Test device for simulating railway tunnel bottom deformation of horizontal layered surrounding rock

Abstract

The utility model discloses a test device for simulating railway tunnel bottom deformation of horizontal layered surrounding rock, which comprises a pressure bearing mechanism, a pressure applying mechanism and a data assembly, and the pressure bearing mechanism comprises a regulation frame and a pressure bearing box; the pressure bearing box is a cuboid box which is defined by a top plate, a bottom plate, a pair of side plates, a front plate and a back plate and matched with the regulation frame. The back plate is fixedly connected with the regulation frame. The front plate is detachably connected with the regulation frame; the top plate, the bottom plate and the pair of side plates are all arranged in the regulation frame; female grooves are symmetrically formed in the two opposite sides of the top plate and the bottom plate, male grooves are symmetrically formed in the two sides, adjacent to the female grooves, of the side plates, and the female grooves and the male grooves are slidably connected in an inserted mode; the pressure applying mechanism comprises a pressure applying frame and a plurality of loading pieces, and the loading pieces are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the pressure applying frame; the data assembly is arranged in the pressure bearing box. The tunnel three-dimensional simulation experiment system can solve the problem that when an existing tunnel three-dimensional simulation experiment system is used, an upper side plate, a lower side plate, a left side plate and a right side plate are mutually blocked and clamped, and consequently a tunnel model cannot be effectively extruded inwards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel simulation testing technology, specifically to a test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel engineering is an important part of infrastructure construction, involving multiple fields such as transportation, water conservancy, and energy. During tunnel construction, the tunnel structure may deform, be damaged, or have other safety problems due to various factors such as underground soil and rock conditions, ground stress, and construction methods.

[0003] To ensure the safe and efficient progress of tunnel engineering, it is crucial to study and simulate the stress and deformation characteristics of the tunnel structure and the influence of the surrounding rock environment during construction. Patent application number 202310503050.0 discloses a three-dimensional tunnel simulation experimental system. This system uses an upper side plate, lower side plate, left side plate, right side plate, front plate, and back plate to form a rectangular box space. The tunnel model to be tested is placed within this box space. Then, upper loading components, lower loading components, left loading components, and right loading components respectively compress the outer walls of the upper side plate, lower side plate, left side plate, and right side plate, causing the upper side plate, lower side plate, left side plate, and right side plate to compress the tunnel model inward from their respective directions, simulating the tunnel being subjected to stress in multiple directions. Furthermore, multiple pressure gauges and strain gauges are installed within the box space to collect, record, and feed back pressure data to quantify the pressure data and accurately characterize the experimental conditions.

[0004] However, the aforementioned three-dimensional tunnel simulation experimental system still has the following problems:

[0005] (1) During the test, due to the pressure of each loading component, the upper side plate, lower side plate, left side plate and right side plate will inevitably displace inward. However, the side lengths of the plates are fixed, which will inevitably lead to structural obstruction. For example, the upper and lower edges of the left side plate and right side plate obstruct the inward displacement of the upper side plate and lower side plate, or the edges of the upper side plate and lower side plate obstruct the inward displacement of the left side plate, causing the upper side plate, lower side plate, left side plate and right side plate to jam against each other, making it impossible to effectively squeeze the tunnel model. In fact, due to the combined effect of obstruction and external pressure, they may even bend unnecessarily.

[0006] (2) The above scheme uses the cooperation of the walking mechanism and the sliding rail to move horizontally. When it moves to the test point, the bottom of the lower side plate contacts and supports the sliding rail through the walking mechanism, and this state is maintained throughout the test. On the one hand, when bearing the pressure of each loading component, unnecessary relative sliding is likely to occur between the walking mechanism and the sliding rail, causing the test point to shift. On the other hand, the walking mechanism bears a large amount of downward pressure from the upper loading component, which is likely to cause unnecessary deformation of itself and affect subsequent use. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock. This device can solve the problem that when using existing tunnel three-dimensional simulation experimental systems, the upper side plate, lower side plate, left side plate, and right side plate obstruct and jam each other, resulting in the inability to effectively squeeze the tunnel model inward.

