Hybrid super capacitor, low-voltage power supply system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a hybrid super capacitor, a low-voltage power supply system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles. The hybrid super capacitor comprises a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS, wherein the capacitor module comprises a plurality of hybrid super capacitor monomers which are connected in series; and the BMS is connected with the output end of the capacitor module, and is used for collecting current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module, and carrying out charging and discharging protection on the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information, the voltage information and the temperature information. According to the hybrid super capacitor, the requirement of the functional safety level on a power supply in a vehicle low-voltage power supply system can be met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a hybrid super capacitor, a low-voltage power supply system and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles, vehicle electrification and intelligent driving systems, more and more vehicles begin to be equipped with intelligent driving systems, and the requirements for the safety of vehicle low-voltage power supply are also higher and higher, especially for the intelligent driving systems of L3 level and above, the functional safety level of the power supply system is required to reach ASIL D.

[0003] To meet the requirement of functional safety level ASIL D of the power supply system, the vehicle low-voltage power supply system needs to redundantly design the power supply system, that is, to use the main power supply circuit and the backup power supply circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load on the vehicle in double circuits. And the power supply in each power supply circuit should take into account the reliability, safety, weight, cost, energy / power size, life and other factors. In the related art, the power supply in the vehicle low-voltage power supply system usually selects lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries or super capacitors.

[0004] However, since the lead-acid battery has the disadvantages of poor low-temperature performance, short service life, heavy weight, large size and lead pollution, the lithium battery has the disadvantages of short service life, heavy weight and small power, and the super capacitor has small energy, which cannot meet the requirements of many applicable scenarios of vehicles. The above energy storage devices cannot meet the requirements of functional safety level for the power supply in the vehicle low-voltage power supply system. Invention content

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a hybrid super capacitor, a low-voltage power supply system and a vehicle, the hybrid super capacitor has the advantages of reliable safety, large power, long service life, lightweight and the like, and can meet the requirements of functional safety level for the power supply in the vehicle low-voltage power supply system.

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a hybrid super capacitor, comprising: a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS;

[0007] The capacitor module comprises a plurality of hybrid super capacitor monomers connected in series;

[0008] The BMS is connected with the output end of the capacitor module, used to collect current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module, and to perform charge and discharge protection on the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the BMS comprises a system base chip SBC and a micro control unit MCU, the SBC and the MCU are respectively connected with the output end of the capacitor module, and the SBC and the MCU are in communication connection.

[0010] The SBC is configured to collect current information and voltage information of the capacitor module and transmit the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module to the MCU.

[0011] The MCU is configured to perform charge and discharge protection on the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the BMS further comprises a thermistor.

[0013] The thermistor is connected to an output end of the capacitor module, and the thermistor is further connected to the MCU.

[0014] The thermistor is configured to collect temperature information of the capacitor module and transmit the temperature information of the capacitor module to the MCU.

[0015] The MCU is further configured to perform charge and discharge protection on the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the BMS further comprises a shunt, the shunt is connected to an output end of the capacitor module, and the shunt is further connected to the SBC.

[0017] The shunt is configured to collect current information of the capacitor module and transmit the current information of the capacitor module to the SBC.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the SBC comprises a communication unit, the communication unit is in communication connection with the MCU, and the communication unit is configured to:

[0019] obtain capacitor module information stored in the MCU, and upload the capacitor module information through CAN or LIN communication, the capacitor module information comprising one or more of capacity information, internal resistance information, voltage information, current information, temperature information and diagnostic information.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the MCU comprises a first comparator, a first input end of the first comparator is connected to a discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, and a second input end of the first comparator is connected to a first voltage threshold.

[0021] An output end of the first comparator outputs a first control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage is not greater than the first voltage threshold, and the first control signal is used to instruct the MCU to output low-voltage warning prompt information.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the MCU further comprises a second comparator.

[0023] a first input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, a second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to a second voltage threshold, the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold; an output terminal of the second comparator outputs a second control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the second voltage threshold, the second control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid super capacitor;

[0024] alternatively,

[0025] a first input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, a second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to a second voltage threshold, the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold; an output terminal of the second comparator outputs a second control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the second voltage threshold, the second control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid super capacitor;

[0026] In a possible implementation, the MCU further comprises a third comparator;

[0027] a first input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, a second input terminal of the third comparator is connected to a third voltage threshold, the third voltage threshold is less than the second voltage threshold; an output terminal of the third comparator outputs a third control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the third voltage threshold, the third control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging;

[0028] alternatively,

[0029] a first input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, a second input terminal of the third comparator is connected to a second voltage threshold, the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold; an output terminal of the third comparator outputs a third control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the third voltage threshold, the third control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging.

