Adjusting mechanism

Abstract

The utility model provides an adjusting mechanism which comprises an airflow pipeline extending in the vertical direction, a speed reduction adjusting assembly and an acceleration adjusting assembly, the speed reduction adjusting assembly and the acceleration adjusting assembly are arranged at an upper pipe opening and a lower pipe opening of the airflow pipeline respectively, and the acceleration adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of first speed adjusting plates which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotationally connected to the lower pipe opening of the airflow pipeline. The speed reduction adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of second speed adjusting plates which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and rotationally connected to an upper pipe opening of the airflow pipeline, and the multiple second speed adjusting plates correspond to the multiple first speed adjusting plates one to one. A linkage mechanism is arranged between the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate which correspond to each other; a second speed regulation plate in the speed reduction regulation assembly and a first speed regulation plate in the acceleration regulation assembly can respectively form a speed reduction or acceleration structure similar to a Laval pipe with an airflow pipeline, so that airflow upwards enters the condenser at a preset speed or a speed close to the preset speed when passing through the regulation mechanism, the condensation time is sufficient and reasonable, and the condensation efficiency is improved. The preparation efficiency of the fatty acid is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the chemical industry, and in particular to a regulating mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] Mixed fatty acids refer to fatty acids composed of various fatty acid monomers, including hexadecimal saturated fatty acids with a freezing point of 63°C, octadecane saturated fatty acids with a freezing point of 72°C, and low-carbon fatty acids with freezing points between 20°C and 63°C. The raw materials for the production of mixed fatty acids are mainly derived from natural oils. For example, after refining palm oil, one can obtain edible oil with a freezing point of 24°C and a mixture of fatty acids containing impurities. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the mixed fatty acids through fractional distillation.

[0003] The applicant designed a fatty acid production device, including a distillation kettle containing a fatty acid mixing zone and a distillation column located above the distillation kettle. The distillation column has packing material, and above the packing material is a liquid collection tray that allows gas to pass through, and a vertical shell-and-tube condenser. The shell-and-tube condenser includes a shell and condensing tubes inside the shell. Cooling liquid is installed between the condensing tubes and the shell. The mixture in the distillation kettle is heated and forms high-temperature vapor containing fatty acids. The high-temperature vapor passes upward through the packing material and is condensed into a liquid state after being condensed by the condenser. The liquid fatty acids flow downward through the corresponding condensing tubes under the action of gravity and flow into the liquid collection tray.

[0004] High-temperature steam needs to rise at a predetermined flow rate to ensure condensation efficiency. However, the rising speed of high-temperature steam is difficult to control, which affects the condensation efficiency of fatty acid production. For example, when the rising flow rate of high-temperature steam is lower than the predetermined flow rate for a long time, although the condensation process is relatively complete, it will consume a long condensation time and reduce the fatty acid production efficiency. As the heating time increases, when the upward flow rate of high-temperature steam exceeds the predetermined flow rate, it will cause the high-temperature steam to pass through the condenser tube too quickly, resulting in insufficient condensation, which will also affect and reduce the fatty acid production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to set an adjustment mechanism between the packing and the condenser to control the airflow to enter the condenser tube of the condenser at a reasonable speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This utility model provides an adjustment mechanism. By setting a deceleration adjustment component and an acceleration adjustment component that can be linked to each other at the lower and upper opening positions of the airflow duct, respectively, the second speed regulating plate in the deceleration adjustment component and the first speed regulating plate in the acceleration adjustment component can form a deceleration or acceleration structure similar to a Laval tube between themselves and the airflow duct. This allows the airflow to enter the condenser at a predetermined speed or close to a predetermined speed when passing through the adjustment mechanism, ensuring that the condensation time is sufficient and reasonable, and improving the efficiency of fatty acid production.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0007] An adjustment mechanism includes an airflow duct extending vertically, a deceleration adjustment component and an acceleration adjustment component respectively disposed at the upper and lower openings of the airflow duct. The acceleration adjustment component includes multiple first speed regulating plates evenly distributed circumferentially and rotatably connected to the lower opening of the airflow duct. The deceleration adjustment component includes multiple second speed regulating plates evenly distributed circumferentially and rotatably connected to the upper opening of the airflow duct, with each of the multiple second speed regulating plates corresponding to a multiple of the multiple first speed regulating plates. A linkage mechanism is provided between the corresponding first speed regulating plates and the second speed regulating plates. In the initial state, the multiple first speed regulating plates open outwards and form a conical acceleration channel that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom between them and the lower opening of the airflow duct, while the multiple second speed regulating plates close inwards to a vertical state.

[0008] The regulating mechanism has acceleration mode, constant speed mode, and deceleration mode. When the velocity of the rising airflow gradually increases and is less than the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism is in acceleration mode. At this time, multiple first speed regulating plates further open under the action of the airflow, allowing the airflow to accelerate through the conical acceleration pipe and then pass upward through the airflow pipe. When the gas velocity gradually increases and equals the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism switches to constant speed mode. Multiple first speed regulating plates open outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, allowing the airflow to pass upward through the airflow pipe at the predetermined speed. When the gas velocity is greater than the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism switches to deceleration mode. The first speed regulating plates flip upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and, through the linkage mechanism, open outward to the corresponding second speed regulating plates, forming an inverted conical deceleration channel that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom between multiple second speed regulating plates and the upper pipe opening. This allows the airflow to pass through the inverted conical deceleration channel after passing upward through the airflow pipe, thus reducing its flow velocity.

[0009] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a linkage assembly and a linkage component. The linkage assembly includes a first linkage and a second linkage. The linkage component includes a base connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct, and a sliding member is slidably connected to the base. The sliding member has a linkage part extending beyond the base. The two ends of the first linkage are respectively hinged to the first speed regulating plate and the sliding member. The linkage component also includes a rotating seat and a rotating rod hinged to the rotating seat. The rotating rod and the linkage part are positioned correspondingly. The two ends of the second linkage are respectively hinged to the second speed regulating plate and the rotating rod. When the multiple first speed regulating plates open outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates drive the sliding member to slide through the first linkage and bring the linkage part closer to the rotating rod. When the multiple first speed regulating plates flip upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member continues to slide and causes the linkage part to rotate the rotating rod, thereby linking the multiple closed second speed regulating plates to open outward.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating rod has a maximum rotation angle, and the rotating seat is provided with a limiting part. When the rotating rod rotates to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod abuts against the limiting part to prevent the rotating rod from rotating continuously; this avoids excessive rotation of the rotating rod, thus facilitating the reset of the rotating rod.

