Pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat and long pipe

Abstract

The utility model provides a pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat and long pipes, which comprises a machine frame, a main shaft rotatably arranged in the machine frame, a rotation driving mechanism arranged on the machine frame and used for driving the main shaft to rotate, a power air cylinder arranged on the main shaft, a shell arranged on the power air cylinder and a front cover arranged on the shell. The pair of transverse clamping jaws and the pair of vertical clamping jaws are arranged on the front side of the front cover, the four sets of transmission mechanisms are in transmission connection with the power air cylinder to drive the two pairs of clamping jaws to move, and the five-channel air pressure gyrator is fixedly connected with the main shaft to input high-pressure air. The five-path air pressure gyrator is provided with first to fourth air inlet holes and first to fourth air passages which are in ventilation connection with the first to fourth air inlet holes respectively; and the main shaft and the power cylinder are internally provided with first to fourth power air passages of the chuck, which are respectively and correspondingly in ventilation connection with the first to fourth air passages of the five-passage air pressure gyrator. When the chuck is used, the two pairs of clamping jaws can conduct clamping and supporting actions through different air inlet modes so that the flat and long pipe can be clamped conveniently, the application range of the chuck can be widened, and the cost performance of the chuck can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to laser pipe cutting chuck technical field, concretely relates to a pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat long pipe. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chucks are necessary auxiliary equipment on laser pipe cutting production line, generally two chucks are set up on laser cutting production line to cooperate with each other to clamp and move the pipe to be cut for laser cutting head to cut and process, the two chucks are called front chuck and tail chuck in the industry, when using, the pipe to be processed is clamped by front chuck and tail chuck, tail chuck clamps the tail end of the pipe to be processed and continuously pushes the pipe to be processed to front chuck for laser cutting head to cut and process. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tail chuck adopts pneumatic chuck, its structure is shown as

[0003] The existing pneumatic chuck structure is relatively simple, the pair of horizontal and vertical claws simultaneously make clamping or loosening action when working, it can better clamp and process round pipe or square pipe with basically same horizontal and vertical outer circumferential size, but it cannot effectively clamp flat long square pipe with big difference between horizontal and vertical outer circumferential size, thereby limiting its use range. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] The utility model discloses a structure improved pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat long pipe.

[0005] The utility model discloses a structure improved pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat long pipe, including frame, rotatablely located the main shaft in the frame, be located on the frame for driving the rotation of the rotation drive mechanism of main shaft, fixedly be located on the front side of power cylinder on main shaft, fixedly be located on the front side of casing on power cylinder, fixedly be located on the front side of front cover on casing, a pair of transversely arranged clamping jaw and a pair of vertically arranged clamping jaw of the front side of front cover movablely located, with power cylinder transmission connection drive four sets of transmission mechanism of two pairs of clamping jaw movement, its structural characteristics are: still include with the rear end fixed connection of main shaft for input work required high pressure air's five passageways gas pressure rotator, above-mentioned five passageways gas pressure rotator is equipped with first to fourth air inlet and respectively with first to fourth air inlet air connection's first to fourth gas channel, main shaft and power cylinder are equipped with with the first to fourth gas channel of five passageways gas pressure rotator respectively corresponding air connection's chuck first to fourth power gas channel.

[0006] Further scheme is: the four power gas channels of being equipped with in above-mentioned main shaft, the power cylinder includes cylinder shell, and the rear end of cylinder shell and the front end of main shaft are fixedly connected in airtightness, and the four power gas channels are equipped in cylinder shell, and the four power gas channels of main shaft and the four power gas channels in cylinder shell are respectively corresponding and communicate, and constitute first to fourth power gas channels of above-mentioned chuck.