[0030] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a low-voltage power supply system, comprising: a first low-voltage power supply circuit and a second low-voltage power supply circuit;

[0031] the first low-voltage power supply circuit comprises: a main DC-DC converter, and a low-voltage lithium battery connected to the main DC-DC converter, the main DC-DC converter is further connected to a high-voltage battery of a vehicle through a switching circuit;

[0032] The second low-voltage power supply circuit comprises the hybrid super capacitor according to any one of the first aspect, and a backup DC-DC converter connected with the hybrid super capacitor, and the backup DC-DC converter is further connected with the high-voltage battery.

[0033] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, comprising the low-voltage power supply system according to the second aspect.

[0034] The embodiments of the present application provide a hybrid super capacitor, a low-voltage power supply system and a vehicle. The hybrid super capacitor comprises a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS. The capacitor module comprising a plurality of hybrid super capacitor cells in series can ensure the energy and power of the hybrid super capacitor, and has the advantages of long service life, lightweight, etc. The BMS can be connected with the output end of the capacitor module, and can perform charge and discharge protection on the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module, to ensure the reliable operation and safety of the hybrid super capacitor, so that the hybrid super capacitor can meet the requirements of functional safety level ASIL D on the power supply in the low-voltage power supply system of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0036] Figure 1 A structure diagram of the hybrid super capacitor according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 A structure diagram of the low-voltage power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Reference signs: 101, capacitor module; 102, integrated controller BMS; 103, hybrid super capacitor cell; 104, shunt; 105, thermistor; 201, main DC-DC converter; 202, low-voltage lithium battery; 203, switching circuit; 204, high-voltage battery; 205, hybrid super capacitor; 206, backup DC-DC converter.

[0039] Through the above drawings, the specific embodiments of the present application have been shown, and will be described in more detail hereinafter. These drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present application by any means, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the attached drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to apply to any exemplary embodiment, unless specified otherwise. It is believed that the application will be better understood from the following description with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0041] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application, and above, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the use of the terms so termed herein is used in a non-limiting sense and in their context-specific sense, that the data so described are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of possible sequential or chronological order other than the one illustrated or other than is performed.

[0042] The hybrid supercapacitor, low-voltage power supply system and vehicle of the present application can be used in the field of new energy vehicle technology, and can also be used in any field other than the field of new energy vehicle technology, such as the field of battery technology. The application field of the hybrid supercapacitor, low-voltage power supply system and vehicle of the present application is not limited.

[0043] The hybrid supercapacitor, low-voltage power supply system and vehicle of the present application can be applied to the low-voltage charging and discharging scenarios of new energy vehicles, and any related scenarios involving low-voltage charging and discharging, such as low-voltage charging and discharging scenarios when the vehicle is running, low-voltage charging and discharging scenarios when the vehicle is stationary, etc. The hybrid supercapacitor, low-voltage power supply system and vehicle of the present application can be applied.

[0044] First, the terms involved in the present application are explained:

[0045] Super capacitor refers to a symmetric capacitor, and the electrochemical energy storage mechanism of the positive and negative electrode materials is the same or similar. It has high energy density, large capacity, wide working temperature range and better service life; compared with secondary batteries, it has high power density and long cycle life, and is pollution-free to the environment. Due to its excellent energy density, power density and cycle service life, supercapacitors are widely used in electronic toys, information products, household appliances, power tools, electric vehicles, weapons and equipment, aerospace, and power storage.

[0046] Hybrid supercapacitor refers to a non-symmetric capacitor. One pole of the hybrid supercapacitor uses a double-layer capacitor electrode (supercapacitor) to store energy, and the other pole uses a traditional battery electrode (lithium battery) and stores and converts energy through electrochemical reaction. The battery electrode has high energy density, and the combination of the two different electrodes will produce higher working voltage, so the energy density of the hybrid supercapacitor is much higher than that of the double-layer capacitor (supercapacitor).

[0047] The integrated controller (Battery Management System, BMS), also known as battery management system, can monitor the state of the battery, control the charging and discharging of the battery, thereby improving the utilization rate of the battery, preventing overcharging and overdischarging of the battery, and prolonging the service life of the battery.

[0048] Thermistor is a sensor resistor whose resistance value changes with temperature. According to different temperature coefficients, it is divided into positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC thermistor) and negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC thermistor). The resistance value of positive temperature coefficient thermistor increases with the increase of temperature, and the resistance value of negative temperature coefficient thermistor decreases with the increase of temperature. They belong to the same semiconductor device.

[0049] Shunt is an instrument for measuring direct current, which is made according to the principle that direct current generates voltage at both ends of the resistor when passing through the resistor.