[0011] Preferably, the second speed regulating plate has two second connecting rods hinged to it, and the outer wall of the airflow duct is provided with a linkage seat and a rotating rod that cooperate with the corresponding second connecting rod. The base is located between the two rotating seats, and the sliding member has two linkage parts that extend beyond the base and cooperate with the corresponding rotating rods. The symmetrical arrangement can enable the first speed regulating plate to form a sufficient linkage force on the second speed regulating plate.

[0012] Preferably, a first elastic plate is connected between every two adjacent first speed regulating plates. When the multiple first speed regulating plates open outwards, the first elastic plate undergoes elastic deformation and seals the space between two adjacent first speed regulating plates. Similarly, a second elastic plate is connected between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates. When the multiple second speed regulating plates open outwards, the second elastic plate undergoes elastic deformation and seals the space between two adjacent second speed regulating plates. This prevents gaps from forming between two adjacent first speed regulating plates and between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates, ensuring the stability of the upward airflow.

[0013] Preferably, elastic elements are provided between the first speed regulating plate and the airflow duct, and between the second speed regulating plate and the airflow duct. The corresponding elastic elements act on the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate, so that the first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate always have a tendency to return to the initial state.

[0014] Preferably, the first hinge end is formed at the rotatable connection between the first speed regulating plate and the lower opening of the airflow duct, and the second hinge end is formed at the rotatable connection between the second speed regulating plate and the upper opening of the airflow duct. The elastic element is a torsion spring located at the first hinge end and the second hinge end. The torsion spring occupies less space and is convenient for structural layout.

[0015] Preferably, the upper and lower inlets of the airflow duct are connected to mounting portions with a polygonal cross-section. The mounting portions have multiple adjacent edges, and the edges are provided with protruding hinge portions. The first speed regulating plate and the second speed regulating plate are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge portions.

[0016] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a linkage assembly. The linkage assembly includes a mounting base and a linkage component. The linkage component includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the mounting base, with both ends of the shaft extending beyond the mounting base and having a gear and a winding portion at each end. The transmission assembly includes a first connecting rod and a transmission cable. One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to a first speed regulating plate, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged to a sliding rack corresponding to the position of the gear. One end of the transmission cable is connected to a second speed regulating plate, and the other end of the transmission cable is connected to the winding portion. When the multiple first speed regulating plates open outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates bring the sliding rack closer to the gear through the first connecting rod. When the multiple first speed regulating plates flip upward from the horizontal state, the sliding rack engages with the gear in transmission and, in conjunction with the winding portion, winds and tightens the transmission cable, causing the multiple closed second speed regulating plates to open outward.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the mounting base is provided with a guide groove, and the sliding rack is provided with a sliding rib, which is slidably connected in the guide groove; this further saves the space occupied by the linkage mechanism and optimizes the structural layout.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model, which adopts the above technical solution, are as follows:

[0019] This invention features interlocking deceleration and acceleration adjustment components at the lower and upper inlets of an airflow duct. The second speed-regulating plate in the deceleration component and the first speed-regulating plate in the acceleration component form a deceleration or acceleration structure similar to a Laval tube with the airflow duct. When the gas velocity is low, the multiple first speed-regulating plates in the acceleration component form a conical acceleration channel with the airflow duct, increasing the airflow velocity and preventing excessive mixed vapor from accumulating below the adjustment mechanism. When the gas velocity reaches a predetermined value, the multiple first speed-regulating plates open outwards but remain inactive, allowing the airflow to enter the upper condenser at a predetermined speed. When the gas velocity exceeds the predetermined value, the multiple first speed-regulating plates flip upwards and, in conjunction with multiple second speed-regulating plates, open outwards, forming an inverted conical deceleration channel with the airflow duct, reducing the airflow velocity. The entire speed adjustment process requires no human intervention, relying solely on the upward force of the airflow to create an adaptive adjustment effect between the adjustment mechanisms, ensuring sufficient and reasonable condensation time for fatty acids and improving fatty acid production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural layout diagram of a fatty acid production device.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a vertical condenser assembly.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism;

[0023] Figure 4 The state diagram of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the airflow velocity is less than the predetermined velocity;

[0024] Figure 5 State diagram of deceleration and acceleration adjustment components, assuming the airflow velocity is equal to the predetermined velocity;

[0025] Figure 6 The state diagram of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the airflow velocity is greater than the predetermined velocity;

[0026] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the airflow velocity is less than the predetermined velocity;

[0027] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component, assuming the airflow velocity is equal to the predetermined velocity;

[0028] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the deceleration adjustment component and the acceleration adjustment component when the airflow velocity is greater than the predetermined velocity;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid collection tray.

[0030] Figure 11 This is an enlarged view of the bottom of the cone-shaped part on the liquid collection plate;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram showing the location of the inlet of the airflow duct;

[0032] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of corrugated wire mesh;

[0033] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid separator assembly;

[0034] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the alignment and interweaving of wave channel groups.

[0035] Figure 16 Structural installation diagram of the adjustment mechanism;

[0036] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding rack near the gear in the linkage mechanism in Example 2;

[0037] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding rack and gear meshing and linkage speed reduction adjustment component in Embodiment 2;

[0038] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Distillation vessel, 2-Distillation column, 3-Packaging, 4-Vertical condenser assembly, 41-Shell-tube condenser, 42-Condensing tube, 421-Connecting rigid pipe, 43-Cooling channel, 44-Baffle, 45-Inlet pipe, 451-Storage tank, 46-Outlet pipe, 47-Heating tube, 48-Replenishment pipe, 481-Replenishment device, 49-Temperature measuring element, 5-Flow rate regulation module, 51-Airflow pipe, 52-First speed regulating plate, 521-First elastic plate, 53-Second speed regulating plate, 531-Second elastic plate, 54-First connecting rod, 55-Second connecting rod, 56-Sliding component, 56a-Base, 56b-Slide groove, 57- Rotating rod, 571-Rotating seat, 572-Limiting part, 58-Mounting part, 581-Hinge part, 6-Liquid separator assembly, 61-Wave wire mesh, 611-Unit perforated plate, 62-Annular clamp, 621-Flange ring, 622-Positioning hole, 63-Wave channel, 7-Collection tray, 7a-Blocking part, 71-Through hole, 72-Collection area, 73-Hollow pipe, 74-Support part, 75-Through groove, 76-Conical liquid guiding surface, 761-Bottom surface, 77-Inverted conical gas guiding surface, 771-Top surface, 78-Rhomboid plate, 79-Guide groove, 78a-Collector, 79a-Collection pipe, 8-Vacuum pump, 81-Connecting pipe, 9-Mounting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0040] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] This utility model has multiple embodiments, and the specific implementation methods are as follows:

