Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The utility model is applicable to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and provides a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic module comprises a first light-transmitting substrate, a battery string and a second light-transmitting substrate which are sequentially arranged along the light incident direction, a first area containing a photosensitive material is arranged in the plane of the photovoltaic module, and a second area containing a photosensitive material is arranged in the plane of the second light-transmitting substrate. At least part of the first area is a light-transmitting area, and the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting area to the plane area of the photovoltaic module is larger than 30%. According to the invention, the light transmission area containing the photosensitive material is arranged and the coverage area proportion of the light transmission area is controlled, and the light intensity response characteristic of the photosensitive material is utilized to realize the dynamic adjustment of the light transmittance, so that the photovoltaic module can automatically adjust the light transmittance according to the outdoor light intensity change, thereby improving the indoor lighting comfort and improving the user experience.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to photovoltaic module technical field especially relates to a photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the new energy application field, photovoltaic modules as the core device of converting solar energy into electric energy have been widely used in photovoltaic power stations, distributed photovoltaic systems and sunlight rooms, building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and other scenes. Among them, in the application scenarios such as sunlight room and photovoltaic curtain wall that have the demand for light transmission, photovoltaic modules need to meet the power generation function and the light transmission function at the same time, so as to take into account the energy utilization and the indoor lighting demand, and therefore the photovoltaic module with light transmission characteristics becomes the key product in such scenarios.

[0003] In the prior art, the light transmission ratio of the photovoltaic module is usually set in advance according to the average light conditions of the target application scenario. For example, for the sunlight room application in temperate regions, the light transmission ratio of the photovoltaic module is fixed between 20%-40% to ensure a certain power generation efficiency while providing basic lighting for the indoor; in the specific implementation process, the light transmission ratio is realized by fixing the arrangement spacing of the cell string, the light transmission rate of the light transmission substrate or the light transmission performance of the translucent cell piece, and once the module production is completed, the light transmission ratio cannot be changed and always remains at the preset fixed value.

[0004] However, this "fixed light transmission ratio" design in the prior art has obvious defects, that is, it cannot adaptively adjust the light transmission rate according to the change of outdoor light intensity, it is difficult to provide comfortable lighting and temperature environment for the indoor under different light intensity conditions, and thus it cannot meet the dynamic use demand of the scene. Especially in the regions or seasons with large changes in light intensity, the design of fixed light transmission ratio often leads to insufficient or excessive indoor lighting, affecting the use comfort. In addition, there is a lack of photovoltaic modules capable of automatically adjusting the light transmission characteristics according to the light conditions in the prior art, which limits the popularization and use of photovoltaic modules in high-end application scenarios such as intelligent buildings. SUMMARY

[0005] The photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic system provided by the utility model embodiment aim to solve the technical problem that the existing photovoltaic module cannot adaptively adjust the light transmission rate.

[0006] The utility model embodiment is realized as follows: a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module includes first light transmission substrate, cell string and second light transmission substrate which are sequentially arranged along the light incident direction, the photovoltaic module is provided with first area containing photosensitive material in the plane, the first area is at least partially light transmission area, and the ratio of the coverage area of the light transmission area to the plane area of the photovoltaic module is greater than 30%.

[0007] Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises a covering area provided with the cell string.

[0008] Further, the light transmittance of the first area is linearly related to the light intensity.

[0009] Further, the light transmittance of the first area is negatively related to the light intensity.

[0010] Further, the photosensitive material contained in the first area comprises at least one of metal halide capable of adjusting light transmittance according to light intensity or at least one of metal oxide capable of adjusting light transmittance according to light intensity.

[0011] Further, the metal halide comprises at least one of silver halide, copper bromide, nickel phosphate film, Ce-doped calcium fluoride, tris(2-fluorophenyl)ethylamine hexachlorodiantimony(III) dichloride, bismuth silver cesium bromide perovskite, and the metal oxide comprises at least one of copper oxide, vanadium oxide, cerium oxide, cuprous oxide-copper oxide, magnetite, tungsten oxide.

[0012] Further, at least one of the metal halide and the metal oxide contained in the photosensitive material comprises a crystal particle, and a size of the crystal particle is 50nm-3μm.

[0013] Further, the photosensitive material contained in the first area comprises at least one of silver halide and copper oxide, the silver halide is a silver halide crystal particle, the copper oxide is a copper oxide crystal particle, and a size of at least one of the silver halide crystal particle and the copper oxide crystal particle is 100nm-1μm.

[0014] Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises a first adhesive film and a second adhesive film, the first adhesive film is arranged between the first light-transmitting substrate and the cell string, and the second adhesive film is arranged between the second light-transmitting substrate and the cell string.

[0015] Further, the photosensitive material is arranged in the first adhesive film and in a region corresponding to the first area.

[0016] Further, the photosensitive material is arranged in the second adhesive film and in a region corresponding to the first area.

[0017] Further, the photovoltaic module comprises a first light-transmitting layer composed of the photosensitive material, and the first light-transmitting layer is arranged between the second adhesive film and the second light-transmitting substrate.

[0018] Further, the photovoltaic module comprises a first light-transmitting layer composed of the light-sensitive material, which is arranged on the side of the first light-transmitting substrate away from the cell string.

[0019] Further, the first light-transmitting layer at least partially corresponds to the first region.

[0020] Further, the photovoltaic module comprises a second light-transmitting layer composed of the light-sensitive material, which is arranged on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate away from the second adhesive film.

[0021] Further, the second light-transmitting layer at least partially corresponds to the first region.

[0022] Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises a second region arranged on the periphery of the light-transmitting region, which contains the light-sensitive material.

[0023] Further, the light-sensitive material contained in the second region comprises at least one of metal halide and metal oxide.

[0024] Further, the cell string comprises a plurality of cell pieces, the second region at least partially extends to the projection coverage area of the back surface of the cell piece, and the area of the second region extending to the projection coverage area of the back surface of the cell piece is less than 1 / 3 of the sum of the areas of all the cell pieces in the photovoltaic module.

[0025] Further, the ratio of the sum of the coverage areas of the first region and the second region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module is greater than 30%.

[0026] Further, the ratio of the sum of the coverage areas of the first region and the second region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module is greater than 50%.

[0027] Further, the photovoltaic module comprises a third light-transmitting layer, the projection area of the third light-transmitting layer on the plane of the photovoltaic module is a third region, the third region is composed of the first region and the second region, and the first region and the second region both contain the light-sensitive material.

[0028] Further, the third light-transmitting layer is arranged between the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film, and the third light-transmitting layer at least partially extends and covers the surface of the cell piece close to the second light-transmitting substrate.