[0050] Comparator is a circuit or device that can compare two or more data items to determine whether they are equal or determine their size relationship and arrangement order. Comparator is a circuit that compares an analog voltage signal with a reference voltage. The two inputs of the comparator are analog signals, and the output is a binary signal 0 or 1. When the difference between the input voltages increases or decreases and the positive and negative signs remain unchanged, the output remains constant.

[0051] DC-to-DC converter, also known as DC-DC converter, is a circuit or electromechanical device for converting electrical energy, which can convert DC power into DC power of different voltage (or approximately DC). Its power range can be from very small (small battery) to very large (high voltage power conversion).

[0052] In order to meet the functional safety level ASIL D requirement of power supply system, the vehicle low-voltage power supply system needs to design the power supply system redundantly, that is, to use the main power supply circuit and backup power supply circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load on the vehicle. In order to avoid common cause failure, the power supplies of the two circuits cannot use the same energy storage device (such as double lithium battery and double lead-acid battery), and the power supply in each power supply circuit should consider reliability, safety, weight, cost, energy / power size, life and other factors at the same time.

[0053] In the related art, the power supply in the low-voltage power supply system of a vehicle is usually selected from a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, or a super capacitor and the like. However, the lead-acid battery has the disadvantages of poor low-temperature performance, short service life, heavy weight, large size, and lead pollution, the lithium battery has the disadvantages of short service life, heavy weight, and small power, and the super capacitor has small energy and cannot meet many applicable scenarios of the vehicle. The above-mentioned energy storage devices cannot meet the requirements of functional safety levels on the power supply in the low-voltage power supply system of the vehicle.

[0054] Based on the above technical problems, the concept of the present application is to provide a hybrid super capacitor that can meet the requirements of functional safety levels on the power supply in the low-voltage power supply system of a vehicle.

[0055] The embodiments of the present application provide a hybrid super capacitor, a low-voltage power supply system, and a vehicle. The hybrid super capacitor includes a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS. The capacitor module including a plurality of hybrid super capacitor cells connected in series can ensure the energy and power of the hybrid super capacitor and has the advantages of long service life and lightweight. The BMS can protect the hybrid super capacitor from charging and discharging, ensure the reliability and safety of the hybrid super capacitor, and make the hybrid super capacitor meet the requirements of functional safety levels ASIL D on the power supply in the low-voltage power supply system of the vehicle.

[0056] The technical solutions of the present application and how the technical solutions of the present application solve the above technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes can not be described in detail in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] Figure 1 The structure of the hybrid super capacitor of an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the hybrid super capacitor can include a capacitor module 101 and an integrated controller BMS 102.

[0058] The capacitor module 101 can include a plurality of hybrid super capacitor cells 103 connected in series.

[0059] The BMS 102 can be connected to the output end of the capacitor module 101, used to collect current information, voltage information, and temperature information of the capacitor module 101, and protect the hybrid super capacitor from charging and discharging according to the current information, voltage information, and temperature information.

[0060] In the present embodiment, the specific type of the hybrid super capacitor cell 103 can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art, as long as it is a non-symmetrical capacitor cell with one pole being a super capacitor and the other pole being a lithium battery.

[0061] In the embodiment, the number of the hybrid supercapacitor cells 103 can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the working voltage of the capacitor cells, and is not limited herein.

[0062] For example, the capacitor module 101 can include 4 hybrid supercapacitor cells 103 connected in series, the internal resistance can be controlled within 10 mΩ, the capacity can be maintained above 85%, and the low-temperature performance is excellent at -40°C; and the weight can be controlled below 2.5 kg, which has a great weight reduction effect compared with the weight of more than 12 kg of a lead-acid battery.

[0063] The maximum voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor cell 103 is 4.2 V; the maximum voltage of the capacitor module 101 is 16.8 V, and the maximum working voltage of the load is 16 V; and the maximum charging voltage of the capacitor module 101 is 15.5 V. In order to reduce the current while avoiding overvoltage and considering the service life of the hybrid supercapacitor, the maximum charging voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor at normal temperature and below is set to 15.5 V, and the voltage gradually decreases above normal temperature; when the maximum working temperature is 65°C, the maximum charging voltage is ≤14.8 V.