[0042] Example 1: As Figure 1-2As shown, this embodiment provides a fatty acid production device. An adjustment mechanism is installed in this device, which includes a distillation kettle 1 containing a fatty acid mixture. A distillation column 2 pre-filled with packing 3 is installed at the upper end of the distillation kettle 1, and the distillation column 2 is interconnected with the distillation kettle 1. The packing 3 can consist of multiple corrugated plates tightly arranged and secured by a collar. The collar is fixedly installed inside the distillation column 2. The packing 3 can make the flow of rising high-temperature mixed vapor more uniform. A vertical condenser assembly 4 is installed above the packing 3. The vertical condenser assembly 4 includes multiple shell-and-tube condensers 41 arranged longitudinally. The shell-and-tube condensers 41 are located inside the distillation column 2. In this embodiment, the shell-and-tube condensers 41 are vertical shell-and-tube condensers, each including a condensing shell and one or more longitudinally extending condensing tubes 42 within the condensing shell. The condensing tubes 42 are connected to... Cooling channels 43 are formed between the shell-and-tube condensers to allow coolant flow, and the cooling channels 43 are isolated from the condenser tubes 42. The condenser tubes 42 in every two adjacent shell-and-tube condensers 41 correspond one-to-one and are interconnected. Specifically, in this embodiment, interconnection means that the shells are fixedly connected and the condenser tubes 42 correspond one-to-one, with space still left between the upper and lower condenser tubes 42. The condensing temperature of the multiple shell-and-tube condensers 41 decreases step by step from bottom to top. The topmost shell-and-tube condenser 41 is the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser. The condenser tubes 42 of the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser are connected to a vacuum pump 8. The vacuum pump 8 is connected to the condenser tubes 42 of the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser through a connecting pipe 81, and provides a vacuum production environment for the fatty acid production process to improve production efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, during processing, the fatty acid mixture in the heating distillation vessel 1 is simultaneously operated by the vacuum pump 8, causing the high-temperature mixed vapor containing the mixed fatty acids to rise and pass through the packing 3. It then gradually passes from bottom to top through multiple shell-and-tube condensers 41 with progressively decreasing condensation temperatures, condensing the fatty acids at their respective condensation points into liquid. The liquid fatty acids in each shell-and-tube condenser 41 automatically flow downwards through the corresponding condenser tube 42 under gravity. This segmented condensation method allows sufficient condensation time for the gaseous fatty acids, and the condensed liquid fatty acids quickly flow out of the condenser tube 43 after condensation, preventing condensation of the liquid fatty acids within the tube wall of the condenser tube 43. This reduces the probability of blockage of the vacuum pump 8 or connecting pipe 81, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0044] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vertical condenser assembly 4 has three shell-and-tube condensers 41, forming three condensation zones with different condensation temperatures. To ensure that the condensed liquid fatty acids overcome atmospheric pressure and flow stably downwards, the longitudinal length of the condenser tubes 42 in the lowermost and middle shell-and-tube condensers 41 is 1500 mm, and the longitudinal length of the condenser tubes 42 in the uppermost shell-and-tube condenser 41 ranges from 1000 mm to 1500 mm. For example, in a practical application, the high-temperature mixed steam may contain octadecanoic saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 72°C, hexadecanoic saturated fatty acids with a condensation point of 63°C, and low-carbon fatty acids with condensation points below 63°C. As the steam passes through the three shell-and-tube condensers 41 from bottom to top, the octadecanoic saturated fatty acids condense into liquid in the bottommost shell-and-tube condenser 41, the hexadecanoic saturated fatty acids condense into liquid in the middle shell-and-tube condenser 41, and the low-carbon fatty acids condense into liquid in the topmost shell-and-tube condenser 41. Since the condenser tubes 42 are interconnected and of sufficient length, these liquid fatty acids can all overcome the supporting force of atmospheric pressure and flow downwards under the action of gravity. In actual production, this method can greatly reduce the clogging frequency of the vacuum pump 8. The vacuum pump 8 and connecting pipe 81, which originally needed to be cleaned every 2-3 days, now only need to be cleaned once every 15 days or more, reducing the downtime frequency during fatty acid production and improving production efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, to achieve different condensation temperatures in the multiple shell-and-tube condensers 41 for condensing fatty acid monomers with different freezing points, each shell-and-tube condenser 41 is equipped with an inlet pipe 45 and an outlet pipe 46 communicating with the cooling channel 43. In every two adjacent shell-and-tube condensers 41, the outlet pipe 46 of the upper shell-and-tube condenser 41 is connected to the inlet pipe 45 of the lower shell-and-tube condenser 41. Specifically, the outlet pipe 46 of the upper shell-and-tube condenser 41 and the inlet pipe 45 of the lower shell-and-tube condenser 41 are sealed together by a connecting rigid pipe 421. A conveying device is connected to the inlet pipe 45 of the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser. The conveying device includes a storage tank 451 connected to the inlet pipe 45. To facilitate the conveying of coolant, it can also... A pressurizing device such as a gear pump is installed between the liquid storage tank 451 and the liquid inlet pipe 45. Coolant is introduced into the liquid inlet pipe 45 of the last-stage shell-and-tube condenser. After heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed vapor in the corresponding condenser tube 42, the temperature of the coolant rises and flows downward into the cooling channel 43 of the next shell-and-tube condenser 41. This cycle continues until the coolant flows out from the liquid outlet pipe 46 of the lowest shell-and-tube condenser 41, ensuring that the condensation temperature of the multiple shell-and-tube condensers 41 decreases step by step from bottom to top. By connecting the cooling channels 43 of each shell-and-tube condenser 41 to each other, the coolant flows from top to bottom through each shell-and-tube condenser 41, so that each shell-and-tube condenser 41 forms a different condensation temperature, so as to condense fatty acid monomers with different condensation points into liquid.

