Shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to a shield tunneling machine which comprises a shield body (1), a driving device (2) and a driving device (3). The cutter head (2) is rotatably and coaxially connected to the shield body (1), the cutter head (2) comprises a first area, the center of the cutter head (2) is located in the first area, and a cutter (21) is arranged in the first area; and the first tool changing device (3) is arranged in the shield body (1), and the first tool changing device (3) is configured to change the tool (21) located in the first area. According to the shield tunneling machine, automatic tool changing of the tools located in the center area of the cutter head can be achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of a shield tunneling machine, and in particular to a shield tunneling machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, a full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine has become an important tool for tunnel construction at home and abroad. The cutter head is a core component of the tunnel boring machine, directly contacts the tunnel face during tunneling, and the rolling cutter on the cutter head needs to be replaced regularly after being impacted and worn by the tunnel face. The wear and replacement of the rolling cutter have an important influence on the efficiency and cost of tunnel construction.

[0003] At present, the replacement of the rolling cutter mainly relies on manual operation. In harsh working conditions of large burial depth, high pressure and high temperature, manual cutter replacement operation has great safety hazards, low cutter replacement efficiency, and cannot realize automatic cutter replacement of the cutter located in the central area of the cutter head. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a shield tunneling machine capable of realizing automatic cutter replacement of the cutter located in the central area of the cutter head.

[0005] According to the present disclosure, a shield tunneling machine is provided, comprising:

[0006] a shield body;

[0007] a cutter head rotatably and coaxially connected to the shield body, the cutter head comprising a first area and a center of the cutter head located in the first area, the first area being provided with cutters; and

[0008] a first cutter replacement device provided in the shield body, the first cutter replacement device being configured to replace the cutters located in the first area.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cutter head further comprises a second area located on the circumferential outer side of the first area, the second area being provided with cutters, the first cutter replacement device being located in a central area of an end of the cutter head in the axial direction of the shield body, and the shield tunneling machine further comprises:

[0010] a second cutter replacement device provided at an end of the cutter head in the axial direction of the shield body, the second cutter replacement device being located on the circumferential outer side of the first cutter replacement device, the second cutter replacement device being configured to replace the cutters located in the second area.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second cutter replacement device is not lower than the first cutter replacement device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cutter head comprises:

[0013] a plurality of main beams extending in the radial direction of the cutter head, the main beams being provided with cutters; and

[0014] The ring beam extends along the circumferential direction of the cutter head and is connected to the plurality of main beams. In the radial direction of the cutter head, the ring beam is located between the center of the cutter head and the circumferential edge of the cutter head. The area on the radial inner side of the ring beam is a first area, and the area on the radial outer side of the ring beam is a second area.

[0015] In some embodiments, the cutter head further comprises:

[0016] The plurality of auxiliary beams are connected to the ring beam and located on the radial outer side of the ring beam. The plurality of auxiliary beams are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and adjacent two auxiliary beams are respectively located on two sides of a main beam. The auxiliary beam is provided with a cutter.

[0017] In some embodiments, the shield body comprises a driving component configured to drive the cutter head to rotate, and a closed partition plate located in the central region of the shield body. The driving component is connected to the closed partition plate, and the first cutter changing device is installed on the side of the closed partition plate away from the cutter head.

[0018] In some embodiments, the driving component is connected to the cutter head through a twisted leg extending in the axial direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the cutter head and the shield body are arranged at intervals in the axial direction, and a soil chamber is arranged between the cutter head and the shield body. The shield tunneling machine further comprises:

[0020] A plurality of first nozzles are arranged on the side of the shield body close to the cutter head. The first nozzles are configured to inject soil improvement material into the soil chamber.

[0021] In some embodiments, the shield tunneling machine further comprises:

[0022] A plurality of stirring rods are arranged on the side of the shield body close to the cutter head. The stirring rods are configured to stir the soil in the soil chamber.

[0023] In some embodiments, the stirring rods are retractable in the axial direction, and the end of the stirring rod close to the cutter head is provided with a second nozzle. The stirring rod is configured to be extended to flush the cutter head through the second nozzle in the case of shutdown of the shield tunneling machine.

[0024] In some embodiments, the cutter comprises a cutter box and a roller cutter. The cutter shaft of the roller cutter is detachably installed in the cutter box. The distance between the rotation axis of the roller cutter in the assembled state and the bottom surface of the cutter box is the roller cutter installation height. In the case that the shield tunneling machine is in the steering state, the roller cutter installation height of the cutter located at the outermost circumference of the cutter head is greater than the roller cutter installation height of the cutter located at other positions of the cutter head.

[0025] In some embodiments, the cutter comprises a roller cutter, and the cutter head is provided with a wireless cutter wear monitoring device configured to monitor the wear of the roller cutter.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first cutter changing device comprises:

[0027] The cutter changer is located inside the shield body, and an operating opening is provided on the side of the cutter head of the cutter changer.

