Smoke density testing device

Abstract

The utility model provides a smoke density testing device, which belongs to the field of fire safety and comprises a testing box body, a bearing component and a smoke measuring module, the test box body is provided with an air inlet and a smoke outlet; the ignition device is arranged in the test box body; the bearing assembly is arranged in the test box body; the flue gas measuring module comprises a dust particle detector and a data analyzer; the dust particle detector is arranged on one side of the test box body, and a detection probe of the dust particle detector is arranged in the test box body and located above the bearing assembly; and the data analyzer is electrically connected with the dust particle detector. According to the smoke density testing device provided by the utility model, the concentration of dust particles in smoke is detected by virtue of the dust particle detector, the detected dust particle concentration is converted into light path attenuation by virtue of the data analyzer, a light path attenuation curve is drawn, and a smoke density numerical value is calculated; the influence of external environment light in the smoke density testing process is overcome, and the accuracy of a testing result is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fire safety, and specifically relates to a smoke density testing device. Background Technology

[0002] In fire accidents, the hazards of combustion smoke far exceed those of the flames themselves. Inhalation of toxic smoke and the resulting loss of escape ability within a short period are major causes of death. Accurately evaluating the fire-reactive smoke-generating characteristics of materials and their products, reducing the excessive use of high-smoke-generating materials, optimizing material formulations and production processes, and reducing the rate and amount of smoke generation during combustion play a crucial supporting role in reducing fire risk, improving fire prevention and control capabilities, and gaining more time for personnel to escape.

[0003] Currently, the testing principle for the smoke emission characteristics of materials and their products mainly examines the degree to which the smoke obstructs the light path; however, this testing method makes the materials susceptible to interference from ambient light during the testing process, resulting in inaccurate light attenuation testing. At the same time, the initial temperature of the test cannot be guaranteed under the on-site testing conditions, and the ambient temperature affects the settling speed of the smoke dust. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a smoke density testing device to solve the technical problems in the prior art where the smoke density test of materials is easily affected by ambient light interference and the initial temperature of the test cannot be guaranteed.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: to provide a smoke density testing device, comprising:

[0006] The test chamber has an air inlet and a smoke outlet; an ignition device is located inside the test chamber for igniting the material.

[0007] A support component, located inside the test chamber, is used to support the material;