[0046] Furthermore, if the coolant directly flows through the cooling channels 43 of each shell-and-tube condenser 41 sequentially, insufficient heat exchange may occur due to excessive flow rate, causing the condensation temperatures of each shell-and-tube condenser 41 to tend to be the same, making it difficult to form condensation zones with different condensation temperatures. Therefore, the cooling channels 43 of the shell-and-tube condenser 41 have multiple baffles 44. In this embodiment, at least four layers of baffles 44 are arranged longitudinally at intervals in the cooling channels 43. The baffles 44 can be fixed to the inner wall of the shell or surround and be fixed to the outer wall of the condenser tube 43. The baffles 44 reduce the downward flow speed of the coolant, allowing the coolant to undergo sufficient heat exchange with the high-temperature mixed vapor in the corresponding shell-and-tube condenser 41 before flowing downward into the next cooling channel 43. This prevents the coolant from flowing too quickly into the cooling channels 43 of the next shell-and-tube condenser 41, ensuring the efficiency of fatty acid production.

[0047] Furthermore, after condensation, most of the liquid fatty acids will flow downwards out of the condenser tube 43, but some liquid fatty acids may still remain on the inner wall of the condenser tube 43. Therefore, at least one shell-and-tube condenser 41 is equipped with a heating tube that communicates with the cooling channel 43. After step S3, there is a step S4: high-temperature heating steam is introduced into the heating tube. In order to melt fatty acid monomers with different condensation points, the temperature of the high-temperature steam introduced in this embodiment is 80°C-90°C, which is much higher than the condensation point of each fatty acid monomer. The high-temperature steam causes the liquid fatty acids condensed on the condenser tube 42 to flow downwards out of the corresponding condenser tube 42 of the shell-and-tube condenser 41. This avoids some liquid fatty acids remaining on the inner wall of the condenser tube 42, thus improving the efficiency of fat extraction and collection.

[0048] Furthermore, the liquid fatty acids flowing out of the corresponding condenser tube 43 need to be collected. Therefore, the vertical condenser assembly 4 also includes a collection device, which includes a collection tray 7 located between the vertical condenser assembly 4 and the packing 3 for collecting liquid fatty acids. Specifically, an overlapping ring (not shown) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the distillation column 2, and the collection tray 7 overlaps and is fixed to the upper end of the overlapping ring. A collection pipe 79a is connected to the collection tray 7, and the collection pipe 79a is connected to an external collector 78a. In order for the liquid fatty acids to overcome atmospheric pressure and flow downward into the collector 78a, the longitudinal length of the collection pipe 79a is not less than 13m. To facilitate the collection of liquid fatty acids, additional measures can be taken in the collection pipe. A gear pump is installed between 79a and collector 78a for evacuation; multiple through holes 71 are provided on the liquid collection tray 7 at intervals; a hollow tube 73 corresponding to the position of the through hole 71 is installed on the upper end of the liquid collection tray 7, and the diameter of the hollow tube 73 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the through hole 71; the hollow tube 73 is integrally formed with the upper end of the liquid collection tray 7, and the hollow tube 73 allows high-temperature mixed vapor to pass upward; a liquid collection area 72 is formed between the multiple hollow tubes 73, and the liquid fatty acids in the multiple shell and tube condensers 41 flow into the liquid collection area 72 under the action of gravity, and then enter the collector 78a; so that the multiple fatty acid monomers are condensed into liquid and flow into the collector 78a, preventing the liquid fatty acids from flowing back to the distillation kettle 1.

[0049] Furthermore, after the liquid fatty acids fall, a small portion of the liquid fat easily falls back into the distillation vessel through the opening of the conduit. Additionally, to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the collecting tray, there is a gap between the inner wall of the distillation column 2 and the collecting tray 7. There is also a height difference between the lower end of the condenser tube 42 of the lowest shell-and-tube condenser 41 and the collecting tray 7. The liquid fatty acids have a high gravitational potential energy when falling, resulting in a large impact force on the collecting tray 7. This easily causes the liquid fatty acids to spread in all directions and splash onto the inner wall of the distillation column before flowing downwards into the gap between the inner wall and the collecting tray. To avoid this phenomenon, such as... Figure 10-11 As shown, in this embodiment, the hollow tube 73 of the liquid collection tray 7 corresponds one-to-one with the position of the upper condenser tube 42, and the upper opening of the hollow tube 73 is provided with multiple circumferentially spaced support parts 74. A through groove 77 is formed between every two adjacent support parts 74 to allow gas to pass upward. The upper end of the support part 74 is connected to a conical body for receiving liquid fatty acids. The conical body is provided with a conical liquid guiding surface 76. Multiple ribs 78 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the conical liquid guiding surface 76. Each rib 78 extends obliquely in the longitudinal direction, and a guide groove 79 is formed between every two adjacent ribs 78. The multiple ribs 78 can buffer the falling liquid fatty acids and divide the falling liquid fatty acids into multiple streams that flow downward into the liquid collection area 72 along the guide groove 79. This not only slows down the falling speed of the liquid fatty acids but also prevents the liquid fatty acids from hanging on the conical liquid guiding surface 761, so that the falling liquid fatty acids can flow smoothly into the liquid collection area 72.

[0050] Furthermore, when the high-temperature mixed steam rises to the upper opening of the hollow tube 73, the cone-shaped body easily obstructs the steam. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower end of the cone-shaped body has a bottom surface 761, and an inverted cone-shaped body is connected to the bottom surface 761. The inverted cone-shaped body has an inverted cone-shaped air guiding surface 77. The cross-sectional area of ​​the inverted cone-shaped air guiding surface 77 gradually increases from bottom to top. Therefore, the inverted cone-shaped air guiding surface 77 causes the rising gas to diffuse outward and exit through the channel 77, allowing the high-temperature mixed steam to quickly rise and pass through the liquid collecting plate 7.

[0051] Furthermore, to prevent the liquid fatty acids falling into the collection pan 7 from flowing back into the distillation vessel 1 along the inverted conical air guide surface 77, the top of the inverted conical body has a top surface 771 that is connected to the bottom surface 761 of the conical body. The top surface 771 is surrounded by the bottom surface 761, thereby preventing the falling liquid fatty acids from contacting the inverted conical air guide surface 77 and allowing the liquid fatty acids to fall smoothly into the collection pan 1.

