Device for grinding and polishing side surface of plate-shaped tensile sample

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of plate-shaped tensile mechanical test experiments, in particular to a device for grinding and polishing the side surface of a plate-shaped tensile sample. A Y-axis guide rail and a Z-axis guide rail of the device are assembled on a base, an X-axis guide rail is assembled on a Y-axis guide rail sliding block on the Y-axis guide rail, a sample to be polished is arranged on an X-axis guide rail sliding block on the X-axis guide rail, a spindle motor used for installing a polishing head is assembled on a Z-axis guide rail sliding block on the Z-axis guide rail, and an XYZ three-axis movement system is formed. The X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are provided with corresponding servo motors respectively, and free movement of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis is achieved. The automatic grinding device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, solves the problems that after the plate-shaped tensile sample is subjected to wire cut electrical discharge machining, the manual grinding size precision of the side surface is not enough, and the roughness cannot meet the test standard, achieves the effect of automatic grinding, and improves the experimental test precision of the plate-shaped mechanical tensile sample.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of plate tensile mechanics test experiment, concretely to a device for plate tensile sample side surface grinding and polishing. BACKGROUND

[0002] Plate tensile sample is a common metal mechanical property test method, which is used to measure the deformation and strength of materials under tensile stress, and is usually used for quality control and research of metal materials. When preparing the plate tensile sample, the influence of specifications and processing technology needs to be considered to ensure the quality and reliability of the sample.

[0003] According to the provisions of GB / T 228 2021 "Metallic Materials Tensile Test", the original cross-sectional area of the plate tensile sample test should be calculated based on the size measurement value of the sample. The determination of the original cross-sectional area should be accurate to ± 2%, and the width measurement error should not exceed ± 0.2% when the main part of the error is caused by the measurement of the sample thickness. To reduce the uncertainty of the test measurement result, it is recommended that the original cross-sectional area should be accurate to or better than ± 1%. The sample transverse size tolerance should meet ± 0.02-0.1mm according to the transverse size ratio, and the sample transverse shape tolerance should meet 0.03-0.05mm according to the transverse size ratio (see Table G.4 of GB / T 228 2021 "Metallic Materials Tensile Test" for sample transverse size tolerance); the preparation of the sample should not affect its mechanical properties, and for materials that exhibit obvious work hardening, milling and grinding are usually used (see E.4 of GB / T 228 2021 "Metallic Materials Tensile Test" for sample preparation).

[0004] With the development of metal material science and technology, more and more high-performance materials have been developed. Due to the constraints of the strength, wear resistance and processing cost of traditional physical cutting tools such as milling and grinding, more and more researchers choose electric spark wire cutting to process plate tensile samples, which is a way of local metal gasification at high temperature by discharge. Its advantages are: it can process any material as long as it is conductive, regardless of the strength and hardness of the material being processed, and the processing size is accurate and the cost is low; its disadvantage is: after processing, there is a thin high-temperature oxidation layer and a heat-affected zone on the surface of the sample, the material structure and performance of the oxidation layer are different from those of the test material, and the oxidation layer needs to be polished before the test to ensure the accuracy of the test data. Plate tensile sample polishing is divided into upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces. The upper and lower surfaces are flat structures and can be quickly processed by a milling machine or a surface grinder; the two side surfaces have transition arcs and parallel sections that need to be polished and need to be profiled. At present, this field of profiled equipment is blank, and each research institution uses manual grinding to process the side surface of the plate tensile sample.

