Potato picking, conveying and separating device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, and discloses a potato picking, conveying and separating device which comprises a suspension rack, and a digging assembly, a lifting assembly and a screening assembly which are sequentially connected are arranged on the suspension rack. The screening assembly comprises a screen and a driving unit used for driving the screen to swing in a reciprocating mode, and the screening assembly further comprises a movable plate which is arranged below the screen. The gas storage chamber is arranged in the movable plate; the multiple air bags are arranged and matched with the screen holes of the screen; the driving unit comprises a bracket, a crank and a driving shaft; the air supply unit comprises an air pump and a cam, the air pump is arranged on the suspension rack, the air outlet end of the air pump communicates with the air storage cavity through a pipeline, the cam is coaxially and fixedly connected with the driving shaft, and the cam is used for intermittently extruding the air pump; according to the scheme, the air bags matched with the screen holes are arranged below the screen, so that the damage risk of potato skins is reduced; the potato desliming machine solves the problem that the skins of potatoes are damaged when the potatoes are deslimed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This solution belongs to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically involving a potato harvesting, conveying and separating device. Background Technology

[0002] Referring to the existing background technology with publication number CN113906894A, potatoes are the world's and my country's fourth largest staple food crop, with production second only to wheat, rice, and corn. Potatoes can be eaten as both a vegetable and a staple food, making them a dual-purpose crop.

[0003] The lightweight potato harvester has a simple structure and is suitable for harvesting potatoes in loose soil using single-row double-row or single-row single-row planting patterns. After digging, it completes potato-soil separation and spreading in a short stroke. Types include vibratory digging, roller pushing, disc grid, and anti-damage chain types. During harvesting, the potato skin experiences intense collisions, impacts, and friction with the various components of the separating screen. Due to the various static loads, shearing, compression, vibration, and impact loads, the potato's outer layer is easily damaged, causing it to rupture.

[0004] See the existing publication (announcement) number CN119183773A, which discloses a potato harvester with a soil removal structure and its application, including a conveying assembly with a vibration structure for screening out soil shoveled up along with the potatoes. The conveying assembly is located on the side of the connecting cylinder away from the harvesting shovel, and the conveying assembly is fixedly connected to the surface of the outer shell. The surface of the conveyor belt is provided with screen holes, which are located in the wavy depressions of the conveyor belt, and there are a plurality of screen holes, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the conveyor belt.

[0005] The aforementioned potato harvesting device uses a sieve cylinder to allow the soil, including fine particles, to fall through the sieve holes. However, because there are sharp edges between the sieve holes, potatoes collide with these edges as they pass through the sieve holes on the conveyor belt. Since the potato skin is relatively fragile, it is easily cut and damaged by the friction and impact from these edges, leading to skin cracking and making the potatoes unsuitable for storage. Furthermore, when removing soil from the potatoes, a mesh structure must be used to sift the soil out of the device. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this solution is to provide a potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device to solve the problem of easy damage to the skin of potatoes during the desliming process on a screen.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this solution provides a potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device, including a suspended frame on which a digging assembly, a lifting assembly, and a screening assembly are sequentially connected. The screening assembly includes a screen and a drive unit for driving the screen to reciprocate. The screening assembly further includes:

[0008] A movable plate, wherein the movable plate is located below the screen;

[0009] A gas storage chamber, wherein the gas storage chamber is located within a movable plate;

[0010] The airbags are of several types and are configured to cooperate with the mesh openings of the screen.

[0011] An air supply unit is used to supply air to the air storage chamber.

[0012] The principle of this solution is as follows: Both the excavation and lifting components are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here. This solution involves setting a movable plate below the screen, within which is a gas storage chamber and several air bladders that cooperate with the screen openings. When the gas supply unit supplies gas to the gas storage chamber to a certain threshold, the air bladders inflate, block, and extend out of the screen openings. This causes the potatoes to be lifted by the air bladders on the screen, cushioning the impact of the potatoes and preventing direct friction and collision between the potato skin and the edges of the screen openings. Then, a drive unit drives the screen to swing back and forth, causing the potatoes to vibrate and shake off the soil. After the potatoes have shaken off the soil on the screen, the gas storage chamber is deflated, causing the air bladders to move away from the screen and transferring the potatoes to the next process. Then, the drive unit again drives the screen to swing back and forth, causing the soil on the screen to fall through the screen openings and out of the screen.

