Mark pen with pen point convenient to replace
By incorporating a limiting thread and clamping rod structure into the marker pen, the problem of inconvenient pen tip replacement in existing technologies is solved, enabling a convenient and damage-free pen tip replacement method.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520415971.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-10
AI Technical Summary
The current method of replacing marker tips by simply plugging and unplugging them can easily deform the tips and requires additional tools, making the replacement inconvenient.
The pen body is equipped with a mounting part with a limiting thread, the pen tip is equipped with a locking part with a limiting thread groove on the outside of the pen tip, and the pen cap is detachably equipped with a removal part with a clamping rod. Users can remove and install the pen tip by clamping the locking part with the clamping rod in any scenario.
It enables convenient pen tip replacement without additional tools, avoiding pen tip damage and meeting users' needs in various scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN223835299U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of marker technology, and in particular to a marker pen with an easy-to-replace nib. Background Technology
[0002] Marker pens are common stationery items used in daily life, both for studying and office work. Different nib types of marker pens serve different purposes and functions when drawing graphics or writing. For outdoor workers, there is also a need to select different nibs when marking various materials outdoors. During the use of marker pens, because most marker pens allow for the replacement of ink refills, the nib is often more prone to wear and tear than other parts of the pen, affecting the user experience. Therefore, the ease of replacing the marker nib is a crucial factor in determining the user experience of a marker pen.
[0003] In the prior art, CN217435374U discloses a marker pen with an adjustable tip, but the method of directly inserting and removing the tip during replacement can easily cause the tip to deform, and additional tools (such as tweezers) are required for operation. In most marker pen usage scenarios, users do not easily obtain disassembly tools, making the tip replacement process very inconvenient.
[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address the problem that in existing marker tip replacement methods, directly plugging and unplugging the tip can easily cause tip deformation and requires additional tools, which are not readily available to users in most marker usage scenarios, making the tip replacement process inconvenient, this invention provides a marker tip that is easy to replace.
[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0007] A marker pen with an easily replaceable nib, wherein the marker pen with an easily replaceable nib comprises:
[0008] A pen casing, one end of which is provided with a mounting component, the mounting component including a mounting hole with a limiting thread on its inner side;
[0009] The pen tip has a locking component fixedly provided on its outer side, and the outer side of the locking component has a limiting screw groove that is adapted to the limiting screw.
[0010] The pen cap is detachably provided with a removal component, which includes two clamping rods arranged opposite each other at a predetermined distance, and the clamping rods are used to clamp the locking component.
[0011] The marker pen with easily replaceable nib, wherein the locking member has an extension at one end opposite to the pen shell, the diameter of the extension is smaller than the diameter of the main body of the locking member, the surface of the extension is roughened, and the extension is used to be clamped by the clamping rod.
[0012] The marker pen with easy-to-replace tip is provided in such a way that the locking member has a plurality of ventilation holes around the outer circumference of the extension, and the plurality of ventilation holes are provided through both ends of the locking member corresponding to the length direction of the pen tip.
[0013] The marker pen with easily replaceable nib has an open end where the pen cap fits into the pen shell, and the detachable part is detachably mounted on the other end of the pen cap.
[0014] The dismantling component includes a mounting base, and one end of each of the two clamping rods is fixedly connected to the mounting base.
[0015] The marker pen with easily replaceable nib, wherein the two clamping rods are arranged in a mirror image, and each clamping rod is provided with a clamping part that protrudes towards the other clamping rod, and the clamping part is provided with a contact layer, the contact layer being fitted and fixedly attached to the clamping part;
[0016] The clamping rod is an elastic clamping rod, and the contact layer is an elastic contact layer.
[0017] The marker pen with easy-to-replace nib, wherein the mounting base includes a sleeve, a limiting plate and a top cover, the sleeve is integrally formed on one side of the limiting plate and fits snugly with the pen cap sleeve;
[0018] The top cover is integrally formed and disposed on the other side of the limiting plate, and the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting plate is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the pen cap.
[0019] The marker pen with easily replaceable nib, wherein the mounting component includes a guide portion and a mounting portion, the guide portion is truncated cone-shaped, the larger diameter end of the guide portion is fixedly connected to the pen shell, the smaller diameter end of the guide portion is integrally formed with the mounting portion, and the mounting hole is disposed in the mounting portion.
