Universal valve head of prefilter
By designing a universal valve head and a multi-layered filtration structure, the complexity of installing traditional pre-filters has been solved, enabling flexible adjustment and efficient filtration, and ensuring the durability and sealing of the filter in various environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423111209.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-17
AI Technical Summary
Traditional pre-filters have a fixed valve head orientation, which results in high requirements for installation space and pipeline layout, increasing installation costs and difficulty, and making it difficult to adapt to complex environments.
A universal valve head for a pre-filter was designed. Through a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a bearing, a sealing gasket, and a wear-resistant pad, the universal valve body can rotate to adjust the direction of water flow. Combined with a multi-layered filtration structure of stainless steel mesh, glass fiber, activated carbon, and ceramic filter element, it provides high-efficiency filtration and durability.
It allows for flexible adjustment of water flow direction and installation angle, ensuring sealing and durability, providing efficient multi-level filtration, protecting subsequent filtration structures from damage, and extending service life.
Smart Images

Figure CN223641472U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to filter field especially relates to a front filter's universal valve head. BACKGROUND
[0002] The front filter is usually used in the domestic or industrial water treatment system to remove the large particle impurities in the water, such as sand, rust, silt, etc., to protect the subsequent water treatment equipment, such as water softener, water purifier, etc., to prolong its service life and improve its working efficiency. The universal valve head is a key component in the front filter, which allows users to conveniently adjust the direction and position of the filter to adapt to different installation environments and needs.
[0003] Because the valve head direction of the traditional front filter is fixed, it has high requirements for installation space and pipeline layout. In some complex installation environments, a lot of pipeline modification may be needed for installation, which increases the installation cost and difficulty. Therefore, the universal valve head of the front filter is provided by the person skilled in the art to solve the problems raised in the background technology. SUMMARY
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art, and a universal valve head of a front filter is provided. The first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the bearing, the sealing gasket and the wear-resistant pad allow the universal valve body to rotate relative to the filter valve body, so that the water flow direction can be flexibly adjusted or different installation angles can be adapted. The presence of the bearing allows the universal valve body to be rotated and adjusted as needed, while the sealing gasket and the wear-resistant pad ensure the sealing and durability of the connection, prevent water leakage and prolong the service life of the connection rotating structure. The multi-level filter structure of stainless steel mesh, glass fiber, activated carbon and ceramic filter element can provide high-efficiency filtration effect. The stainless steel mesh serves as a preliminary filtration layer to intercept larger particles. The glass fiber further filters small particles and suspended solids. The activated carbon adsorbs harmful substances such as odors, organic matter and residual chlorine in the water. The ceramic filter element performs fine filtration to remove bacteria, viruses and other small particles. This multi-level filtration structure ensures the cleanliness and hygiene of the water flow. The wear-resistant layer protects the filter valve body from wear and damage, and the filter screen is included to preliminarily filter the water flow. This design ensures the durability and efficiency of the filter in various environments. The wear-resistant layer can withstand external forces and friction, while the filter screen can intercept larger particles in the water, such as silt and rust, to protect the subsequent filter structure from damage.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: a universal valve head of prefilter, including filter valve body, the inside wall of filter valve body is equipped with the protection structure with outside wall, one side wall center of filter valve body is equipped with connecting rotation structure, one side wall center of connecting rotation structure is equipped with universal valve body, the first connecting mouth is equipped in the upper place of one side wall center of universal valve body and filter valve body, the inside center of universal valve body is equipped with filter structure,
[0006] Through the above technical scheme, through first connecting pipe, second connecting pipe, bearing, sealing washer and wear -resisting pad, the universal valve body can rotate relative to the filter valve body, so that the water flow direction can be adjusted flexibly or adapt to different installation angles, the existence of bearing allows the universal valve body to rotate according to the need, and sealing washer and wear -resisting pad ensure the sealing and durability of the connecting place, prevent water leakage and prolong the service life of the connecting rotation structure, through stainless steel net, glass fiber, activated carbon and ceramic filter element, this multilayer filtering structure can provide efficient filtering effect, stainless steel net as the preliminary filtering layer, intercepts larger particle impurities, glass fiber further filters small particles and suspended solids, activated carbon adsorbs odors, organic matter and residual chlorine and other harmful substances in water, and ceramic filter element carries out fine filtration and removes bacteria, viruses and other small particles, and the multilayer filtering structure ensures the cleanliness and hygiene of water flow, the wear -resisting layer is used to protect the filter valve body from wear and damage, and the filter screen is used to preliminarily filter the water flow, and the design ensures the durability and efficiency of the filter in various environments, the wear -resisting layer can bear external force and friction, and the filter screen can intercept larger particle impurities in water, such as silt and rust, so as to protect the subsequent filtering structure from damage.