[0008] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A test apparatus for simulating the bottom deformation of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock includes a pressure-bearing mechanism. The pressure-bearing mechanism comprises a regulating frame and a pressure-bearing box. The regulating frame is a cuboid frame. The pressure-bearing box is a cuboid box matching the regulating frame, formed by a top plate, a bottom plate, a pair of side plates, a front plate, and a back plate. The pressure-bearing box is used to house the tunnel model to be tested. The back plate is fixedly connected to the regulating frame; the front plate is detachably connected to the regulating frame; the top plate, the bottom plate, and the pair of side plates are all located within the regulating frame; the top plate and the bottom plate are symmetrical on opposite sides. The tunnel has a recessed groove, and symmetrically arranged convex grooves on both sides adjacent to the recessed groove. The recessed groove and the convex groove are slidably inserted to allow the top plate and the bottom plate to slide along the extension direction of the convex groove, and the side plate to slide along the extension direction of the recessed groove. A pressure applying mechanism includes a cuboid pressure frame and multiple loading members, which are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the pressure frame to press the top plate, bottom plate, and side plate inwards respectively. A data component is located inside the pressure chamber to record and provide feedback on the pressure borne by the tunnel model.

[0010] Optionally, the regulating frame is formed by 12 regulating rods to create a top surface, side surface, and back surface that are perpendicular to each other.

[0011] Optionally, the length of the long side of the top plate and the bottom plate is greater than or equal to the length of the long side of the top surface, and the length of the short side of the top plate and the bottom plate is less than the length of the short side of the top surface; the length of the long side of the side plate is greater than or equal to the length of the long side of the side plate, and the length of the short side of the side plate is less than the length of the short side of the top surface.

[0012] Optionally, both the female groove and the male groove are serrated grooves, and the female groove and the corresponding male groove are alternately slidably inserted.

[0013] Optionally, a pair of horizontally opposite frame surfaces of the pressure frame are connected to form a test channel. A base is laid at the bottom of the pressure frame along the extension direction of the test channel, and a slide rail is laid on the top surface of the base along the extension direction of the test channel. The bottom of the control frame is provided with multiple moving wheels, which cooperate with the slide rails to enable the pressure-bearing mechanism to move along the test channel into the pressure frame.

[0014] Optionally, the top surface of the base is provided with a lifting mechanism, which includes a lifting frame and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders are located on the base, and the push rods of the hydraulic cylinders are vertically upward and connected to the lifting frame. The shape of the lifting frame matches the bottom surface of the regulating frame.

[0015] Optionally, the two ends of the two long sides of the lifting frame are respectively pivotally fitted with clamping rods, which can rotate between horizontal and vertical states; when the clamping rods are rotated to the vertical state, the clamping rods abut against the outer surface of the front plate or the outer surface of the back plate; the length of the clamping rods is greater than or equal to the height of the regulating frame; the free ends of the two clamping rods that can abut against the front plate are connected to a first connecting rod; the free ends of the two clamping rods that can abut against the back plate are connected to a second connecting rod; when the clamping rods are in the vertical state, the first connecting rods and the second connecting rods can be detachably connected by a locking rod.

[0016] Optionally, the clamp is a telescopic rod, and the maximum length of the clamp is greater than or equal to the height of the regulating frame.

[0017] Optionally, the top surface of the base is provided with four rod supports, which are used to support the clamping rod in a horizontal state.

[0018] Optionally, the data component includes multiple pressure gauges and multiple strain gauges; the pressure gauges are disposed on the inner wall of the pressure chamber, and each pressure gauge corresponds to one of the loading components; the strain gauges are disposed inside the pressure chamber.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0020] This utility model provides a test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock. It features a pressure-bearing mechanism comprising a frame and a pressure box. The frame secures the pressure box, preventing the box panels from falling out. The pressure box contains the tunnel model to be tested and applies inward pressure. Specifically, the pressure box is composed of a top plate, a bottom plate, a pair of side plates, a front plate, and a back plate. The back plate is fixedly connected to the frame, while the front plate is detachable, facilitating the placement of the tunnel model into the pressure box. The top plate, bottom plate, and side plates are only located within the frame, providing a structural basis for inward sliding. Furthermore, grooves are formed on the edges of the top and bottom plates, and corresponding grooves are formed on the edges of the side plates. These grooves interlock. This method not only enables the interconnection of the top, bottom, and side plates of the pressure box, but also allows the top and bottom plates to slide along the extension direction of the male groove, and the side plates to slide along the extension direction of the female groove. This allows the pressure box to maintain its rectangular shape while the top, bottom, and side plates can all slide inward to compress the tunnel model without obstructing each other. This effectively solves the problem in existing tunnel 3D simulation experimental systems where the upper, lower, left, and right side plates obstruct and jam, preventing effective inward compression of the tunnel model. Furthermore, by setting up a pressure-applying mechanism to apply inward pressure to the top, bottom, and side plates, and by setting up a data component to record and feedback the pressure exerted on the tunnel model, this experimental device can simulate the experimental conditions and record data. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 A side sectional schematic diagram of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 A side sectional view of the lifting mechanism of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided in an embodiment of this utility model, after the regulation frame is lifted.