[0008] A flue gas measurement module is used to test flue gas density. The flue gas measurement module includes a dust particle detector and a data analyzer. The dust particle detector is located on one side of the test chamber, and the detection probe of the dust particle detector is located inside the test chamber and above the supporting component. The data analyzer is electrically connected to the dust particle detector and is used to convert the value detected by the dust particle detector into real-time optical path attenuation using the correspondence between shading rate and flue gas dust particle concentration in the national standard method. The data analyzer then calculates the optical path attenuation curve in real time and obtains the flue gas density value.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the support assembly includes a support body and a plurality of support members; the support body has a receiving groove for accommodating materials; the bottom of the receiving groove has a plurality of ventilation holes communicating with the interior of the test chamber; the plurality of support members are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in the receiving groove for supporting materials.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the support includes two connecting shafts and a support plate; the two connecting shafts are disposed on two opposing inner walls of the receiving groove, and the support plate is vertically disposed between the two connecting shafts, with its two sides respectively fixedly connected to the two connecting shafts.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the test chamber is provided with two limiting plates; the limiting plates are provided with racks; the carrier is disposed between the two limiting plates and is slidably connected to the limiting plates; the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving groove; the carrier is provided with gears on both sides connected to the connecting shaft, and the gears are meshed with the racks; the carrier moves along the limiting plates toward the outlet of the test chamber, thereby driving the multiple gears to rotate; the gears drive the connecting shaft to rotate and drive the support plate to rotate, thereby forming a closed plate that prevents material ash from falling into the bottom of the receiving groove.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the support plate has inclined mating surfaces at both its upper and lower ends, with the lower end of the mating surface facing the outlet of the test chamber; the mating surfaces on two adjacent support plates come into contact as the support plate rotates.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the vent is offset from the support plate.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a plurality of V-shaped holding plates are provided between the support member and the bottom of the receiving groove, and a plurality of ventilation holes are provided on the holding plates, the ventilation holes being staggered from the air vents.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the side wall of the carrier is provided with an inlet and outlet that communicate with the receiving groove; a plurality of the holding plates are integrally formed, and the holding plates have the degree of freedom to move along the inner wall of the receiving groove and enter and exit the inlet and outlet.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the smoke density testing device further includes a temperature control module, which is located inside the test chamber and is used to ensure the initial temperature of the test chamber.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the temperature control module includes an electric heating wire, a temperature probe, and a controller; the electric heating wire is disposed inside the test chamber and is arranged around the inner wall of the test chamber; the temperature probe is disposed inside the test chamber and is used to detect the temperature of the test chamber in real time; the controller is electrically connected to the electric heating wire and the temperature probe and is used to control the electric heating wire and the temperature probe.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the smoke density testing device of this utility model, when in use, places the material to be tested on the support component, ignites the material through an ignition device set in the test chamber, and then uses the smoke gas measurement module to detect the smoke gas from the material; when detecting the smoke gas density, since the detection probe of the dust particle detector is set above the support component, the detection probe is used to measure the value of PM2.5 dust particles in the smoke gas online to obtain and record the real-time smoke gas generation of the material, and then transmits the recorded value to the data analyzer. The data analyzer uses the national standard method of shading rate and smoke dust The correlation between particle concentration and real-time optical path attenuation is transformed into real-time optical path attenuation. Simultaneously, a calculation program plots the optical path attenuation curve in real time and calculates the flue gas density. In this way, a dust particle detector detects the concentration of dust particles in the flue gas, and a data analyzer converts the detected dust particle concentration into real-time optical path attenuation using the correlation between shading rate and flue gas dust particle concentration according to national standards. This process overcomes the influence of ambient light during smoke density testing, ensuring the accuracy of the test results. The dust particle detector is used to measure the real-time flue gas generation characteristics of materials; the technology is mature and stable, the data is intuitive and easy to read, and the response speed is fast. The data analyzer establishes a correlation between optical path attenuation and PM2.5 values, achieving a scientific conversion between smoke dust particle concentration and shading rate values, ensuring the equivalence of test results with national standard methods. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the testing device provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the support component provided in the embodiment of this utility model Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the support component provided in the embodiment of this utility model Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support member provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the holding plate provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the limiting plate and the carrier provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0027] 1. Test chamber; 11. Air inlet; 12. Smoke outlet; 13. Limiting plate; 14. Rack; 15. Ventilation window; 2. Bearing component; 21. Bearing body; 211. Receiving groove; 212. Inlet and outlet; 213. Ventilation hole; 214. Ventilation pipe; 215. Slide groove; 22. Support component; 221. Connecting shaft; 222. Support plate; 223. Mating surface; 23. Gear; 24. Holding plate; 241. Ventilation hole; 25. Handle; 3. Smoke gas measurement module; 31. Dust particle detector; 32. Detection probe; 33. Data analyzer; 4. Temperature control module; 41. Electric heating wire; 42. Temperature probe; 5. Ignition device. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0029] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] Please see Figures 1 to 6 The smoke density testing device provided by this utility model is described below. A smoke density testing device includes a test chamber 1, a support component 2, and a smoke measurement module 3. The test chamber 1 has an air inlet 11 and a smoke outlet 12. An ignition device 5 is located inside the test chamber 1 for igniting materials. The support component 2 is located inside the test chamber 1 for supporting materials. The smoke measurement module 3 is used to test the smoke density. The smoke measurement module 3 includes a dust particle detector 31 and a data analyzer 33. The dust particle detector 31 is located on one side of the test chamber 1, and its detection probe 32 is located inside the test chamber 1 and above the support component 2. The data analyzer 33 is electrically connected to the dust particle detector 31 and is used to convert the values ​​detected by the dust particle detector 31 into real-time optical path attenuation using the correspondence between shading rate and smoke dust particle concentration in the national standard method. The data analyzer then calculates the optical path attenuation curve in real time and obtains the smoke density value through a calculation program.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the smoke density testing device provided in this embodiment, when in use, places the material to be tested on the support component 2, ignites the material using the ignition device 5 set in the test chamber 1, and then uses the smoke gas measurement module 3 to detect the smoke gas from the material. When detecting the smoke gas density, since the detection probe 32 of the dust particle detector 31 is set above the support component 2, the detection probe 32 is used to measure the PM2.5 value of the smoke gas online to obtain and record the real-time smoke gas generation status of the material. The recorded value is then transmitted to the data analyzer 33, which uses the national standard method to determine the relationship between shading rate and smoke dust... The correlation between particle concentration and real-time optical path attenuation is transformed into real-time optical path attenuation. Simultaneously, a calculation program plots the optical path attenuation curve in real time and calculates the flue gas density. In this way, a dust particle detector 31 detects the concentration of dust particles in the flue gas, and a data analyzer 33 converts the detected dust particle concentration into real-time optical path attenuation using the correlation between shading rate and flue gas dust particle concentration in the national standard method. This process plots the optical path attenuation curve and calculates the flue gas density, overcoming the influence of ambient light during smoke density testing and ensuring the accuracy of the test results. The dust particle detector 31 measures the real-time flue gas generation characteristics of the material; the technology is mature and stable, the data is intuitive and easy to read, and the response speed is fast. The data analyzer 33 establishes a correlation between optical path attenuation and PM2.5 values, achieving a scientific conversion between smoke dust particle concentration and shading rate values, ensuring the equivalence of the test results with those obtained using national standard methods.