[0005] There are two problems in manual processing of plate-shaped tensile specimens: firstly, in GB / T228 2021 "Metallic Materials Tensile Test", the determination of the original cross-sectional area: when measuring the cross-sectional area of the specimen, at least three different positions in the parallel length area of the specimen are measured, the experience and feeling of different personnel in manual polishing of the plate-shaped tensile specimen are different, the size tolerance and shape tolerance of the processed plate-shaped tensile specimen are out of tolerance, and the side surface of the processed plate-shaped tensile specimen is not perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces, and the individual side surface is in the form of a circular arc, the error between the measured cross-sectional area and the actual cross-sectional area is large, and the experimental results are affected; secondly, the transition arc and the parallel section should be tangent, which is affected by the force control of manual polishing, the transition polishing often occurs at this position, and problems such as overcutting, size deformation of the circular arc and asymmetry of the left and right circular arcs often occur, which causes the specimen to tilt and slip during the test, and affects the experimental results. Content of the utility model

[0006] The utility model discloses a device for plate-shaped tensile specimen side surface grinding and polishing, solves the problem that conventional manual polishing cannot guarantee that the width of the specimen parallel section is consistent, the arc section transition is smooth, and the surface roughness is not up to standard, and realizes that the plate-shaped tensile specimen side surface can be automatically polished after clamping.

[0007] The technical scheme of the utility model is:

[0008] A device for plate-shaped tensile specimen side surface grinding and polishing, Y-axis guide rail and Z-axis guide rail are assembled on the base, X-axis guide rail is assembled on the Y-axis guide rail slider on the Y-axis guide rail, the specimen to be polished is arranged on the X-axis guide rail slider on the X-axis guide rail, the spindle motor for installing the polishing head is assembled on the Z-axis guide rail slider on the Z-axis guide rail, and an XYZ three-axis motion system is formed.

[0009] The device for plate-shaped tensile specimen side surface grinding and polishing, the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail are stacked and placed, the Y-axis guide rail slider is installed on the top of the Y-axis guide rail and is in sliding cooperation with the Y-axis guide rail, the X-axis guide rail is assembled on the Y-axis guide rail slider, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor is connected with the Y-axis guide rail slider, and the Y-axis guide rail slider is driven to move horizontally along the Y-axis guide rail; the X-axis guide rail slider is installed on the top of the X-axis guide rail and is in sliding cooperation with the X-axis guide rail, a bench clamp is installed on the top of the X-axis guide rail slider, the specimen to be polished is arranged on the bench clamp, the X-axis servo motor is connected with the X-axis guide rail slider, and the X-axis guide rail slider is driven to move horizontally along the X-axis guide rail; the Z-axis guide rail slider is installed on one side of the Z-axis guide rail and is in sliding cooperation with the Z-axis guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail servo motor is connected with the Z-axis guide rail slider, and the Z-axis guide rail slider is driven to move vertically along the Z-axis guide rail.

[0010] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, the main shaft motor frame is assembled to the Z-axis guide rail sliding block through the L-shaped adapter block B, the main shaft motor is installed to the main shaft motor frame, the main shaft motor and the main shaft motor frame are locked through bolts after clamping, and the main shaft motor is perpendicular to the YZ plane.

[0011] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, the other side of the Z-axis guide rail is provided with an L-shaped adapter block A, the L-shaped adapter block A is connected with the Z-axis guide rail and the base respectively, and the Z-axis guide rail is further fastened.

[0012] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, the Y-axis guide rail is assembled to the base through the trapezoidal groove of the base, the Z-axis guide rail is independently vertically placed and assembled to the base through the trapezoidal groove of the base, and the Z-axis guide rail is a certain distance from the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail.

[0013] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, the bench clamp is perpendicular to the YZ plane, and the jaw of the bench clamp is parallel to the X-axis guide rail.

[0014] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, the rotary end of the main shaft motor is provided with a polishing head, and the polishing head is clamped with the main shaft motor through an ER chuck.

[0015] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, the side of the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail is provided with a limit stop, the limit stop corresponds to the corresponding guide rail sliding block, so that the guide rail sliding block reciprocates along the corresponding guide rail.

[0016] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample is provided with an industrial computer, the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor and the Z-axis guide rail servo motor are connected with the industrial computer respectively, and the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor and the Z-axis guide rail servo motor are respectively provided with a torque sensor.

[0017] The device for polishing the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample, a mechanical sensor is installed below the bench clamp and on the side of the jaw respectively, the mechanical sensor is connected with the signal input end of the industrial computer, the signal is transmitted to the industrial computer in real time through the mechanical sensor, the servo motor is adjusted by the industrial computer, and the automatic grinding work is realized.