[0013] The advantages of this solution are: (1) By setting an airbag below the screen that matches the screen holes, direct friction and collision between the potato skin and the edges of the screen holes are avoided, reducing the risk of damage to the potato skin. At the same time, the airbag can also help the potato shake off the soil when the screen swings back and forth, further improving the soil removal efficiency. (2) After the soil removal of the potato is completed, the air storage chamber is deflated, the airbag contracts and moves away from the screen, and the screen swings back and forth again through the drive unit, causing the soil on the screen to fall through the screen holes and out of the screen without affecting the process of removing soil from the screen.

[0014] Furthermore, the drive unit includes a bracket, a crank, and a drive shaft. The drive shaft is connected to a drive source for rotating the drive shaft. The drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the suspension frame. The bracket is slidably connected to the suspension frame. One end of the crank is hinged to the bracket, and the other end is eccentrically connected to a drive disc. The drive disc is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

[0015] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: the drive shaft is driven to rotate by the drive source. When the drive shaft rotates, it drives the drive disc that is fixedly connected to it to rotate. The rotation of the drive disc is converted into the reciprocating swing of the support through the eccentrically connected crank. Since the support is slidably connected to the suspension frame, the reciprocating swing of the support can drive the screen connected to it to swing back and forth, thereby realizing the vibration of the screen and causing the potatoes to shake off the soil on the screen.

[0016] Furthermore, the air supply unit includes an air pump and a cam. The air pump is mounted on a suspended frame, and the air outlet of the air pump is connected to the air storage chamber through a pipe. The cam is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and the cam is used to intermittently squeeze the air pump.

[0017] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: when the drive shaft rotates, it synchronously drives the cam to rotate, so that the cam intermittently collides with the air pump. The gas generated by the air pump enters the air storage chamber through the air outlet and pipeline. When the gas in the air outlet chamber reaches the threshold, the airbag inflates.

[0018] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided on the pipe connecting the air pump and the air storage chamber, and a pressure relief valve is provided in the air storage chamber.

[0019] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: by installing a one-way valve on the pipeline connecting the air pump and the air storage chamber, it is ensured that gas can only flow from the air pump to the air storage chamber and cannot flow in the opposite direction. The air storage chamber is equipped with a pressure relief valve. When the gas pressure in the chamber reaches a set value, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to release excess gas and prevent excessive pressure.

[0020] Furthermore, a cylinder is provided below the movable plate, and the piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable plate. The cylinder is used to drive the movable plate to move up and down reciprocally, and the air bladder is inflated and configured to cooperate with the sieve holes.

[0021] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: When screening soil, the sieve holes are easily clogged by soil. This solution, after the potatoes are transferred to the next process, uses a cylinder to drive a movable plate to move up and down repeatedly, causing airbags to intermittently insert into the sieve holes, thereby clearing the soil clogging the holes and reducing the amount of manual cleaning work.

[0022] Furthermore, the height of the inflated airbag is greater than the height of the sieve holes; the inflated airbag is cylindrical.

[0023] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: the height of the inflated air bladder is greater than the height of the sieve holes, allowing the air bladder to extend beyond the sieve holes and contact the potatoes. Simultaneously, because the inflated air bladder is cylindrical, it can conform to the shape of the sieve holes after expansion, thus cleaning the sieve holes.

[0024] Furthermore, the movable plate is provided with several spray holes, which are connected to the air storage chamber through an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with a solenoid valve.

[0025] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: by setting several spray holes on the movable plate and connecting these spray holes to the air storage chamber through the exhaust pipe, and by installing a solenoid valve on the exhaust pipe, the solenoid valve can be opened when the screen needs to be cleaned, so that the gas in the air storage chamber can be sprayed out through the spray holes to clean the screen with air jets.