[0064] In the embodiment, the BMS 102 can collect the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module 101, use the voltage information of the capacitor module 101 to protect the hybrid supercapacitor from discharging, use the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module 101 to protect the hybrid supercapacitor from charging, and has active or passive equalization function, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0065] In the embodiment, the hybrid supercapacitor includes a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS. The capacitor module including a plurality of hybrid supercapacitor cells connected in series can ensure the energy and power of the hybrid supercapacitor, and has advantages of long service life, lightweight, etc. The BMS can be connected with the output end of the capacitor module, can protect the hybrid supercapacitor from charging and discharging according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module, ensure the reliability and safety of the hybrid supercapacitor, and make the hybrid supercapacitor meet the requirements of functional safety level ASIL D for power supply in a vehicle low-voltage power supply system.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the BMS 102 can include a system base chip SBC and a micro control unit MCU, the SBC and the MCU are respectively connected with the output end of the capacitor module 101, and the SBC and the MCU are in communication connection.

[0067] The SBC can be used to collect the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module 101, and send the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module 101 to the MCU.

[0068] MCU, which can be used to charge and discharge protection of the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module 101.

[0069] In this embodiment, the MCU can directly or indirectly obtain all information of the capacitor module 101, so as to charge and discharge protection of the hybrid super capacitor according to all information of the capacitor module 101.

[0070] In this embodiment, the SBC in the BMS can collect current information and voltage information of the capacitor module, and send the collected information to the MCU, so that the MCU charges and discharges the hybrid super capacitor according to the information of the capacitor module.

[0071] In one possible embodiment, the BMS can further include a thermistor 105; the thermistor 105 can be connected with the output end of the capacitor module 101, and the thermistor 105 can also be connected with the MCU.

[0072] The thermistor 105 can be used to collect temperature information of the capacitor module 101, and transmit the temperature information of the capacitor module 101 to the MCU.

[0073] The MCU can also be used to charge and discharge protection of the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module 101.

[0074] In this embodiment, the thermistor 105 can be a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, or a negative temperature coefficient thermistor NTC.

[0075] In this embodiment, the MCU can collect current information and voltage information according to the capacitor module 101 by using other components, or can obtain the current information and voltage information collected by the SBC.

[0076] In this embodiment, the thermistor can be connected with the output end of the capacitor module and the MCU respectively, so as to collect the temperature information of the capacitor module and transmit it to the MCU. The MCU can obtain the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module by directly collecting information, and obtaining the information collected by other components such as SBC, and charge and discharge protection of the hybrid super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module.

[0077] In one possible embodiment, the BMS can further include a shunt 104, which can be connected with the output end of the capacitor module 101, and the shunt 104 can also be connected with the SBC.

[0078] The shunt 104 can be used to collect current information of the capacitor module 101, and transmit the current information of the capacitor module to the SBC.

[0079] In the embodiment, the shunt 104 can also be connected with the MCU to deliver the current information of the capacitor module 101 to the MCU.

[0080] In the embodiment, the shunt can be connected with the output of the capacitor module and the SBC / MCU respectively, so as to collect the current information of the capacitor module and deliver it to the SBC / MCU.

[0081] In a possible embodiment, the SBC can include a communication unit, which is in communication connection with the MCU, and the communication unit can be used to:

[0082] acquire the capacitor module information stored in the MCU, and upload the capacitor module information through CAN or LIN, the capacitor module information including one or more of capacity information, internal resistance information, voltage information, current information, temperature information, and diagnostic information.

[0083] In the embodiment, the communication unit of the SBC can acquire all the capacitor module information stored in the MCU, and upload it through CAN or LIN, so as to enable the user to monitor the working state of the hybrid super capacitor in real time.

[0084] In a possible embodiment, the MCU can include a first comparator, a first input end of the first comparator being connected with the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, and a second input end of the first comparator being connected with a first voltage threshold.

[0085] The output end of the first comparator outputs a first control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage is not greater than the first voltage threshold, and the first control signal is used to instruct the MCU to output a low-voltage warning prompt information.

[0086] In the embodiment, the first voltage threshold can be set flexibly by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, for example, the first voltage threshold can be 13.4V, or other values, which are not limited herein.

[0087] In the embodiment, the first control signal can be a low-level signal or a high-level signal.

[0088] In the embodiment, the hybrid super capacitor will discharge when the high-voltage battery of the vehicle stops working, and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle. During this process, the hybrid super capacitor will continue to discharge regardless of whether the discharge voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold or not, and only low-voltage warning will be performed when the discharge voltage is not greater than the first voltage threshold.

[0089] In the embodiment, when the MCU detects that the high-voltage battery of the vehicle stops working, the MCU controls the hybrid supercapacitor to discharge, and monitors the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor in real time during the discharging process. The first comparator in the MCU can compare the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor with the first voltage threshold, and output a first control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage is not greater than the first voltage threshold, so as to perform low-voltage warning.

[0090] In a possible implementation, the MCU can further include a second comparator, a first input end of the second comparator can be connected to the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor, a second input end of the second comparator can be connected to a second voltage threshold, the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold; and an output end of the second comparator outputs a second control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor is not greater than the second voltage threshold, and the second control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0091] In the embodiment, the second voltage threshold can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, as long as it is less than the first voltage threshold, and the present disclosure does not make any limitation in this regard.