[0024] Figure 3 A side sectional view of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided in an embodiment of this utility model, after the clamping rod is rotated to a vertical position and connected by a locking rod;

[0025] Figure 4 A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pressure application mechanism of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 A top view of the lifting frame of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pressure-bearing mechanism of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 7 A side view schematic diagram of the pressure-bearing mechanism (with a side plate removed) of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the top plate and side plate of the test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0030] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0031] 10-Regulating frame; 101-Moving wheel; 11-Pressure box; 111-Top plate; 112-Bottom plate; 113-Side plate; 114-Front plate; 115-Back plate; 116-Groove; 117-Groove; 20-Pressure frame; 21-Loading component; 22-Base; 221-Slide rail; 222-Rod support; 30-Lifting frame; 31-Hydraulic cylinder; 32-Clamping rod; 33-First connecting rod; 34-Second connecting rod; 35-Locking rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , focus on referencing Figures 6 to 8This embodiment provides a test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, including a pressure-bearing mechanism. The pressure-bearing mechanism includes a regulating frame 10 and a pressure box 11. The regulating frame 10 is a cuboid frame. The pressure box 11 is a cuboid box that matches the regulating frame 10, formed by a top plate 111, a bottom plate 112, a pair of side plates 113, a front plate 114, and a back plate 115. The pressure box 11 is used to accommodate the tunnel model to be tested, wherein: the back plate 115 is fixedly connected to the regulating frame 10; the front plate 114 is detachably connected to the regulating frame 10; the top plate 111, the bottom plate 112, and the pair of side plates 113 are all located within the regulating frame 10; the top plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 are positioned opposite each other. The structure includes a recessed groove 116, and symmetrically arranged external grooves 117 on the two sides of the side plate 113 adjacent to the recessed groove 116. The recessed groove 116 and the external groove 117 are slidably inserted into each other, so that the top plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 can slide along the extension direction of the external groove 117; and the side plate 113 can slide along the extension direction of the recessed groove 116. The second part includes a pressure applying mechanism, which includes a cuboid pressure applying frame 20 and a plurality of loading members 21. The loading members 21 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the pressure applying frame 20 to press the top plate 111, the bottom plate 112 and the side plate 113 inward respectively. The third part includes a data component, which is located in the pressure-bearing box 11 to record and provide feedback on the pressure borne by the tunnel model.

[0035] The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock provided in this embodiment includes a pressure-bearing mechanism comprising a regulating frame 10 and a pressure-bearing box 11. The regulating frame 10 holds the pressure-bearing box 11 within it, preventing the various plates of the pressure-bearing box 11 from falling out. The pressure-bearing box 11 contains the tunnel model to be tested and applies inward pressure to the tunnel model. Specifically, the pressure-bearing box 11 consists of a top plate 111, a bottom plate 112, and a pair of side plates 11. 3. A front plate 114 and a back plate 115 are arranged together, wherein the back plate 115 is fixedly connected to the frame 10, and the front plate 114 is detachably connected to facilitate the placement of the tunnel model into the pressure box 11. The top plate 111, the bottom plate 112, and a pair of side plates 113 are only located within the frame 10, providing a structural foundation for inward sliding. Based on this, grooves 116 are formed on the edges of the top plate 111 and the bottom plate 112, and grooves 117 are formed on the edges of the side plates 113. The grooves 116 are used to form a tunnel. The interlocking of the male and female grooves 117 not only enables the splicing of the top plate 111, bottom plate 112, and side plate 113 of the pressure box 11, but also allows the top plate 111 and bottom plate 112 to slide along the extension direction of the male groove 117, and the side plate 113 to slide along the extension direction of the female groove 116. This ensures that the pressure box 11, while maintaining its rectangular shape, allows the top plate 111, bottom plate 112, and side plate 113 to slide inward to compress the tunnel model without obstructing each other. This effectively solves the problem in existing tunnel 3D simulation experimental systems where the upper, lower, left, and right side plates obstruct and jam, preventing effective inward compression of the tunnel model. Furthermore, by setting up a pressure-applying mechanism, pressure is applied inward to the top plate 111, bottom plate 112, and side plate 113 respectively. By setting up a data component, the pressure borne by the tunnel model is recorded and fed back, enabling the experimental device to simulate the experimental conditions and record data.