[0026] Furthermore, a mini-tiller is connected to the front end of the suspension frame, and wheels are provided on the suspension frame; a pulley is provided at the bottom of the bracket, and the pulley is slidably connected to the suspension frame.

[0027] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: the front end of the suspension frame is connected to a mini-tiller, and wheels are installed on the suspension frame. The mini-tiller provides power and mobility, driving the entire device to move in the field. The support frame is equipped with pulleys that slide against the suspension frame, reducing frictional resistance between the support frame and the suspension frame.

[0028] Furthermore, the excavation component includes a soil-cutting disc and a grass-cutting disc, both of which are rotatably connected to the suspension frame and located at the front bottom of the suspension frame. The soil-cutting disc is located at the front end of the grass-cutting disc. A grass-skimming shovel is provided at the rear end of the grass-cutting disc and is fixedly located at the bottom of the suspension frame.

[0029] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: by setting a soil-cutting disc and a grass-cutting disc at the bottom front end of the hanging frame, with the soil-cutting disc located at the front end of the grass-cutting disc, the soil-cutting disc is used to cut and loosen the soil first, and then the grass-cutting disc cuts the vines. At the same time, the grass-sliding shovel is fixed at the bottom of the hanging frame to push the potatoes out of the soil onto the hanging frame.

[0030] Furthermore, the lifting assembly is located at the rear end of the grass skiing shovel. The lifting assembly includes a drive roller, a transmission roller, and a conveyor belt. The drive roller and the transmission roller are rotatably connected to the suspension frame. The first and last ends of the conveyor belt are connected to form a closed loop structure and are respectively connected to the drive roller and the transmission roller for transmission. The drive roller is connected to a drive source. The drive roller and the transmission roller are connected by a chain drive. The drive roller is connected to a drive wheel by a belt drive. The drive wheel is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

[0031] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: the potatoes are lifted and conveyed to the screening component through a transmission system consisting of a drive roller, a transmission roller and a conveyor belt. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a potato harvesting, conveying and separating device according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screening component of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the airbag of this utility model without the air bladder inserted into the sieve hole;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the airbag after it is inserted into the sieve hole.

[0036] The corresponding labels in the attached diagram are as follows: suspension frame 1, wheel 11, digging assembly 2, soil cutting disc 21, grass cutting disc 22, grass skimming shovel 23, lifting assembly 3, drive roller 31, conveyor belt 32, drive wheel 33, screening assembly 4, screen 41, screen hole 411, movable plate 42, spray hole 421, air bag 43, bracket 44, pulley 441, crank 45, drive shaft 46, drive disc 47, air pump 48, cam 49. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following will describe the concept and technical effects of this utility model clearly and completely with reference to the embodiments, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0038] Example:

[0039] Please see Figure 1 A potato harvesting, conveying and separating device includes a suspension frame 1, from front to back, a digging component 2, a lifting component 3 and a screening component 4 connected sequentially; two wheels 11 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the suspension frame 1, and a light agricultural implement such as a micro-tiller is connected to the front end of the suspension frame 1. Its driving power comes from an air-cooled diesel engine, which is used to provide a power source for the drive roller 31. For example, the output end of the motor on the micro-tiller is connected to the drive roller 31 via a belt.

[0040] The excavation component 2 includes multiple uniformly and equidistantly arranged soil-cutting discs 21 and grass-cutting discs 22. Both the soil-cutting discs 21 and grass-cutting discs 22 are rotatably connected to the suspension frame 1 and are located at the bottom front end of the suspension frame 1. The soil-cutting discs 21 are located at the front end of the grass-cutting discs 22. The rear end of the grass-cutting discs 22 is equipped with a grass-sliding shovel 23, which is fixedly located at the bottom of the suspension frame 1. The soil is first cut and loosened by the soil-cutting discs 21, and then the grass-cutting discs 22 cut the potato vines. At the same time, the grass-sliding shovel 23 is used to scoop the potatoes out of the soil and push them onto the suspension frame 1.