[0052] Furthermore, the cone-shaped and inverted cone-shaped bodies can be either conical or pyramidal structures. And to ensure the lightweight and low-cost operation of the liquid collection tray 7, the cone-shaped and inverted cone-shaped bodies are closed hollow structures.

[0053] Furthermore, to ensure the receiving effect of the liquid collection tray 7, the liquid collection tray 7 includes a base and a retaining part 7a integrally formed at the bottom edge. The retaining part 7a extends upward beyond the upper end of the liquid collection tray 7 to prevent the liquid fatty acids falling into the liquid collection area 72 from overflowing. The upper opening of the hollow tube 73 extends upward beyond the retaining part 7a to prevent the liquid fatty acids in the liquid collection area 72 from flowing back into the hollow tube 73.

[0054] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the support portion 74 is a rod-shaped structure that occupies less space and facilitates the upward flow of gas. In addition, the number of support portions 74 should be within a reasonable range. If there are too many support portions 74, the width of the through groove 75 will become smaller, resulting in poor gas flow. If there are too few support portions 74, it will be difficult to provide stable support for the cone. Therefore, in this embodiment, the number of support portions 74 is in the range of 2-6, which takes into account both the structural stability of the cone and the smooth flow of gas.

[0055] Furthermore, when the falling liquid fatty acids come into contact with the prism plate 78, most of the liquid fatty acids will be broken down and enter the guide channel 79. However, a small portion of the liquid fatty acids will still be stuck on the prism plate 78. To avoid this phenomenon, in this embodiment, the prism plate 78 is triangular or trapezoidal, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the prism plate 78 gradually decreases from top to bottom. This makes the contact area between the small portion of liquid fatty acids and the prism plate 78 smaller and smaller as the liquid fatty acids flow downward under the action of gravity, and gradually enter the guide channel 79, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the liquid collection tray 7.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 3-9As shown, the high-temperature mixed vapor passing through the packing 3 needs to maintain a stable flow rate to optimize the condensation efficiency of fatty acids. However, in actual production, as the mixture in the distillation vessel 1 heats and reacts, the flow rate of the rising high-temperature vapor becomes difficult to control. Initially, the mixture reaction is not vigorous, resulting in a slow rising flow rate of the high-temperature vapor. After heating for a period of time, the rising flow rate of the high-temperature vapor increases. To avoid the uncertain gas flow rate significantly affecting the fatty acid production process, the aforementioned adjustment mechanism is provided between the packing 3 and the vertical condensation assembly 4 in this embodiment. The adjustment mechanism is equivalent to a flow rate adjustment module 5, including a vertically extending airflow pipe 51, and deceleration and acceleration adjustment components respectively located at the upper and lower inlets of the airflow pipe 51. The regulating component includes multiple first speed regulating plates 52 that are evenly distributed circumferentially and rotatably connected to the lower opening of the airflow duct 51; the deceleration regulating component includes multiple second speed regulating plates 53 that are evenly distributed circumferentially and rotatably connected to the upper opening of the airflow duct 51, with each of the multiple second speed regulating plates 53 corresponding to one of the multiple first speed regulating plates 52; the corresponding first speed regulating plates 52 and second speed regulating plates 53 have a linkage mechanism; in the initial state, the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 open outwards and form a conical acceleration channel that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom between them and the lower opening of the airflow duct 51, and the multiple second speed regulating plates 53 close inwards to a vertical state; the principle of acceleration by the conical acceleration channel is the existing Laval tube principle, that is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe through which the airflow passes suddenly decreases, thereby increasing the airflow velocity, and the specific principle will not be elaborated here;

[0057] The regulating mechanism has acceleration mode, constant speed mode, and deceleration mode. When the velocity of the rising airflow gradually increases and is less than the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism is in acceleration mode. At this time, multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are further opened under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow is accelerated through the conical acceleration pipe and then passes upward through the airflow pipe 51. When the gas velocity gradually increases and equals the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism switches to constant speed mode. Multiple first speed regulating plates 52 are opened outward to a horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes upward through the airflow pipe 51 at the predetermined speed. When the gas velocity is greater than the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism switches to deceleration mode. The first speed regulating plates 52 are flipped upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and are linked by the linkage mechanism to open outward through the corresponding second speed regulating plates 53, so that multiple second speed regulating plates 53 and the upper pipe opening form an inverted conical deceleration channel that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so that the airflow after passing upward through the airflow pipe 51 passes through the inverted conical deceleration channel to reduce the flow velocity. This allows the high-temperature mixed vapor containing fatty acids to rise at a relatively stable speed and enter the vertical condenser assembly 4, ensuring the condensation effect and improving the fatty acid production efficiency.

[0058] Furthermore, the specific structure of the linkage mechanism is as follows: The linkage mechanism includes a linkage assembly and a linkage component. The linkage assembly includes a first linkage 55 and a second linkage 55. The linkage component includes a base 56a connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct 51. A sliding member 56 is slidably connected to the base 56a. The sliding member 56 has a linkage portion 561 extending beyond the base 56a. The base 56a has grooves 56b on both sides, and the sliding member 56 has a linkage portion 561 extending beyond the base 56a. The sliding member 56 is rod-shaped, and the linkage portion 561 extends beyond the grooves 56b. The two ends of the first linkage 55 are respectively hinged to the first speed regulating plate 52 and... On the sliding member 56, the linkage assembly also includes a rotating seat 571 and a rotating rod 57 hinged on the rotating seat 571. The rotating rod 57 and the linkage part 561 are positioned correspondingly. The two ends of the second connecting rod 55 are respectively hinged to the second speed regulating plate 53 and the rotating rod 57. When the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 open outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates 52 drive the sliding member 56 to slide through the first connecting rod 55 and make the linkage part 561 approach the rotating rod 57. When the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 flip upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member 56 continues to slide and makes the linkage part 561 act on the rotating rod 57 to rotate, so as to link the multiple closed second speed regulating plates 53 to open outward.

[0059] Furthermore, since the linkage structure is a hinged linkage structure, to prevent excessive deformation of the linkage structure, the rotating rod 57 has a maximum rotation angle, and the rotating seat 571 is provided with a limiting part 572. When the rotating rod 57 rotates to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod 57 abuts against the limiting part 572 to prevent the rotating rod 57 from rotating continuously; to avoid excessive rotation of the rotating rod 57, thereby facilitating the reset of the rotating rod 57.