[0092] In the embodiment, the second control signal can be a low-level signal or a high-level signal.

[0093] In the embodiment, if it is detected that the hybrid supercapacitor continues to discharge when the discharge voltage is less than the first voltage threshold, the MCU can start intelligent power compensation when the discharge voltage is low to a certain extent. Specifically, the second comparator in the MCU can compare the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor with the second voltage threshold, and output a second control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage is not greater than the second voltage threshold, so as to control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0094] Alternatively, the first input end of the second comparator can also be connected to a current state of charge value of the hybrid supercapacitor, the second input end of the second comparator can also be connected to a first state of charge threshold; and the output end of the second comparator outputs a second control signal when it is determined that the current state of charge value of the hybrid supercapacitor is not greater than the first state of charge threshold, and the second control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0095] In the embodiment, the first state of charge threshold can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, for example, the first state of charge threshold can be 30%, or other numerical values, and the present disclosure does not make any limitation in this regard.

[0096] In this embodiment, the MCU can collect the state of charge (SOC) value of the hybrid supercapacitor in real time and connect the current SOC value of the hybrid supercapacitor to the first input terminal of the second comparator.

[0097] In this embodiment, the second control signal can be a low-level signal or a high-level signal.

[0098] In this embodiment, if the hybrid supercapacitor continues to discharge when the discharge voltage is less than the first voltage threshold, the MCU can initiate intelligent charging when the state of charge value of the hybrid supercapacitor drops to a certain level. Specifically, the second comparator in the MCU can compare the current state of charge value of the hybrid supercapacitor with the first state of charge threshold, and when it is determined that the current state of charge value is not greater than the first state of charge threshold, it outputs a second control signal to control the vehicle's high-voltage battery to charge the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0099] In one possible implementation, the MCU may further include a third comparator. The first input of the third comparator may be connected to the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor, and the second input of the third comparator may be connected to a third voltage threshold, which is less than the second voltage threshold. When the output of the third comparator determines that the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor is not greater than the third voltage threshold, it outputs a third control signal. The third control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the hybrid supercapacitor to stop discharging.

[0100] In this embodiment, the third voltage threshold can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, as long as it is less than the second voltage threshold, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0101] In this embodiment, the third control signal can be a low-level signal or a high-level signal.

[0102] In this embodiment, if the intelligent charging function of the high-voltage battery fails, a minimum power protection can be set to disconnect the MOS / relay of the hybrid supercapacitor, reserving power to meet the next vehicle start-up. When the vehicle is needed, the MOS / relay can be closed again through an external mechanical switch to start the generator or DC-DC converter and charge the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0103] In this embodiment, if the hybrid supercapacitor continues to discharge even when the discharge voltage is lower than the second voltage threshold, it is determined that the high-voltage battery intelligent charging has failed. At this time, the MCU can control the hybrid supercapacitor to stop discharging, reserving a certain amount of power for the vehicle's next start. Specifically, the third comparator in the MCU can compare the discharge voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor with the third voltage threshold, and when it is determined that the discharge voltage is not greater than the third voltage threshold, it outputs a third control signal to control the hybrid supercapacitor to stop discharging.

[0104] Alternatively, the first input end of the third comparator can also be connected to the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor, and the second input end of the third comparator can also be connected to a second state of charge threshold value, which is less than the first state of charge threshold value; the output end of the third comparator outputs a third control signal when it is determined that the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the second state of charge threshold value, and the third control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging.

[0105] In the embodiment, the second state of charge threshold value can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, as long as it is less than the first state of charge threshold value, and no limitation is made herein.

[0106] In the embodiment, the third control signal can be a low-level signal or a high-level signal.

[0107] In the embodiment, if the intelligent power compensation function of the high-voltage battery fails, the minimum power protection can be set, the MOS / relay of the hybrid super capacitor is disconnected, and the reserved power meets the next vehicle start. When the vehicle is needed, the MOS / relay can be closed again through the mechanical switch outside the vehicle to start the generator or DCDC to charge the hybrid super capacitor.

[0108] In the embodiment, if it is detected that the hybrid super capacitor continues to discharge when the current state of charge value is less than the first state of charge threshold value, it is determined that the intelligent power compensation of the high-voltage battery fails, and at this time the MCU can control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging to reserve a certain amount of power for the next start of the vehicle. Specifically, the third comparator in the MCU can compare the size relationship between the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor and the second state of charge threshold value, and output a third control signal when it is determined that the current state of charge value is not greater than the second state of charge threshold value, to control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging.