[0029] Further, the third light-transmitting layer is arranged between the second adhesive film and the second light-transmitting substrate.

[0030] Further, the third light-transmitting layer is arranged on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate away from the second adhesive film.

[0031] Further, the third light-transmitting layer is arranged between the second adhesive film and the first light-transmitting substrate.

[0032] Further, the third light-transmitting layer extends along the arrangement direction of the fine grid lines on the battery piece, and the length of the extension is less than 80 mm.

[0033] Further, the photovoltaic module comprises a third light-transmitting layer, a projection area of the third light-transmitting layer on the plane of the photovoltaic module is a third area, the third area, the first area and the second area all contain the photosensitive material, and the third light-transmitting layer is arranged on the side of the first light-transmitting substrate away from the battery string.

[0034] Further, the battery string comprises a plurality of battery pieces, the spacing between two adjacent battery pieces is less than 30 cm, and the light-transmitting area is formed by the spacing area of the adjacent battery pieces and the area of the edge of the photovoltaic module that is not covered by the battery pieces.

[0035] A photovoltaic system comprises the photovoltaic module according to any one of the above.

[0036] The photovoltaic module can automatically adjust the light transmittance according to the outdoor light intensity change, so as to improve the indoor lighting comfort and the user experience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a plane schematic view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0038] Figure 2 is an exploded plane schematic view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0039] Figure 3 is still another exploded plane schematic view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0040] Figure 4 is an exploded plane schematic view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 5 is still another exploded plane schematic view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0042] Figure 6 is an exploded plane schematic view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0043] Figure 7 is another exploded plan view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 is an exploded plan view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 9 is another exploded plan view of the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0047] The design of the fixed light transmittance ratio in the prior art has obvious defects, i.e. it cannot adaptively adjust the light transmittance according to the change of outdoor light intensity, it is difficult to provide comfortable light and temperature environment for indoor under different light intensity conditions, and thus it cannot meet the dynamic use requirement of the scene. Especially in the area or season where the light intensity changes greatly, the design of the fixed light transmittance ratio often leads to insufficient or excessive indoor lighting, which affects the use comfort. In addition, the photovoltaic module capable of automatically adjusting the light transmittance according to the light condition is lacked in the prior art, which limits the popularization and use of the photovoltaic module in the high-end application scene such as intelligent building. The present application sets the light transmittance area containing the light-sensitive material and controls the coverage area ratio, uses the light intensity response characteristics of the light-sensitive material to realize the dynamic adjustment of the light transmittance, so that the photovoltaic module can automatically adjust the light transmittance according to the change of outdoor light intensity, thereby improving the indoor lighting comfort and improving the user experience.

[0048] Embodiment one

[0049] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 The embodiment of the present application is achieved as follows: a photovoltaic module 100 includes a first light transmittance substrate 10, a cell string 30 and a second light transmittance substrate 50 arranged in sequence along the light incident direction, the photovoltaic module 100 is provided with a first area 701 containing a light-sensitive material in the plane, the first area 701 is at least partially a light transmittance area, and the ratio of the coverage area of the light transmittance area to the plane area of the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 30%.

[0050] In the embodiment, the first light-transmitting substrate 10 and the second light-transmitting substrate 50 refer to support structures allowing light to penetrate, which can be implemented by glass or high polymer materials, for protecting the internal battery string 30 and providing structural stability, and of course, in other embodiments, the first light-transmitting substrate 10 and the second light-transmitting substrate 50 can also be made of other materials, which can be designed according to actual conditions, and are not limited herein.

[0051] The battery string 30 refers to a power generation unit formed by a plurality of photovoltaic cell units in series, which can be implemented by a crystalline silicon or thin-film battery structure, for converting incident light energy into electrical energy.

[0052] The first area 701 refers to a specific area on the plane of the photovoltaic module 100 having a light-transmitting function, which can be implemented by locally arranging light-transmitting materials or adjusting the arrangement density of the battery string 30, for balancing the light-transmitting and power generation requirements.

[0053] The ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting area to the plane area of the photovoltaic module 100 refers to the proportion of the area of the light-transmitting area to the total area of the photovoltaic module 100, which can be implemented by adjusting the distribution range of the light-sensitive material, for ensuring the basic coverage of the light-transmitting function.

[0054] Specifically, the light-sensitive material refers to a substance having optical properties capable of changing the light-transmittance with the change of the light intensity of incident light, in the embodiment, the light-sensitive material is implemented by silver halide or copper oxide material, for dynamically adjusting the light-transmittance according to the light intensity, and it can be understood that in other embodiments, the light-sensitive material can be implemented by other materials, which can be selected according to actual conditions, and are not limited herein, as long as the light-sensitive material can change the light-transmittance with the change of the light intensity of incident light.

[0055] Further, when the light sequentially penetrates the first light-transmitting substrate 10, the battery string 30 and the second light-transmitting substrate 50, part of the light is absorbed by the battery string 30 and converted into electrical energy, and another part of the light penetrates the photovoltaic module 100 through the light-transmitting area of the first area 701, since the first area 701 contains the light-sensitive material, the light-sensitive material reduces the light-transmittance when the incident light intensity increases, reducing the light intensity entering the indoor, and increases the light-transmittance when the incident light intensity decreases, increasing the indoor lighting, so that the indoor can realize automatic dynamic uniform light-transmitting regardless of the incident light intensity, meeting the indoor lighting requirements, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0056] Specifically, the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 30%, which not only meets the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100, but also meets the sufficient indoor light. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module 100 can also be other values, which can be designed according to different situations, and is not limited here.

[0057] For example, in one embodiment, the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module 100 can be set to be greater than 20%;

[0058] For another example, in another embodiment, the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module 100 can be set to be greater than 18%;

[0059] For another example, in another embodiment, the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module 100 can be set to be greater than 18%;

[0060] For another example, in another embodiment, the ratio of the coverage area of the light-transmitting region to the planar area of the photovoltaic module 100 can be set to be greater than 35%.

[0061] In this way, the photovoltaic module 100 can automatically adjust the light transmission rate according to the outdoor light intensity, reduce light penetration to reduce indoor temperature in strong light conditions, and increase light transmission rate to improve lighting in weak light conditions, so as to dynamically balance the power generation efficiency and the indoor environmental comfort requirement, and improve the user experience.

[0062] Embodiment two

[0063] Further, the photovoltaic module 100 further comprises a coverage area provided with the cell string 30.