[0060] Furthermore, in this embodiment, two second connecting rods 55 are hinged on the second speed regulating plate 53. The outer wall of the airflow duct 51 is provided with a linkage seat and a rotating rod 57 that cooperate with the corresponding second connecting rod 55. The base 56a is located between the two rotating seats 571. The sliding member 56 has two linkage parts 561 that extend beyond the base 56a and cooperate with the corresponding rotating rods 57. The symmetrical arrangement allows the first speed regulating plate 53 to form a sufficient linkage force on the second speed regulating plate 53.

[0061] Furthermore, to prevent gaps between two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52 and between two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53, and to ensure the stability of the airflow, a first elastic sheet 521 is connected between two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52. When multiple first speed regulating plates 52 open outward, the first elastic sheet 521 undergoes elastic deformation and seals the space between two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52. A second elastic sheet 531 is connected between two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53. When multiple second speed regulating plates 53 open outward, the second elastic sheet 531 undergoes elastic deformation and seals the space between two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53. To prevent gaps from forming between two adjacent first speed regulating plates 52 and between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates 53, ensuring the stability of the airflow upward; the first elastic sheet 521 and the second elastic sheet 531 are both made of elastic sheet material, such as rubber material. The first elastic sheet 521 and the second elastic sheet 531 can also be folded structures, for example, the sheet material is pre-folded along a wave shape to form a folded structure that can be opened or closed, similar to the structure of a folding fan.

[0062] Furthermore, in actual production, the rising airflow acts on the first speed regulating plate 52. When processing stops, the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 need to be reset to their initial state. Therefore, in this embodiment, elastic elements are provided between the first speed regulating plate 52 and the airflow pipe 51, and between the second speed regulating plate 53 and the airflow pipe 51. The corresponding elastic elements act on the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53, so that the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 always have a tendency to reset to their initial state. Specifically, the rotating connection between the first speed regulating plate 52 and the lower opening of the airflow pipe 51 forms a first hinge end, and the rotating connection between the second speed regulating plate 53 and the upper opening of the airflow pipe 51 forms a second hinge end. The elastic element is a torsion spring (not shown) located at the first hinge end and the second hinge end. The torsion spring occupies less space and is convenient for structural layout.

[0063] Furthermore, such as Figure 12 As shown, the cross-section of the airflow duct 51 in this embodiment is circular, which makes it inconvenient to install the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53. Therefore, in order to facilitate the installation of the first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53, the upper and lower pipe openings of the airflow duct 51 are connected to the mounting parts 58 with a polygonal cross-section. The mounting parts 58 have multiple adjacent edges, and the edges are provided with protruding hinge parts 581. The first speed regulating plate 52 and the second speed regulating plate 53 are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge parts 581.

[0064] like Figure 16As shown, the gas flow duct 51 is also located inside the distillation column 2. An annular ramp is installed on the inner wall of the distillation column 2, and screw holes are provided on the annular ramp. An installation ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the gas flow duct 51. The installation ring is provided with multiple waist-shaped grooves that avoid the second connecting rod 55 and installation holes that are circumferentially spaced from the waist-shaped grooves. The positions of the installation holes and screw holes correspond one-to-one. By locking the installation ring and the annular ramp, the adjustment mechanism 5 is installed between the packing 3 and the vertical condenser assembly 4 inside the distillation column 2.

[0065] Furthermore, after the high-temperature mixed vapor passes through the condenser tube 42 of the lowest shell-and-tube condenser 41, the fatty acid monomers at the corresponding condensation point condense into liquid. However, the rising vapor can easily carry a small amount of liquid droplets into the upper shell-and-tube condenser 41, where the condensation temperature is lower. At the lower condensation temperature, these droplets easily condense on the tube wall of the condenser tube 42, causing blockage. To isolate the droplets and ensure smooth condensation, a 500mm high installation space is left between every two adjacent condenser tubes 42. A liquid-blocking mesh assembly 6 is installed in this space to isolate the liquid. Figure 13-15 As shown, the liquid-blocking mesh assembly 6 includes multiple vertically and closely arranged corrugated wire meshes 61. Between two adjacent corrugated wire meshes 61, there is a corrugated channel 63 extending in a corrugated shape. The multiple corrugated channels 63 constitute a corrugated channel group. The corrugated wire meshes 61 have multiple liquid-blocking through holes for blocking liquid droplets. High-temperature mixed vapor passes upward through the corrugated channel group, and the multiple liquid-blocking through holes block the mixed liquid carried by the high-temperature mixed vapor below the corresponding condenser tube 42. This is to prevent the mixed vapor from sending some of the entrained liquid fatty acids into the condenser tube 42 of the upper shell-and-tube condenser 41 after rising, and to avoid the fatty acid monomers with higher condensation temperature from condensing in the condenser tube 43 of the previous shell-and-tube condenser 41 with a lower condensation temperature, thus ensuring the fatty acid production process can proceed.

[0066] Furthermore, such as Figure 15 As shown, multiple wave meshes 61 constitute a wave mesh group, and multiple wave mesh groups arranged vertically are provided inside the annular clamp. To ensure the liquid isolation effect, two layers of wave mesh groups are provided inside the annular clamp in this embodiment. If two adjacent wave channel groups are aligned with each other, the multiple wave meshes 61 can only form a single barrier for the liquid droplets in the high-temperature steam. Therefore, to provide a barrier effect, in this embodiment, every two adjacent wave channel groups are staggered to form multiple barriers for the mixed liquid carried by the rising high-temperature mixed steam. After the high-temperature mixed steam passes through one layer of wave channel group, the upper layer of wave mesh group will block the high-temperature mixed steam again to block part of the liquid fatty acids in the mixed steam as much as possible.

[0067] Furthermore, to facilitate the installation of multiple corrugated wire meshes 61, the annular clamp includes multiple interlocking annular sub-clamps 62. Each annular sub-clamp 62 has a corresponding liquid-separating mesh assembly 6 installed inside. Each annular sub-clamp 62 can rotate along the vertical axis and stop at a corresponding position to adjust the staggered angle of the two corrugated groove groups in two adjacent liquid-separating mesh assemblies 6. Specifically, one end of the annular sub-clamp 62 is provided with a flange ring 621. Multiple positioning holes 622 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the flange ring 621. The flange rings 621 of every two adjacent annular sub-clamps 62 are interlocked. After the corresponding annular sub-clamp 62 rotates to the predetermined position, the positioning holes 622 of the two adjacent flange rings 621 correspond one-to-one and are locked with screws. To facilitate installation, an overlapping ring plate is installed on the inner wall of the distillation column 2. The locked flange ring 621 can also be placed on the overlapping ring plate on the inner wall of the distillation column 2 for fixation.