[0109] In one possible embodiment, when it is detected that the high-voltage battery of the vehicle is working, the MCU can also be used to:

[0110] obtain the current temperature of the capacitor module; determine the maximum charging current and the maximum charging voltage corresponding to the current temperature according to a preset conventional charging logic;

[0111] adjust the charging current of the capacitor module to the maximum charging current, and control the high-voltage battery to perform constant-current charging on the hybrid super capacitor according to the maximum charging current, so as to dynamically adjust the voltage of the hybrid super capacitor to the maximum charging voltage.

[0112] The conventional charging logic includes the maximum charging current and the maximum charging voltage corresponding to each temperature.

[0113] In the embodiment, when the high-voltage battery of the vehicle is working, the high-voltage battery can always charge the hybrid supercapacitor.

[0114] In the embodiment, in order to improve the voltage reduction current, avoid overvoltage, and take into account the service life of the hybrid supercapacitor, the maximum charging voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor at room temperature and below is set to 15.5 V, and the voltage gradually decreases at temperatures above room temperature; when the maximum working temperature is 65℃, the maximum charging voltage is ≤14.8V.

[0115] In the embodiment, in order to ensure voltage stability, the dynamic adjustment step of the charging voltage is ≤0.125V / s.

[0116] In the embodiment, when the hybrid supercapacitor is charging, it can be charged according to the conventional charging logic to ensure the safety and stability of the charging area.

[0117] In one possible embodiment, when the hybrid supercapacitor is detected to have a usable fault, the MCU can also be used to:

[0118] Obtain the ambient temperature; determine the limit charging voltage corresponding to the ambient temperature according to the preset limit voltage charging logic; and limit the charging voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor according to the limit charging voltage.

[0119] The limit voltage charging logic includes a limit charging voltage corresponding to each temperature, and for the same temperature, the limit charging voltage corresponding to the temperature is less than the maximum charging voltage corresponding to the temperature.

[0120] In the embodiment, the limit charging voltage corresponding to each temperature can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, as long as the limit charging voltage is less than the maximum charging voltage corresponding to the temperature, and no limitation is made here.

[0121] In the embodiment, since the hybrid supercapacitor charging at low temperature basically does not cause high-temperature failure, the limit charging voltage at low temperature less than or equal to 0℃ can be equal to the maximum charging voltage at the temperature, and the limit charging voltage at high temperature greater than 0℃ can be greater than the maximum charging voltage at the temperature.

[0122] In the embodiment, the usable fault can be a fault of the hybrid supercapacitor, but does not affect its use, such as a hardware fault, a thermistor fault, etc.

[0123] In the embodiment, if the hybrid supercapacitor has a usable fault, the temperature information of the hybrid supercapacitor can not be detected, at which time the limit charging voltage of the hybrid supercapacitor can be controlled according to the preset limit voltage charging logic to avoid high-temperature failure during charging.

[0124] In a possible implementation, when it is detected that the hybrid super capacitor is malfunctioning and the ambient temperature acquisition is malfunctioning, the MCU can also be configured to:

[0125] The high-voltage battery is controlled to charge the hybrid super capacitor at a constant voltage according to the target voltage.

[0126] The target voltage is less than the minimum limit charging voltage in the voltage-limiting charging logic.

[0127] In this embodiment, if the hybrid super capacitor is malfunctioning and the ambient temperature acquisition is malfunctioning, the hybrid super capacitor can be charged at a constant voltage, further avoiding high-temperature failure during charging.

[0128] For example, Table 1 below is a charging and discharging logic relationship table of the hybrid super capacitor:

[0129] Table 1

[0130]

[0131] In a possible implementation, when it is detected that the hybrid super capacitor participates in vehicle mechanical energy recovery, the MCU can also be configured to: adjust the charging voltage of the hybrid super capacitor according to the acceleration and deceleration state of the vehicle and the use voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, to further improve the safety and stability of the charging of the hybrid super capacitor.

[0132] The application process of the hybrid super capacitor will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0133] In a specific embodiment, the power supply in the low-voltage power supply system of a new energy vehicle is a hybrid super capacitor, and the hybrid super capacitor is connected to a high-voltage battery through a DC-DC converter.

[0134] The hybrid super capacitor includes a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS. The capacitor module includes four hybrid super capacitor monomers connected in series, and the maximum voltage of the hybrid super capacitor monomer is 4.2 V. The maximum voltage of the capacitor module is 16.8 V, and the maximum working voltage of the load is 16 V.

