranged on a cylinder cover (4) of the calorimeter, that is, a cylindrical hole (41) is processed on the cylinder cover (4), a square groove (42) is processed beside the cylindrical hole (41), a rubber plug (8) is covered on the cylindrical hole (41), and the upper end face of the rubber plug (8) is connected with a rubber plug seat (82) through a connecting piece (81). The rubber plug seat (82) is embedded into a square groove (42) in the cylinder cover (4), and the rubber plug (8) can automatically stand above the rubber plug seat (82) when being opened. In the process of adding high-temperature water or low-temperature water into a system, the cylinder cover (4) of the calorimeter does not need to be opened, only a small cylindrical hole (41) is communicated with the outside, meanwhile, due to the fact that the rubber plug (8) is rapidly opened and closed, the heat dissipation area and the heat dissipation time of high-temperature liquid to the environment are greatly reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the metal specific heat capacity is remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a physical experiment teaching instrument especially to a calorimeter for measuring specific heat capacity of metal. BACKGROUND

[0002] In physical experiments, the specific heat capacity of metal materials is generally measured by using mixed calorimetry, that is, the metal to be measured with a known initial temperature is mixed with water with a known initial temperature in a calorimeter, and the equilibrium temperature of the system after mixing the metal block with water is measured under the condition that there is no heat exchange between the calorimeter and the outside world, and the specific heat capacity of the metal block can be calculated through the heat balance equation. One specific method is to place the metal block into the calorimeter (or mix the metal block with water, where the water can be low-temperature water or high-temperature water), and then pour high-temperature water or low-temperature water into the calorimeter. To improve the accuracy of measuring the specific heat capacity of metal, the measured metal block and the water added later should have a large temperature difference.

[0003] In fact, there is a large measurement error in measuring the specific heat capacity of metal by using the traditional calorimeter for mixed calorimetry. The main sources of error are as follows: (1) When the calorimeter is filled with high-temperature water and a metal block, the lid of the calorimeter needs to be opened after the initial temperature is measured, low-temperature water is added, and the lid of the calorimeter is closed again to measure the equilibrium temperature. This process needs a long time to complete, and a large amount of heat is lost in space during the opening of the calorimeter lid, which makes the initial temperature measurement inaccurate. (2) When the calorimeter is filled with a low-temperature metal block (or a low-temperature metal block with water), the lid of the calorimeter needs to be opened, high-temperature water is added, and the lid of the calorimeter is closed again to measure the equilibrium temperature. During the process of adding high-temperature water, the lid of the calorimeter is also opened, and the flowing high-temperature water will quickly dissipate heat to the environment. It has been proved in practice that this is the main reason affecting the experimental results and the inaccuracy of measuring the specific heat capacity of metal. Therefore, to ensure the success of the experiment, it is necessary to shorten the time of completely opening the calorimeter lid and reduce the area of heat dissipation from the high-temperature system to the environment as much as possible. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] The utility model aims at overcoming the shortcomings of the calorimeter in the background art, improving the prior art, and providing a calorimeter which does not need to open the cylinder lid 4 of the calorimeter and can quickly add high-temperature or low-temperature water into the calorimeter, thereby greatly reducing the heat dissipation from the high-temperature system to the environment.

[0005] The utility model aims at overcoming the shortcomings of the calorimeter in the background art, improving the prior art, and providing a calorimeter which does not need to open the cylinder lid 4 of the calorimeter and can quickly add high-temperature or low-temperature water into the calorimeter, thereby greatly reducing the heat dissipation from the high-temperature system to the environment.