[0034] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the supporting component 2 includes a supporting body 21 and multiple supporting members 22; the supporting body 21 has a receiving groove 211 for accommodating materials; the bottom of the receiving groove 211 has multiple ventilation holes 213 communicating with the interior of the test chamber 1; the multiple supporting members 22 are arranged parallel and spaced apart in the receiving groove 211 for supporting materials; the materials are placed on the multiple supporting members 22 to facilitate material support; currently, clamps are usually used to clamp the materials in order to fix them, but this method makes it impossible for the clamped parts of the materials to make sufficient contact. Air is difficult to burn completely, which affects the smoke density test. At the same time, suspended combustion causes the ash to fall and is not easy to clean the combustion chamber. Therefore, a receiving groove 211 is opened on the carrier 21 to collect the ash after the material is burned. At the same time, multiple ventilation holes 213 communicating with the inside of the combustion chamber are set at the bottom of the receiving groove 211. The material is placed on multiple support members 22, leaving a gap between the material and the bottom of the receiving groove 211, so that the air entering the receiving groove 211 through the ventilation holes 213 can fully contact the bottom of the material, thereby ensuring complete combustion of the material.

[0035] Please see Figures 2 to 4 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the support member 22 includes two connecting shafts 221 and a support plate 222; the two connecting shafts 221 are disposed on the two opposite inner walls of the receiving groove 211, and the support plate 222 is vertically disposed between the two connecting shafts 221, and its two sides are fixedly connected to the two connecting shafts 221 respectively; the two connecting shafts 221 are used to facilitate the placement of the support plate 222 in the receiving groove 211; the vertical placement of the support plate 222 reduces the contact area between the support plate 222 and the material, allowing the material to fully contact the air, thereby facilitating the complete combustion of the material.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the bottom of the test chamber 1 is provided with two limiting plates 13; the limiting plates 13 are provided with racks 14; the carrier 21 is located between the two limiting plates 13 and is slidably connected to the limiting plates 13; the connecting shaft 221 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving groove 211, and gears 23 connected to the connecting shaft 221 are provided on both sides of the carrier 21, and the gears 23 are meshed with the racks 14; the carrier 21 moves along the limiting plates 13 toward the outlet of the test chamber 1, thereby driving multiple gears 23 to rotate, the gears 23 drive the connecting shaft 221 to rotate and drive the support plate 222 to rotate, thereby forming a closed plate that prevents material ash from falling into the bottom of the receiving groove 211; when cleaning the ash after the material is burned, the tester manually controls the carrier 21 toward the outlet of the combustion chamber. As the carrier 21 moves, the gear 23 rotates and drives the connecting shaft 221 to rotate. The connecting shaft 221 drives the support plate 222 to rotate towards the combustion chamber, so that the multiple support plates 222 change from a vertical state to a horizontal state, thereby supporting and collecting the material ash. At the same time, the multiple support plates 222 close the receiving groove 211, preventing the material ash from falling to the bottom of the receiving groove 211 and entering the vent hole 213, which would affect the test personnel's cleaning of the ash. The carrier 21 is also provided with a handle 25, which is used to control the movement of the carrier 21. The limiting plate 13 is provided with a ventilation window 15, which is connected to the ventilation hole 213, so that air can enter the ventilation hole 213.