[0064] In this embodiment, the coverage area refers to the physical distribution range of the cell string 30 in the plane of the second light-transmitting substrate 50, which can be formed by laser etching, screen printing or mask deposition process, and is used to define the arrangement position and area ratio of the cell string 30 in the photovoltaic module 100.

[0065] Specifically, the coverage area defines the arrangement density and distribution form of the cell string 30, so that the light-transmitting region and the coverage area form a complementary relationship. When the light intensity is high, the cell string 30 in the coverage area can fully absorb light energy to generate electricity, and at the same time the light-transmitting region allows part of the light to penetrate to meet the indoor lighting demand; when the light intensity is low, the area ratio of the coverage area can be dynamically adjusted to change the actual light transmission amount of the light-transmitting region. The spatial arrangement relationship between the coverage area and the light-transmitting region is realized through the module packaging process, for example, fixing the position of the cell string 30 in the lamination process, so that the coverage area and the light-transmitting region form a stable area ratio relationship.

[0066] In this way, the user can customize the photovoltaic module 100 according to the geographical location of the house, for example, in areas with strong light for a long time, the light transmittance can be reduced by increasing the area of the covering area to avoid overheating indoors, and in areas with weak light for a long time, the light transmittance can be improved by reducing the area of the covering area to improve the lighting effect, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation and building lighting.

[0067] Embodiment Three

[0068] Further, the light transmittance of the first area 701 has a linear relationship with the light intensity.

[0069] In this embodiment, the linear relationship between the light transmittance and the light intensity means that the light transmittance changes proportionally with the change in incident light intensity, which can be achieved by the characteristics of the light absorption coefficient or the carrier concentration of the photosensitive material changing with the light intensity. For example, when the light intensity increases, the internal carrier concentration of the photosensitive material increases linearly, causing the material's absorption ability of light of a specific wavelength to increase synchronously, and the light transmittance decreases linearly.

[0070] Specifically, when the external light intensity changes, the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive material will dynamically adjust, for example, under strong light conditions at noon, the photosensitive material absorbs more light, and the light transmittance decreases to reduce the intensity of the light entering the room; under weak light conditions on cloudy days or in the evening, the material's absorption weakens, and the light transmittance increases to maintain the indoor lighting requirements. This linear relationship is achieved through the intrinsic photoelectric properties or doping regulation of the photosensitive material, and does not require external circuits or mechanical structures to complete the adaptive adjustment of the light transmittance, making the structure simpler and conducive to mass production of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0071] Embodiment Four

[0072] Further, the light transmittance of the first area 701 has a negative correlation with the light intensity.

[0073] That is to say, when the external light intensity increases, the photosensitive material absorbs photon energy and causes lattice distortion or electron transition, resulting in the formation of light scattering centers or carrier recombination layers inside the material, thereby reducing the amount of visible light that can penetrate; when the light intensity decreases, the material structure returns to the initial state, and the light transmittance increases accordingly. The whole process is automatically triggered by the change in light intensity, and does not require external control devices to achieve dynamic adjustment of the optical properties of the light transmittance area.

[0074] By implementing the settings of example three and example four, the problem of indoor light environment fluctuation caused by the fixed light transmittance of the existing photovoltaic module 100 is effectively solved. The photovoltaic module 100 in the embodiment can automatically adjust the light transmittance under different light intensity conditions, so that the indoor light intensity remains relatively stable. At the same time, the contradiction between power generation efficiency and lighting demand caused by the fixed light transmittance is avoided. The structure is simple, easy to implement, and improves the user experience.

[0075] Example five

[0076] Further, the photosensitive material contained in the first area 701 includes at least one of a metal halide having a light transmittance adjustable according to light intensity or at least one of a metal oxide having a light transmittance adjustable according to light intensity.

[0077] In the embodiment, the metal halide having a light transmittance adjustable according to light intensity refers to a compound formed by combining a metal element with a halogen element to have a light transmittance adjustable according to light intensity. Specifically, at least one of silver halide, copper bromide, nickel phosphate film, and Ce-doped calcium fluoride can be used to achieve this. The photosensitive characteristic of the material can respond to changes in light intensity and change the internal structure of the material. The metal oxide having a light transmittance adjustable according to light intensity refers to a compound formed by combining a metal element with an oxygen element to have a light transmittance adjustable according to light intensity. Specifically, at least one of copper oxide, vanadium oxide, and tungsten oxide can be used to achieve this. The crystal particles of the material undergo electronic transition or phase change under light, thereby adjusting the light transmittance.

[0078] Specifically, the photosensitive material is dispersed in the light transmittance area. When the external light intensity increases, the photosensitive component in the metal halide or metal oxide absorbs photon energy and triggers physical or chemical changes. For example, silver halide crystal particles decompose into silver atoms and halogen atoms under light, causing the material to have a lower light transmittance. When the light intensity decreases, the material returns to its original structure, causing the light transmittance to increase. Through the dynamic response of the photosensitive material, the actual light transmittance of the light transmittance area can be automatically adjusted according to the environmental light intensity, thereby balancing the power generation efficiency and light transmittance demand of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0079] That is, through the dynamic response characteristics of the photosensitive material, the photovoltaic module 100 can automatically adjust the light transmittance according to the actual lighting conditions. In strong light, the amount of light transmittance is reduced to reduce indoor glare and heat load. In weak light, the amount of light transmittance is increased to maintain basic lighting, while maintaining stable power generation efficiency. The photovoltaic module 100 can meet different use requirements and improve user experience.

[0080] Example six

[0081] Furthermore, the metal halide includes at least one of silver halide, copper bromide nickel phosphate film, Ce-doped calcium fluoride, tris(2-fluorophenyl)ethylamine hexachloroantimony(III) dichloride, and bismuth silver cesium perovskite, and the metal oxide includes at least one of copper oxide, vanadium oxide, cerium oxide, cuprous oxide-copper oxide, iron tetroxide, and tungsten oxide.

[0082] The above examples merely illustrate which materials can be selected when the photosensitive material is a metal halide, and which materials can be selected when the photosensitive material is a metal oxide. In other embodiments, materials other than those mentioned above can also be used when the photosensitive material is a metal halide, or materials other than those mentioned above can also be used when the photosensitive material is a metal oxide, as long as the transmittance and light intensity are negatively correlated.

[0083] Preferably, in this embodiment, the photosensitive material is silver halide or copper oxide.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] Furthermore, the photosensitive material contained in the first region 701 includes at least one of metal halides and metal oxides as crystal particles, with the size of the crystal particles being 50 nm to 3 μm.