[0006] A calorimeter for measuring the specific heat capacity of metal as shown in Figure 1 A calorimeter for measuring the specific heat capacity of metal, comprising a calorimeter body, a cylinder lid 4 arranged at the upper end of the calorimeter body, and an injection mechanism arranged on the calorimeter cylinder lid 4 for injecting liquid into the calorimeter body:

[0007] The calorimeter body comprises an inner cylinder 1 and an outer cylinder 2, the inner cylinder 1 is placed in the outer cylinder by the heat insulation pad 3; the cylinder cover 4 is a stepped cylinder made of engineering plastic, the upper part of the cylinder cover 4 is a large-diameter cylinder, the lower end surface of the stepped part is buckled on the upper edge of the outer cylinder 2, the lower part is a small-diameter cylinder, the lower end surface of the small cylinder covers the upper edge of the inner cylinder 1, the cylinder cover 4 is provided with a stirrer hole 10, and the injection mechanism for injecting liquid into the inner cylinder 1 of the calorimeter body is arranged on the cylinder cover 4 opposite to the stirrer hole 10;

[0008] The injection mechanism is a cylindrical hole 41 machined on the cylinder cover 4, the cylindrical hole 41 also needs to be within the range of the cylinder cover 4 corresponding to the inner cylinder 1, and a square groove 42 is machined beside the cylindrical hole 41;

[0009] The cylindrical hole 41 connects the space of the inner cylinder 1 of the calorimeter body with the space outside the cylinder cover 4;

[0010] The diameter of the cylindrical hole 41 is 6-10mm, and the cylindrical hole 41 is covered with a rubber plug 8, which isolates the space of the inner cylinder 1 of the calorimeter body from the space outside the cylinder cover 4;

[0011] The rubber plug 8 is in the shape of a circular truncated cone, and the upper end surface of the circular truncated cone is connected with the rubber plug seat 82 through the connecting piece 81;

[0012] The rubber plug seat 82 is embedded in the square groove 42 on the cylinder cover 4 and is fixedly bonded with the square groove 42, and the connecting piece 81 is higher than the upper plane of the cylinder cover 4.

[0013] When the rubber plug 8 is opened, it is automatically erected above the rubber plug seat 82 under the elastic force of the connecting piece 81 and does not block the cylindrical hole 41.

[0014] The rubber plug 8, the connecting piece 81 and the rubber plug seat 82 are integrally made of a rubber material with good elasticity.

[0015] The calorimeter for measuring the specific heat capacity of metal also needs to be provided with a large glass syringe 11 with a specification of 60-100ml and a metal 9 to be measured.

[0016] The technical scheme of the heat meter provided by the utility model can overcome the difficulties in the prior art, and has the beneficial effects that: (1) when it is necessary to add high-temperature water or low-temperature water into the heat meter body, only the large syringe 11, which is internally provided with hot water at a certain temperature and is heated in the heater in advance, needs to be injected into the inner cylinder 1 of the heat meter body through the cylindrical hole 41, without opening the cylinder cover 4 of the heat meter, only the cylindrical hole 41 connects the inner cylinder 1 with the external environment, so that the high-temperature water in the inner cylinder 1 or the high-temperature water injected into the inner cylinder 1 is prevented from contacting the environment in a large range during the injection process, and a large amount of heat loss is avoided; (2) the rubber plug 8 is opened by hand, and the rubber plug 8 is automatically erected above the rubber plug seat 82 under the elastic force of the connecting piece 81, so that the cylindrical hole 41 is not blocked, the syringe is convenient to inject liquid into the inner cylinder 1, after the operation is completed, the cylindrical hole 41 can be plugged by directly pressing the rubber plug 8 by hand, the operation of adding liquid into the heat meter is completed in a very short time, the time for opening the heat meter system and the heat dissipation area are greatly reduced, the heat exchange between the heat meter system and the external environment is reduced, and the accuracy of the measurement result is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 The utility model provides a kind of heat meter structure schematic diagram of measuring metal specific heat capacity for the embodiment of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 The utility model provides a kind of heat meter injection liquid schematic diagram of measuring metal specific heat capacity for the embodiment of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 The utility model provides a kind of heat meter cylinder cover structure schematic diagram of measuring metal specific heat capacity.

[0021] Figure 4 The utility model provides a kind of heat meter cylinder cover closing rubber plug schematic diagram after for the embodiment of the utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 The utility model provides a kind of heat meter injection mechanism A-A sectional view of measuring metal specific heat capacity.