[0007] Further scheme is: above-mentioned power cylinder still includes the cylinder cover of being fixedly arranged in airtightness in the front end of cylinder shell, the first to third partition plates of being integrally spaced apart and being equipped with the piston rod through hole in the center place from rear to front in cylinder shell and the inner piston for driving a pair of horizontal clamping jaw action and the outer piston for driving a pair of vertical clamping jaw action, above-mentioned inner piston includes the inner one piston ring of being movably arranged in airtight seal in the front end of main shaft and the rear end of first partition plate, the inner two piston ring of being movably arranged in airtight seal in the front end of first partition plate and the rear end of second partition plate, the inner piston rod of being fixedly connected with inner one piston ring and being integrally connected with inner two piston ring, and the inner piston rod passes through the piston rod through hole of first to third partition plates respectively in airtight seal and then extends to the front end of cylinder cover in airtight seal, the outer one piston ring of being movably arranged in airtight seal in the front end of second partition plate and the rear end of third partition plate, the outer two piston ring of being movably arranged in airtight seal in the front end of third partition plate and the rear end of cylinder cover, the outer piston rod of being fixedly connected with outer one piston ring and being integrally connected with outer two piston ring, and the outer piston rod is equipped with center hole along the axial direction, and the outer piston rod is movably sleeved with the front outer periphery of inner piston rod in airtight seal from the center hole, and the outer piston rod passes through the center hole of third partition plate in airtight seal and then extends to the front end of cylinder cover in airtight seal.

[0008] Further, the center of the main shaft is provided with a chip blowing air channel in the axial direction, the inner piston rod of the power cylinder is provided with a central through hole as a chip blowing air passage of the power cylinder in the axial direction, and the chip blowing air channels of the main shaft and the chip blowing air passages of the power cylinder are in air connection to jointly form a chuck chip blowing air channel.

[0009] Further, the five-way gas pressure rotator comprises a shell, a rear cover which is detachably fixed to the rear end of the shell through bolts, and a core which is rotatably arranged in the shell and the rear cover through the matched bearings; the first to fourth air inlet holes of the five-way gas pressure rotator are arranged on the shell, the first to fourth air channels are arranged in the core, and the chip blowing air inlet hole is arranged in the rear cover; the front end of the core of the five-way gas pressure rotator is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main shaft and can rotate coaxially with the main shaft during work.

[0010] Further, the five-way gas pressure rotator is further provided with a mounting bracket, one end of the mounting bracket is fixedly connected with the rear cover of the five-way gas pressure rotator, and the other end of the mounting bracket is fixedly connected with the rack.

[0011] Further, the transmission machine comprises levers and power wedges movably arranged in the front cover, and one claw is fixedly arranged on each power wedge of the four sets of transmission mechanisms; the rear ends of the levers of the two sets of transmission mechanisms in the four sets of transmission mechanisms are in transmission connection with the front end of the inner piston rod of the power cylinder, and the front ends of the two levers are in transmission connection with the corresponding power wedges; the rear ends of the levers of the other two sets of transmission mechanisms are in transmission connection with the front end of the outer piston rod of the power cylinder, and the front ends of the two levers are in transmission connection with the corresponding power wedges.

[0012] Further, the claw has an outer end face which is a rough surface with large friction.

[0013] The utility model discloses have positive effect: the utility model discloses through the improvement of integral structure especially air inlet mechanism, air channel and cylinder structure etc., make the utility model discloses in work one pair of transverse claw and one pair of vertical clamp claw can be with the same time as the prior art as clamp or open action realizes same function simultaneously as prior art;Still can do the action that one pair of claw opens and the other pair of claw retracts in the similar chuck of prior art, thereby can realize effective clamping to flat long pipe through one clamp one support, significantly increase the application range of the utility model, improve its performance price ratio. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic view of the pneumatic chuck commonly used as the tail clamp in prior art.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a pneumatic chuck commonly used as a tail chuck in existing technologies.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Top view;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 To and Figure 5 Schematic diagrams of the three-dimensional structure when viewed from different angles;

[0020] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Sectional view along axis AA;

[0021] Figure 8 for Figure 4 BB-direction sectional view;

[0022] Figure 9 for Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the five-channel pneumatic rotary valve;

[0023] Figure 10 To and Figure 9 Schematic diagrams of the three-dimensional structure when viewed from different angles.