[0086] In this embodiment, crystal particles refer to solid microparticles with a regular lattice structure formed by metal halides or metal oxides. Specifically, they can be prepared by sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition method or mechanical grinding method. Their size range is achieved by controlling the reaction temperature, solution concentration or grinding time. By designing their size to be 50nm-3μm, it can be ensured that the particles are uniformly dispersed in the light-transmitting area, while avoiding the increased light scattering caused by the particles being too small or the decrease in light transmittance caused by the particles being too large.

[0087] Specifically, the metal halide or metal oxide in the photosensitive material is dispersed in the first region 701 in the form of crystal particles. When the incident light intensity changes, the light absorption characteristics of the crystal particles dynamically adjust with the light intensity, thereby changing the overall transmittance of the transparent region. The crystal particle size is controlled within the range of 50 nm to 3 μm, so that the particles can maintain transmittance in the visible light band and achieve photosensitive response through photoinduced carrier migration. For example, under strong light conditions, the carrier concentration inside the crystal particles increases, resulting in the formation of a polarization layer on the particle surface, which enhances the absorption capacity of incident light and thus reduces the transmittance; under weak light conditions, the carrier concentration decreases, the polarization effect weakens, and the transmittance increases accordingly.

[0088] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the size of the crystal particles can also be other values, which can be selected according to the actual situation and are not limited here.

[0089] For example, in one instance, the size of the crystal grains is 30 nm to 2.5 μm;

[0090] For example, in another instance, the size of the crystal grains is 60 nm to 3.2 μm;

[0091] For example, in yet another instance, the size of the crystal grains is 60 nm to 2.8 μm;

[0092] Example 8

[0093] Furthermore, the photosensitive material included in the first region 701 includes at least one of silver halide and copper oxide, wherein the silver halide is silver halide crystal particles and the copper oxide is copper oxide crystal particles, and the size of at least one of the silver halide crystal particles and copper oxide crystal particles is 100nm-1μm.

[0094] Specifically, silver halide crystal particles refer to inorganic crystalline materials with photosensitive properties formed by the combination of silver and halogen elements. They can be synthesized using chemical vapor deposition or solution methods, and their crystal structure can undergo reversible physical or chemical changes under light irradiation. Copper oxide crystal particles refer to metal oxide crystalline materials with photoresponsive properties composed of copper and oxygen elements. They can be prepared using sol-gel methods or high-temperature sintering methods, and their optical properties exhibit a dynamic response to changes in incident light intensity.

[0095] Furthermore, the size of the silver halide crystal particles and copper oxide crystal particles is controlled within the range of 100nm-1μm, which avoids excessive light scattering due to excessively large particles, thus affecting the power generation efficiency of the battery string 30, and also prevents insufficient light response speed due to excessively small particles.

[0096] Of course, in other embodiments, the sizes of the silver halide crystal particles and the copper oxide crystal particles can also be other values, which can be selected according to the actual situation and are not limited here.

[0097] For example, in one instance, the size of the silver halide crystal particles and the copper oxide crystal particles can be 80 nm to 1 μm;

[0098] For example, in another instance, the size of silver halide crystal particles and copper oxide crystal particles can be 80 nm to 1.5 μm;

[0099] For example, in yet another example, the size of the silver halide crystal particles and the copper oxide crystal particles can be 1μm-1.2μm;

[0100] Example 9

[0101] Please see Figures 2 to 4Furthermore, the photovoltaic module 100 also includes a first encapsulant film 20 and a second encapsulant film 40. The first encapsulant film 20 is disposed between the first light-transmitting substrate 10 and the battery string 30, and the second encapsulant film 40 is disposed between the second light-transmitting substrate 50 and the battery string 30.

[0102] Specifically, the first adhesive film 20 refers to the adhesive layer disposed between the first light-transmitting substrate 10 and the battery string 30. It can be implemented using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyolefin elastomer material. Its function is to bond the first light-transmitting substrate 10 and the battery string 30 while maintaining light transmittance.

[0103] The second adhesive film 40 refers to the adhesive layer disposed between the second light-transmitting substrate 50 and the battery string 30. Specifically, it can be made of the same or different materials as the first adhesive film 20. Its function is to bond the second light-transmitting substrate 50 and the battery string 30, and to ensure the sealing and mechanical stability of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0104] Furthermore, the first encapsulant film 20 and the second encapsulant film 40 are laminated with the first light-transmitting substrate 10, the battery string 30, and the second light-transmitting substrate 50 respectively through a lamination process to form a multi-layer encapsulation structure. The first encapsulant film 20 covers the front side of the battery string 30, and the second encapsulant film 40 covers the back side of the battery string 30. Together, they fix the battery string 30 between the two light-transmitting substrates, preventing the battery string 30 from shifting or being damaged inside the module. At the same time, the high light transmittance of the encapsulant films allows incident light to penetrate to the surface of the battery string 30, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0105] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first adhesive film 20 and the second adhesive film 40 can be controlled between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm. For example, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive film with a thickness of 0.5 mm is used, and a hot pressing process is used to achieve tight bonding with the first light-transmitting substrate 10, the second light-transmitting substrate 50 and the battery string 30.

[0106] In one possible embodiment, the surfaces of the first adhesive film 20 and the second adhesive film 40 may also be pre-coated with an anti-reflective coating to reduce the loss of light reflection.

[0107] This design effectively improves the structural reliability of the photovoltaic module 100, reduces the risk of microcracks in the battery string 30 due to vibration during transportation or use, and provides a compatible encapsulation basis for the dynamic adjustment function of the light-transmitting area, meeting the long-term stability requirements under complex application scenarios.

[0108] Example 10

[0109] Furthermore, the photosensitive material is disposed in the first adhesive film 20, and in the region of the first adhesive film 20 corresponding to the first region 701.

[0110] In this embodiment, the area corresponding to the first film 20 and the first region 701 refers to the part of the first film 20 that overlaps with the light-transmitting area in the plane of the photovoltaic module 100. Specifically, the selective distribution of photosensitive materials can be achieved through laser positioning or mask deposition process. Its function is to accurately configure the photosensitive materials in the area where the transmittance needs to be dynamically adjusted, so as to ensure the consistency between the change in transmittance and the light intensity response.

[0111] Specifically, the photosensitive material is embedded in the first adhesive film 20 in the form of crystal particles. When the photovoltaic module 100 is exposed to light, the photosensitive material changes its optical properties according to the incident light intensity. When the light intensity increases, the photosensitive material reduces the light transmittance through crystal structure phase change or carrier migration to reduce excessive light penetration. When the light intensity decreases, the material restores a high light transmittance state to maintain indoor lighting.