[0007] Further, the protection structure includes a wear-resistant layer and a filter screen, the wear-resistant layer is sleeved on the outer side wall of the filter valve body, and the filter screen is sleeved on the inner side wall of the filter valve body.
[0008] Through the above technical scheme, when the filter valve body contacts the surrounding environment or is subjected to external force during use, the wear-resistant layer can bear friction and impact, protecting the filter valve body from wear and damage, and during installation or transportation, the filter valve body may collide with other objects, and the wear-resistant layer can play a buffering and protection role, when the water flow passes through the filter valve body, the filter screen can preliminarily filter the water flow and intercept larger particle impurities such as silt and rust, and after the water flow enters the filter valve body, the larger particle impurities are blocked by the filter screen, and the relatively clean water flow continues to flow to the subsequent filtering structure.
[0009] Further, the connecting rotating structure comprises a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a bearing, two first sealing pads, two second sealing pads and two wear-resistant pads, the first connecting pipe is arranged at the center of one side wall of the universal valve body, the second connecting pipe is arranged at the center of one side wall of the filter valve body, the bearing is arranged at the center of the inner side wall of the first connecting pipe and at the center of the outer side wall of the second connecting pipe, the two first sealing pads are arranged at the center of the two side walls of the bearing, the two second sealing pads are arranged at the center of the side walls of the two first sealing pads respectively, and the two wear-resistant pads are arranged at the center of the side walls of the two first sealing pads respectively.
[0010] Through the above technical scheme, the first connecting pipe is a part of the connection between the universal valve body and the external pipeline, the second connecting pipe is used for the connection between the filter valve body and the external pipeline, the bearing enables the universal valve body to rotate the filter valve body, in actual use, when it is necessary to adjust the water flow direction or adapt to different installation angles, the universal valve body can be flexibly rotated through the action of the bearing, the two first sealing pads play a sealing role to prevent water flow from leaking from the bearing, the two second sealing pads enhance the sealing effect, and the two wear-resistant pads reduce the wear of the connection part and improve the stability and durability of the connection, when the water flow passes through the filter valve body and the universal valve body, the connecting rotating structure ensures the smooth passing of the water flow, at the same time, due to the existence of the bearing, the universal valve body can be rotated and adjusted as needed to adapt to different installation environments and water flow direction requirements, the first sealing pads and the second sealing pads ensure that the connection part does not leak to ensure the normal operation of the filter system, and the wear-resistant pads can reduce the wear of the connection part during use to prolong the service life of the connecting rotating structure.
[0011] Further, the filter structure comprises a stainless steel mesh, glass fiber, activated carbon and a ceramic filter element, the stainless steel mesh is sleeved on the inner side wall of the universal valve body, the glass fiber is sleeved on the inner side wall of the stainless steel mesh, the activated carbon is sleeved on the inner side wall of the glass fiber, and the ceramic filter element is arranged at the inner center of the activated carbon.