[0028] The tool changer door is configured to selectively close the working opening; and

[0029] An automatic tool changer is located inside the tool changer chamber and is configured to perform tool changing operations.

[0030] Based on the above technical solution, the tunnel boring machine of this embodiment replaces the cutters located in the first area of ​​the cutterhead using a first cutter replacement device. This enables automatic cutter replacement of cutters located in the central area of ​​the cutterhead, solving problems such as difficulty and low efficiency of manual cutter replacement in related technologies. It can improve cutter replacement efficiency and safety, thereby improving tunnel construction efficiency. By setting the first cutter replacement device, the rotary joint and L-shaped beam structure are eliminated, reducing the rooting position of mud cake in the soil chamber and helping to improve the efficiency of transporting and transferring excavated soil in the soil chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and are used to explain this disclosure, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of the tunnel boring machine disclosed herein.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of some embodiments of the tunnel boring machine disclosed herein.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine disclosed herein.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of some other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine disclosed herein.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of the cutting tools of the tunnel boring machine disclosed herein.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0038] 1. Shield body; 2. Cutterhead; 3. First cutter changer; 4. Second cutter changer; 5. First nozzle; 6. Stirring rod; 10. Soil chamber; 11. Drive unit; 12. Enclosed partition; 13. Torsion leg; 201. Main beam; 202. Ring beam; 203. Sub-beam; 21. Cutting tool; 211. Cutter box; 212. Pad block; 213. Hob cutter; 214. Limiting block; 210. Bottom surface; 220. Assembly surface; 31. Cutter change chamber; 32. Cutter change chamber door; 33. Automatic cutter changer mechanism; 60. Second nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application or uses. The disclosure can be implemented in numerous different forms, not just the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments, the components of the compositions, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments are to be interpreted as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0040] The terms "first", "second", and similar terms used in the present disclosure do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to distinguish different parts. The terms "include", "comprise" and similar terms mean that the elements before the term encompass the elements listed after the term, and do not exclude the possibility of also encompassing other elements. "Up", "down", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute positions of the described objects are changed, the relative positional relationships can also be changed accordingly.

[0041] In the present disclosure, when it is described that a certain device is located between a first device and a second device, there can be an intervening device between the certain device and the first device or the second device, or there can be no intervening device. When it is described that a certain device is connected to other devices, the certain device can be directly connected to the other devices without an intervening device, or can not be directly connected to the other devices with an intervening device.

[0042] All terms used in the present disclosure, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meanings as those understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless specifically so defined herein.

[0043] Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the specification where appropriate.

[0044] Based on the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of one embodiment can be beneficially combined with those of one or more other embodiments, without explicit negation or conflict, if not specifically defined otherwise.

[0045] The inventor found in the research process that the automatic cutter changing mechanism currently used for automatic cutter changing of a tunneling machine can only realize cutter changing work in part of the area, can only realize automatic cutter changing of the edge area of the cutter head, and cannot realize automatic cutter changing of the central area of the cutter head, that is, cannot realize full trajectory automatic cutter changing operation. For cutter changing of the cutter near the central area of the cutter head, manual operation is still required.

[0046] To solve the above problems, first, the present disclosure provides a tunneling machine, as shown in Figures 1 to 5 , comprising:

[0047] a shield body 1;

[0048] a cutter head 2 rotatably connected coaxially to the shield body 1, the cutter head 2 comprising a first area and the center of the cutter head 2 being located in the first area, the first area being provided with cutters 21; and

[0049] a first cutter changing device 3 arranged in the shield body 1, the first cutter changing device 3 being configured to change the cutters 21 located in the first area.

[0050] Specifically, the cutters 21 comprise cutters 213, and in the embodiments of the present disclosure, cutter changing or cutter changing operation specifically refers to replacing the cutters 213 to be changed. The shield body 1 and the cutter head 2 are arranged axially apart, and the soil chamber 10 is arranged between the shield body 1 and the cutter head 2. The first cutter changing device 3 can realize automatic cutter changing of the cutters to be changed. The cutter head 2 of the tunneling machine is circular, and the arrangement of the cutters 21 covers the full trajectory from the center of the cutter head 2 to the excavation diameter. If automatic cutter changing of the cutters in the central area of the cutter head 2 cannot be realized, and only automatic cutter changing of the cutters 21 in the edge area of the cutter head 2 is realized, manual cutter changing is still required during construction, and the convenience of construction is not greatly improved.

[0051] In the related art, the central area of the shield body 1 is provided with a swivel joint and an L-shaped beam, and there is no space for arranging the first cutter changing device 3. The swivel joint and the L-shaped beam are provided with pipelines for providing materials for improved spoil and hydraulic oil, etc. The present disclosure cancels the swivel joint located in the central area of the shield body 1 and the L-shaped beam located in the central area of the soil chamber 10. The first cutter changing device 3 is arranged in the area where the swivel joint is originally arranged, and the area in the soil chamber 10 where the L-shaped beam is originally arranged provides sufficient space for cutter changing operation of the first cutter changing device 3, so that the first cutter changing device 3 can perform cutter changing operation on the cutters 21 located in the first area of the cutter head 2.

