Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and discloses a photovoltaic module, which comprises a photovoltaic module body and a colorful adhesive film layer, and the colorful adhesive film layer is arranged on the light facing side of the photovoltaic module body. Wherein the dazzling adhesive film layer is a photonic crystal film layer, or the dazzling adhesive film layer comprises a transparent adhesive film and photonic crystal particles, the transparent adhesive film is arranged on the light facing side of the photovoltaic module body, and the photonic crystal particles are located between the photovoltaic module body and the transparent adhesive film. Compared with an assembly using colored glazed glass, the photovoltaic assembly provided by the utility model uses the high-transmittance dazzling adhesive film layer, has higher light transmittance, better weather resistance and lower production cost, can maintain higher generating capacity, and can bring better sensory experience due to the dazzling color of the adhesive film.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically to photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional colored photovoltaic products typically use enamel glass to achieve a vibrant appearance. However, high-temperature enamel glass generally has low light transmittance (60%-70%), which significantly impacts the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules. Even though low-temperature enamel glass or screen-printed glass can achieve light transmittance exceeding 70%, their poor weather resistance greatly reduces their practical performance. Furthermore, materials such as enamel glass and screen-printed glass are prone to delamination, reduced transmittance, and discoloration when exposed to the natural environment for extended periods, leading to a decline in photovoltaic module performance and affecting its lifespan and aesthetics.

[0003] Furthermore, the complex and costly production process of high-temperature treated enamel glass limits its large-scale application. In contrast, while low-temperature enamel glass and screen-printed glass offer lower costs, their performance limitations make their economic benefits less pronounced. Additionally, traditional enamel glass offers relatively limited color choices, failing to meet the diverse color and pattern demands of modern architectural design. The high cost of customized colors further restricts its application in personalized architecture. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module to solve the problems of low light transmittance, high cost and poor weather resistance of existing photovoltaic structures in the background art, and achieves the following technical effects: compared with colored glaze glass, the colorful film layer has higher light transmittance, better weather resistance and lower production cost, can maintain higher power generation, and the colorful film can also bring a better sensory experience.

[0005] This utility model provides a photovoltaic module, including a photovoltaic module body and a color-enhancing film layer, wherein the color-enhancing film layer is disposed on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body;

[0006] The color-enhancing film layer is a photonic crystal film layer, or the color-enhancing film layer includes a transparent film and photonic crystal particles, wherein the transparent film is disposed on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body, and the photonic crystal particles are located between the photovoltaic module body and the transparent film.

[0007] According to this utility model, the photovoltaic module, by setting a vibrant color film layer containing photonic crystals on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body, can provide a rich selection of colors while maintaining high light transmittance. This ensures both the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module and meets the aesthetic requirements of architectural design. Furthermore, compared to high-temperature treated colored enamel glass, the cost of using the vibrant color film layer is lower, and the production process is more flexible and simpler, making it suitable for large-scale production and application.

[0008] In addition, photonic crystal materials typically have good stability and durability, and are not easily degraded by environmental factors (such as temperature changes, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation), which helps to extend the service life of photovoltaic modules and maintain long-term stable performance.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, when the dazzling adhesive film layer is a photonic crystal film layer, the photonic crystal film layer is a photonic crystal film layer that can absorb or reflect ultraviolet light.

[0010] Alternatively, if the iridescent film layer includes a transparent film and photonic crystal particles, the photonic crystal particles are photonic crystal particles that can absorb or reflect ultraviolet light.

[0011] Beneficial effects: Specific photonic crystal films or photonic crystal particles can limit the propagation of ultraviolet rays or reflect them according to the photonic bandgap, preventing ultraviolet rays from directly irradiating the perovskite solar cells or other sensitive layers below, and reducing material aging and performance degradation caused by ultraviolet rays.

[0012] Furthermore, due to the effective absorption or reflection of ultraviolet rays, the weather resistance and long-term stability of the entire photovoltaic module are significantly improved, extending its service life and maintaining color consistency and durability.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, when the iridescent film layer comprises a transparent film and photonic crystal particles, the material of the transparent film is any one of polyolefin elastomer, olefin-vinyl acetate copolymer, and vinyl butyral.