[0024] The reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:

[0025] Frame 1, clamping nozzle 11, opening nozzle 12; main shaft 2, bearing 21; rotary drive mechanism 3, blowing nozzle 31;

[0026] Power cylinder 4, cylinder housing 41, cylinder head 42, inner piston 43, inner piston ring 43-1, inner piston ring 43-2, inner piston rod 43-3, outer piston 44, outer piston ring 44-1, outer piston ring 44-2, outer piston rod 44-3, first partition 45, second partition 46, third partition 47;

[0027] 5. Housing; 6. Front cover; 7. Transmission mechanism; 71. Lever; 72. Power wedge; 8. Claw;

[0028] Five-way gas pressure rotator 9, shell 91, first air inlet hole 91-1, second air inlet hole 91-2, third air inlet hole 91-3, fourth air inlet hole 91-4, rear cover 92, chip blowing air inlet hole 92-1, core 93, first air passage 93-1, second air passage 93-2, third air passage 93-3, fourth air passage 93-4, chip blowing air passage 93-5, mounting bracket 94;

[0029] Chuck chip blowing air passage 100, chuck first power air passage 101, chuck second power air passage 102, chuck third power air passage 103, chuck fourth power air passage 104. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The utility model will be explained in further detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] (Example 1)

[0032] See Figures 3 to 10 The pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat long tubular materials of the embodiment mainly comprises a rack 1, a main shaft 2, a rotary drive mechanism 3, a power cylinder 4, a shell 5, a front cover 6, a transmission mechanism 7, chuck jaws 8 and a five-way gas pressure rotator 9.

[0033] The rack 1 serves as the installation base of the pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat long tubular materials of the embodiment. Unlike the prior art pneumatic chuck shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the rack 1 of the embodiment no longer has clamping air nozzles 11 and opening air nozzles 12, and correspondingly, the rack 1 no longer has two power air passages as the prior art chuck.

[0034] The main shaft 2 is rotatably arranged in the rack 1 through a bearing 21, and a chip blowing air passage is arranged in the center of the main shaft 2 in the axial direction. Unlike the prior art pneumatic chuck which only has two power air passages, the main shaft 2 of the embodiment has four power air passages.

[0035] The rotary drive mechanism 3 is arranged on the rack 1 and is in transmission connection with the main shaft 2, and is used to drive the main shaft 2 to rotate during use, which is the same as the prior art. Unlike the prior art, the rotary drive mechanism 3 of the embodiment no longer has a blowing nozzle 31.

[0036] The power cylinder 4 serves as the driving mechanism of the two pairs of chuck jaws 8. The power cylinder 4 of the embodiment is significantly different from the prior art. Referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the power cylinder 4 of the embodiment comprises a cylinder shell 41, a cylinder cover 42, an inner piston 43, an outer piston 44, a first partition plate 45, a second partition plate 46 and a third partition plate 47.