[0052] Specifically, in the related art, the swivel joint body part is located on the side of the closed bulkhead 12 away from the cutter head 2, and the L-beam body part is located in the central region of the soil chamber 10. In the earth pressure balance shield machine, foam and bentonite passages and hydraulic oil passages are provided in the swivel joint and the L-beam, the foam and bentonite passages are connected to the spray nozzles of the cutter head front panel for improving the spoil on the tunnel face, reducing the adhesion of the spoil, and increasing the flowability of the spoil, and the hydraulic oil passages are used to supply hydraulic oil to the cutter head hydraulic wear detection device and the overbreak cutter device to detect the wear of the cutter head cutters and realize the cutter head overbreak function; in the slurry shield machine, a slurry passage and a hydraulic oil passage are provided in the swivel joint, the slurry passage is connected to the slurry spray nozzles for flushing the central region of the back of the cutter head, and the hydraulic oil passage is used to supply hydraulic oil to the cutter head hydraulic wear detection device and the overbreak cutter device to detect the wear of the cutter head cutters and realize the cutter head overbreak function.

[0053] Specifically, the swivel joint and the L-beam structure are cancelled in the present disclosure, and the mud cake rooting position in the soil chamber 10 can also be reduced, and the problem that the swivel joint and the L-beam structure are damaged can also be avoided.

[0054] Optionally, one or more cutters 21 can be arranged in the first region. The first region can be circular, regular polygonal, or any other shape, for example, regular hexagonal. In the case where the first region is circular, the first region is a circle on the cutter head 2 with a radius less than a preset distance. Optionally, one or more first cutter changing devices 3 can be arranged.

[0055] The shield machine of this embodiment can realize automatic cutter changing for the cutters located in the central region of the cutter head by the first cutter changing device 3 changing the cutters 21 located in the first region of the cutter head 2, solve the problems of difficulty in manual cutter changing and low cutter changing efficiency in the related art, and improve the cutter changing efficiency and safety, thereby improving the tunnel construction efficiency; the swivel joint and the L-beam structure are cancelled by arranging the first cutter changing device 3, which can reduce the mud cake rooting position in the soil chamber and help improve the transport and transfer efficiency of the spoil in the soil chamber.

[0056] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 to 5 The cutter head 2 further includes a second region, the second region is located on the circumferential outer side of the first region, the second region is provided with cutters 21, the first cutter changing device 3 is located in the central region of the end of the cutter head 2 in the axial direction of the shield body 1, and the shield machine further includes:

[0057] A second cutter changing device 4 is arranged at the end of the cutter head 2 in the axial direction of the shield body 1, the second cutter changing device 4 is located on the circumferential outer side of the first cutter changing device 3, and the second cutter changing device 4 is configured to change the cutters 21 located in the second region.

[0058] Specifically, the second region circumferentially surrounds the first region, and a shape of the second region is adapted to a shape of the first region. For example, in a case where the first region is circular, the first region is a small circle on the cutter head 2 with a radius less than a preset distance, and the second region is an annular ring on the cutter head 2 with a large circle radius equal to a radius of the cutter head 2 and a small circle radius equal to the preset distance. Specifically, the second tool changing device 4 can realize automatic tool changing of the cutters 21.

[0059] Optionally, one or more cutters 21 can be arranged in the second region. Optionally, the second tool changing device 4 can be located in an upper region or a lower region of the shield body 1, or can be located in a lateral region at a same height position as the first tool changing device 3. The second tool changing device 4 can be arranged in one or multiple circumferential positions.

[0060] The shield tunneling machine of this embodiment can change the cutters 21 in the first region on the cutter head 2 by the first tool changing device 3 and change the cutters 21 in the second region on the cutter head 2 by the second tool changing device 4, so that each tool changing device can complete the replacement of the cutters in the region responsible for by the tool changing device, the tool changing process is orderly and targeted, and the tool changing efficiency is improved. Since the arrangement of the cutters 21 on the cutter head 2 covers the full trajectory from the center of the cutter head 2 to the excavation diameter, the cutters 21 in the central region can be changed by the first tool changing device 3, and the cutters 21 on the radial outside of the central region can be changed by the second tool changing device 4, so that automatic tool changing of the cutters 21 on the entire disc surface of the cutter head 2 can be realized, and full-trajectory automatic tool changing of the cutter head 2 can be realized. In the tool changing operation, manual participation is completely avoided, the tool changing efficiency and safety are improved, the construction convenience is improved, and the tunnel construction efficiency is further improved.