[0112] The photosensitive functional material is directly integrated into the first adhesive film 20 without the need for an additional adjustment layer, thus avoiding increasing the thickness of the component or affecting the encapsulation reliability of the battery string 30. The photosensitive material is only distributed in the first adhesive film 20 at the position corresponding to the light-transmitting area, and the original light-transmitting performance of the adhesive film is maintained in the non-light-transmitting area, ensuring that the area of ​​the battery string 30 is not affected by the changes in the optical properties of the photosensitive material.

[0113] With this configuration, the photosensitive material is oriented in the first adhesive film 20, which not only ensures the sensitivity of light transmission adjustment but also avoids the interference of the photosensitive material on the power generation efficiency of the battery string 30. The first adhesive film 20 simultaneously undertakes the dual functions of encapsulation and bonding as well as light transmission adjustment, reducing the structural complexity and production cost of the photovoltaic module 100 and facilitating the mass production of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0114] Example 11

[0115] Furthermore, the photosensitive material is disposed in the second adhesive film 40, and in the region of the second adhesive film 40 corresponding to the first region 701.

[0116] In this embodiment, the area corresponding to the first region 701 in the second adhesive film 40 refers to the part of the second adhesive film 40 that overlaps with the light-transmitting area in the plane of the photovoltaic module 100. Specifically, the selective distribution of photosensitive materials can be achieved through laser positioning or mask deposition process. Its function is to precisely configure the photosensitive materials in the area where the transmittance needs to be dynamically adjusted, so as to ensure the consistency between the change in transmittance and the light intensity response.

[0117] When incident light passes through the second transparent substrate 50, the photosensitive material in the second adhesive film 40 adjusts its transmittance according to the real-time light intensity:

[0118] Under strong light conditions, the second film 40, under the action of the photosensitive material, reduces the light transmittance to decrease the light intensity entering the room, while ensuring that more light energy is converted into electrical energy by the battery string 30. Under weak light conditions, the second film 40, under the action of the photosensitive material, increases the light transmittance to maintain the indoor lighting requirements. Since the photosensitive material is distributed in the second film 40, its position is closer to the back of the battery string 30, which can avoid the attenuation of light intensity signal by the front encapsulation layer and improve response sensitivity.

[0119] Example 12

[0120] Please see Figure 3 Furthermore, the photovoltaic module 100 includes a first light-transmitting layer 80 composed of a photosensitive material, the first light-transmitting layer 80 being disposed between the second adhesive film 40 and the second light-transmitting substrate 50.

[0121] In this embodiment, the first light-transmitting layer 80 refers to a thin film or coating with light-transmitting function made of photosensitive material. Specifically, it can be achieved by uniformly distributing the photosensitive material on the surface of the substrate using spin coating or vapor deposition. Its thickness can be controlled within the micrometer range, and its specific thickness can be set according to the actual situation, which is not limited here.

[0122] By setting the first light-transmitting layer 80, it is not necessary to mix the photosensitive material with the first adhesive film 20 or the second adhesive film 40 before use. The structure is simple and easy to implement. At the same time, it can also avoid the technical problem of functional loss after the first adhesive film 20 and the second adhesive film 40 are mixed with the photosensitive material.

[0123] Specifically, please refer to Figure 9 In another embodiment, the photovoltaic module 100 includes a first light-transmitting layer 80 composed of a photosensitive material, the first light-transmitting layer 80 being disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting substrate 10 away from the battery string 30.

[0124] In other words, in this embodiment, the first light-transmitting layer 80 is disposed on the light-receiving side of the first light-transmitting substrate 10. With this arrangement, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module 100 can be dynamically and adaptively adjusted. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0125] It is understood that the above is merely an example illustrating the placement of the first light-transmitting layer 80. In different embodiments, the first light-transmitting layer 80 can be placed in different positions, which can be designed according to the actual situation and are not limited here.

[0126] Example 13

[0127] Furthermore, the first light-transmitting layer 80 corresponds at least partially to the first region 701.

[0128] In this embodiment, the correspondence between the first light-transmitting layer 80 and the first region 701 at least partially means that the area where the photosensitive material is distributed in the first light-transmitting layer 80 and the light-transmitting area set in the plane of the photovoltaic module 100 are spatially matched. Specifically, this can be achieved by selectively depositing photosensitive material in a predetermined area through photolithography or laser etching processes. This correspondence ensures that the light transmission adjustment function is accurately applied to the target area.

[0129] With this configuration, when the external light intensity changes, the crystal particles of the photosensitive material in the first light-transmitting layer 80 undergo electronic transitions or phase changes, causing its transmittance to decrease linearly with the increase of light intensity. Since the distribution area of ​​the photosensitive material in the first light-transmitting layer 80 corresponds spatially to the light-transmitting area set in the plane of the photovoltaic module 100, the light-transmitting area can respond to changes in light intensity in a targeted manner, while maintaining the power generation efficiency of the area covered by the battery string 30 and dynamically adjusting the transmittance of the non-battery area.

[0130] For example, under strong midday sunlight, the light transmittance of the corresponding area of ​​the light-transmitting layer decreases, which can reduce excessive light entering the room; while under cloudy or rainy conditions with weak light, the light transmittance automatically increases to supplement indoor lighting.

[0131] Example 14

[0132] Please see Figure 4 Furthermore, the photovoltaic module 100 includes a second light-transmitting layer 90 composed of a photosensitive material, the second light-transmitting layer 90 being disposed on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate 50 away from the second adhesive film 40.

[0133] Specifically, the function and composition of the second light-transmitting layer 90 are the same as those of the first light-transmitting layer 80 described above. For details, please refer to Embodiment Twelve above, which will not be repeated here.

[0134] In this embodiment, the second light-transmitting layer 90 is disposed on the outer surface of the second light-transmitting substrate 50. When the intensity of external light changes, the crystal particles in the photosensitive material change their light-transmitting properties through photochemical reactions. Under strong light conditions, the light transmittance of the photosensitive material decreases to reduce glare and heat entering the room; under weak light conditions, the light transmittance of the material increases to increase natural lighting. The placement of the second light-transmitting layer 90 avoids interference with the second adhesive film 40 between the battery string 30, while direct exposure to the external environment can improve the light response sensitivity.

[0135] By independently setting the second light-transmitting layer 90, the power generation efficiency of the battery string 30 is not affected, while the internal structural layout of the photovoltaic module 100 is simplified, providing a more flexible optical control method for building-integrated photovoltaics.

[0136] Example 15

[0137] Furthermore, the second light-transmitting layer 90 corresponds at least partially to the first region 701.