[0135] The BMS includes a system base chip SBC, a micro control unit MCU, a shunt, and a thermistor. One end of the shunt is connected to the output end of the capacitor module, and the other end of the shunt is connected to the SBC. The shunt can acquire current information of the capacitor module and transmit the current information of the capacitor module to the SBC. One end of the thermistor is connected to the output end of the capacitor module, and the other end of the thermistor is connected to the MCU. The thermistor can acquire temperature information of the capacitor module and transmit the temperature information of the capacitor module to the MCU.

[0136] The SBC is in communication connection with the MCU, the SBC can collect the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module, and send the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module to the MCU, and can also obtain the capacitor module information stored by the MCU, and upload the capacitor module information through CAN or LIN communication.

[0137] The MCU can collect the capacitor module information, and perform charge and discharge protection on the hybrid super capacitor according to the capacitor module information.

[0138] When it is detected that the high-voltage battery of the vehicle is working, the MCU can control the high-voltage battery to perform constant-current charging on the hybrid super capacitor according to the maximum charging current corresponding to the current temperature of the capacitor module, so as to dynamically adjust the voltage of the hybrid super capacitor to the maximum charging voltage.

[0139] When it is detected that the hybrid super capacitor has a usable fault, the MCU can also control the charging voltage of the hybrid super capacitor according to the limit charging voltage corresponding to the environmental temperature.

[0140] When it is detected that the hybrid super capacitor has a fault and the environmental temperature acquisition fails, the MCU can also control the high-voltage battery to perform constant-voltage charging on the hybrid super capacitor according to the target voltage.

[0141] When it is detected that the hybrid super capacitor participates in mechanical energy recovery of the vehicle, the MCU can also adjust the charging voltage of the hybrid super capacitor according to the acceleration and deceleration state of the vehicle and the use voltage of the hybrid super capacitor.

[0142] When it is detected that the high-voltage battery of the vehicle stops working, the MCU can control the hybrid super capacitor to discharge, and when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than a first voltage threshold, output a first control signal to perform low-voltage warning.

[0143] When it is detected that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than a second voltage threshold, the MCU can also control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid super capacitor.

[0144] When it is detected that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than a third voltage threshold, the MCU can also control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging.

[0145] The hybrid super capacitor and its perfect charge and discharge control logic have the following advantages as a power supply of a low-voltage power supply system of a vehicle:

[0146] 1. The hybrid super capacitor has good low-temperature performance, and the performance capacity decreases little at-40℃, and has good low-temperature charge and discharge performance.

[0147] 2. The hybrid super capacitor internal integrated controller (BMS) can realize its own life and state diagnosis, timely fault handling and alarm, and can greatly improve the reliability and safety of power supply with the energy management system.

[0148] 3. The hybrid super capacitor has a long service life and is maintenance-free throughout its life, with a cycle life of more than 50,000 times, which can cover the service life of the whole vehicle.

[0149] 4. The hybrid super capacitor is light in weight, and under the same function, the super capacitor can realize weight reduction of more than 60%.

[0150] 5. The hybrid super capacitor has intelligent charge / discharge control logic and alarm logic to avoid single cell overcharge / overdischarge and false alarm.

[0151] 6. The voltage and state of charge SOC of the hybrid super capacitor change linearly, and its SOC and state of health SOH logic is simple.

[0152] 7. The hybrid super capacitor has little damage to the environment in production, use and post-processing.

[0153] Figure 2 For the structure of the low-voltage power supply system of an embodiment of the application, as shown in Figure 2 , the low-voltage power supply system includes a first low-voltage power supply circuit and a second low-voltage power supply circuit. The first low-voltage power supply circuit includes a main DC-DC converter 201 and a low-voltage lithium battery 202 connected to the main DC-DC converter 201, and the main DC-DC converter 201 is further connected to a high-voltage battery 204 of a vehicle through a switching circuit 203; the second low-voltage power supply circuit includes a hybrid super capacitor 205 as shown in Figure 1 , and a backup DC-DC converter 206 connected to the hybrid super capacitor 205, and the backup DC-DC converter 206 is further connected to the high-voltage battery 204.

[0154] In this embodiment, the main circuit is composed of a main DC-DC converter and a low-voltage lithium battery, and the auxiliary circuit is composed of a backup DC-DC converter and a hybrid super capacitor as shown in Figure 1 ; the two circuits are independent and redundant of each other, meet the functional safety ASIL D requirements, and the low-voltage lithium battery and the hybrid super capacitor are two different chemical systems of energy storage devices, avoiding common cause failure.

[0155] An embodiment of the application also provides a vehicle including a low-voltage power supply system as shown in Figure 2 .

[0156] In the above embodiments, the description of each of the embodiments focuses on different aspects. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments. Each of the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description simple, each of the technical features in the above embodiments is not described in all possible combinations, however, as long as the combinations of these technical features do not exist contradictory, it should be considered that they are within the scope of the disclosure.