[0018] The design idea of the utility model is:

[0019] The device solves the problem that the size precision of the side surface cannot be controlled and the side surface cannot be perpendicular to the plane after manual polishing. The device can control the size precision of the side surface, polish the side surface arc in all directions, remove the high-temperature oxidation layer and cutting texture of the sample after cutting by the wire cut electrical discharge machine, and make the experimental data more accurate. In addition, the device has two sets of grinding control systems. When the profile line parameters of the side surface of the sample to be polished are unknown, the device can realize automatic profiling polishing by the feedback signals of the built-in mechanical sensor and servo motor, and further real-time data analysis and processing by the industrial computer, and the polishing head moves along the outer contour of the plate-shaped tensile sample. When the profile line values of the side surface of the sample to be polished are known, the profile line values are input into the industrial computer, and the spindle moves along the profile line, so that automatic grinding is realized.

[0020] The device has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

[0021] 1. The device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, solves the problems that the size precision of the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample is not enough and the roughness cannot meet the test standard after manual polishing, realizes the effect of automatic polishing, and improves the experimental test precision of the plate-shaped mechanical tensile sample.

[0022] 2. The device can realize automatic control of the polishing motion track, so that the parallel section side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample has low roughness and consistent width after polishing, the size of the arc section meets the drawing, the transition is smooth, and the side surface roughness meets the test requirements.

[0023] 3. The Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are assembled on the base, the X-axis guide rail is assembled on the Y-axis guide rail slider on the Y-axis guide rail, the sample to be polished is arranged on the X-axis guide rail slider on the X-axis guide rail, the spindle motor for installing the polishing head is assembled on the Z-axis guide rail slider on the Z-axis guide rail, and the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are respectively provided with corresponding servo motors, so that the XYZ three-axis free motion can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, solves the problems that the size precision of the side surface of the plate-shaped tensile sample is not enough and the roughness cannot meet the test standard after manual polishing, realizes the effect of automatic polishing, and improves the experimental test precision of the plate-shaped mechanical tensile sample.

[0025] In the figure, 1 is a Z-axis guide rail servo motor, 2 is an L-shaped adapter block A, 3 is an industrial computer, 4 is an ER chuck, 5 is a polishing head, 6 is a bench vice, 7 is an X-axis guide rail slider, 8 is a Y-axis guide rail servo motor, 9 is an X-axis guide rail, 10 is a Y-axis guide rail slider, 11 is a limit stop, 12 is a Y-axis guide rail, 13 is an X-axis servo motor, 14 is a base, 15 is a sample to be polished, 16 is a Z-axis guide rail, 17 is a Z-axis guide rail slider, 18 is an L-shaped adapter block B, 19 is a spindle motor frame, and 20 is a spindle motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] As Figure 1 shown, the utility model provides a device for plate-shaped tensile side automatic polishing, mainly includes: guide rail (X axis guide rail 9, Y axis guide rail 12, Z axis guide rail 16), servo motor (X axis servo motor 13, Y axis guide rail servo motor 8, Z axis guide rail servo motor 1), main shaft motor 20, bench vice 6 etc., the specific structure is as follows:

[0027] X axis guide rail 9 and Y axis guide rail 12 are stacked and placed, Y axis guide rail 12 is assembled to base 14 through trapezoidal slot of base 14, Y axis guide rail sliding block 10 is installed on the top of Y axis guide rail 12 and is in sliding fit with Y axis guide rail 12, X axis guide rail 9 is assembled to Y axis guide rail sliding block 10, Y axis guide rail servo motor 8 is connected with Y axis guide rail sliding block 10 through ball screw, drives Y axis guide rail sliding block 10 to move horizontally along Y axis guide rail 12, Y axis guide rail 12 has support and guiding effect. X axis guide rail sliding block 7 is installed on the top of X axis guide rail 9 and is in sliding fit with X axis guide rail 9, bench vice 6 is installed on the top of X axis guide rail sliding block 7, and the bench vice 6 is perpendicular to YZ plane, the jaw of bench vice 6 is parallel to X axis guide rail 9, and the sample to be polished 15 is arranged on the bench vice 6, X axis servo motor 13 is connected with X axis guide rail sliding block 7 through ball screw, and drives X axis guide rail sliding block 7 to move horizontally along X axis guide rail 9.