[0036] In order to ensure the structural performance of the regulating frame 10 without obstructing the surfaces of the top plate 111, bottom plate 112 and side plate 113, so as to facilitate the application of pressure by the loading member 21, the regulating frame 10 is formed by 12 regulating rods to form a top surface, side surface and back surface that are perpendicular to each other.

[0037] To ensure that the top plate 111, bottom plate 112, and side plate 113 are confined within the regulating frame 10 and do not fall out, the length of the long side of the top plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 is greater than or equal to the length of the long side of the top surface, and the length of the short side of the top plate 111 and the bottom plate 112 is less than the length of the short side of the top surface; the length of the long side of the side plate 113 is greater than or equal to the length of the long side of the side surface, and the length of the short side of the side plate 113 is less than the length of the short side of the top surface.

[0038] To further improve the fit between the female groove 116 and the male groove 117, both the female groove 116 and the male groove 117 are serrated grooves, and the female groove 116 and the corresponding male groove 117 are alternately slidably inserted.

[0039] To further explain the specific composition of the data component, the data component includes multiple pressure gauges (not shown) and multiple strain gauges (not shown); the pressure gauges are installed on the inner wall of the pressure chamber 11, and each pressure gauge corresponds to one of the loading elements 21; the strain gauges are installed inside the pressure chamber 11.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Please refer to Example 1 for further details. Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment provides a test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, which is a further improvement of Embodiment 1. The improvement is as follows:

[0042] To separate the pressure-bearing component from the pressure-applying component, facilitating the removal of the tunnel model from the pressure-bearing box 11, a pair of horizontally opposite frame surfaces of the pressure-applying frame 20 are connected to form a test channel. A base 22 is laid at the bottom of the pressure-applying frame 20 along the extension direction of the test channel, and a slide rail 221 is laid on the top surface of the base 22 along the extension direction of the test channel. The bottom of the regulating frame 10 is provided with multiple moving wheels 101, which cooperate with the slide rail 221 to enable the pressure-bearing mechanism to move along the test channel into the pressure-applying frame 20.

[0043] With the above settings, the regulating frame 10 can move along the slide rail 221 via the moving wheel 101, thereby allowing the regulating frame 10 to enter and exit the pressure frame 20.

[0044] To address the issue of deformation of the moving wheel 101 due to the downward pressure from the loading member 21 above it during the test, a lifting mechanism is provided on the top surface of the base 22. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting frame 30 and multiple hydraulic cylinders 31. The hydraulic cylinders 31 are located on the base 22, and their push rods are vertically upward and connected to the lifting frame 30. The shape of the lifting frame 30 matches the bottom surface of the regulating frame 10.

[0045] With the above settings, when the regulating frame 10 is moved along the slide rail 221 into the pressure frame 20, the lifting frame 30 is driven to rise by the hydraulic cylinder 31. The lifting frame 30 contacts the bottom of the regulating frame 10 and lifts the regulating frame 10, thereby separating the moving wheel 101 from the slide rail 221. When the test is carried out at this time, no pressure will be applied to the moving wheel 101.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] Please refer to Example 2 for further details. Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment provides a test device for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, which is a further improvement of Embodiment 2. The improvement is as follows:

[0048] To prevent unnecessary horizontal displacement of the raised regulating frame 10 under the pressure of the loading member 21, clamping rods 32 are respectively axled at both ends of the two long sides of the raised frame 30. The clamping rods 32 can rotate between horizontal and vertical states. When the clamping rods 32 are rotated to the vertical state, the clamping rods 32 abut against the outer surface of the front plate 114 or the outer surface of the back plate 115. The length of the clamping rods 32 is greater than or equal to the height of the regulating frame 10. The free ends of the two clamping rods 32 that abut against the front plate 114 are connected to a first connecting rod 33. The free ends of the two clamping rods 32 that abut against the back plate 115 are connected to a second connecting rod 34. When the clamping rods 32 are in the vertical state, the first connecting rod 33 and the second connecting rod 34 can be detachably connected by a locking rod 35.

[0049] With the above settings, after the lifting is completed, the clamping rod 32 is rotated to vertical, and the first connecting rod 33 and the second connecting rod 34 are connected by the locking rod 35. The regulating frame 10 can be clamped by the clamping rod 32, thereby effectively preventing the regulating frame 10 from being displaced horizontally by force. In addition, the clamping rod 32 can provide structural support for the front plate 114 and the back plate 115. Since the two are not subjected to the compression of the loading member 21, they are prone to deformation caused by pressure from the inside to the outside. The clamping rod 32 can effectively solve this problem.