[0157] Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.

[0158] It should be understood that the application is not limited to the precise construction that has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid supercapacitor, characterized by, The application relates to a capacitor module and an integrated controller BMS. The capacitor module comprises a plurality of mixed super capacitor cells connected in series. The BMS is connected with the output end of the capacitor module, is used for collecting current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module, and performs charging and discharging protection on the mixed super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information. The BMS comprises a system base chip SBC and a micro control unit MCU, the SBC and the MCU are respectively connected with the output end of the capacitor module, and the SBC and the MCU are in communication connection; 2. The hybrid supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein, The SBC is used for collecting current information and voltage information of the capacitor module, and sending the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module to the MCU; The MCU is used for performing charging and discharging protection on the mixed super capacitor according to the current information and voltage information of the capacitor module. The BMS further comprises a thermistor; 3. The hybrid ultracapacitor of claim 2, wherein, The thermistor is connected with the output end of the capacitor module, and the thermistor is further connected with the MCU; The thermistor is used for collecting temperature information of the capacitor module, and transmitting the temperature information of the capacitor module to the MCU; The MCU is further used for performing charging and discharging protection on the mixed super capacitor according to the current information, voltage information and temperature information of the capacitor module. The BMS further comprises a shunt, the shunt is connected with the output end of the capacitor module, and the shunt is further connected with the SBC; 4. The hybrid ultracapacitor of claim 2, wherein, The shunt is used for collecting current information of the capacitor module, and transmitting the current information of the capacitor module to the SBC. The SBC comprises a communication unit, the communication unit is in communication connection with the MCU, and the communication unit is used for:

5. The hybrid ultracapacitor of claim 3, wherein, obtaining capacitor module information stored in the MCU, and uploading the capacitor module information through CAN or LIN communication, wherein the capacitor module information comprises one or more of capacity information, internal resistance information, voltage information, current information, temperature information and diagnosis information. The MCU comprises a first comparator, a first input end of the first comparator is connected with the discharging voltage of the mixed super capacitor, and a second input end of the first comparator is connected with a first voltage threshold value; 6. The hybrid supercapacitor according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein, When it is determined that the discharging voltage is not greater than the first voltage threshold value, the output end of the first comparator outputs a first control signal, and the first control signal is used for instructing the MCU to output low-voltage alarm prompt information. The MCU further comprises a second comparator; 7. The hybrid ultracapacitor of claim 6, wherein, A first input end of the second comparator is connected with the discharging voltage of the mixed super capacitor, a second input end of the second comparator is connected with a second voltage threshold value, the second voltage threshold value is smaller than the first voltage threshold value, and the output end of the second comparator outputs a second control signal when it is determined that the discharging voltage of the mixed super capacitor is not greater than the second voltage threshold value, and the second control signal is used for instructing the MCU to control the high-voltage battery of a vehicle to charge the mixed super capacitor. Or, ​ The first input end of the second comparator is connected with the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor, and the second input end of the second comparator is connected with a first state of charge threshold value; the output end of the second comparator outputs a second control signal when it is determined that the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the first state of charge threshold value, and the second control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the high-voltage battery of the vehicle to charge the hybrid super capacitor.

8. The hybrid ultracapacitor of claim 7, wherein, The MCU further comprises a third comparator. The first input end of the third comparator is connected with the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor, and the second input end of the third comparator is connected with a third voltage threshold value, which is less than the second voltage threshold value; the output end of the third comparator outputs a third control signal when it is determined that the discharge voltage of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the third voltage threshold value, and the third control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging. Alternatively, The first input end of the third comparator is connected with the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor, and the second input end of the third comparator is connected with a second state of charge threshold value, which is less than the first state of charge threshold value; the output end of the third comparator outputs a third control signal when it is determined that the current state of charge value of the hybrid super capacitor is not greater than the second state of charge threshold value, and the third control signal is used to instruct the MCU to control the hybrid super capacitor to stop discharging.

9. A low voltage power supply system, characterized by It comprises: a first low-voltage power supply circuit and a second low-voltage power supply circuit; The first low-voltage power supply circuit comprises a main DC-DC converter and a low-voltage lithium battery connected with the main DC-DC converter, and the main DC-DC converter is further connected with a high-voltage battery of a vehicle through a switching circuit; The second low-voltage power supply circuit comprises the hybrid super capacitor according to any one of claims 1-8 and a backup DC-DC converter connected with the hybrid super capacitor, and the backup DC-DC converter is further connected with the high-voltage battery.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: It comprises: The low-voltage power supply system according to claim 9.

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