[0012] Through the technical scheme, the stainless steel net is the outermost layer of the filter structure and mainly plays a role of preliminary filtration, can intercept larger impurities such as rust, sand and the like, the glass fiber has a fine fiber structure and can further filter small particles and suspended matters in water, the activated carbon has strong adsorption capacity and can adsorb harmful substances such as peculiar smell, organic matter and residual chlorine in water, the ceramic filter core has a micro-porous structure and can finely filter water to remove small particles such as bacteria and viruses, when water flows through the universal valve body and enters the filter structure, the water is first subjected to preliminary filtration by the stainless steel net to remove larger impurities, then the water further passes through the glass fiber to filter small particles and suspended matters, then the water passes through the activated carbon to adsorb and remove harmful substances such as peculiar smell, organic matter and residual chlorine, and finally the water passes through the ceramic filter core to be finely filtered to remove small particles such as bacteria and viruses, so that clean and clean water is obtained.
[0013] Further, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are adapted to each other;
[0014] Through the technical scheme, it is ensured that the filter does not leak water from the connection part during operation, which not only improves the filtering efficiency, but also avoids waste of water resources and possible damage to the surrounding environment.
[0015] Further, the upper end face and the lower end face of the universal valve body and the upper end face of the filter valve body are provided with second connecting ports;
[0016] Through the technical scheme, the flexibility and adaptability of the filter installation are improved, and no matter in a complex pipeline system or in a space-limited environment, a suitable connection mode can be found to facilitate installation and maintenance.
[0017] Further, the filter valve body and the universal valve body are made of stainless steel;
[0018] Through the technical scheme, stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, high strength and high temperature resistance, and the filter valve body and the universal valve body are made of stainless steel, which can withstand the pressure and impact of water flow, and is not easy to rust and corrode in a long-term water contact environment, ensuring the stability and reliability of the filter.
[0019] The utility model has the advantages of:
[0020] In the utility model, the universal valve head of the pre-filter passes through the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the bearing, the sealing gasket and the wear-resistant pad, so that the universal valve body can rotate the filter valve body, thereby the water flow direction can be flexibly adjusted or different installation angles can be adapted, the bearing allows the universal valve body to rotate and adjust as needed, and the sealing gasket and the wear-resistant pad ensure the sealing property and durability of the connection, prevent water leakage and prolong the service life of the connection rotating structure.
[0021] In the utility model, through stainless steel net, glass fiber, activated carbon and ceramic filter element, the multi-level filter structure can provide efficient filtering effect, stainless steel net is used as preliminary filter layer, intercepts larger particle impurities, glass fiber further filters small particles and suspended solids, activated carbon adsorbs odour, organic matter and harmful substances such as residual chlorine in water, and ceramic filter element carries out fine filtration and removes bacteria, viruses and other small particles, and the multi-level filter structure ensures the cleanliness and hygiene of water flow.
[0022] In the utility model, the wear-resistant layer is used to protect the filter valve body from wear and damage, and the filter screen is used to preliminarily filter water flow, and the design ensures the durability and high efficiency of the filter in various environments, the wear-resistant layer can bear external force and friction, and the filter screen can intercept larger particle impurities such as silt and rust in water, so that the subsequent filter structure is protected from damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 A perspective view of a universal valve head of a prefilter is provided for the utility model;
[0024] Figure 2 A front view of a universal valve head of a prefilter is provided for the utility model;
[0025] Figure 3 A side view of a universal valve head of a prefilter is provided for the utility model;
[0026] Figure 4 A Figure 2 An enlarged schematic view of position A in the utility model.
[0027] LEGEND:
[0028] 1, filter valve body; 2, protection structure; 201, wear-resistant layer; 202, filter screen; 3, first connecting port; 4, connecting rotating structure; 401, first connecting pipe; 402, second connecting pipe; 403, bearing; 404, first sealing gasket; 405, second sealing gasket; 406, wear-resistant gasket; 5, universal valve body; 6, filter structure; 601, stainless steel net; 602, glass fiber; 603, activated carbon; 604, ceramic filter element; 7, second connecting port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.