[0061] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, Figure 3 The cutter head 2 includes:

[0062] a plurality of main beams 201 extending along a radial direction of the cutter head 2, and the main beams 201 are provided with the cutters 21; and

[0063] a ring beam 202 extending along a circumferential direction of the cutter head 2 and connected to the plurality of main beams 201, the ring beam 202 is located between the center and the circumference of the cutter head 2 along the radial direction, and a region inside the ring beam 202 is the first region, and a region outside the ring beam 202 is the second region.

[0064] Specifically, the ring beam 202 is circumferentially connected between all the main beams 201, or in other words, each section of the ring beam 202 is circumferentially connected between two adjacent main beams 201.

[0065] Optionally, the cutters 21 exactly coinciding with the positions of the ring beam 202 can be divided into the first region or the second region. Optionally, the main beams 201 can be any number, for example, six, and the ring beam 202 can be any annular shape connected end to end, for example, a regular hexagon or a circle, etc.

[0066] The embodiment divides the first area and the second area by taking the ring beam 202 as a boundary, so that the first tool changing device 3 changes the tools 21 on the main beam 201 located on the radial inner side of the ring beam 202, and the second tool changing device 4 changes the tools 21 on the main beam 201 located on the radial outer side of the ring beam 202, which can make the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4 cooperate to change all the tools 21 on the main beam 201, so that the tool changing process is orderly carried out in different areas, and the tool changing efficiency is improved.

[0067] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 The cutter head 2 further comprises:

[0068] A plurality of sub-beams 203 are connected to the ring beam 202 and located on the radial outer side of the ring beam 202, the plurality of sub-beams 203 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and adjacent two sub-beams 203 are located on two sides of the main beam 201 respectively, and the sub-beam 203 is provided with the tool 21.

[0069] Specifically, the sub-beam 203 is connected between the ring beam 202 and the circumference of the cutter head 2, and the tool 21 is located at one end of the sub-beam 203 close to the circumference. Optionally, any number of tools 21 can be arranged on each sub-beam 203, for example, the sub-beam 203 is provided with two branch parts arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and one tool 21 is arranged on each branch part.

[0070] The sub-beam 203 of the embodiment is located on the radial outer side of the ring beam 202, and the tool 21 on the sub-beam 203 can be changed by the second tool changing device 4, so that the tool changing process is orderly carried out in different areas, and the tool changing efficiency is improved.

[0071] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second tool changing device 4 is not lower than the first tool changing device 3.

[0072] Specifically, the second tool changing device 4 is located above the first tool changing device 3, or the height of the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4 is the same.

[0073] In the process that the shield machine lowers the liquid level height in the soil chamber through the slag discharge system, when the liquid level height in the soil chamber is lowered below the middle height, because the second tool changing device 4 is not lower than the first tool changing device 3, the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4 can be exposed at this time, and then the full-face tool changing of the cutter head 2 can be realized, and the tool changing efficiency is improved.

[0074] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the shield body 1 comprises a driving component 11 configured to drive the cutter head 2 to rotate, the driving component 11 is connected to a closed bulkhead 12 located in the central region of the shield body 1, the first tool changing device 3 is installed on the side of the closed bulkhead 12 away from the cutter head 2, and the second tool changing device 4 is located above the closed bulkhead 12.

[0075] Specifically, the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4 each comprise a tool changing bin and a tool changing bin door, the tool changing bin door of the first tool changing device 3 forms part of the closed bulkhead 12 in the closed state to isolate the soil bin and the tool changing bin. The closed bulkhead 12 is also referred to as the main drive center fixed bulkhead. Optionally, the driving component 11 can be a driving box or the like. Optionally, the tool changing bin door of the second tool changing device 4 is located above the closed bulkhead 12.

[0076] The first tool changing device 3 of this embodiment is installed on the side of the closed bulkhead 12 away from the cutter head 2, which can fix the first tool changing device 3 in the central region of the shield body 1, and can make full use of the space on the side of the closed bulkhead 12 away from the cutter head 2, thereby improving the compactness of the tunneling machine.

[0077] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4 The driving component 11 is connected to the cutter head 2 through a twisted leg 13, and the twisted leg 13 extends in the axial direction.

[0078] Specifically, the twisted leg 13 transmits the torque of the driving component 11 to the cutter head 2 as a support structure of the cutter head 2, and drives the cutter head 2 to rotate to realize the excavation of the working face.

[0079] The twisted leg 13 of this embodiment extends in the axial direction, which can reduce the coverage area of the twisted leg 13 at the tool changing position of the cutter head 2 relative to the twisted leg inclined at an angle to the axial direction, and avoid the tool changing path of the automatic tool changing mechanism in the first tool changing device 3 and / or the second tool changing device 4, thereby facilitating the automatic tool changing operation of the first tool changing device 3 and / or the second tool changing device 4.