[0014] Beneficial effects: By providing a variety of optional materials, transparent films can be selected according to different application scenarios and usage requirements, thereby improving their performance and expanding their application scenarios. Most importantly, it meets the light transmission requirement, ensuring that light can pass through; high-transmittance films are preferred to reduce light loss.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, an encapsulation layer is provided on the side of the colorful adhesive film layer facing away from the photovoltaic module body, and the encapsulation layer is bonded to the photovoltaic module body through the colorful adhesive film layer.

[0016] Beneficial effects: On the one hand, the encapsulation layer has excellent weather resistance, which can resist the effects of ultraviolet rays, temperature changes and humidity, protect the color film layer, ensure long-term stable performance, and provide additional physical protection for photovoltaic modules.

[0017] On the other hand, the encapsulation layer is firmly bonded to the photovoltaic module body through the colorful adhesive film layer. By selecting the functions of the encapsulation layer, effects such as impact resistance, wear and scratch resistance, heat preservation and sound insulation can be achieved.

[0018] In one alternative embodiment, the side of the colored film layer opposite to the photovoltaic module body includes an uneven first non-planar structure.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The uneven, non-planar structure increases the refractive index of light, reduces light loss, and thus further improves the performance of photovoltaic modules. Simultaneously, the non-planar structure design of the color-changing encapsulating film allows for the creation of specific patterns, enhancing the aesthetics of the photovoltaic cells and meeting users' customized design needs.

[0020] In one optional embodiment, the side of the iridescent adhesive film layer facing the encapsulation layer forms a first non-planar structure with unevenness, and correspondingly, the side of the encapsulation layer facing the iridescent adhesive film layer forms a second non-planar structure with unevenness, the first non-planar structure and the second non-planar structure having matching shapes.

[0021] Beneficial effects: While meeting users' customized design needs, the uneven, non-planar structure can also increase the refractive index of light, thereby improving the light transmittance and further enhancing the performance of photovoltaic modules.

[0022] In one alternative embodiment, the colorful adhesive film layer is bonded to the encapsulation layer by lamination or autoclaving.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Lamination is suitable for large-scale production and can ensure a uniform and consistent bonding effect; autoclaving can more precisely control temperature and pressure parameters and is suitable for the packaging needs of complex structures or special materials.

[0024] In one alternative embodiment, the encapsulation layer is encapsulation glass or a flexible protective layer.

[0025] Beneficial effects: By providing a variety of optional materials, the encapsulation layer can select different materials according to different application scenarios and usage requirements, thereby improving its performance and expanding its application scenarios.

[0026] In one optional embodiment, the photovoltaic module body includes a stacked glass front panel, photovoltaic cells and a back panel, wherein an edge seal is provided in the edge region between the glass front panel and the back panel, and the photovoltaic cells are disposed within the enclosed area of ​​the edge seal.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The color-enhancing film can be directly applied to conventional photovoltaic modules to achieve a vibrant color effect. In one optional embodiment, the photovoltaic module body includes photovoltaic cells and a backsheet, wherein the backsheet is made of a lightweight material, the color-enhancing film layer is disposed on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic cells, and the backsheet is disposed on the shaded side of the photovoltaic cells.

[0028] Beneficial effects: The back panel provides physical protection against damage to internal components from external environments (such as moisture, dust, and mechanical damage). Simultaneously, its excellent electrical insulation properties ensure safe operation. Most importantly, the lightweight materials used in the back panel reduce overall weight, facilitating installation and transportation, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring load-bearing capacity, such as rooftops or building facades.

[0029] In one optional embodiment, the photovoltaic module body is any one of crystalline silicon solar cell module, copper indium gallium selenide solar cell module, perovskite solar cell module, and chromium telluride solar cell module.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Taking perovskite solar cell modules as an example, by utilizing the excellent low-temperature power coefficient and weak light power generation performance of perovskite, high-transmittance colored encapsulant films are combined with perovskite photovoltaic modules and applied to the field of building-integrated photovoltaic systems. While maintaining the high power generation of photovoltaic modules, the appearance of photovoltaic modules can be customized to meet the new needs of modern buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 1. Colorful adhesive film layer; 2. Photovoltaic module body; 21. Glass front panel; 22. Photovoltaic cell; 23. Edge sealant; 24. Back sheet; 3. Encapsulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this embodiment of the utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a photovoltaic module provided by this utility model.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photovoltaic module body 2 and a color-changing film layer 1, which is disposed on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body 2. The color-changing film layer 1 contains a photonic crystal, which is a material with different refractive indices arranged periodically in space to achieve control over specific wavelengths, thereby maintaining the high transmittance of the color-changing film layer 1 while giving it a brilliant color appearance.