[0028] Z axis guide rail 16 is independently placed vertically and is assembled to base 14 through trapezoidal slot of base 14, and Z axis guide rail 16 has a certain distance from X axis guide rail 9 and Y axis guide rail 12. Z axis guide rail sliding block 17 is installed on one side of Z axis guide rail 16 and is in sliding fit with Z axis guide rail 16, Z axis guide rail servo motor 1 is connected with Z axis guide rail sliding block 17 through ball screw, and drives Z axis guide rail sliding block 17 to move vertically along Z axis guide rail 16. Main shaft motor frame 19 is assembled to Z axis guide rail sliding block 17 through L-shaped adapter block B18, main shaft motor 20 is installed on main shaft motor frame 19, and main shaft motor 20 and main shaft motor frame 19 are locked by bolt after clamping, so as to further guarantee the operation stability of the main shaft of the rotary end of main shaft motor 20, and the main shaft motor 20 is perpendicular to YZ plane. L-shaped adapter block A2 is arranged on the other side of Z axis guide rail 16, and L-shaped adapter block A2 is connected with Z axis guide rail 16 and base 14 respectively, further fastens Z axis guide rail 16, and makes the structure more stable.

[0029] The rotation end of the main shaft motor 20 is provided with the polishing head 5, and the polishing head 5 is clamped with the main shaft motor 20 through the ER chuck 4 (the ER chuck is a spring chuck developed by Rego-Fix Company in Switzerland) to ensure the round runout of the polishing head 5 in the high-speed rotating motion state of the servo motor and realize high-precision cooperation. After corresponding guide rail sliders are installed on the guide rails, the surfaces of the guide rails and the guide rail sliders can be closely attached to each other to ensure the precision. The side of the X-axis guide rail 9, the Y-axis guide rail 12 and the Z-axis guide rail 16 is provided with the limit stop 11, the limit stop 11 corresponds to the corresponding guide rail slider, the guide rail slider moves along the corresponding guide rail, and meanwhile, the equipment is prevented from overtraveling. The X-axis servo motor 13, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor 8 and the Z-axis guide rail servo motor 1 are respectively provided with the torque sensor, and when the main shaft motor 20 grinds the sample to be polished 15 through the polishing head 5, the feed amount can be more accurately controlled.

[0030] The device is provided with the industrial computer 3, intelligent control can be realized, the servo motors provided on the X-axis guide rail 9, the Y-axis guide rail 12 and the Z-axis guide rail 16 are connected with the industrial computer 3, the device has higher precision and larger carrying capacity. The two sets of mechanical sensors are respectively installed below the bench vice 6 and on the side of the vice mouth, the mechanical sensors are connected with the signal input end of the industrial computer 3, the signals are transmitted to the industrial computer 3 in real time through the mechanical sensors, the servo motors are adjusted by the industrial computer 3, and automatic grinding work is realized.

[0031] During work, the sample to be polished 15 (such as a plate-shaped tensile sample) is clamped on the bench vice 6, the device automatically operates after the side surface profile line of the sample to be polished 15 is input through the industrial computer 3, the Y-axis guide rail 12 and the Z-axis guide rail 16 start to operate according to the route after the corresponding servo motors work, the main shaft motor 20 operates, and the polishing head 5 automatically polishes the side surface of the sample to be polished 15. During the polishing process, the X-axis servo motor 13 moves back and forth to avoid the polishing head 5 and the side surface of the sample to be polished 15 being in linear contact all the time, so that the polishing head 5 is locally damaged and the precision is reduced.