[0050] For easy storage, the clamping rod 32 is a telescopic rod, and the maximum length of the clamping rod 32 is greater than or equal to the height of the regulating frame 10.

[0051] Preferably, in order to support the clamping rod 32 when it is rotated to a horizontal position, the top surface of the base 22 is provided with four rod supports 222, which are used to support the clamping rod 32 when it is in a horizontal position.

[0052] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock, characterized in that, include: The pressure-bearing mechanism includes a regulating frame (10) and a pressure-bearing box (11). The regulating frame (10) is a cuboid frame. The pressure-bearing box (11) is a cuboid box that matches the regulating frame (10), consisting of a top plate (111), a bottom plate (112), a pair of side plates (113), a front plate (114), and a back plate (115). The pressure-bearing box (11) is used to accommodate the tunnel model to be tested. in: The back plate (115) is fixedly connected to the regulating frame (10); The front panel (114) is detachably connected to the regulating frame (10); The top plate (111), the bottom plate (112), and the pair of side plates (113) are all located within the regulating frame (10); The top plate (111) and the bottom plate (112) have symmetrically formed internal grooves (116) on opposite sides, and the side plate (113) has symmetrically formed external grooves (117) on the sides adjacent to the internal grooves (116). The internal grooves (116) and the external grooves (117) are slidably inserted into each other. So that the top plate (111) and the bottom plate (112) can slide along the extending direction of the male groove (117); And thus, the side plate (113) is able to slide along the extension direction of the groove (116); The pressure mechanism includes a cuboid pressure frame (20) and multiple loading members (21). The loading members (21) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the pressure frame (20) to press the top plate (111), the bottom plate (112) and the side plate (113) inward respectively. A data component, located inside the pressure chamber (11), is used to record and provide feedback on the pressure exerted on the tunnel model.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation frame (10) is formed by 12 regulation rods to form a top surface, side surface and back surface that are perpendicular to each other.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the long side of the top plate (111) and the bottom plate (112) is greater than or equal to the length of the long side of the top surface, and the length of the short side of the top plate (111) and the bottom plate (112) is less than the length of the short side of the top surface. The length of the long side of the side plate (113) is greater than or equal to the length of the long side of the side surface, and the length of the short side of the side plate (113) is less than the length of the short side of the top surface.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the female groove (116) and the male groove (117) are sawtooth grooves, and the female groove (116) and the corresponding male groove (117) are alternately slidably inserted.

5. The test apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The pressure frame (20) is horizontally opposed to each other and the two frames are connected to form a test channel. The bottom of the pressure frame (20) is provided with a base (22) along the extension direction of the test channel, and the top surface of the base (22) is provided with a slide rail (221) along the extension direction of the test channel. The bottom of the regulating frame (10) is provided with a plurality of movable wheels (101), which cooperate with the slide rail (221) so that the pressure bearing mechanism can move along the test channel into the pressure applying frame (20).

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 5, characterized in that, The base (22) is provided with a lifting mechanism on its top surface. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting frame (30) and multiple hydraulic cylinders (31). The hydraulic cylinders (31) are located on the base (22). The push rod of the hydraulic cylinder (31) is set vertically upward and connected to the lifting frame (30). The shape of the lifting frame (30) matches the bottom surface of the regulating frame (10).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lifting frame (30) has clamping rods (32) at both ends of its two long sides, and the clamping rods (32) can rotate between horizontal and vertical states; When the clamping rod (32) is rotated to a vertical position, the clamping rod (32) abuts against the outer surface of the front plate (114) or the outer surface of the back plate (115); The length of the clamp (32) is greater than or equal to the height of the regulating frame (10); The free ends of the two clamping rods (32) that can abut against the front plate (114) are connected to a first connecting rod (33); The free ends of the two clamping rods (32) that can abut against the back plate (115) are connected to a second connecting rod (34); When the clamping rod (32) is in a vertical state, the first connecting rod (33) and the second connecting rod (34) can be detachably connected by the locking rod (35).

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 7, characterized in that, The clamp (32) is a telescopic rod, and the maximum length of the clamp (32) is greater than or equal to the height of the regulating frame (10).

9. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 7, characterized in that, The base (22) has four rod supports (222) on its top surface, which are used to support the clamping rod (32) in a horizontal state.

10. The experimental apparatus for simulating the deformation of the bottom of a railway tunnel in horizontally layered surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data components include multiple pressure gauges and multiple strain gauges; The pressure gauge is installed on the inner wall of the pressure tank (11), and the pressure gauge corresponds one-to-one with the loading component (21); The strain gauge is located inside the pressure chamber (11).

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