Anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanical construction system

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanical construction system which comprises an anchor rod trolley and an anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod, the anchor rod trolley comprises a drilling station and an anchor rod station, the anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod comprises a hollow rod body, a nut, a base plate, a grout stop plug and an anti-falling cap, and the nut, the base plate, the grout stop plug and the anti-falling cap are sequentially arranged on the hollow rod body. Wherein the anti-falling cap is installed at the head of the hollow rod body, the stop-grouting plug is installed at the front end of the base plate, an inner hole of the stop-grouting plug is a through hole and is attached to the large diameter of the hollow rod body, the large end face of the stop-grouting plug makes contact with the base plate, an inner hole of the base plate is a through hole and has a gap with the outer surface of the hollow rod body, the base plate is arranged at the front end of the nut, and the nut tightly presses the base plate to enable the base plate to be tightly attached to the rock surface. During vault construction, the anchor rod of the construction system has an anti-falling function, and the matched anchor rod trolley can realize mechanical installation and automatic grouting, thereby being beneficial to improving the field construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a construction technology for grouting non-prestressed anchor bolts that can be used for mechanized support in underground spaces. During arch construction, the anchor bolts of the construction system of this utility model have an anti-fall function, and the matching anchor bolt trolley can realize mechanized installation and automatic grouting, which helps to improve on-site construction efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, threaded steel anchors are commonly used in underground space arch support, and are primarily installed manually, which is inefficient. Firstly, because threaded steel anchors cannot be fitted with anti-fall devices, they must be manually driven into the hole, and wooden wedges must be manually installed at the hole opening to prevent them from falling. Secondly, traditional threaded steel anchors are solid structures that require binding with grouting pipes for grouting, and these pipes are flexible, requiring manual connection between the pipe opening and the grouting equipment, a process difficult to mechanize. For these reasons, threaded steel anchor construction remains largely manual, significantly hindering on-site construction efficiency and impacting the overall project progress. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model proposes a mechanized construction system for anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolts, which effectively solves the various pain points of traditional threaded steel anchor bolts being unable to achieve mechanized construction.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a mechanized construction system for anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolts, including an anchor bolt trolley and an anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt. The anchor bolt trolley includes a drilling station and an anchor bolt station. A drill rod is installed at the drilling station, and a push rod is installed at the anchor bolt station for connecting with the anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt. The anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt includes a hollow rod body and a nut, a washer, a grout stopper, and an anti-fall cap arranged sequentially on the hollow rod body. The anti-fall cap is installed at the head of the hollow rod body, and the grout stopper is installed at the front end of the washer. The inner hole of the grout stopper is a through hole that fits the large diameter of the hollow rod body. The large end face of the grout stopper contacts the washer. The inner hole of the washer is a through hole that has a gap with the outer surface of the hollow rod body. The washer is set at the front end of the nut, and the nut presses the washer so that the washer is tightly attached to the rock surface.

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the positive effects of this utility model are:

[0006] (1) After adopting the anti-falling hollow anchor rod mechanized construction system of the present utility model, the construction process is simple, greatly improving the construction efficiency and saving construction time. The anti-falling hollow anchor rod mechanized construction process only includes 4 processes: drilling, hole alignment, pushing the rod, and grouting. Compared with the complex installation process of traditional mortar anchor rods, it greatly saves the installation time. The construction of traditional mortar anchor rods mainly includes 8 processes: tying the grouting pipe and exhaust pipe → hole forming → inserting the rod → starting the grouting machine to connect the grouting pipe → grouting → withdrawing the grouting pipe to the hole mouth while grouting → stopping grouting when the slurry overflows to the hole mouth → installing the nut and backing plate.

[0007] (2) The combined use of the bolt trolley and the anti-falling hollow anchor rod effectively solves the long-standing problem that the bolt body falls from the arch top, resulting in the inability to achieve mechanized construction of the anchor rod. Through the grouting system自带 by the bolt trolley, after pushing the rod, there is no need for conversion, and grouting can be directly carried out through the inner hole of the push rod, saving grouting time. The inner hole of the hollow anchor rod can allow the slurry to flow through, eliminating the need to separately tie the grouting pipe and exhaust pipe; the inner hole of the hollow anchor rod is larger than the inner hole of the existing deformed steel bar grouting pipe, making the grouting smoother and improving the grouting fullness; and the internal channel of the hollow anchor rod can be used for grouting. After pushing the rod, the grouting function can be directly activated to grout along the inner hole of the hollow rod, without the need to separately tie the grouting pipe for grouting.

[0008] (3) Mechanically installing the anti-falling hollow anchor rod only requires 1 operator to complete the installation of the anchor rod throughout the process. Compared with the installation of traditional deformed steel bar anchor rods by 3 - 4 people, it greatly saves manpower and material resources.