[0068] Furthermore, the corrugated liquid barrier 61 is a corrugated wire mesh formed by multiple interlaced stainless steel wires, with the wire diameter ranging from 1.2mm to 1.8mm, to form fine liquid-blocking holes. The corrugated liquid barrier 61 includes multiple equally spaced bent sections, with a vertical unit perforated plate 611 formed between every two adjacent bent sections. To facilitate installation and ensure the liquid-blocking effect, the included angle between every two unit perforated plates 611 is 60°, and the vertical height of the unit perforated plate 611 ranges from 45mm to 60mm. In order to ensure that high-temperature steam can pass through while effectively blocking liquid droplets, in this embodiment, the mesh count of the liquid-blocking holes on the corrugated liquid barrier 61 ranges from 110 to 125, where mesh count refers to the number of liquid-blocking holes per square centimeter.

[0069] Furthermore, if the temperature of the corresponding condenser is still too high and does not meet the requirements after the coolant in the last-stage shell-and-tube condenser flows downward into the next shell-and-tube condenser, it is necessary to increase the coolant flow rate. Specifically, a condensing temperature regulating component is installed on the vertical condensing assembly 4. The condensing temperature regulating component includes a controller and a temperature sensing element 49. The temperature sensing element 49 is installed at the outlet pipe 46 of the last-stage shell-and-tube condenser. The temperature sensing element 49 is usually a thermometer electrically connected to the controller. The last-stage shell-and-tube condenser supplies coolant to the inlet pipe 45 through a conveying device. The conveying device includes a liquid storage tank 451 and a power transmission component. The power transmission component can be a motor (not shown) electrically connected to the controller. The motor is usually connected to a gear pump ( (Not shown) The transmission connects and delivers the coolant to the cooling channel 43 of the final shell-and-tube condenser; the controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element 49 and the delivery device; the temperature sensing element 49 detects the cooling temperature and sends a detection signal back to the controller, which then determines whether to control the delivery device to increase the coolant delivery rate based on the detection signal; for example, when the temperature sensing element 49 detects that the condensation temperature in the corresponding shell-and-tube condenser 41 meets the standard, the temperature sensing element 49 will not send a signal to the controller, allowing the coolant to enter the cooling channel of the final shell-and-tube condenser at a normal rate; when the temperature sensing element 49 detects that the condensation temperature in the corresponding shell-and-tube condenser 41 does not meet the standard, it will send a signal to the delivery device to increase the coolant delivery rate, so that the condensation temperature in each shell-and-tube condenser 41 is in a stable state.

[0070] Furthermore, in addition to increasing the coolant flow rate to the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser, this embodiment can also control the condensing temperature through another design. Specifically, a condensing temperature regulating component is installed on the vertical condensing assembly 4. The condensing temperature regulating component includes a controller and a temperature sensing element 49. The temperature sensing element 49 is typically a thermometer electrically connected to the controller. Except for the final-stage shell-and-tube condenser, the temperature sensing element 49 is installed at the outlet pipe 46 position of each of the remaining shell-and-tube condensers 41. Each of the remaining shell-and-tube condensers 41 is also equipped with a replenishment pipe 48 communicating with the corresponding cooling channel 43. A replenishment device 481 for replenishing coolant into the corresponding cooling channel 43 is connected to the replenishment pipe 48. The replenishment device 481 is structurally similar to the conveying device. Similarly, the controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element 49 and the coolant replenishment device 481. The temperature sensing element 49 at the corresponding position detects the cooling temperature and sends a detection signal back to the controller. The controller determines whether to control the corresponding coolant replenishment device 481 to replenish coolant into the corresponding cooling channel 43 based on the detection signal. For example, when the temperature sensing element 49 detects that the condensing temperature in the corresponding shell-and-tube condenser 41 meets the standard, the temperature sensing element 49 will not send a signal to the controller, and the coolant replenishment device will not work at this time. When the temperature sensing element 49 detects that the condensing temperature in the corresponding shell-and-tube condenser 41 does not meet the standard, it will send a signal to the delivery device to make the coolant replenishment device work and pass coolant into the corresponding shell-and-tube condenser 41, so that the condensing temperature in each shell-and-tube condenser 41 is in a stable state.

[0071] Example 2: As Figure 17-18 As shown, this embodiment provides another linkage mechanism, which includes a transmission component and a linkage component. The linkage component includes a mounting base 59 and a linkage member. The linkage member includes a rotating shaft 591 rotatably connected to the mounting base 59. Both ends of the rotating shaft 591 extend beyond the mounting base 59, and both rotating ends are respectively provided with gears 592 and winding portions 593. The transmission component includes a first connecting rod 54 and a transmission cable 53a. The transmission cable 53a can be a steel wire or rope made of corrosion-resistant material. One end of the first connecting rod 54 is hinged to the first speed regulating plate 52, and the other end of the first connecting rod 54 is hinged to a sliding rack 594 corresponding to the position of the gear 592. One end of the transmission cable 53a is connected to... Connected to the second speed regulating plate 53, the other end of the transmission cable 53a is connected to the winding part 593, which is equivalent to a spool. When the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 open outward to a horizontal state, the first speed regulating plates 52 cause the sliding rack 594 to approach the gear 592 through the first connecting rod 54. When the multiple first speed regulating plates 52 flip upward from the horizontal state, the sliding rack 594 engages with the gear 592 in transmission, and the winding part 593 is linked to wind and tighten the transmission cable 53a, causing the multiple closed second speed regulating plates 53 to open outward. This linkage mechanism can also make the first speed regulating plates 52 and the second speed regulating plates 53 work together to ensure the adjustment effect of the adjustment mechanism.

[0072] Furthermore, the installation structure of the sliding rack 594 is as follows: To facilitate installation and layout, the mounting base 59 is provided with a guide groove 596, and the sliding rack 594 is provided with a sliding rib 595, which is slidably connected in the guide groove 596; while allowing the sliding rack 594 to slide, the space occupied by the linkage mechanism is further saved, and the structural layout is optimized.