[0080] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 The cutter head 2 and the shield body 1 are spaced apart in the axial direction, and the soil bin 10 is arranged between the cutter head 2 and the shield body 1, and the tunneling machine further comprises:

[0081] A plurality of first nozzles 5 are arranged on the side of the shield body 1 close to the cutter head 2, and the first nozzles 5 are configured to inject the spoil improvement material into the soil bin 10.

[0082] Specifically, the first nozzles 5 are arranged apart from the tool changing bin doors of the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4. Optionally, the plurality of first nozzles 5 are arranged in the shield body 1 and located on the side close to the cutter head 2, for example, the main body part of the first nozzles 5 is located in the shield body 1, and the nozzle part is located in the soil bin 10.

[0083] Optionally, the first nozzle 5 can be arranged on the closure bulkhead 12, can be arranged radially outside the closure bulkhead 12, or can be arranged both on the closure bulkhead 12 and radially outside the closure bulkhead 12. Optionally, the soil improvement material can be foam, bentonite, or the like.

[0084] In this embodiment, the nozzle of the first nozzle 5 is located in the soil bin 10 and directly injects the soil improvement material into the soil in the soil bin 10, which can improve the soil in the soil bin 10, avoid soil caking, avoid arranging the nozzle on the cutter head 2, and also avoid the soil improvement failure caused by the easily damaged soil improvement material conveying pipeline arranged in the soil bin 10 by means of the L-shaped beam.

[0085] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the shield tunneling machine further comprises:

[0086] a plurality of stirring rods 6 arranged on the side of the shield body 1 close to the cutter head 2, the stirring rods 6 being configured to stir the soil in the soil bin 10.

[0087] Specifically, the stirring rods 6 are arranged apart from the cutter changing doors of the first cutter changing device 3 and the second cutter changing device 4. Optionally, the main body part of the stirring rods 6 can be located in the soil bin 10 and can stir the soil in the soil bin 10 without elongation; or the stirring rods 6 can be arranged in the shield body 1 and located on the side close to the cutter head 2, and can be elongated into the soil bin 10 to stir the soil only when necessary.

[0088] Optionally, the stirring rods 6 can be arranged on the closure bulkhead 12, can be arranged radially outside the closure bulkhead 12, or can be arranged both on the closure bulkhead 12 and radially outside the closure bulkhead 12. Optionally, the stirring rods 6 are passive stirring rods, and the stirring rods 6 can be arranged in pairs with the first nozzles 5.

[0089] In this embodiment, the stirring rods 6 stir the soil in the soil bin 10, which can accelerate the soil improvement of the soil, make the soil loose and not easy to cake, and thus improve the conveying and transferring efficiency of the soil in the soil bin.

[0090] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the stirring rods 6 are axially telescopic, and the end of the stirring rods 6 close to the cutter head 2 is provided with a second nozzle 60, the stirring rods 6 being configured to be elongated in the case of shutdown of the shield tunneling machine to flush the cutter head 2 through the second nozzle 60.

[0091] In this embodiment, the axially telescopic stirring rods 6 are elongated to the back of the cutter head 2 in the case of shutdown of the shield tunneling machine to flush the cutter head 2 through the second nozzle 60, which can prevent the cutter head 2 from caking mud, and avoid the mud cake from interfering with the cutter changing operation of the cutter changing device.

[0092] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5 The cutter 21 includes a cutter box 211 and a roller cutter 213, the cutter shaft of the roller cutter 213 is detachably mounted on the cutter box 211, the distance between the rotation axis of the roller cutter 213 in the assembled state and the bottom surface 210 of the cutter box 211 is the roller cutter mounting height, in the case that the shield machine is in the steering state, the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter 21 located in the outermost track of the cutter head 2 is greater than the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter 21 located in other tracks of the cutter head 2.

[0093] Specifically, the cutter box 211 is fixed to the cutter mounting beam of the cutter head 2, which includes a main beam 201 and a secondary beam 203, etc. In the case that the shield machine is in the straight tunneling state, the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter 21 located in the outermost track of the cutter head 2 is equal to the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter 21 located in other tracks of the cutter head 2, in the case that the shield machine is in the steering state, increasing the roller cutter mounting height of the outermost track of the cutter head 2 can realize the overbreak function, and further realize the steering of the shield machine.

[0094] Specifically, the cutter 21 located in the outermost track of the cutter head 2 and the cutter 21 located in other areas of the cutter head 2 have different inclination angles, for example, the cutter 21 located in the outermost track of the cutter head 2 is inclined outward relative to the cutter located in the central area of the cutter head 2. Alternatively, the inclination angles of the plurality of cutters 21 located in the outermost track of the cutter head 2 can also be different, which can cover different tracks.