[0030] With reference to Figures 1-4 In one embodiment of the present application, the universal valve head of the pre-filter comprises a filter valve body 1, a protective structure 2 arranged on the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the filter valve body 1, a connecting rotation structure 4 arranged at the center of one side wall of the filter valve body 1, a universal valve body 5 arranged at the center of one side wall of the connecting rotation structure 4, a first connecting port 3 arranged at the upper center of one side wall of the filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5, a filter structure 6 arranged at the center of the interior of the universal valve body 5, and the protective structure 2 plays a role in protecting the filter valve body 1. During the working process of the filter, the protective structure 2 can prevent damage to the filter valve body 1 caused by external impact, corrosion and wear, and also helps to maintain the stable flow of water flow, avoiding the influence of turbulence and other conditions on the filtering effect. The connecting rotation structure 4 connects the filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5, so that the universal valve body 5 can rotate the filter valve body 1. This rotation function can conveniently adjust the direction of the universal valve body 5 to adapt to different installation requirements and pipeline layout. The connecting rotation structure 4 ensures the smooth flow of water flow between the filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5. The first connecting port 3 is used to connect the external pipeline. The water flow enters the universal valve body 5 or the filter valve body 1 through the first connecting port 3. When the water flow passes through the universal valve body 5, the filter structure 6 filters the water flow. The filter structure 6 filters different impurities in the water flow by filtering materials in sequence, so as to obtain clean water.
[0031] The upper end face and the lower end face of the universal valve body 5 and the upper end face of the filter valve body 1 are provided with a second connecting port 7, which increases the flexibility and adaptability of the filter installation. No matter in a complex pipeline system or in a space-limited environment, a suitable connection mode can be found to facilitate installation and maintenance. The filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5 are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, high strength and high temperature resistance. The filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5 are made of stainless steel, which can withstand the pressure and impact of water flow. At the same time, it is not easy to rust and corrode in the environment of long-term contact with water, which ensures the stability and reliability of the filter.
[0032] The protective structure 2 comprises a wear-resistant layer 201 and a filter screen 202, the wear-resistant layer 201 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the filter valve body 1, and the filter screen 202 is sleeved on the inner side wall of the filter valve body 1. During use of the filter valve body 1, when the filter valve body 1 is in contact with the surrounding environment or subjected to external force, the wear-resistant layer 201 can withstand friction and impact, protecting the filter valve body 1 from being worn and damaged. During installation or transportation, the filter valve body 1 may collide with other objects, and the wear-resistant layer 201 can play a buffering and protecting role. When the water flow passes through the filter valve body 1, the filter screen 202 can preliminarily filter the water flow and intercept larger impurities in the water, such as sand, rust, etc. After the water flow enters the filter valve body 1, it first passes through the filter screen 202, and larger impurities are blocked by the filter screen 202, while the relatively clean water flow continues to flow to the subsequent filter structure 6.
[0033] The connecting rotating structure 4 comprises a first connecting pipe 401, a second connecting pipe 402, a bearing 403, two first sealing pads 404, two second sealing pads 405 and two wear-resistant pads 406. The first connecting pipe 401 is arranged at the center of one side wall of the universal valve body 5, the second connecting pipe 402 is arranged at the center of one side wall of the filter valve body 1, the bearing 403 is arranged at the center of the inner side wall of the first connecting pipe 401 and at the center of the outer side wall of the second connecting pipe 402, the two first sealing pads 404 are arranged at the center of the two side walls of the bearing 403, the two second sealing pads 405 are respectively arranged at the center of one side wall of the two first sealing pads 404, and the two wear-resistant pads 406 are respectively arranged at the center of one side wall of the two first sealing pads 404.