[0037] The cylinder shell 41 is fixedly connected with the front end of the main shaft in airtight manner so that the power cylinder 4 can rotate with the main shaft 2; the cylinder cover 42 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the cylinder shell 41 in airtight manner; the first partition plate 45, the second partition plate 46 and the third partition plate 47 are arranged in the cylinder shell 41 in an integrated manner from back to front, and a piston rod through hole is arranged at the center of each of the first partition plate 45, the second partition plate 46 and the third partition plate 47; the inner piston 43 includes an inner first piston ring 43-1 movably arranged in airtight manner between the front end of the main shaft 2 and the rear end of the first partition plate 45, an inner second piston ring 43-2 movably arranged in airtight manner between the front end of the first partition plate 45 and the rear end of the second partition plate 46, an inner piston rod 43-3 fixedly connected with the inner first piston ring 43-1 and integrally connected with the inner second piston ring 43-2, and the inner piston rod 43-3 movably extends in airtight manner through the piston rod through hole of each of the first partition plate 45, the second partition plate 46 and the third partition plate 47 to the front end of the cylinder cover 42, and the inner piston rod 43-3 is provided with a central through hole as a blowoff gas channel of the power cylinder 4; the outer piston 44 includes an outer first piston ring 44-1 movably arranged in airtight manner between the front end of the second partition plate 46 and the rear end of the third partition plate 47, an outer second piston ring 44-2 movably arranged in airtight manner between the front end of the third partition plate 47 and the rear end of the cylinder cover 42, and an outer piston rod 44-3 fixedly connected with the outer first piston ring 44-1 and integrally connected with the outer second piston ring 44-2, and the outer piston rod 44-3 is provided with a central hole, and the outer piston rod 44-3 movably and airtightly sleeves the front outer periphery of the inner piston rod 43-3 through the central hole, and the outer piston rod 44-3 movably and airtightly extends to the front end of the cylinder cover 42 through the piston rod through hole of the third partition plate 47.

[0038] The blowoff gas channel of the power cylinder 4 is connected in ventilation with the blowoff gas channel of the main shaft 2 to form a chuck blowoff gas channel 100. The cylinder shell 41 is provided with four power gas channels corresponding to four power gas channels arranged in the main shaft 2, and the four power gas channels are respectively referred to as a chuck first power gas channel 101, a chuck second power gas channel 102, a chuck third power gas channel 103 and a chuck fourth power gas channel 104.

[0039] The shell 5 is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover 42 of the power cylinder 4 at the rear end thereof; the front cover 6 is fixedly connected with the front end of the shell 5; the transmission mechanism 7 is provided with four sets, the inner piston 43 of the power cylinder 4 drives a pair of claws 8 arranged transversely on the front side of the front cover 6 to act through two sets of transmission mechanisms 7, and the outer piston 44 drives a pair of claws 8 arranged vertically on the front side of the front cover 6 to act through the other two sets of transmission mechanisms 7. The transmission mechanism 7 can adopt the structure of gears, racks and sliders in the prior art, or can adopt the structure of levers and power wedges. In the embodiment, the transmission mechanism 7 is composed of a lever 71 and a power wedge 72, and the installation mode and working principle thereof are mature prior art and will not be described herein. As a preferred mode, the outer end surface of the claw 8 is provided as a rough surface with large friction in the embodiment, which is different from the smooth surface in the prior art, so as to adapt to the function of internally supporting the flat long pipe during use.

[0040] Referring to FIG Figures 7 to 10 , the five-way air pressure rotator 9 is used for inputting high-pressure air required for work during use. The five-way air pressure rotator 9 is a commercially available part, which includes a shell 91, a rear cover 92 fixedly and detachably arranged at the rear end of the shell 91 through bolts, and a core 93 rotatably arranged in the shell 91 and the rear cover 92 through a matched bearing; the shell 91 is provided with a first air inlet hole 91-1, a second air inlet hole 91-2, a third air inlet hole 91-3 and a fourth air inlet hole 91-4, and the core 93 is correspondingly provided with a first air channel 93-1, a second air channel 93-2, a third air channel 93-3 and a fourth air channel 93-4 in air connection with the first air inlet hole 91-1, the second air inlet hole 91-2, the third air inlet hole 91-3 and the fourth air inlet hole 91-4 respectively; the rear cover 92 is provided with a chip blowing air inlet hole 92-1, and the core 93 is correspondingly provided with a chip blowing air channel 93-5 along the axis in air connection with the chip blowing air inlet hole 92-1 of the rear cover 92. The five-way air pressure rotator 9 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 2 through the core 93 and can rotate coaxially with the main shaft 2 during work, and the first air channel 93-1, the second air channel 93-2, the third air channel 93-3 and the fourth air channel 93-4 of the core 93 are correspondingly in air connection with the chuck first power air channel 101, the chuck second power air channel 102, the chuck third power air channel 103 and the chuck fourth power air channel 104 respectively; the chip blowing air channel 93-5 of the core 93 is in air connection with the chuck chip blowing air channel 100. As a preferred mode, the five-way air pressure rotator 9 is further provided with a mounting fixing frame 94, one end of the mounting fixing frame 94 is fixedly connected with the rear cover 92 of the five-way air pressure rotator 9, and the other end of the mounting fixing frame 94 is fixedly connected with the rack 1, so that the stability and reliability of the installation and work of the five-way air pressure rotator 9 can be enhanced by arranging the mounting fixing frame 94.