[0042] It should be explained that the photonic crystal in the iridescent film layer 1 is composed of materials with different refractive indices, and these materials are arranged according to a specific spatial period. This periodic structure endows the photonic crystal with unique optical properties.

[0043] Based on the inherent characteristics of photonic crystals, on the one hand, by adjusting the composition and arrangement of the materials within the photonic crystal, it is possible to precisely control which wavelengths of light are reflected or transmitted. This allows for customization of the color performance of photovoltaic modules as needed, while ensuring high transmittance for other wavelengths within the visible spectrum, thus not affecting power generation efficiency. On the other hand, due to the selective reflection characteristics of photonic crystals, when sunlight shines on the color-changing film layer 1, only specific wavelengths of light are scattered, creating a dazzling and colorful visual effect. Most of the other wavelengths of light can penetrate the film layer and reach the photovoltaic cell, maintaining efficient energy conversion.

[0044] In summary, the photovoltaic module of this invention, by setting a color-enhancing film layer 1 containing photonic crystals on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body 2, can provide a rich selection of colors while maintaining high light transmittance. This ensures both the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module and meets the aesthetic requirements of architectural design. Furthermore, compared to high-temperature treated colored enamel glass, the cost of using the color-enhancing film layer 1 is lower, and the production process is more flexible and simpler, making it suitable for large-scale production and application.

[0045] In addition, photonic crystal materials typically have good stability and durability, and are not easily degraded by environmental factors (such as temperature changes, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation), which helps to extend the service life of photovoltaic modules and maintain long-term stable performance.

[0046] Furthermore, given the presence of a photonic crystal, the color-enhancing film layer 1 of this invention can adopt various structural forms. Two specific structural forms are given below:

[0047] Specifically, in one embodiment, the color-changing adhesive film layer 1 is a photonic crystal film layer (not shown in the figure).

[0048] It should be explained that photonic crystal films are composed of a periodic arrangement of materials with different refractive indices. Within the photonic crystal film, high-refractive-index materials (such as TiO₂ and Nb₂O₃) and low-refractive-index materials (such as SiO₂ and air pores) are arranged alternately, forming a periodic change in dielectric constant. These materials are arranged according to a precisely designed spatial period, typically in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure. The periodic arrangement can be columnar, spherical particle arrays, or other geometries, depending on the desired optical effects and manufacturing process.

[0049] It is understandable that, due to the presence of its internal periodic structure, the photonic crystal film can produce a strong reflection or blocking effect on light within a specific wavelength range, forming the so-called "photonic bandgap". For light wavelengths falling within the photonic bandgap, any light attempting to penetrate this structure will be scattered and interfered with multiple times, and will eventually be almost completely reflected.

[0050] Specifically, in another embodiment, the color-enhancing film layer 1 includes a transparent film (not shown in the figure) and photonic crystal particles (not shown in the figure), wherein the transparent film is disposed on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body 2, and the photonic crystal particles are located between the photovoltaic module body 2 and the transparent film.

[0051] In this embodiment, the transparent film is attached to the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body 2 as a physical protective layer, and the transparent film also ensures high light transmittance to the wavelengths in the visible spectrum used for power generation.

[0052] The photonic crystal particles are located between the photovoltaic module body 2 and the transparent film, embedded inside the transparent film or attached to its surface. These particles are composed of materials with different refractive indices, such as alternating high-refractive-index TiO2 or NbO particles with low-refractive-index SiO2 or air pores. Understandably, photonic crystals are relatively common materials on the market, and this solution is simply a direct application of photonic crystals.

[0053] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only some of the many embodiments of this utility model, and do not constitute a specific limitation on the structure of the color-changing adhesive film layer 1 of this utility model. The color-changing adhesive film layer 1 can also be expressed in other structural forms, as long as it contains a specific photonic crystal.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the dazzling adhesive film layer 1 is a photonic crystal film layer, the photonic crystal film layer is a photonic crystal film layer that can absorb or reflect ultraviolet light.