[0034] The first connecting pipe 401 is a part of the connection between the universal valve body 5 and the external pipeline, the second connecting pipe 402 is used for the connection between the filter valve body 1 and the external pipeline, the bearing 403 enables the universal valve body 5 to rotate the filter valve body 1, in actual use, when it is necessary to adjust the water flow direction or adapt to different installation angles, the universal valve body 5 can be flexibly rotated through the action of the bearing 403, the two first sealing pads 404 play a sealing role to prevent water leakage from the bearing 403, the two second sealing pads 405 enhance the sealing effect, the two wear-resistant pads 406 reduce the wear of the connection part and improve the stability and durability of the connection, when the water flow passes through the filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5, the connection rotating structure 4 ensures the smooth passage of the water flow, at the same time, due to the existence of the bearing 403, the universal valve body 5 can be rotated and adjusted as needed to adapt to different installation environments and water flow direction requirements, the first sealing pad 404 and the second sealing pad 405 ensure that the connection part does not leak to ensure the normal operation of the filter system, and the wear-resistant pad 406 can reduce the wear of the connection part during use to prolong the service life of the connection rotating structure 4, the first connecting pipe 401 and the second connecting pipe 402 are matched with each other to ensure that the water flow does not leak from the connection part during the working process of the filter, which not only improves the filtering efficiency but also avoids the waste of water resources and the damage to the surrounding environment.
[0035] The filter structure 6 includes a stainless steel mesh 601, a glass fiber 602, an activated carbon 603 and a ceramic filter core 604, the stainless steel mesh 601 is sleeved on the inner side of the universal valve body 5, the glass fiber 602 is sleeved on the inner side wall of the stainless steel mesh 601, the activated carbon 603 is sleeved on the inner side wall of the glass fiber 602, and the ceramic filter core 604 is arranged at the inner center of the activated carbon 603, the stainless steel mesh 601 is the outermost layer of the filter structure 6 and mainly plays a role in preliminary filtration to intercept larger impurities such as rust, sand and the like, the glass fiber 602 has a fine fiber structure and can further filter the micro-particles and suspended matters in the water, the activated carbon 603 has strong adsorption capacity and can adsorb harmful substances such as odor, organic matter and residual chlorine in the water, and the ceramic filter core 604 has a micro-porous structure and can finely filter the water to remove micro-particles such as bacteria and viruses, when the water flow passes through the universal valve body 5 and enters the filter structure 6, it is first subjected to preliminary filtration by the stainless steel mesh 601 to remove larger impurities, then passes through the glass fiber 602 to further filter the micro-particles and suspended matters, then passes through the activated carbon 603 to adsorb and remove harmful substances such as odor, organic matter and residual chlorine, and finally passes through the ceramic filter core 604 to be finely filtered to remove micro-particles such as bacteria and viruses, so that clean and clean water is obtained.
[0036] Working principle: During the use of the filter valve body 1, when the filter valve body 1 is in contact with the surrounding environment or subjected to external force, the wear-resistant layer 201 can withstand friction and impact, protecting the filter valve body 1 from being worn and damaged. During installation or transportation, the filter valve body 1 may collide with other objects, and the wear-resistant layer 201 can play a buffering and protective role. When the water flow passes through the filter valve body 1, the filter screen 202 will preliminarily filter the water flow, intercepting larger particles of impurities such as sand, rust, etc. After the water flow enters the filter valve body 1, it first passes through the filter screen 202, and larger particles of impurities are blocked by the filter screen 202, while the relatively clean water flow continues to flow to the subsequent filter structure 6. The first connecting pipe 401 serves as a part of the universal valve body 5 connected to the external pipeline, and the second connecting pipe 402 is used for the connection between the filter valve body 1 and the external pipeline. The bearing 403 enables the universal valve body 5 to rotate the filter valve body 1.
[0037] When the water flow direction needs to be adjusted or different installation angles are required, the universal valve body 5 can be flexibly rotated through the action of the bearing 403. The two first sealing gaskets 404 play a sealing role to prevent water leakage from the bearing 403, and the two second sealing gaskets 405 enhance the sealing effect. The two wear-resistant pads 406 reduce the wear of the connection part and improve the stability and durability of the connection. When the water flow passes through the filter valve body 1 and the universal valve body 5, the connection rotating structure 4 ensures smooth passage of the water flow. At the same time, due to the presence of the bearing 403, the universal valve body 5 can be rotated as needed to adapt to different installation environments and water flow direction requirements. The first and second sealing gaskets 404 ensure that the connection does not leak, ensuring the normal operation of the filtration system. The wear-resistant pads 406 can reduce the wear of the connection part during use, prolonging the service life of the connection rotating structure 4.