[0009] (4) The mechanized construction of the hollow anchor rod can be carried out in parallel before and after the face drilling process, and the construction process arrangement is more reasonable, shortening the overall construction time for each footage.

[0010] (5) The mechanized construction process配套 with the anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system of the present utility model can effectively solve the problem of inconvenient mortar grouting through the cooperation of the grouting system of the bolt trolley and the inner hole of the hollow rod. The push rod of the trolley grouting system is connected to the inner hole of the anchor rod, and grouting can be directly completed after pushing the rod, avoiding the cumbersome process of converting to a separate grouting trolley after installing the traditional deformed steel bar anchor rod. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present utility model will be described by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod of the present utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-falling cap of the present utility model;

[0014] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the mechanized construction process of the anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt and the anchor bolt trolley for this utility model.

[0015] The attached diagram includes the following labels: 1. Hollow rod, 2. Nut, 3. Gasket, 4. Anti-slip plug, 5. Small cone, 6. Spring, 7. Anti-slip spring, 8. Push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0016] A mechanized construction system for anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolts includes an anchor bolt trolley and an anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt. The anchor bolt trolley includes a drilling station (rock drill) and an anchor bolt station (anchor bolt machine). The drilling station is equipped with a drill rod, and the anchor bolt station is equipped with a push rod 9 for connecting to the anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt.

[0017] Traditional anchor bolts suitable for mechanized construction are mostly prestressed anchor bolts, but there are currently no non-prestressed anchor bolts that can be installed using mechanized methods. This utility model's anti-fall hollow grouting anchor bolt is a non-prestressed anchor bolt that can be installed using mechanized methods. Its specific structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes: hollow rod 1, nut 2, washer 3, grout stop plug 4, anti-fall cap 5, etc., wherein:

[0018] The structure of the fall protection helmet 5 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the device consists of a spring 7 and a fall arrestor 8, forming a conical structure that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. When inserted into the hole, it provides fall protection. The small conical surface 6 at the tip of the fall arrestor 8 can be a circumferentially oriented conical structure or simply a symmetrical, non-closed conical structure. The fall arrestor 8 extends diagonally downwards from the main body, forming an elastic support leg of a certain length (determined by the anchor hole diameter), thickness, and width. This structure possesses a certain degree of toughness. Before being inserted into the anchor hole, the elastic support leg has a large opening. After being inserted, due to its toughness, the elastic support leg contracts, exerting pressure on the hole wall. When the anchor rod falls, it supports or embeds itself into the hole wall, achieving the fall protection effect. There can be two or more elastic support legs in the circumferential direction.

[0019] The small conical surface and elastic support legs of the anti-fall shrapnel can be made by bending elastic steel sheets.

[0020] Spring 7 is a steel spring, and the spring and the anti-fall spring are connected by welding.

[0021] The fall arrestor 5 is installed at the head of the hollow rod 1. The pitch and size of the spring 7 match the threads on the outer surface of the hollow rod 1, allowing it to be screwed in normally without the hollow rod passing through the fall arrestor.

[0022] The grout stopper 4 is installed at the front end of the pad 3. The inner hole of the grout stopper 4 is a through hole that fits the major diameter of the hollow rod body 1. The large end face of the grout stopper 4 is in contact with the pad 3. During grouting, cement mortar leaks out from the gap between the pad 3 and the anchor hole opening.

[0023] After the fall arrestor 5 is placed into the anchor hole, its large end contacts the anchor hole wall, and the head of the hollow rod 1 is in the center of the fall arrestor. Therefore, the head of the hollow rod is centered in the hole. Similarly, the large end of the grout stop plug 4 also contacts the anchor hole wall (to prevent grout leakage). The hollow rod is centered in the grout stop plug. Since the entire hollow rod is straight and the anchor hole is also straight, the hollow rod is centered in the anchor hole.

[0024] The inner hole of the pad 3 is a through hole, with a gap between it and the outer surface of the hollow rod 1. The pad 3 is in contact with the rock surface and is located at the front end of the nut 2. The nut 2 has internal threads, and the nut presses the pad 3 tightly, so that the pad is in close contact with the rock surface. When the cement mortar solidifies, if the surrounding rock tends to displace, the load is borne on the pad, and the pad can limit the displacement of the surrounding rock.