[0041] The working principle and process of the pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping the flat long pipe in the embodiment are briefly described as follows:

[0042] Firstly, the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 of the chuck can simultaneously clamp or release the outer periphery of the pipe to be processed, just like the same type of chuck in the prior art:

[0043] When the pipe to be processed is a round pipe or a square pipe with substantially the same horizontal and vertical outer periphery, the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 of the pneumatic chuck of the embodiment simultaneously perform clamping or releasing actions on the pipe to be processed as follows:

[0044] The first inlet hole 91-1 and the fourth inlet hole 91-4 of the housing 91 of the five-way pneumatic rotator 9 input two paths of high-pressure air, which respectively enter the first power gas channel 101 and the fourth power gas channel 104 of the chuck through the first gas channel 93-1 and the fourth gas channel 93-4 of the five-way pneumatic rotator 9, correspondingly driving the inner piston 43 and the outer piston 44 to retract, and the retraction actions of the inner piston 43 and the outer piston 44 are respectively transmitted to a pair of horizontal clamping jaws 8 and a pair of vertical clamping jaws 8 through the two sets of transmission mechanisms 7, correspondingly driving the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 to simultaneously perform a clamping action towards the center to clamp the pipe to be processed.

[0045] The second inlet hole 91-2 and the third inlet hole 91-3 of the housing 91 of the five-way pneumatic rotator 9 input two paths of high-pressure air, which respectively enter the second power gas channel 102 and the third power gas channel 103 of the chuck through the second gas channel 93-2 and the third gas channel 93-3 of the five-way pneumatic rotator 9, correspondingly driving the inner piston 43 and the outer piston 44 to extend, and the extension actions of the inner piston 43 and the outer piston 44 are respectively transmitted to a pair of horizontal clamping jaws 8 and a pair of vertical clamping jaws 8 through the two sets of transmission mechanisms 7, correspondingly driving the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 to simultaneously perform an opening action away from the center or a releasing action on the pipe to be processed that has been clamped.

[0046] Secondly, the chuck of the embodiment can realize the one-clamping-one-supporting function for a flat and long pipe, which cannot be realized by the same type of chuck in the prior art:

[0047] When the pipe to be processed is a flat and long square pipe with a large difference between the horizontal and vertical outer peripheries, the same type of chuck in the prior art cannot effectively clamp the tail of such a square pipe because its one pair of horizontal clamping jaws 8 and one pair of vertical clamping jaws 8 can only simultaneously perform clamping or opening actions, and the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 have the same stroke. However, the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 of the pneumatic chuck of the embodiment can effectively clamp such a flat and long square pipe through one-clamping-one-supporting actions, which will be described below by taking a flat and long square pipe with a horizontal dimension significantly larger than a vertical dimension as an example:

[0048] Before clamping the oblong square tube, first adjust the one pair of horizontal and vertical clamping jaws 8 to the initial state: the first air inlet hole 91-1 of the shell 91 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 inputs high-pressure air, which enters the chuck first power air channel 101 through the first air channel 93-1 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 to drive the inner piston 43 to retract, the retraction of the inner piston 43 drives the two sets of transmission mechanisms 7 to make the one pair of horizontal clamping jaws 8 simultaneously move towards the center to the set minimum distance, at the same time, the third air inlet hole 91-3 of the shell 91 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 inputs high-pressure air, which enters the chuck third power air channel 103 through the third air channel 93-3 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 to drive the outer piston 44 to extend, the extension of the outer piston 44 drives the one pair of vertical clamping jaws 8 to simultaneously move away from the center to the set maximum distance, at this time, the initial state setting of the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 is completed.