[0041] The lifting assembly 3 is located at the rear end of the grass-skimming shovel 23. The lifting assembly 3 includes a drive roller 31, a transmission roller, and a conveyor belt 32. Both the drive roller 31 and the transmission roller are rotatably connected to the suspension frame 1. The conveyor belt 32 is connected end-to-end to form a closed loop structure and is connected to both the drive roller 31 and the transmission roller. The drive roller 31 is connected to the power output end of the micro-tiller via a belt, and the drive roller 31 and the transmission roller are connected via a chain drive. Through the transmission system composed of the drive roller 31, the transmission roller, and the conveyor belt 32, the potatoes are lifted and conveyed to the screening assembly 4.

[0042] Please see Figures 1-4 The screening component 4 includes a screen 41 and a drive unit for driving the screen 41 to reciprocate. The drive unit includes a bracket 44, a crank 45 and a drive shaft 46. The drive shaft 46 is rotatably mounted on the suspension frame 1 and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive wheel 33. The bottom of the bracket 44 is provided with a pulley 441, which is slidably connected to the suspension frame 1. One end of the crank 45 is hinged to the bracket 44, and the other end is eccentrically connected to a drive disk 47, which is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft 46. The screening assembly 4 also includes a movable plate 42, a gas storage chamber (not shown in the figure, located inside the movable plate 42), air bladders 43, and a gas supply unit. The movable plate 42 is located below the screen 41, and a cylinder is located below the movable plate 42. The piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable plate 42, and the cylinder drives the movable plate 42 to reciprocate up and down. Several air bladders 43 are arranged to cooperate with the sieve holes 411 of the screen 41. The height of the inflated air bladders 43 is greater than the height of the sieve holes 411, allowing the air bladders 43 to extend beyond the sieve holes 411 and contact the potatoes. The inflated air bladders 43 are cylindrical, allowing them to fit the shape of the sieve holes 411 for cleaning. The movable plate 42 has several spray holes 421, which are connected to the gas storage chamber via an exhaust pipe equipped with a solenoid valve. The air supply unit includes an air pump 48 and a cam 49. The air pump 48 is a manually operated push-button type air pump 48, which is fixedly mounted on the suspension frame 1. The air outlet of the air pump 48 is connected to the air storage chamber through a pipe. The cam 49 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft 46. The cam 49 is used to intermittently squeeze the air pump 48. A one-way valve is provided on the pipe connecting the air pump 48 and the air storage chamber to ensure that the gas can only flow from the air pump 48 to the air storage chamber and cannot flow in the opposite direction. The air storage chamber is equipped with a pressure relief valve. When the gas pressure in the chamber reaches the set value, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to release excess gas and prevent excessive pressure.

[0043] Specific working principle: When the drive shaft 46 rotates, it drives the drive disc 47, which is fixedly connected to it on the same axis, to rotate. The rotation of the drive disc 47 is converted into the reciprocating swing of the support 44 through the eccentrically connected crank 45. Since the support 44 and the suspension frame 1 are slidably connected through the pulley 441, the reciprocating swing of the support 44 can drive the screen 41 connected to it to swing back and forth, thereby realizing the vibration of the screen 41, causing the potatoes to vibrate and shake off the soil on the screen 41. When the drive shaft 46 rotates, it synchronously drives the cam 49 to rotate, so that the cam 49 intermittently collides with the air pump 48. The gas generated by the air pump 48 enters the air storage chamber through the air outlet and the pipe. When the gas in the air outlet chamber reaches the threshold, the air bag 43 inflates. Then the cylinder drives the movable plate 42 to move towards the screen 41 and insert the air bag 43 into the corresponding screen hole 411 (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 This causes the potatoes to be lifted by several airbags 411 on the screen 41. The airbags 411 cushion the impact of the potatoes, preventing direct friction and collision between the potato skin and the edges of the screen holes 411. Then, the drive unit drives the screen 41 to swing back and forth, causing the potatoes to vibrate and shake off the soil. After the potatoes have shaken off the soil on the screen 41, the cylinder drives the movable plate 42 to reset, causing the airbags 43 to move away from the screen holes 411, and then the potatoes are transferred to the next process. Then, the cylinder drives the movable plate 42 to move up and down, causing the airbags 43 to intermittently insert into the screen holes 411, thereby clearing the soil clogging the screen holes 411. The drive unit drives the screen 41 to swing back and forth again, thereby causing the soil on the screen 41 to fall out of the screen 41. Finally, the solenoid valve is opened, and the gas in the air storage chamber is sprayed out through the spray hole 421 to clean the screen 41 and the screen holes 411.