[0025] The working principle of this utility model:

[0026] This invention enables mechanized support for non-prestressed anchor bolts. The principle is as follows: the anti-fall cap consists of a spring and an anti-fall spring plate. The spring has a helical structure that matches the helical structure of the anchor bolt, allowing it to rotate normally to the head of the anchor bolt. When the hollow anchor bolt is pushed into the anchor hole, the anti-fall cap, with its conical structure and small end entering first, and featuring a small conical surface at the front, smoothly enters the anchor hole. When the pad is pressed tightly against the tunnel rock surface and the pad is pressed tightly against the nut, the rod is pushed into place. The anchor rod is a hollow anchor rod. The anchor bolting machine is pressed tightly against the tail of the hollow rod. The anchor bolting machine can directly inject grout into the anchor hole through the inner hole of the anchor rod. After the grouting is completed, when the anchor bolting machine is separated from the rod, the anchor rod tends to fall downwards due to its own weight and the weight of the cement mortar supported on the pad. However, because the large end of the anti-fall cap cone structure is facing downwards and the initial opening size of the two elastic legs is larger than the inner diameter of the anchor hole, the elastic legs exert pressure on the inner wall of the hole. Therefore, the elastic legs of the anti-fall cap can immediately support the inner wall of the hole, thereby preventing the anchor rod and cement mortar from falling, continuously bearing the load and maintaining balance until the cement mortar is completely solidified.

[0027] The anchor bolt trolley for installing hollow anchor bolts, which is compatible with this utility model, has two workstations: a rock drill workstation and an anchor bolt machine workstation. The rock drill workstation is used to drill anchor bolt holes (using a drill bit and drill rod, with the drill rod's tail connected to the rock drill via a threaded structure). After drilling is completed, the rock drill is moved away by rotating or translating, and the anchor bolt machine reaches the original rock drill workstation. The anchor bolt machine has pre-grabbed the anchor bolt in the anchor bolt magazine and clamped it onto the machine. When the anchor bolt machine reaches the original rock drill position, the front end of the anchor bolt is aligned with the hole opening, and the rear end of the anchor bolt is threadedly connected to the anchor bolt machine. The anchor bolt body has external threads, and the anchor bolt machine has a sleeve with internal threads. After the anchor bolt is grabbed and placed on the anchor bolt machine, the sleeve is aligned with the anchor bolt body and screwed on, connecting and mating the anchor bolt machine and the anchor bolt body. Later, cement mortar can be injected into the anchor hole through this sleeve from the inner hole of the anchor bolt.

[0028] The schematic diagram of the construction process flow配套 with the anti - falling hollow grouting bolt mechanized construction system of the utility model is as Figure 3 shown, and it includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Hole forming: According to the construction requirements, the bolt jumbo uses a rock drill to drill holes at the positions that need to be supported. After the drilling is completed, the rock drill retreats to the starting position.

[0030] (2) Hole alignment: Operate the boom of the bolt jumbo to rotate around the fixed point, switch from the rock drilling station to the bolt station. The clamp picks up the bolt in the bolt storage to the pushing station and aligns it with the hole mouth of the anchor hole.

[0031] (3) Pushing the rod: The bolt drill is connected to the bolt through the push rod, and then pushes the bolt forward to push the anti - falling hollow bolt into the anchor hole until the backing plate presses tightly against the surrounding rock. At this time, the anti - falling cap is embedded in the rock to support the rod body and prevent the rod body from falling.

[0032] (4) Grouting: Start the grouting function of the bolt drill. The equipment injects the cement mortar into the inner hole of the hollow bolt through the inner hole of the push rod. The cement mortar is transported to the bottom of the hole through the inner hole of the rod body and then flows back to the hole mouth along the gap between the rod body and the anchor hole. After filling the cement mortar, stop the machine. The bolt machine retreats to the starting position.

Claims

1. A fall-preventing hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system, characterized in that: The anchor rod trolley comprises a drilling station and an anchor rod station, the drilling station is provided with a drill rod, and the anchor rod station is provided with a pushing rod for connecting with the anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod, the anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod comprises a hollow rod body and a nut, a backing plate, a grouting stopper and an anti-falling cap which are sequentially arranged on the hollow rod body, wherein the anti-falling cap is arranged at the head of the hollow rod body, the grouting stopper is arranged at the front end of the backing plate, the inner hole of the grouting stopper is a through hole which is in close contact with the large diameter of the hollow rod body, the large end surface of the grouting stopper is in contact with the backing plate, the inner hole of the backing plate is a through hole which has a gap with the outer surface of the hollow rod body, the backing plate is arranged at the front end of the nut, and the nut presses the backing plate so that the backing plate is tightly attached to the rock surface.

2. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-falling cap is welded by a spring and an anti-falling spring sheet.

3. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spring has a spiral structure, and the pitch and size of the spring are matched with the thread on the outer surface of the hollow rod body.

4. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-falling spring sheet comprises a small taper surface at the top end and an elastic leg at the tail.

5. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The small taper surface is a circumferential conical structure.

6. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The small taper surface is a symmetrical non-closed vertebral surface structure.

7. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The small taper surface and the elastic leg are made by bending an elastic steel sheet. 8.The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic leg is at least two in the circumferential direction.

9. The anti-falling hollow grouting anchor rod mechanized construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-falling cap has a vertebral body structure which is small at the top and large at the bottom.

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