[0095] Alternatively, the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter 21 located in the outermost track of the cutter head 2 can be higher, which can be that the mounting position of the cutter box 211 is more outward, which can be that the height of the cutter box 211 itself is higher, which can be that the size of the cutter shaft of the roller cutter is larger, and which can be that the height of the connecting member such as the pad between the cutter box 211 and the cutter shaft of the roller cutter is higher. Alternatively, the models of the roller cutters 213 of the cutters 21 on the cutter head 2 can be the same or different.

[0096] This embodiment can realize the overbreak of the cutter head 2 by increasing the roller cutter mounting height of the outermost roller cutter 213 in the steering state of the shield machine, which is easy to realize the steering of the shield machine; increasing the roller cutter mounting height of the outermost roller cutter 213 can effectively replace the overbreak cutter device arranged on the cutter head and the hydraulic oil line passing through the soil chamber 10.

[0097] In some embodiments, a wireless cutter wear monitoring device is arranged on the cutter head 2, and the wireless cutter wear monitoring device is configured to monitor the wear condition of the roller cutter 213.

[0098] The embodiment can monitor the wear of the rolling cutter 213 in real time through the wireless cutter wear monitoring device, so that the first cutter changing device 3 and the second cutter changing device 4 can perform the cutter changing operation on the cutter 21 in need of changing.

[0099] In some embodiments, the cutter 21 further includes a pad 212, the pad 212 being detachably fixed to the cutter box 211, and the cutter shaft of the rolling cutter 213 being detachably installed on the pad 212, and the second cutter changing device 4 is further configured to replace the pad 212 of the cutter 21 located at the outermost periphery of the cutter disc 2, so that the installation height of the rolling cutter of the cutter 21 located at the outermost periphery is increased when the tunneling machine is in the steering state.

[0100] The embodiment can automatically replace the pad 212 of the cutter 21 located at the outermost periphery of the cutter disc 2 through the second cutter changing device 4, without the need for manual replacement of the pad 212, so that the replacement efficiency and safety of the pad 212 can be improved, and the switching efficiency of the tunneling machine between the straight tunneling state and the steering state can be improved.

[0101] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5 The cutter 21 further includes a pad 212 and a limiting block 214, the pad 212 being an L-shaped pad, the pad 212 being fixed to the cutter box 211, and the pad 212 being provided with an accommodating groove for accommodating the cutter shaft, the accommodating groove having an opening for the cutter shaft to enter and exit. In the assembled state, the limiting block 214 fixes the rolling cutter 213 to the cutter mounting beam by abutting against the cutter shaft, and in the cutter changing state, the limiting block 214 is spaced apart from the cutter shaft to provide a passage for the cutter shaft to exit and enter the accommodating groove.

[0102] Specifically, the pad 212 includes an assembly surface 220 parallel to the bottom surface 210 of the cutter box 211 and a cutter shaft cooperation surface, and the distance between the assembly surface 220 and the cutter shaft cooperation surface is the pad height. When the size of the cutter shaft, the installation position of the cutter box 211 on the cutter mounting beam, and the height of the cutter box 211 are all fixed, the pad 212 of the cutter 21 located at the outermost periphery of the cutter disc 2 is replaced through the second cutter changing device 4 to adjust the pad height, so that the installation height of the rolling cutter can be adjusted at a lower cost and more conveniently, for example, the cutter disc 2 can be expanded by increasing the pad height of the cutter 21 located at the outermost periphery of the cutter disc 2, and the steering of the tunneling machine can be easily realized.

[0103] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 The first cutter changing device 3 and / or the second cutter changing device 4 include:

[0104] The cutter changing bin 31 is provided in the shield body 1, and the cutter changing bin 31 is provided with a working opening on the side close to the cutter disc 2.

[0105] The tool changing door 32 is configured to selectively close the working opening; and

[0106] The automatic tool changing mechanism 33 is arranged in the tool changing bin 31, and the automatic tool changing mechanism 33 is configured to perform the tool changing operation.

[0107] Specifically, the tool changing door 32 closes the working opening in the normal working condition, and opens the working opening when the tool needs to be changed, i.e. in the tool changing working condition, the automatic tool changing mechanism 33 extends out of the tool changing bin 31, and can automatically change the tool 21 with multiple degrees of freedom.

[0108] This embodiment can accurately complete the hob changing by the automatic tool changing mechanism 33 arranged in the tool changing bin 31; the tool changing door 32 closes the working opening in the normal working condition, and opens the working opening in the tool changing working condition, which can avoid the muck in the soil bin 10 from entering the tool changing bin 31, and avoid the adverse effects of the muck on the tool changing operation of the automatic tool changing mechanism 33.

[0109] Secondly, the present disclosure also provides a shield tunneling machine tool changing method based on the above-mentioned embodiment, comprising:

[0110] Obtaining the area position information of the tool to be changed;

[0111] If the tool to be changed is located in the first area, the first tool changing device 3 is used to change the tool to be changed.

[0112] The tool changing method of this embodiment can automatically change the tool located in the central area of the cutterhead 2 by the first tool changing device 3, which improves the tool changing efficiency and safety, and further improves the tunnel construction efficiency.