[0138] The second light-transmitting layer 90 is disposed on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate 50 away from the second adhesive film 40. Its coverage area corresponds to the position of the first region 701 through pre-design or processing technology. When the external light intensity changes, the photosensitive material in the second light-transmitting layer 90 adjusts the light transmittance based on the light intensity change. For example, it reduces the light transmittance under strong light conditions to reduce the light entering the room, and increases the light transmittance under weak light conditions to increase light intake. Since the second light-transmitting layer 90 corresponds to the position of the first region 701, the effective range of the photosensitive material is precisely limited to the light-transmitting area, avoiding shading of the power generation area of ​​the battery string 30.

[0139] Example 16

[0140] Please see Figure 1 Furthermore, a second region 702 is provided in the plane of the photovoltaic module 100. The second region 702 is located around the light-transmitting region and contains photosensitive material.

[0141] The second region 702 refers to the continuous or discretely distributed functional regions located outside the light-transmitting region. Specifically, it can be achieved by coating or embedding photosensitive materials into the substrate, and its coverage area forms a complementary layout with the light-transmitting region.

[0142] Specifically, a second region 702 is set around the light-transmitting area. Through the photoresponse characteristics of the photosensitive material, the light transmittance of this region can be dynamically adjusted according to the external light intensity. When the ambient light intensity is high, the light transmittance of the photosensitive material in the second region 702 decreases due to the increased light intensity, reducing the total amount of light entering the module. When the ambient light is weak, the light transmittance of the photosensitive material increases, supplementing the light flux of the light-transmitting area. Through the synergistic effect between the second region 702 and the light-transmitting area, the dynamic adjustment of the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module 100% is achieved.

[0143] This design increases the overall area of ​​the light-transmitting zone without affecting the normal operation of the battery string 30. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0144] Example 17

[0145] Furthermore, the photosensitive material contained in the second region 702 includes at least one of metal halides and metal oxides.

[0146] In this embodiment, the photosensitive material in the second region 702 has the same characteristics as the photosensitive material in the first region 701. For details, please refer to the above description of the characteristics of the photosensitive material, which will not be repeated here.

[0147] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the photosensitive material of the first region 701 can be the same as the photosensitive material of the second region 702. In other embodiments, the photosensitive material of the first region 701 can be different from the photosensitive material of the second region 702. For example, the photosensitive material of the first region 701 can be a metal halide and the photosensitive material of the second region 702 can be a metal oxide, or the photosensitive material of the first region 701 can be a metal oxide and the photosensitive material of the second region 702 can be a metal halide. The specific choice can be made according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0148] Example 18

[0149] Furthermore, the battery string 30 includes a plurality of battery cells 60, and a second region 702 extends at least partially into the orthographic projection coverage area on the back side of the battery cells 60, wherein the area of ​​the second region 702 extending into the orthographic projection coverage area on the back side of the battery cells 60 is less than 1 / 3 of the sum of the areas of all battery cells 60 in the photovoltaic module 100.

[0150] The orthographic projection coverage area refers to the area corresponding to the back of the solar cell 60 within the plane projection range. Specifically, it can be achieved by adjusting the position of the photosensitive material coating to overlap with the projection area on the back of the solar cell 60, in order to ensure that the second area 702 matches the position of the solar cell 60.

[0151] The phrase "the area of ​​the second region 702 extending into the back of the solar cell 60 is less than 1 / 3 of the sum of the areas of all solar cells 60 in the photovoltaic module 100" refers to the maximum extension range of the second region 702 beyond the main area of ​​the solar cell 60. This can be achieved by limiting the coverage area of ​​the photosensitive material to no more than 1 / 3 of the sum of the areas of all solar cells 60 in the photovoltaic module 100, thus avoiding excessive shading that could affect power generation efficiency.

[0152] Specifically, the second region 702 extends to the projection area on the back of the solar cell 60, forming a controllable light transmission adjustment band at the edge of the solar cell 60. When the light intensity changes, the photosensitive material of the second region 702 dynamically adjusts the light transmittance according to the light intensity. For example, it reduces the light transmittance under strong light conditions to reduce indoor glare, and increases the light transmittance under weak light conditions to increase light intake. The outward expansion range is limited to less than one-third of the area of ​​the solar cell 60, so that the second region 702 can cover the gap area at the edge of the solar cell 60 to adjust the light transmission, without excessively encroaching on the main area of ​​the solar cell 60 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0153] The overlapping design of the second region 702 and the projection area of ​​the solar cell 60 avoids the obstruction of the main body of the solar cell 60 by light transmission adjustment. The limitation of the outward expansion range further ensures that the effective working area of ​​the solar cell 60 is not excessively affected, thus balancing light transmission performance and power generation efficiency.

[0154] Of course, in other embodiments, the area of ​​the second region 702 extending to the back of the solar cell 60 by its orthogonal projection is less than 1 / 4 of the sum of the areas of all solar cells 60 in the photovoltaic module 100, or the area of ​​the second region 702 extending to the back of the solar cell 60 by its orthogonal projection is less than 1 / 5 of the sum of the areas of all solar cells 60 in the photovoltaic module 100. The specific design can be made according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0155] Example 19

[0156] Furthermore, the ratio of the total coverage area of ​​the first region 701 and the second region 702 to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 30%.

[0157] Within the plane of the photovoltaic module 100, the first region 701 serves as the main light-transmitting area, achieving automatic adjustment of light transmittance through photosensitive materials. The second region 702 serves as the auxiliary light-transmitting area, expanding the light transmittance range through the extended distribution of photosensitive materials. By controlling the total coverage area of ​​the two regions to over 30%, both basic light transmittance performance and dynamic balance of light transmittance are achieved through the synergistic effect of photosensitive materials. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0158] Example 20

[0159] Furthermore, the ratio of the total coverage area of ​​the first region 701 and the second region 702 to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 50%.

[0160] It should be noted that, in different embodiments, the ratio of the sum of the coverage areas of the first region 701 and the second region 702 to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module 100 can also be greater than other values, and the specific design can be made according to the actual situation.

[0161] For example, in one instance, the ratio of the sum of the coverage areas of the first region 701 and the second region 702 to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 40%;

[0162] For example, in another instance, the ratio of the total coverage area of ​​the first region 701 and the second region 702 to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 35%;

[0163] For example, in yet another example, the ratio of the total coverage area of ​​the first region 701 and the second region 702 to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module 100 is greater than 25%.