[0055] In this way, the photonic crystal film absorbs or reflects ultraviolet light, preventing ultraviolet rays from directly irradiating the perovskite solar cell or other sensitive layers below, thus reducing material aging and performance degradation caused by ultraviolet rays.

[0056] The weather resistance and long-term stability of the entire photovoltaic module have been significantly improved, extending its service life and maintaining color consistency and durability.

[0057] According to some other embodiments of the present invention, when the color-changing adhesive film layer 1 includes a transparent adhesive film and photonic crystal particles, the photonic crystal particles are photonic crystal particles that can absorb or reflect ultraviolet light.

[0058] In this embodiment, it is first necessary to explain that the photonic bandgap refers to the periodic change in dielectric constant within a photonic crystal particle, which can produce a reflection or blocking effect on light of a specific wavelength, thus forming a photonic bandgap.

[0059] Specifically, to achieve the purpose of absorbing ultraviolet light, this embodiment can incorporate materials capable of effectively absorbing ultraviolet light, such as certain metal oxides (e.g., TiO₂), organic dyes, or other compounds with ultraviolet absorption functions, into the photonic crystal particles. In this way, for ultraviolet wavelengths falling within the photonic bandgap, any light attempting to penetrate this structure will be scattered and interfered with multiple times, ultimately being almost completely reflected or absorbed.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the color-enhancing film layer 1 includes a transparent film and photonic crystal particles, the material of the transparent film is any one of POE, EVA, and PVB.

[0061] In this embodiment, the material of the transparent film can be any one of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer), EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), or PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral).

[0062] In this way, by providing a variety of optional materials, the transparent film can be made from different materials according to different application scenarios and usage requirements, thereby improving its performance and expanding its application scenarios. Most importantly, it must meet the light transmission requirement, ensuring that light can pass through; preferably, a high-transmittance film is selected to reduce light loss.

[0063] For example, POE (polyolefin elastomer) possesses excellent weather resistance, UV resistance, and good optical transparency. POE also exhibits high mechanical strength and flexibility, making it suitable for applications requiring long-term outdoor exposure. Therefore, POE can be used as a transparent encapsulating film in extreme climatic conditions when high durability and stability are required for photovoltaic modules.

[0064] For example, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is a widely used encapsulation material with good adhesion, transparency, and ease of processing. It effectively prevents moisture intrusion and remains flexible even at low temperatures. Therefore, when transparent films are made of EVA, they are less expensive, easier to mass-produce and install, and suitable for the manufacturing needs of most conventional photovoltaic modules.

[0065] For example, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) has excellent impact resistance and sound insulation, as well as good optical transparency and adhesion, and is commonly used in automotive glass and architectural safety glass. Therefore, in scenarios requiring high safety, transparent films can be made of PVB, such as in building exterior walls or rooftop integrated photovoltaic systems.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, according to some embodiments of the present invention, an encapsulation layer 3 is provided on the side of the colorful adhesive film layer 1 facing away from the photovoltaic module body 2, and the encapsulation layer 3 is bonded to the photovoltaic module body 2 through the colorful adhesive film layer 1.

[0067] Understandably, on the one hand, the encapsulation layer 3 has excellent weather resistance, which can resist the effects of ultraviolet rays, temperature changes and humidity, and ensure long-term stable performance. It can provide additional physical protection for photovoltaic modules and prevent external environment (such as moisture, dust and mechanical damage) from damaging internal components.

[0068] On the other hand, the encapsulation layer 3 is firmly bonded to the photovoltaic module body 2 through the colorful adhesive film layer 1. By selecting the functions of the encapsulation layer 3, effects such as impact resistance, wear and scratch resistance, heat preservation and sound insulation can be achieved.

[0069] In one alternative embodiment, the side of the colored film layer 1 facing away from the photovoltaic module body 2 includes an uneven first non-planar structure.

[0070] This uneven, non-planar structure increases the refractive index of light, reduces light loss, and thus further improves the performance of photovoltaic modules. Simultaneously, the non-planar structure design of the color-changing encapsulating film layer 1 allows for the creation of specific patterns, enhancing the aesthetics of the photovoltaic cells and meeting users' customized design needs.

[0071] Furthermore, the colorful adhesive film layer 1 is bonded to the encapsulation layer 3 through lamination or autoclaving processes.