[0113] In some embodiments, the cutterhead 2 further comprises a second area located on the circumferential outer side of the first area, and the shield tunneling machine further comprises a second tool changing device 4 located on the circumferential outer side of the first tool changing device 3, and the shield tunneling machine tool changing method further comprises:

[0114] If the tool to be changed is located in the second area, the second tool changing device 4 is used to change the tool to be changed.

[0115] The tool changing method of this embodiment can automatically change the tool located in the second area of the cutterhead 2 by the second tool changing device 4, which can make each tool changing device complete the automatic changing of the hob in the area responsible for by the tool changing device, make the tool changing process orderly and targeted, improve the tool changing automation level, tool changing efficiency and tool changing safety, and further improve the tunnel construction efficiency.

[0116] In some embodiments, the method further comprises, before the second tool changing device 4 changes the tool 21:

[0117] obtaining the circumferential position information of the tool to be changed;

[0118] rotating the cutterhead 2 to rotate the tool to be changed to a region coverable by the second tool changing device 4.

[0119] The tool changing method of this embodiment can complete the tool changing operation with a smaller number of second tool changing devices 4 by rotating the cutterhead 2 according to the circumferential position information of the tool 21, thereby reducing the number of second tool changing devices 4.

[0120] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0121] In the case that a part of the tools to be changed are located in the first region and another part of the tools to be changed are located in the second region, rotating the cutterhead 2 to rotate the tools to be changed located in the second region to a region coverable by the second tool changing device 4, and simultaneously changing the tools to be changed in the first region and the second region by the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4 respectively.

[0122] The tool changing method of this embodiment can improve the tool changing efficiency and the tunnel construction efficiency when changing a large number of tools by changing the tools to be changed in the first region and the second region by the first tool changing device 3 and the second tool changing device 4 at the same time.

[0123] In some embodiments, the tool 21 comprises a roller cutter 213, the cutterhead 2 is provided with a wireless tool wear monitoring device, and the method further comprises, before obtaining the region position information of the tool to be changed:

[0124] obtaining the wear information of the roller cutter 213 by the wireless tool wear monitoring device, and determining the tool to be changed according to the wear information.

[0125] The tool changing method of this embodiment can change the tool 21 according to the real-time wear condition of the roller cutter 213.

[0126] In some specific embodiments, the cutterhead 2 comprises a main beam 201, a sub-beam 203 and a ring beam 202, the tool 21 comprises a roller cutter 213, and the method comprises:

[0127] 1. According to the wear data transmitted by the wireless tool wear monitoring device, the serial number of the tool to be replaced is determined, and the automatic tool changing controller identifies the main beam 201 and the distribution radius corresponding to the tool with the serial number. The hob 213 in the ring beam 202 is only distributed on the main beam 201, and the hob 213 outside the ring beam 202 is distributed on the main beam 201 and the auxiliary beam 203. Taking the ring beam 202 of the cutter head as the limit, the first tool changing device 3 replaces the hob inside the ring beam 202 on the main beam 201, and the second tool changing device 4 replaces the hob outside the ring beam 202 on the main beam 201 and the auxiliary beam 203;

[0128] 2. If the hob 213 on the main beam 201 inside the ring beam 202 of the cutter head needs to be replaced, the automatic tool changing mechanism of the first tool changing device 3 can directly replace it through multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment;

[0129] 3. If the hob 213 on the main beam 201 and the auxiliary beam 203 outside the ring beam 202 needs to be replaced, the circumferential position of the tool to be replaced outside the ring beam 202 needs to be identified, and the cutter head 2 is rotated to the area that can be covered by the second tool changing device 4 to replace the hob outside the ring beam 202;

[0130] 4. If the cutter head 2 needs to replace the hob 213 in a large range, the circumferential position of the hob 213 outside the ring beam 202 needs to be identified, and the cutter head 2 is rotated to the area that can be replaced by the second tool changing device 4. While the second tool changing device 4 replaces the hob to be replaced outside the ring beam 202, the first tool changing device 3 replaces the hob to be replaced inside the ring beam 202.

[0131] The above describes in detail a shield tunneling machine and a shield tunneling machine tool changing method provided by the present disclosure. The principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure are described by applying specific examples. The above example is only used to help understand the method and its core idea. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the technical field, without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, the present disclosure can be improved and modified in several ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A tunneling machine characterized by, Comprising: a shield body (1); a cutter head (2) rotatably coaxially connected to the shield body (1), the cutter head (2) comprising a first region and a center of the cutter head (2) being located in the first region, the first region being provided with cutters (21); and a first tool changing device (3) provided in the shield body (1), the first tool changing device (3) being configured to change the cutters (21) located in the first region.