[0164] Example 21

[0165] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5Furthermore, the photovoltaic module 100 includes a third light-transmitting layer 70. The projection area of ​​the third light-transmitting layer 70 on the plane of the photovoltaic module 100 is a third region. The third region is composed of a first region 701 and a second region 702. Both the first region 701 and the second region 702 contain photosensitive materials. The third light-transmitting layer 70 is disposed between the first adhesive film 20 and the second adhesive film 40. The third light-transmitting layer 70 extends at least partially and covers the surface of the solar cell 60 near the second light-transmitting substrate 50.

[0166] Specifically, the third light-transmitting layer 70 refers to a composite light-transmitting structure composed of photosensitive materials. Specifically, it can be formed by dispersing metal halide or metal oxide crystal particles in the film material. By controlling the distribution area of ​​the crystal particles, the light transmittance can be dynamically adjusted. By partially covering the light-sensitive area of ​​the battery cell 60 through the third light-transmitting layer 70, the light transmittance adjustment range is expanded, and the conflict with the power generation function of the battery cell 60 is avoided. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0167] Preferably, since the surface of the solar cell 60 near the second light-transmitting substrate 50 is not part of the core photoelectric conversion region, the absorption of incident light and conversion of electrical energy by the solar cell 60 will not be affected when the third light-transmitting layer 70 extends at least partially over the surface of the second light-transmitting substrate 50.

[0168] In other words, the photovoltaic module 100 of this embodiment can utilize the back area of ​​the solar cell 60 to expand the area for light transmission adjustment and increase the overall light transmission range, without affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic module 100. It has a simple structure and is easy to implement.

[0169] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the third light-transmitting layer 70 can also be disposed in other locations, and the specific design can be made according to the actual situation.

[0170] Please see Figure 6 For example, in one possible embodiment, the third light-transmitting layer 70 is disposed between the second adhesive film 40 and the second light-transmitting substrate 50.

[0171] Please see Figure 7 For example, in another possible embodiment, the third light-transmitting layer 70 is disposed on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate 50 away from the second adhesive film 40.

[0172] For example, in yet another possible embodiment, the third light-transmitting layer 70 is disposed between the second adhesive film 40 and the first light-transmitting substrate 10.

[0173] The specific location of the third light-transmitting layer is not limited here. By setting the third light-transmitting layer 70, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module 100 can be dynamically and adaptively adjusted. During periods of strong sunlight, the light transmittance is reduced to avoid indoor glare, and during periods of weak sunlight, the light transmittance is increased to improve the lighting effect, while keeping the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100 unaffected.

[0174] Example 22

[0175] Furthermore, the third light-transmitting layer 70 extends for a length of less than 80 mm along the arrangement direction of the fine grid lines on the solar cell 60.

[0176] In this embodiment, the arrangement direction of the fine grid lines refers to the distribution direction of the metal conductive linear structure on the surface of the battery cell 60 used to collect current. Specifically, it can be achieved by screen printing or laser etching to form the grid line mesh.

[0177] The extension length refers to the linear distance covered by the third light-transmitting layer 70 in the direction of the fine grid lines, i.e. Figure 1 In the Y direction, the direction of the fine grid lines is perpendicular to the extension direction of the solder strip (i.e., the X direction). Specifically, the boundary of the third light-transmitting layer 70 can be defined by a photolithography mask or the material coverage can be controlled by a laser cutting process. This is used to constrain the shading range of the third light-transmitting layer 70 on the light-receiving area of ​​the solar cell 60.

[0178] Specifically, the third light-transmitting layer 70 is made of photosensitive material, and its extension length along the fine grid line direction is limited to a specific range. For example, by controlling the coating area of ​​the photosensitive material or the cutting process parameters, the third light-transmitting layer 70 covers only a portion of the solar cell 60 in the fine grid line arrangement direction. This setting can prevent the third light-transmitting layer 70 from extending excessively into the main light-receiving area of ​​the solar cell 60, thus ensuring the dynamic adjustment function of the photosensitive material on the transmittance while reducing the impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 60.

[0179] This configuration, through the coordinated layout of the third light-transmitting layer 70 and the electrode structure of the solar cell 60, reduces the negative impact on the power generation efficiency of the solar cell 60 during the dynamic adjustment of light transmittance, while ensuring that the coverage of the photosensitive material in the fine grid area meets the light transmittance adjustment requirements. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0180] Example 23

[0181] Please see Figure 8 Furthermore, the photovoltaic module 100 includes a third light-transmitting layer 70. The projection area of ​​the third light-transmitting layer 70 on the plane of the photovoltaic module 100 is a third region. The third region is composed of a first region 701 and a second region 702. Both the first region 701 and the second region 702 contain photosensitive materials. The third light-transmitting layer 70 is disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting substrate 10 away from the battery string 30.

[0182] In this embodiment, the third light-transmitting layer 70 is disposed on the outer surface of the outermost light-transmitting substrate, forming the outermost functional layer of the photovoltaic module 100. When the incident light intensity increases, the silver halide crystal in the photosensitive material undergoes a photolysis reaction to generate metallic silver particles, and the copper oxide crystal undergoes a valence state transition. The synergistic effect of the two reduces the overall light transmittance of the third light-transmitting layer 70. When the light intensity decreases, the material reversibly restores its original light-transmitting characteristics. The area covered by the third light-transmitting layer 70 includes the main light-transmitting area and its extended auxiliary area, which not only ensures the ability to adjust light transmittance over a large area, but also avoids shading the light-receiving surface of the solar cell 60.

[0183] This configuration enables dynamic adaptive adjustment of the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module 100. During periods of strong sunlight, the light transmittance is reduced to avoid indoor glare, while during periods of weak sunlight, the light transmittance is increased to improve the lighting effect. This solves the problem that fixed light transmittance designs cannot adapt to environmental changes, resulting in poor lighting comfort, while maintaining the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0184] Example 24

[0185] Furthermore, the battery string 30 includes several battery cells 60, with a spacing of less than 30cm between two adjacent battery cells 60. The light-transmitting area is formed by the spacing between adjacent battery cells 60 and the area of ​​the edge of the photovoltaic module 100 that is not covered by battery cells 60.

[0186] Specifically, the spacing between the solar cells 60 refers to the distance between adjacent solar cells 60. This can be achieved through mechanical positioning or automated arrangement processes. By controlling the spacing to within 30cm, the relationship between the light-transmitting area and the coverage of the solar cells 60 can be balanced.

[0187] Furthermore, the solar cells 60 are arranged at a spacing of less than 30cm. Under the premise of meeting the power generation efficiency, the gaps between the solar cells 60 form a continuous light transmission channel. The area of ​​the edge of the photovoltaic module 100 not covered by the solar cells 60 together with the gap area constitutes the light transmission area. The photosensitive material dynamically adjusts the light transmittance according to the change of light intensity.