[0072] For example, the bonding operation based on lamination is as follows: Pre-treated encapsulation material (such as encapsulation glass or a flexible protective layer) is placed together with the colored adhesive film layer 1 on the photovoltaic module body 2, and lamination is performed under certain temperature and pressure conditions. The laminate contains a preset pattern, which is formed on the colored adhesive film during lamination. In this way, the lamination process is suitable for large-scale production and can ensure a uniform and consistent bonding effect.

[0073] For example, the bonding operation based on autoclaving is as follows: Under vacuum and pressure, the encapsulation material and the colored adhesive film layer 1 are heated together and pressure is applied to ensure a tight bond. In this way, autoclaving allows for more precise control of temperature and pressure parameters, making it suitable for encapsulation needs of complex structures or special materials.

[0074] Furthermore, the encapsulation layer 3 is either encapsulation glass or a flexible protective layer. The encapsulation layer 3 may cover only the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module body 2, or it may cover the side area of ​​the photovoltaic module body 2 simultaneously. Among them, the encapsulation glass includes single-layer glass and double-layer laminated glass, etc., and the flexible protective layer includes waterproof film, flame-retardant film, fluorine film, wear-resistant film, etc.

[0075] For example, the encapsulation layer 3 can be a single layer of glass, such as ultra-clear glass or tempered glass. These materials can provide high transmittance and excellent weather resistance, making them suitable for applications requiring high strength and good optical performance.

[0076] For example, the encapsulation layer 3 can also be double-laminated glass, which consists of one or more layers of transparent adhesive film sandwiched between two pieces of glass. This not only improves impact resistance but also further enhances sound insulation and safety.

[0077] For example, when used in a humid environment, the encapsulation layer 3 can be a waterproof membrane with excellent waterproof performance to prevent moisture intrusion; or, in situations with high fire protection requirements, the encapsulation layer 3 can be a flame-retardant membrane with flame-retardant properties to improve safety performance; or, in installation positions that are prone to wear, the encapsulation layer 3 can be a wear-resistant membrane with high surface hardness and wear resistance to extend service life.

[0078] For example, the encapsulation layer 3 can also be a fluorine film. It is understood that fluorine films have excellent UV resistance and low surface energy, are easy to clean and maintain, and are suitable for long-term outdoor exposure applications.

[0079] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the color-changing adhesive film layer 1 can be a pre-patterned layer. In this way, during the production process, the color, shape, size, pattern, etc. of the color-changing adhesive film layer 1 can be changed to achieve customized design of the color-changing adhesive film layer 1, meet the usage requirements and aesthetic requirements of different users, and improve the user experience.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, photonic crystal powder is simply laid on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module according to a predetermined pattern, and then covered with a transparent adhesive film. After heating and laminating, and cooling, a pre-patterned colorful adhesive film layer 1 can be formed.

[0081] In some specific embodiments, the side of the color-coated film layer 1 facing away from the photovoltaic module body 2 can be designed as a non-planar structure with an uneven surface. This satisfies the user's customized design requirements while increasing the refractive index of light and reducing light loss through the uneven, non-planar structure, thereby further improving the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the side of the iridescent adhesive film layer 1 facing the encapsulation layer 3 forms an uneven first non-planar structure, and correspondingly, the side of the encapsulation layer 3 facing the iridescent adhesive film layer 1 forms an uneven second non-planar structure, with the first non-planar structure and the second non-planar structure matching each other in shape.

[0083] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the photovoltaic module body 2 includes a photovoltaic cell 22 and a backsheet 24, the color-enhancing film layer 1 is disposed on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic cell 22, and the backsheet 24 is disposed on the light-repellent side of the photovoltaic cell 22.

[0084] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module body 2 includes a stacked glass front panel 21, photovoltaic cells 22 and a back panel 24, and an edge seal 23 is provided in the edge region between the glass front panel 21 and the back panel 24, and the photovoltaic cells 22 are disposed in the enclosed area of ​​the edge seal 23.

[0085] The front glass panel 21 can be conductive glass, with the photovoltaic cells directly attached to it, or it can be conventional transparent glass, with complete photovoltaic cells 22 added to the front glass panel 21 and the back panel 24. The edge seal 23 is made of butyl rubber, which has good moisture sealing performance.