2. The tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, The cutter head (2) further comprises a second region located on the circumferential outer side of the first region, the second region being provided with cutters (21), the first tool changing device (3) being located in the central region of the shield body (1) close to one end of the cutter head (2) in the axial direction, the shield tunneling machine further comprising: a second tool changing device (4) provided close to one end of the cutter head (2) in the axial direction of the shield body (1), the second tool changing device (4) being located on the circumferential outer side of the first tool changing device (3), the second tool changing device (4) being configured to change the cutters (21) located in the second region.

3. The tunneling machine of claim 2, wherein, The second tool changing device (4) is not lower than the first tool changing device (3).

4. The tunneling machine of claim 2, wherein, The cutter head (2) comprises: a plurality of main beams (201) extending in the radial direction of the cutter head (2), the main beams (201) being provided with the cutters (21); and a ring beam (202) extending in the circumferential direction of the cutter head (2) and connected to a plurality of the main beams (201), in the radial direction of the cutter head, the ring beam (202) being located between the center and the circumferential edge of the cutter head (2), the region on the radial inner side of the ring beam (202) being the first region, and the region on the radial outer side of the ring beam (202) being the second region.

5. The tunneling machine of claim 4, wherein, The cutter head (2) further comprises: a plurality of secondary beams (203) connected to the ring beam (202) and located on the radial outer side of the ring beam (202), a plurality of the secondary beams (203) being arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and adjacent two of the secondary beams (203) being respectively located on both sides of the main beam (201), the secondary beams (203) being provided with the cutters (21).

6. The tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, The shield body (1) comprises a driving component (11) configured to drive the cutter head (2) to rotate, and a closed partition plate (12) located in the central region of the shield body (1), the driving component (11) being connected to the closed partition plate (12), and the first tool changing device (3) being mounted on the side of the closed partition plate (12) away from the cutter head (2).

7. The tunneling machine of claim 6, wherein, The driving component (11) is connected to the cutter head (2) through a twisted leg (13) extending in the axial direction.

8. The tunneling machine of claim 1, wherein, The cutter head (2) and the shield body (1) are arranged at intervals in the axial direction and a soil chamber (10) is provided between the cutter head (2) and the shield body (1), the shield tunneling machine further comprising: a plurality of first nozzles (5) provided on the side of the shield body (1) close to the cutter head (2), the first nozzles (5) being configured to inject spoil improvement material into the soil chamber (10).

9. The tunneling machine of claim 8, wherein, Further comprising: A plurality of stirring rods (6) are arranged on the shield body (1) near the cutter head (2), and the stirring rods (6) are configured to stir the muck in the soil bin (10).

10. The tunneling machine of claim 9, wherein, The stirring rods (6) are axially retractable, and one end of each of the stirring rods (6) near the cutter head (2) is provided with a second nozzle (60), and the stirring rods (6) are configured to be extended to flush the cutter head (2) through the second nozzles (60) when the TBM is stopped.

11. The tunneling machine of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The cutter (21) comprises a cutter box (211) and a roller cutter (213), the cutter shaft of the roller cutter (213) is detachably mounted on the cutter box (211), the distance between the rotation axis of the roller cutter (213) in the assembled state and the bottom surface (210) of the cutter box (211) is the roller cutter mounting height, and the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter (21) located at the outermost periphery of the cutter head (2) is greater than the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter (21) located at other positions of the cutter head (2) when the TBM is in the steering state.

12. The tunneling machine of claim 11, wherein, The cutter head (2) further comprises a second area located at the circumferential outer side of the first area, and the second area is provided with cutters (21), the first cutter changing device (3) is located at the central area of the shield body (1) near one end of the cutter head (2), and the TBM further comprises a second cutter changing device (4) arranged at one end of the shield body (1) near the cutter head (2), the second cutter changing device (4) is located at the circumferential outer side of the first cutter changing device (3), and the second cutter changing device (4) is configured to change the cutters (21) located at the second area. The cutter (21) further comprises a pad block (212) detachably fixed on the cutter box (211), and the cutter shaft of the roller cutter (213) is detachably mounted on the pad block (212), and the second cutter changing device (4) is further configured to replace the pad block (212) of the cutter (21) located at the outermost periphery of the cutter head (2) to increase the roller cutter mounting height of the cutter (21) located at the outermost periphery when the TBM is in the steering state.

13. The tunneling machine of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The cutter (21) comprises a roller cutter (213), and the cutter head (2) is provided with a wireless cutter wear monitoring device configured to monitor the wear of the roller cutter (213).

14. The tunneling machine of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The first cutter changing device (3) comprises: a cutter changing bin (31) arranged in the shield body (1), one side of the cutter changing bin (31) near the cutter head (2) is provided with a working opening; a cutter changing bin door (32) configured to selectively close the working opening; and an automatic cutter changing mechanism (33) arranged in the cutter changing bin (31), and the automatic cutter changing mechanism (33) is configured to perform the cutter changing operation.

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