[0023] In the figure: 1, inner cylinder, 2, cylinder outer cylinder, 3, heat insulation pad, 4, cylinder cover, 41, cylindrical hole, 42, square groove, 5, stirrer, 6, display, 7, sensor, 8, rubber plug, 81, connecting piece, 82, rubber plug seat, 9, metal to be measured, 10, stirrer hole, 11, syringe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] A kind of calorimeter of measuring metal specific heat capacity, its preferable specific embodiment as shown in the drawing.

[0025] A kind of calorimeter of measuring metal specific heat capacity, it includes calorimeter body, the cylinder cover 4 of being equipped with on calorimeter body upper end.

[0026] In traditional calorimeter, calorimeter body generally includes inner cylinder 1, outer cylinder 2, inner cylinder 1 is placed in outer cylinder by heat insulation pad 3, the cylinder cover 4 is the stepped cylinder made of engineering plastics, the upper portion of cylinder cover 4 is larger diameter cylinder, the lower end surface of its stepped portion is buckled in the upper edge of outer cylinder 2, the lower portion is smaller diameter cylinder, the lower end surface of small cylinder covers the upper edge of inner cylinder 1, cylinder cover 4 is equipped with stirrer hole 10, temperature measuring hole 12 for measuring temperature.And in the present application, injection mechanism for injecting liquid into calorimeter body is specially arranged on the cylinder cover 4 of calorimeter.

[0027] Injection mechanism is arranged on the other side of cylinder cover 4 opposite stirrer hole 10, that is, cylindrical hole 41 is processed on cylinder cover 4, cylindrical hole 41 also needs to be in the range of cylinder cover 4 corresponding to inner cylinder 1, square groove 42 is processed on the side of cylindrical hole 41, the space of inner cylinder 1 of calorimeter body is communicated with the space outside cylinder cover 4 by cylindrical hole 41;

[0028] Rubber plug 8 is covered on cylindrical hole 41, and rubber plug 8 isolates the space of inner cylinder 1 of calorimeter body from the space outside cylinder cover 4 from each other.

[0029] In order to facilitate the opening and closing of rubber plug 8, rubber plug 8 is in the shape of circular truncated cone, the upper end surface of circular truncated cone is connected together with rubber plug seat 82 through connecting piece 81, rubber plug seat 82 is embedded into square groove 42 on cylinder cover 4, and is fixedly bonded with square groove 42, and connecting piece 81 is higher than the upper plane of cylinder cover 4, requires that rubber plug 8 is automatically erected above rubber plug seat 82 under the elastic force of connecting piece 81 when opening, and will not block cylindrical hole 41.

[0030] Rubber plug 8, connecting piece 81 and rubber plug seat 82 are integrally made of good elastic rubber material.

[0031] A kind of calorimeter of measuring metal specific heat capacity, it also needs to prepare another large glass syringe 9 when measuring, its specification is 60-100ml, and it is appropriate to inject about 80ml of water into calorimeter each time.In addition, a piece of metal to be measured 9 is also needed.

[0032] The cylindrical hole 41 is not too large, preferably 6-10mm in diameter.

[0033] The experimental device uses electronic temperature measurement, and a sensor 7 and a display 6 are installed on the calorimeter to read the temperature of the system.

[0034] The actual operation is as follows:

[0035] (1) When the calorimeter is filled with high-temperature water and the metal to be measured 9 as a high-temperature system, the initial temperature of the system is measured, and then low-temperature water is added to the calorimeter. The method is to open the rubber plug 8, inject about 60ml of room temperature water (about 20℃) into the inner cylinder 1 through the cylindrical hole 41 using a syringe 11, then quickly press down the rubber plug 8 to seal the system, and read the final temperature of the system on the display 6. The mass of each related quantity is measured, and all known quantities are brought into the heat balance formula to calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal to be measured 9.