[0086] In this embodiment, the backsheet 24 is disposed on the back side of the photovoltaic cell 22 as a rear protective layer of the module. The backsheet 24 is made of a lightweight material. Since most backsheets currently use glass, the lightweight material is defined as having a mass less than that of glass within the same area. For example, the backsheet 24 can be made of aluminum, composite polymer materials, or other materials with excellent thermal insulation and mechanical strength.

[0087] In this way, the backplate 24 provides physical protection against damage to internal components from the external environment (such as moisture, dust, and mechanical damage). At the same time, its excellent electrical insulation properties ensure safe use. Most importantly, the lightweight material used in the backplate 24 reduces the overall weight, facilitating installation and transportation, making it particularly suitable for applications such as roofs or building facades where load-bearing capacity is a consideration.

[0088] According to some embodiments of this utility model, the photovoltaic module body 2 is any one of crystalline silicon battery module, copper indium gallium selenide battery module, perovskite battery module, and chromium telluride battery module.

[0089] For example Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module body 2 is a perovskite cell module. The perovskite cell module includes multiple perovskite cells (i.e., photovoltaic cells 22) stacked together. Both sides of the multiple perovskite cells are provided with edge seals 23 for encapsulation, such as butyl rubber. A backplate 24 is installed at the bottom of the perovskite cell module. The top of the perovskite cell module is sequentially bonded with a glass front plate 21, a color-changing adhesive film layer 1, and an encapsulation layer 3 from bottom to top.

[0090] Thus, the photovoltaic module proposed in this utility model utilizes the excellent low-temperature power coefficient and weak light power generation performance of perovskite. By combining a high-transmittance colored encapsulant film in the perovskite photovoltaic module and applying it to the BIPV field, the photovoltaic module achieves customized appearance while maintaining high power generation, thus meeting the new needs of modern buildings.

[0091] It needs to be explained that BIPV, or Building-Integrated Photovoltaics, refers to integrating photovoltaic materials into the structure and envelope of a building, such as the roof, exterior walls, and windows, to achieve power generation while maintaining or enhancing the building's aesthetics and functionality.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic module body (2) and a color-changing adhesive film layer (1), and the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) is arranged on the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic module body (2). The color-changing adhesive film layer (1) is a photonic crystal film layer, or the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) comprises a transparent adhesive film and photonic crystal particles, wherein the transparent adhesive film is arranged on the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic module body (2), and the photonic crystal particles are located between the photovoltaic module body (2) and the transparent adhesive film.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, In the case that the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) is a photonic crystal film layer, the photonic crystal film layer is a photonic crystal film layer capable of absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light. Or, in the case that the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) comprises a transparent adhesive film and photonic crystal particles, the photonic crystal particles are photonic crystal particles capable of absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, In the case that the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) comprises a transparent adhesive film and photonic crystal particles, the material of the transparent adhesive film is any one of polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and vinyl butyral.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The side of the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) away from the photovoltaic module body (2) comprises a first non-planar structure with unevenness.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The side of the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) away from the photovoltaic module body (2) is provided with an encapsulation layer (3), and the encapsulation layer (3) is bonded to the photovoltaic module body (2) through the color-changing adhesive film layer (1).

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, The side of the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) facing the encapsulation layer (3) forms a first non-planar structure with unevenness, and correspondingly, the side of the encapsulation layer (3) facing the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) forms a second non-planar structure with unevenness, and the first non-planar structure and the second non-planar structure are in shape cooperation.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, The encapsulation layer (3) is an encapsulation glass or a flexible protective layer.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module body (2) comprises a glass front plate (21), a photovoltaic cell (22), and a back plate (24) stacked together, an edge sealing body (23) is arranged at the edge area between the glass front plate (21) and the back plate (24), and the photovoltaic cell (22) is arranged in the enclosed area of the edge sealing body (23).

9. The photovoltaic module of claim 8, wherein, The back plate (24) is made of lightweight material, the color-changing adhesive film layer (1) is arranged on the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic cell (22), and the back plate (24) is arranged on the light-irradiating side of the photovoltaic cell (22).

10. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module body (2) is any one of a crystalline silicon cell module, a copper-indium-gallium-selenium cell module, a perovskite cell module, and a chromium telluride cell module.

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