[0188] For example, under strong light conditions, the photosensitive material reduces light transmittance to reduce indoor glare; under weak light conditions, the light transmittance increases to increase the amount of light received. Thus, the range of the light-transmitting area is directly related to the arrangement of the solar cells 60, and the dynamic response of the light transmittance can be achieved without designing a separate light-transmitting structure.

[0189] This design utilizes the gaps and edges of the solar cells 60 as light-transmitting areas, reducing reliance on additional light-transmitting structures and lowering production costs. Simultaneously, the dynamic adjustment capability of the light-transmitting areas effectively solves the problem of insufficient or excessive light collection caused by a fixed light transmission ratio, enhancing the applicability of the photovoltaic module 100 in scenarios such as smart buildings.

[0190] Example 25

[0191] This utility model also provides a photovoltaic system, including the photovoltaic module 100 of any of the above.

[0192] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic system can be applied in photovoltaic power plants, such as ground-mounted power plants, rooftop power plants, and floating power plants. It can also be applied to equipment or devices that utilize solar energy to generate electricity, such as user solar power supplies, solar streetlights, solar cars, and solar buildings. Of course, it is understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to these; that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that require solar energy to generate electricity. Taking a photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple battery modules; for example, multiple battery modules can form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to the combiner box, which can collect the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The collected current flows through the inverter and is converted into AC power required by the mains power grid before being connected to the mains power grid to achieve solar power supply.

[0193] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are that by setting a light-transmitting area containing photosensitive material and controlling its coverage ratio, the light transmittance is dynamically adjusted by utilizing the light intensity response characteristics of the photosensitive material, so that the photovoltaic module 100 can automatically adjust the light transmittance according to changes in outdoor light intensity, thereby improving indoor lighting comfort and enhancing the user experience.

[0194] It is understood that those skilled in the art can combine various implementation methods in the above embodiments under the guidance of the above examples to obtain technical solutions with multiple implementation methods.

[0195] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a first light-transmitting substrate, a battery string, and a second light-transmitting substrate arranged sequentially along the incident direction of light. A first region containing photosensitive material is provided in the plane of the photovoltaic module. The first region is at least partially a light-transmitting region. The ratio of the coverage area of ​​the light-transmitting region to the plane area of ​​the photovoltaic module is greater than 30%.

2. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also includes a coverage area where the battery strings are disposed.

3. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmittance of the first region is negatively correlated with the light intensity.

4. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photosensitive material included in the first region includes at least one of metal halides having transmittance adjustable according to light intensity or at least one of metal oxides having transmittance adjustable according to light intensity.

5. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The metal halide includes at least one of silver halide, copper bromide nickel phosphate film, Ce-doped calcium fluoride, tris(2-fluorophenyl)ethylamine hexachloroantimony(III) dichloride, and bismuth silver cesium perovskite, and the metal oxide includes at least one of copper oxide, vanadium oxide, cerium oxide, cuprous oxide-copper oxide, iron tetroxide, and tungsten oxide.

6. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The photosensitive material contained in the first region includes at least one of metal halides and metal oxides as crystal particles, and the size of the crystal particles is 50nm-3μm.

7. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The photosensitive material included in the first region includes at least one of silver halide and copper oxide, wherein the silver halide is silver halide crystal particles, the copper oxide is copper oxide crystal particles, and the size of at least one of the silver halide crystal particles and the copper oxide crystal particles is 100nm-1μm.

8. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module further includes a first adhesive film and a second adhesive film, wherein the first adhesive film is disposed between the first light-transmitting substrate and the battery string, and the second adhesive film is disposed between the second light-transmitting substrate and the battery string.

9. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The photosensitive material is disposed in the first adhesive film, and in the area of ​​the first adhesive film corresponding to the first region.

10. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The photosensitive material is disposed in the second adhesive film, and in the area of ​​the second adhesive film corresponding to the first area.

11. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a first light-transmitting layer composed of the photosensitive material, the first light-transmitting layer being disposed between the second adhesive film and the second light-transmitting substrate.

12. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a first light-transmitting layer composed of the photosensitive material, the first light-transmitting layer being disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting substrate away from the battery string.

13. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The first light-transmitting layer corresponds at least partially to the first region.

14. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a second light-transmitting layer composed of the photosensitive material, the second light-transmitting layer being disposed on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate away from the second adhesive film.

15. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The second light-transmitting layer corresponds at least partially to the first region.

16. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also has a second region within its plane, which is located around the light-transmitting region and contains the photosensitive material.

17. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The photosensitive material contained in the second region includes at least one of metal halides and metal oxides.

18. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The battery string includes a plurality of battery cells, and the second region extends at least partially into the orthographic projection coverage area on the back of the battery cells, wherein the area of ​​the second region extending into the orthographic projection coverage area on the back of the battery cells is less than 1 / 3 of the sum of the areas of all the battery cells in the photovoltaic module.

19. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The ratio of the total coverage area of ​​the first region and the second region to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module is greater than 30%.

20. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 19, characterized in that, The ratio of the total coverage area of ​​the first region and the second region to the planar area of ​​the photovoltaic module is greater than 50%.

21. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a third light-transmitting layer. The projection area of ​​the third light-transmitting layer on the plane of the photovoltaic module is a third region. The third region is composed of the first region and the second region. Both the first region and the second region contain the photosensitive material.

22. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The battery string includes a plurality of battery cells, and the third light-transmitting layer is disposed between the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film. The third light-transmitting layer extends at least partially and covers the surface of the battery cells near the second light-transmitting substrate.

23. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The third light-transmitting layer is disposed between the second adhesive film and the second light-transmitting substrate.

24. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The third light-transmitting layer is disposed on the side of the second light-transmitting substrate away from the second adhesive film.

25. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The third light-transmitting layer is disposed between the second adhesive film and the first light-transmitting substrate.

26. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The battery string includes several battery cells, and the third light-transmitting layer extends for a length of less than 80 mm along the arrangement direction of the fine grid lines on the battery cells.

27. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a third light-transmitting layer. The projection area of ​​the third light-transmitting layer on the plane of the photovoltaic module is a third region. The third region is composed of the first region and the second region. Both the first region and the second region contain the photosensitive material. The third light-transmitting layer is disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting substrate away from the battery string.

28. The photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery string includes several battery cells, with a spacing of less than 30 cm between two adjacent battery cells. The light-transmitting area is formed by the interval area between adjacent battery cells and the area at the edge of the photovoltaic module that does not cover the battery cells.

29. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Including the photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1-28.

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