[0036] (2) When the calorimeter is filled with low-temperature metal to be measured 9 (or low-temperature metal to be measured 9 plus low-temperature water), the low-temperature metal to be measured 9 can be directly set to room temperature as the initial temperature of the system. If the inner cylinder 1 is filled with low-temperature metal to be measured 9 plus water, the initial equilibrium temperature of the system can be measured by the sensor 7 and the display 6, then about 60ml of high-temperature water (about 80℃) is injected into the inner cylinder 1 through the cylindrical hole 41 using a syringe 11, then the rubber plug 8 is quickly pressed down to seal the system, and the final temperature of the system is read on the display 6. The mass of each related quantity is measured, and all known quantities are brought into the heat balance formula to calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal to be measured 9. The high-temperature water is pre-injected into the syringe 11, and the syringe is placed in a heater filled with high-temperature water to maintain the temperature. The temperature is monitored by a thermometer. When the syringe 11 is taken out to inject water into the calorimeter, the water temperature at this time is the temperature of the high-temperature water.

[0037] In the above actual measurement operation, after measuring the initial equilibrium temperature of the system, the cylindrical hole 41 is only connected to the outside during the process of adding water (high-temperature water or low-temperature water) to the system, greatly reducing the area of heat dissipation of high-temperature liquid to the environment. At the same time, because the rubber plug 8 is opened and closed quickly, the time used to open and close the rubber plug 8 is much less than the time to open and close the cylinder cover 4 (the cylinder cover 4 also has a stirrer 5, a display 6 and a sensor 7, which is very inconvenient to operate), greatly reducing the time of heat dissipation of high-temperature liquid to the environment, so as to significantly improve the measurement accuracy of the specific heat capacity of the metal.

[0038] The above merely describes a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A calorimeter for measuring the specific heat capacity of a metal, comprising an inner cylinder (1), an outer cylinder (2) and a cylinder cover (4) of the calorimeter, characterized in that The injection mechanism for injecting liquid into the calorimeter body is arranged on the calorimeter cover (4); The inner cylinder (1) is arranged in the outer cylinder (2) through the heat insulation pad (3), the cover (4) is a stepped cylinder made of engineering plastic, the upper part of the cover (4) is a large-diameter cylinder, the lower end surface of the stepped part is buckled on the upper edge of the outer cylinder (2), the lower part is a small-diameter cylinder, the lower end surface of the small cylinder covers the upper edge of the inner cylinder (1), the cover (4) is provided with a stirrer hole (10), and the injection mechanism for injecting liquid into the calorimeter body is arranged on the cover (4) opposite to the stirrer hole (10); The injection mechanism is that a cylindrical hole (41) is processed on the cover (4), the cylindrical hole (41) also needs to be in the range of the cover (4) corresponding to the inner cylinder (1), and a square groove (42) is processed beside the cylindrical hole (41); The cylindrical hole (41) is connected with the space outside the cover (4) and the space of the inner cylinder (1) of the calorimeter body; The cylindrical hole (41) is covered with a rubber plug (8), and the rubber plug (8) isolates the space of the inner cylinder (1) of the calorimeter body and the space outside the cover (4) from each other; The rubber plug (8) is in the shape of a circular truncated cone, and the upper end surface of the circular truncated cone is connected with a rubber plug seat (82) through a connecting piece (81); The rubber plug seat (82) is embedded in the square groove (42) on the cover (4) and is fixedly bonded with the square groove (42), and the connecting piece (81) is higher than the upper plane of the cover (4); When the rubber plug (8) is opened, it is automatically erected above the rubber plug seat (82) under the elastic force of the connecting piece (81) and does not block the cylindrical hole (41).

2. A calorimeter for measuring the specific heat capacity of a metal according to claim 1, wherein The rubber plug (8), the connecting piece (81) and the rubber plug seat (82) are integrally made of a rubber material with good elasticity.

3. A calorimeter for measuring the specific heat of a metal according to claim 1, wherein The diameter of the cylindrical hole (41) is 6-10 mm.

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