[0049] Then, place the tail end of the oblong square tube between the two opened vertical clamping jaws 8 and place the two horizontal clamping jaws 8 inside the end of the oblong square tube, the third air inlet hole 91-3 of the shell 91 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 inputs high-pressure air, which enters the chuck third power air channel 103 through the third air channel 93-3 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 to drive the outer piston 44 to extend, the extension of the outer piston 44 drives the one pair of vertical clamping jaws 8 to simultaneously move towards the center to clamp the processed pipe vertically; at the same time, the second air inlet hole 91-2 of the shell 91 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 inputs high-pressure air, which enters the chuck second power air channel 102 through the second air channel 93-2 of the five-way pneumatic rotary device 9 to correspondingly drive the inner piston 43 to extend, the extension of the inner piston 43 drives the one pair of horizontal clamping jaws 8 placed inside the end of the oblong square tube to open until the two horizontal clamping jaws 8 abut against the horizontal inner wall of the oblong square tube, thereby supporting the oblong square tube in the horizontal direction, realizing the clamping and supporting function of the two pairs of clamping jaws 8 on the oblong square tube.

[0050] Briefly, the pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping oblong pipes can make the one pair of horizontal clamping jaws 8 and the one pair of vertical clamping jaws 8 simultaneously make clamping or opening actions as in the prior art; but also can make the one pair of clamping jaws 8 open and the other pair of clamping jaws 8 retract, which cannot be realized by the similar chuck in the prior art, especially for the oblong pipe, which is effectively clamped by the one pair of clamping jaws 8 from the outside and the other pair of clamping jaws 8 from the inside, thereby significantly increasing the application range of the chuck of the present embodiment and improving its performance-price ratio.

[0051] Obviously, the pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping the flat long pipe material in the embodiment inputs high pressure air from the blowing scrap air inlet hole 92-1 of the rear cover 92 of the five-way air pressure rotator 9 during work, and realizes the function of blowing away the waste scrap between the front cover 6 and the chuck claw 8 generated by cutting processing in the prior art through the blowing scrap air channel 93-5 of the core body 93 and the chuck blowing scrap air channel 100 communicated with the blowing scrap air channel 93-5.

[0052] The above embodiments are descriptions of specific embodiments of the utility model, rather than limitations of the utility model. Those skilled in the related art can make various transformations and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and obtain corresponding equivalent technical solutions. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should be included in the patent protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping flat, long tubes, comprising a frame, a main shaft rotatably mounted within the frame, a rotary drive mechanism mounted on the frame for driving the main shaft to rotate, a power cylinder fixedly mounted on the front side of the main shaft, a housing fixedly mounted on the front side of the power cylinder, a front cover fixedly mounted on the front side of the housing, a pair of laterally arranged jaws and a pair of vertically arranged jaws movably mounted on the front side of the front cover, and four transmission mechanisms connected to the power cylinder to drive the movement of the two pairs of jaws, characterized in that: Further comprising a five-way air pressure rotator for inputting high pressure air required by work, which is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main shaft, and is provided with first to fourth air inlet holes and first to fourth air passages respectively connected with the first to fourth air inlet holes; the main shaft and the power cylinder are provided with first to fourth power air passages respectively corresponding to the first to fourth air passages of the five-way air pressure rotator.