[0044] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this utility model, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of this utility model, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. These modifications will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device, comprising a suspended frame (1), wherein a digging assembly (2), a lifting assembly (3), and a screening assembly (4) are sequentially connected on the suspended frame (1); the screening assembly (4) comprises a screen (41) and a driving unit for driving the screen (41) to reciprocate, characterized in that, The filtering component (4) also includes: Movable plate (42), the movable plate (42) is located below the screen (41); A gas storage chamber is located inside a movable plate (42); Airbags (43), the number of which is several, and which are configured to cooperate with the sieve holes (411) of the sieve (41); An air supply unit is used to supply air to the air storage chamber.

2. The potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit includes a bracket (44), a crank (45) and a drive shaft (46). The drive shaft (46) is connected to a drive source for rotating the drive shaft (46). The drive shaft (46) is rotatably mounted on the suspension frame (1). The bracket (44) is slidably connected to the suspension frame (1). One end of the crank (45) is hinged to the bracket (44), and the other end is eccentrically connected to a drive disk (47). The drive disk (47) is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive shaft (46).

3. The potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply unit includes an air pump (48) and a cam (49). The air pump (48) is mounted on the suspension frame (1). The air outlet of the air pump (48) is connected to the air storage chamber through a pipe. The cam (49) is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive shaft (46). The cam (49) is used to intermittently squeeze the air pump (48).

4. The potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air pump (48) is connected to the air storage chamber via a one-way valve, and the air storage chamber is equipped with a pressure relief valve.

5. The potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylinder is provided below the movable plate (42). The piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable plate (42). The cylinder is used to drive the movable plate (42) to move up and down reciprocally. The air bag (43) is inflated and then matched with the sieve hole (411).

6. The potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the inflated airbag (43) is greater than the height of the sieve hole (411); the inflated airbag (43) is cylindrical.

7. The potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable plate (42) is provided with a plurality of spray holes (421), the spray holes (421) are connected to the gas storage chamber through an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with a solenoid valve.

8. A potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end of the suspension frame (1) is connected to a micro-tiller, and the suspension frame (1) is provided with wheels (11); the bottom of the bracket (44) is provided with a pulley (441), and the pulley (441) is slidably connected to the suspension frame (1).

9. A potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation assembly (2) includes a soil cutting disc (21) and a grass cutting disc (22). Both the soil cutting disc (21) and the grass cutting disc (22) are rotatably connected to the suspension frame (1) and are located at the bottom front end of the suspension frame (1). The soil cutting disc (21) is located at the front end of the grass cutting disc (22). The rear end of the grass cutting disc (22) is provided with a grass skimming shovel (23), which is fixedly located at the bottom of the suspension frame (1).

10. A potato harvesting, conveying, and separating device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (3) is located at the rear end of the grass shovel (23). The lifting assembly (3) includes a drive roller (31), a transmission roller, and a conveyor belt (32). The drive roller (31) and the transmission roller are rotatably connected to the suspension frame (1). The conveyor belt (32) is connected head to head to form a closed loop structure and is connected to the drive roller (31) and the transmission roller respectively. The drive roller (31) is connected to a drive source. The drive roller (31) and the transmission roller are connected by a chain drive. The drive roller (31) is connected to a drive wheel (33) by a belt drive. The drive wheel (33) is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive shaft (46).

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