[0037] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the upper and lower ends of the support plate 222 are provided with inclined mating surfaces 223, and the lower end of the mating surface 223 is set towards the outlet of the test chamber 1; the mating surfaces 223 on two adjacent support plates 222 come into contact with each other as the support plate 222 rotates; with the help of the inclined mating surfaces 223 at the upper and lower ends of the support plate 222, when the support plate 222 is in a vertical state, the contact area between the support plate 222 and the material can be further reduced, and when the support plate 222 is in a horizontal state, the gap between two adjacent support plates 222 is reduced, thereby better preventing material ash from entering the vent 213.

[0038] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the vent 213 and the support plate 222 are misaligned; the vent 213 and the support plate 222 are misaligned so that the air passing through the vent 213 can come into contact with the material more quickly, so as to ensure that the material is fully burned.

[0039] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, a plurality of V-shaped holding plates 24 are provided between the support member 22 and the bottom of the receiving groove 211, and a plurality of ventilation holes 241 are provided on the holding plates 24. The ventilation holes 241 and the air vents 213 are staggered, and the tip of the holding plate 24 is oriented towards the air vents 213. Although the support plate 222 can be made horizontal to prevent material ash from entering the air vents 213, some ash will inevitably fall to the bottom of the receiving groove 211 and even enter the air vents during the rotation of the support plate 222 and the combustion of the material. Therefore, a V-shaped holding plate 24 is provided between the support member 22 and the bottom of the receiving groove 211, so that the falling ash enters the holding plate 24. A vent hole 241 is provided on the holding plate 24 so that air can enter the receiving groove 211 through the vent hole 241 and come into contact with the material. Since the holding plate 24 still has a vent hole 241, in order to prevent ash from falling into the ventilation hole 213 through the vent hole 241, the vent hole 241 and the ventilation hole 213 are staggered. Even if ash falls from the vent hole 241, it will only fall to the bottom of the receiving groove 211, rather than into the ventilation hole 213.

[0040] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the side wall of the carrier 21 is provided with an inlet and outlet 212 that communicates with the receiving groove 211; multiple holding plates 24 are integrally formed, and the holding plates 24 have the freedom to move along the inner wall of the receiving groove 211 and enter and exit the inlet and outlet 212; since multiple holding plates 24 are integrally formed, when ash falls to the bottom of the receiving groove 211 through the vent hole 241, controlling the movement of the holding plates 24 in the receiving groove 211 allows the holding plates 24 to move through the inlet and outlet 212 to move to the outside of the receiving groove 211, which not only allows for the testing of the holding plates 24, but also allows for the testing of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model. The ash inside 4 can be cleaned, and the ash at the bottom of the receiving tank 211 can also be cleaned; a vent pipe 214 is provided in the vent hole 213, one end of the vent pipe 214 extends out of the vent hole 213 and is located inside the receiving tank 211. Since one end of the vent pipe 214 extends out of the vent hole 213, when the carrier 21 is moved, the ash at the bottom of the receiving tank 211 can be prevented from entering the vent hole 213 by inertia; a sliding groove 215 is provided on the inner wall of the receiving tank 211, and the holding plate 24 is slidably connected to the sliding groove 215. The sliding groove 215 can make the movement of the holding plate 24 more stable.