Claims

1. An adjustment mechanism, characterized in that, The system includes an airflow duct (51) extending vertically, a deceleration adjustment assembly and an acceleration adjustment assembly respectively located at the upper and lower openings of the airflow duct (51). The acceleration adjustment assembly includes multiple first speed regulating plates (52) evenly distributed circumferentially and rotatably connected to the lower opening of the airflow duct (51). The deceleration adjustment assembly includes multiple second speed regulating plates (53) evenly distributed circumferentially and rotatably connected to the upper opening of the airflow duct (51). The multiple second speed regulating plates (53) correspond one-to-one with the multiple first speed regulating plates (52). The corresponding first speed regulating plates (52) and second speed regulating plates (53) have a linkage mechanism. In the initial state, the multiple first speed regulating plates (52) open outward and form a tapered acceleration channel that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom between them and the lower opening of the airflow duct (51). The multiple second speed regulating plates (53) close inward to a vertical state. The regulating mechanism has an acceleration mode, a constant speed mode, and a deceleration mode. When the velocity of the rising airflow gradually increases and is less than the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism is in the acceleration mode. At this time, multiple first speed regulating plates (52) are further opened under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow is accelerated through the conical acceleration pipe and then passes upward through the airflow pipe (51). When the gas velocity gradually increases and is equal to the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism switches to the constant speed mode. Multiple first speed regulating plates (52) are opened outward to the horizontal state under the action of the airflow, so that the airflow passes upward through the airflow pipe (51) at the predetermined speed. When the gas velocity is greater than the predetermined speed, the regulating mechanism switches to the deceleration mode. The first speed regulating plates (52) are flipped upward from the horizontal state under the action of the airflow and are linked by the linkage mechanism to open outward through the corresponding second speed regulating plates (53), so that multiple second speed regulating plates (53) and the upper pipe opening form an inverted conical deceleration channel that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so that the airflow after passing upward through the airflow pipe (51) passes through the inverted conical deceleration channel to reduce the flow velocity.

2. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism includes a linkage assembly and a linkage component. The linkage assembly includes a first linkage (54) and a second linkage (55). The linkage component includes a base (56a) connected to the outer wall of the airflow duct (51). A sliding member (56) is slidably connected to the base (56a). The sliding member (56) has a linkage part (561) extending beyond the base (56a). The two ends of the first linkage (54) are respectively hinged to the first speed regulating plate (52) and the sliding member (56). The linkage component also includes a rotating seat (571) and a rotating rod (57) hinged to the rotating seat (571). Corresponding to the position of the linkage part (561); the two ends of the second link (55) are respectively hinged to the second speed regulating plate (53) and the rotating rod (57). When the multiple first speed regulating plates (52) open outward to the horizontal state, the first speed regulating plate (52) drives the sliding member (56) to slide through the first link (54) and makes the linkage part (561) close to the rotating rod (57); when the multiple first speed regulating plates (52) flip upward from the horizontal state, the sliding member (56) continues to slide and makes the linkage part (561) act on the rotating rod (57) to rotate, so as to link the multiple closed second speed regulating plates (53) to open outward.

3. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating rod (57) has a maximum rotation angle, and the rotating seat (571) is provided with a limiting part (572). When the rotating rod (57) rotates to the maximum rotation angle, the rotating rod (57) abuts against the limiting part (572) to prevent the rotating rod (57) from rotating continuously.

4. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second speed regulating plate (53) is hinged with two second connecting rods (55). The outer wall of the airflow pipe (51) is provided with a linkage seat and a rotating rod (57) that cooperate with the corresponding second connecting rod (55). The base (56a) is located between the two rotating seats (571). The sliding member (56) has two linkage parts (561) that extend beyond the base (56a) and cooperate with the corresponding rotating rod (57).

5. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first elastic plate (521) is connected between every two adjacent first speed regulating plates (52). When multiple first speed regulating plates (52) open outward, the first elastic plate (521) undergoes elastic deformation and forms a seal between the two adjacent first speed regulating plates (52). A second elastic plate (531) is connected between every two adjacent second speed regulating plates (53). When multiple second speed regulating plates (53) open outward, the second elastic plate (531) undergoes elastic deformation and forms a seal between the two adjacent second speed regulating plates (53).

6. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Elastic elements are provided between the first speed regulating plate (52) and the airflow pipe (51), and between the second speed regulating plate (53) and the airflow pipe (51). The corresponding elastic elements act on the first speed regulating plate (52) and the second speed regulating plate (53), so that the first speed regulating plate (52) and the second speed regulating plate (53) always have a tendency to reset to the initial state.

7. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first hinge end is formed at the rotatable connection between the first speed regulating plate (52) and the lower pipe opening of the airflow pipe (51), and the second hinge end is formed at the rotatable connection between the second speed regulating plate (53) and the upper pipe opening of the airflow pipe (51). The elastic element is a torsion spring located at the first hinge end and the second hinge end.

8. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower openings of the airflow duct (51) are connected to mounting parts (58) with a polygonal cross-section. The mounting parts (58) have multiple adjacent edges, and the edges are provided with protruding hinge parts (581). The first speed regulating plate (52) and the second speed regulating plate (53) are rotatably connected to the corresponding hinge parts (581).

9. The adjusting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a linkage assembly. The linkage assembly includes a mounting base (59) and a linkage component. The linkage component includes a rotating shaft (591) rotatably connected to the mounting base (59). Both ends of the rotating shaft (591) extend beyond the mounting base (59), and both ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with a gear (592) and a winding part (593). The transmission assembly includes a first connecting rod (54) and a transmission cable (53a). One end of the first connecting rod (54) is hinged to the first speed regulating plate (52), and the other end of the first connecting rod (54) is hinged to a sliding rack (594) corresponding to the position of the gear (592). The transmission cable... One end of (53a) is connected to the second speed regulating plate (53), and the other end of the transmission cable (53a) is connected to the winding part (593). When the multiple first speed regulating plates (52) open outward to the horizontal state, the first speed regulating plate (52) causes the sliding rack (594) to approach the gear (592) through the first connecting rod (54). When the multiple first speed regulating plates (52) flip upward from the horizontal state, the sliding rack (594) and the gear (592) are in transmission cooperation, and the winding part (593) is linked to wind and tighten the transmission cable (53a), so that the multiple closed second speed regulating plates (53) open outward.

10. An adjusting mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: The mounting base (59) is provided with a guide groove (596), and the sliding rack (594) is provided with a sliding rib (595), which is slidably connected in the guide groove (596).

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