2. The pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping an oblong pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft is provided with four-way power air passages; the power cylinder comprises a cylinder shell, the rear end of the cylinder shell is fixedly connected with the front end of the main shaft in airtightness, and the cylinder shell is provided with four-way power air passages, the four-way power air passages of the main shaft and the four-way power air passages in the cylinder shell are respectively correspondingly communicated, thereby forming the first to fourth power air passages of the chuck.

3. The pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping an oblong pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power cylinder further comprises a cylinder cover fixedly arranged on the front end of the cylinder shell in airtightness, first to third partitions arranged in the cylinder shell from rear to front in an integrated manner with the cylinder shell and each provided with a piston rod through hole at the center, an inner piston for driving a pair of transverse clamping jaws to act, and an outer piston for driving a pair of vertical clamping jaws to act; the inner piston comprises an inner first piston ring movably arranged between the front end of the main shaft and the rear end of the first partition in airtightness, an inner second piston ring movably arranged between the front end of the first partition and the rear end of the second partition in airtightness, an inner piston rod fixedly connected with the inner first piston ring and integrally connected with the inner second piston ring, and the inner piston rod movably passes through the piston rod through holes of the first to third partitions in airtightness and extends to the front end of the cylinder cover in airtightness; the outer piston comprises an outer first piston ring movably arranged between the front end of the second partition and the rear end of the third partition in airtightness, an outer second piston ring movably arranged between the front end of the third partition and the rear end of the cylinder cover in airtightness, an outer piston rod fixedly connected with the outer first piston ring and integrally connected with the outer second piston ring, and the outer piston rod is provided with a central hole in the axial direction, the outer piston rod is movably sleeved with the front outer periphery of the inner piston rod in airtightness through the central hole, and the outer piston rod movably passes through the central hole of the third partition in airtightness and extends to the front end of the cylinder cover in airtightness.

4. The pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping an oblong pipe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center of the main shaft is provided with a chip blowing air passage in the axial direction, the inner piston rod of the power cylinder is provided with a central through hole in the axial direction as a chip blowing gas passage of the power cylinder, the chip blowing air passage of the main shaft and the chip blowing gas passage of the power cylinder are connected in aeration to jointly form a chuck chip blowing air passage; the five-way air pressure rotator is provided with a chip blowing air inlet hole and a chip blowing air passage connected with the chip blowing air inlet hole in aeration, and the chip blowing air passage of the five-way air pressure rotator is connected with the chuck chip blowing air passage in aeration.

5. The pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping an oblong pipe according to claim 4, characterized in that: The five-way air pressure rotator comprises a shell, a rear cover fixedly arranged on the rear end of the shell through bolts, and a core rotatably arranged in the shell and the rear cover through matched bearings; the first to fourth air inlet holes of the five-way air pressure rotator are arranged on the shell, the first to fourth air passages are arranged in the core, and the chip blowing air inlet hole is arranged in the rear cover; the five-way air pressure rotator is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main shaft through the front end of the core and can rotate coaxially with the main shaft during work.

6. The pneumatic chuck suitable for clamping an oblong pipe according to claim 5, characterized in that: The five-way air pressure rotator is also provided with a mounting fixing frame, one end of the mounting fixing frame is fixedly connected with the rear cover of the five-way air pressure rotator, and the other end of the mounting fixing frame is fixedly connected with the rack.

7. The air-powered chuck adapted to grip an oblong tube according to claim 3, wherein: The transmission mechanism comprises levers and power wedges movably arranged in the front cover, one claw is fixedly arranged on each power wedge of the four sets of transmission mechanisms; the rear ends of the levers of the two sets of transmission mechanisms are in transmission connection with the front end of the inner piston rod of the power cylinder, and the front ends of the two levers are in transmission connection with corresponding power wedges; the rear ends of the levers of the other two sets of transmission mechanisms are in transmission connection with the front end of the outer piston rod of the power cylinder, and the front ends of the two levers are in transmission connection with corresponding power wedges.

8. The air-powered chuck suitable for clamping an oblong pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The claw has an outer end face, and the outer end face is a rough surface with large friction.

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