[0041] Please see Figure 1 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the smoke density testing device also includes a temperature control module 4, which is located inside the test chamber 1 to ensure the initial temperature of the test chamber 1. In field testing, it is impossible to guarantee the initial temperature of the test, and the test structure will deviate significantly under extreme temperatures. The ambient temperature has a significant impact on the settling velocity of smoke particles. Therefore, a temperature control module 4 is set inside the test chamber 1 to detect and ensure that the initial temperature of the test chamber 1 meets the national standard requirements.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 As a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the temperature control module 4 includes an electric heating wire 41, a temperature probe 42, and a controller. The electric heating wire 41 is located inside the test chamber 1 and is arranged around the inner wall of the test chamber 1. The temperature probe 42 is located inside the test chamber 1 and is used to detect the temperature of the test chamber 1 in real time. The controller is electrically connected to the electric heating wire 41 and the temperature probe 42 and is used to control the electric heating wire 41 and the temperature probe 42. Before the test starts, the controller controls the electric heating wire 41 to heat the inside of the test chamber 1, and at the same time, the temperature probe 42 is used to detect the temperature inside the test chamber 1 to ensure that the initial temperature inside the test chamber 1 meets the national standard requirements, thereby eliminating the influence of temperature conditions on the settling velocity of smoke particles.

[0043] Not shown in the figure, as a specific embodiment of the smoke density testing device provided by this utility model, the ignition device 5 includes a gas source, a gas supply pipeline, an igniter and a burner; the gas source is a butane gas cylinder, and the igniter is a high-pressure pulse igniter; gas is supplied through the gas source, and the gas is transported to the burner through the gas supply pipeline, the high-pressure pulse igniter ignites it, and the burner burns the material with flame.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A smoke density testing device, characterized in that, include: The test chamber is equipped with an air inlet and a smoke exhaust outlet. An ignition device is located inside the test chamber and is used to ignite the material; A support component, located inside the test chamber, is used to support the material; The flue gas measurement module is used to test the density of flue gas. The flue gas measurement module includes a dust particle detector and a data analyzer. The dust particle detector is located on one side of the test chamber, and its detection probe is located inside the test chamber and above the supporting component. The data analyzer is electrically connected to the dust particle detector and is used to convert the values ​​detected by the dust particle detector into real-time optical path attenuation using the correspondence between shading rate and flue gas dust particle concentration in the national standard method. The data analyzer then calculates the optical path attenuation curve in real time and obtains the flue gas density value.

2. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing assembly includes a bearing body and multiple support members; the bearing body has a receiving groove for accommodating materials; the bottom of the receiving groove has multiple ventilation holes communicating with the interior of the test chamber; the multiple support members are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in the receiving groove for supporting materials.

3. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The support includes two connecting shafts and a support plate; the two connecting shafts are disposed on the two inner walls opposite to each other in the receiving groove, and the support plate is vertically disposed between the two connecting shafts, with its two sides respectively fixedly connected to the two connecting shafts.

4. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the test chamber is provided with two limiting plates; the limiting plates are provided with racks; the support body is located between the two limiting plates and is slidably connected to the limiting plates; the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving groove; the support body is provided with gears on both sides connected to the connecting shaft, and the gears are meshed with the racks; the support body moves along the limiting plates toward the outlet of the test chamber, thereby driving the multiple gears to rotate, and the gears drive the connecting shaft to rotate and drive the support plate to rotate, forming a closed plate that prevents material ash from falling into the bottom of the receiving groove.

5. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The support plate has inclined mating surfaces at both its upper and lower ends, with the lower end of the mating surface facing the outlet of the test chamber; the mating surfaces on two adjacent support plates come into contact as the support plate rotates.

6. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The vent is offset from the support plate.

7. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support member and the bottom of the receiving groove are provided with a plurality of V-shaped holding plates, and the holding plates are provided with a plurality of ventilation holes, which are staggered with the air vents.

8. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The side wall of the carrier is provided with an inlet and outlet that communicate with the receiving groove; a plurality of the holding plates are integrally formed and the holding plates have the freedom to move along the inner wall of the receiving groove and enter and exit the inlet and outlet.

9. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The smoke density testing device further includes a temperature control module, which is located inside the testing chamber and is used to ensure the initial temperature of the testing chamber.

10. The smoke density testing device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The temperature control module includes an electric heating wire, a temperature probe, and a controller; the electric heating wire is disposed inside the test chamber and is arranged around the inner wall of the test chamber; the temperature probe is disposed inside the test chamber and is used to detect the temperature of the test chamber in real time. The controller is electrically connected to the electric heating wire and the temperature probe, and is used to control the electric heating wire and the temperature probe.

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