[0032] After the sample to be polished is clamped, in the case that the profile parameters of the plate-shaped tensile sample are unknown, the built-in mechanical sensor and the servo motor feedback signal are relied on to realize real-time data analysis and processing by the industrial computer, the polishing head moves along the outer profile of the plate-shaped tensile sample, and then the automatic profiling polishing effect is achieved. In the case that the profile parameters of the plate-shaped tensile sample are known, the device main shaft operates according to the route after the side edge profile line parameters of the sample to be polished are input on the industrial computer, the polishing head grinds the side surface of the sample to be polished, and the automatic polishing effect is realized. At this time, the built-in mechanical sensor also operates to assist grinding.

Claims

1. An apparatus for polishing the side surface of a plate-shaped tensile specimen, characterized in that, The Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are assembled on the base, the X-axis guide rail is assembled on the Y-axis guide rail slider on the Y-axis guide rail, the sample to be polished is arranged on the X-axis guide rail slider on the X-axis guide rail, the main shaft motor for mounting the polishing head is assembled on the Z-axis guide rail slider on the Z-axis guide rail, and an XYZ three-axis motion system is formed.

2. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 1, characterized by The X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail are stacked, the Y-axis guide rail slider is mounted on the top of the Y-axis guide rail and is in sliding fit with the Y-axis guide rail, the X-axis guide rail is assembled on the Y-axis guide rail slider, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor is connected with the Y-axis guide rail slider, and the Y-axis guide rail slider is driven to move horizontally along the Y-axis guide rail; the X-axis guide rail slider is mounted on the top of the X-axis guide rail and is in sliding fit with the X-axis guide rail, a bench clamp is mounted on the top of the X-axis guide rail slider, the sample to be polished is arranged on the bench clamp, the X-axis servo motor is connected with the X-axis guide rail slider, and the X-axis guide rail slider is driven to move horizontally along the X-axis guide rail; the Z-axis guide rail slider is mounted on one side of the Z-axis guide rail and is in sliding fit with the Z-axis guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail servo motor is connected with the Z-axis guide rail slider, and the Z-axis guide rail slider is driven to move vertically along the Z-axis guide rail.

3. Apparatus for grinding and polishing the side surfaces of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 2, characterized in that The main shaft motor frame is assembled on the Z-axis guide rail slider through the L-shaped adapter block B, the main shaft motor is mounted on the main shaft motor frame, the main shaft motor and the main shaft motor frame are locked through bolts after clamping, and the main shaft motor is perpendicular to the YZ plane.

4. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile test specimen according to claim 2, characterized by The other side of the Z-axis guide rail is provided with the L-shaped adapter block A, the L-shaped adapter block A is connected with the Z-axis guide rail and the base respectively, and the Z-axis guide rail is further fastened.

5. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 2, characterized by The Y-axis guide rail is assembled on the base through the trapezoidal groove of the base, the Z-axis guide rail is independently vertically placed and is assembled on the base through the trapezoidal groove of the base, and the Z-axis guide rail is a certain distance away from the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail.

6. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 2, characterized by The bench clamp is perpendicular to the YZ plane, and the jaw of the bench clamp is parallel to the X-axis guide rail.

7. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 2, characterized by The rotary end of the main shaft motor is provided with the polishing head, and the polishing head is clamped with the main shaft motor through the ER chuck.

8. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 2, characterized by The X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are each provided with a limit stop corresponding to the guide rail slider, so that the guide rail slider moves reciprocatingly along the corresponding guide rail.

9. The apparatus for side surface grinding / polishing of a plate-like tensile specimen according to claim 2, characterized by The device is provided with an industrial computer, the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor and the Z-axis guide rail servo motor are connected with the industrial computer respectively, and the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis guide rail servo motor and the Z-axis guide rail servo motor are respectively provided with a torque sensor.

10. The apparatus for grinding and polishing side surfaces of a plate-like tensile test specimen according to claim 9, characterized by Mechanical sensors are respectively mounted below the bench clamp and on the side of the jaw, the mechanical sensors are connected with the signal input end of the industrial computer, signals are transmitted to the industrial computer in real time through the mechanical sensors, the servo motor is adjusted by the industrial computer, and automatic grinding work is realized.

Images