[0038] When the water flow passes through the universal valve body 5, the stainless steel mesh 601 serves as the outermost layer of the filter structure 6 and mainly plays a preliminary filtering role, intercepting larger particles of impurities such as rust, sand, etc. The glass fiber 602 has a fine fiber structure that can further filter small particles and suspended matter in the water. The activated carbon 603 has strong adsorption capacity and can adsorb harmful substances such as odors, organic matter, and residual chlorine in the water. The ceramic filter element 604 has a microporous structure that can finely filter water, removing bacteria, viruses, and other small particles. When the water flow passes through the universal valve body 5 and enters the filter structure 6, it first undergoes preliminary filtration by the stainless steel mesh 601, removing larger particles of impurities. Then, the water flow passes through the glass fiber 602, further filtering small particles and suspended matter. Next, the water flow passes through the activated carbon 603, which adsorbs and removes harmful substances such as odors, organic matter, and residual chlorine. Finally, the water flow passes through the ceramic filter element 604, which performs fine filtration to remove bacteria, viruses, and other small particles, resulting in clean and clean water.
[0039] It should be pointed out finally that: the above only for the preferred embodiments of the utility model have, and do not for limiting the utility model, although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for the person skilled in the art, it still can modify the technical scheme recorded in the foregoing each embodiment, or make equivalent replacement to part of technical features, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc. that is made within the spirit and principle of the utility model, should be contained in the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A universal valve head for a pre-filter, comprising a filter valve body (1), characterized in that: The filter valve body (1) has a protective structure (2) on its inner and outer walls. A connecting rotating structure (4) is provided at the center of one side wall of the filter valve body (1). A universal valve body (5) is provided at the center of one side wall of the connecting rotating structure (4). A first connection port (3) is provided at the upper part of the center of one side wall of both the universal valve body (5) and the filter valve body (1). A filter structure (6) is provided at the center of the interior of the universal valve body (5).
2. The universal valve head of a pre-filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective structure (2) includes a wear-resistant layer (201) and a filter screen (202). The wear-resistant layer (201) is sleeved on the outer wall of the filter valve body (1), and the filter screen (202) is sleeved on the inner wall of the filter valve body (1).
3. The universal valve head of a pre-filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rotating structure (4) includes a first connecting pipe (401), a second connecting pipe (402), a bearing (403), two first sealing gaskets (404), two second sealing gaskets (405), and two wear-resistant pads (406). The first connecting pipe (401) is located at the center of one side wall of the universal valve body (5), and the second connecting pipe (402) is located at the center of one side wall of the filter valve body (1). The bearing (403) is located at the center of the inner side wall of the first connecting pipe (401) and the center of the outer side wall of the second connecting pipe (402). The two first sealing gaskets (404) are located at the center of both side walls of the bearing (403). The two second sealing gaskets (405) are respectively located at the center of one side wall of the two first sealing gaskets (404), and the two wear-resistant pads (406) are respectively located at the center of one side wall of the two first sealing gaskets (404).
4. The universal valve head of a pre-filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter structure (6) includes a stainless steel mesh (601), glass fiber (602), activated carbon (603) and a ceramic filter element (604). The stainless steel mesh (601) is sleeved on the inside of the universal valve body (5), the glass fiber (602) is sleeved on the inner wall of the stainless steel mesh (601), the activated carbon (603) is sleeved on the inner wall of the glass fiber (602), and the ceramic filter element (604) is located at the center inside the activated carbon (603).
5. The universal valve head of a pre-filter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first connecting pipe (401) and the second connecting pipe (402) are mutually compatible.
6. The universal valve head of a pre-filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the universal valve body (5) and the upper end of the filter valve body (1) are each provided with a second connection port (7).
7. The universal valve head of a pre-filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the filter valve body (1) and the universal valve body (5) are made of stainless steel.