[0020] The marker pen with a replaceable tip is described above, wherein the tip includes a liquid-drawing end, and when the tip is combined with the mounting part, the liquid-drawing end engages with the refill disposed inside the pen casing.
[0021] The marker pen with easily replaceable nib has a symmetrical end on the end of the pen casing facing away from the mounting member, and the shape of the symmetrical end is adapted to the shape of the pen cap.
[0022] The marker pen with easily replaceable nib, wherein the pen cap is provided with a decorative part, which may be hollowed out, protruded, engraved, or sprayed.
[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model provides an installation part with a limiting thread on the pen shell, a locking part with a limiting screw groove on the outside of the pen tip, and a removal part with a clamping rod detachably provided on the pen cap. Users can use the removal part to remove the pen tip for replacement in any scenario. Since the clamping rod actually contacts the locking part during the removal process, it will not damage the pen tip and can provide convenience for pen tip replacement, thus meeting the user's needs for replacing pen tips in multiple scenarios. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembly state of the marker pen of this utility model, which facilitates the replacement of the pen tip.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined state of the marker pen of this utility model that facilitates pen tip replacement;
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable component in the marker pen with an easily replaceable nib, according to this utility model.
[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the pen tip and locking component in a marker pen with an easily replaceable pen tip, as per this utility model.
[0028] exist Figures 1 to 4 In the middle: 100, pen shell; 110, mounting part; 111, guide part; 112, mounting part; 120, mounting hole; 130, limiting thread; 140, symmetrical end; 200, pen tip; 201, liquid-drawing end; 210, locking part; 211, limiting thread groove; 220, extension part; 230, vent hole; 300, pen cap; 310, decorative part; 400, removal part; 410, clamping rod; 411, clamping part; 412, contact layer; 420, mounting base; 421, ferrule; 422, limiting plate; 423, top cover. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this utility model clearer and more explicit, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.
[0030] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0031] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0032] In the prior art, CN217435374U discloses a marker pen with an adjustable tip, but the method of directly inserting and removing the tip during replacement can easily cause the tip to deform, and additional tools (such as tweezers) are required for operation. In most marker pen usage scenarios, users do not easily obtain disassembly tools, making the tip replacement process very inconvenient.
[0033] Based on the aforementioned problems in existing visual technologies, this utility model provides a marker pen with an easily replaceable nib, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the marker pen with easy-to-replace tip includes: a pen shell 100, one end of which is provided with a mounting member 110, the mounting member 110 including a mounting hole 120 with a limiting thread 130 on its inner side; a pen tip 200, the outer side of which is fixedly provided with a locking member 210, the outer side of which is provided with a limiting thread groove 211 adapted to the limiting thread 130; and a pen cap 300, on which a removal member 400 is detachably provided, the removal member 400 including two clamping rods 410 arranged opposite each other at a predetermined distance, the clamping rods 410 being used to clamp the locking member 210.
[0034] This utility model provides an mounting component 110 with a limiting thread 130 on the pen shell 100, a locking component 210 with a limiting thread groove 211 on the outside of the pen tip 200, and a detachable removal component 400 with a clamping rod 410 on the pen cap 300. Users can use the removal component 400 to remove the pen tip 200 for replacement in any scenario. Since the clamping rod 410 actually contacts the locking component 210 during the removal process, it will not damage the pen tip 200 and can provide convenience for replacing the pen tip 200, thus meeting the user's needs for replacing the pen tip 200 in multiple scenarios.
[0035] In the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main body of this utility model of a marker pen with an easily replaceable pen tip consists of a pen shell 100, a pen tip 200, and a pen cap 300. The pen shell 100 is used for the user to hold and for holding and sealing the ink structure. Since the ink structure is not improved in this application, it will not be described in detail. The ink structure located in the pen shell 100 in this application can be set with reference to existing technology, and those skilled in the art can set it according to actual usage needs. A mounting member 110 is provided at one end of the pen shell 100. This mounting member 110 is used to assemble with the pen tip 200 to form a complete, usable marker pen. In this embodiment, the mounting member 110 includes a mounting hole 120 for assembly with the pen tip 200. A limiting thread 130 is provided inside the mounting hole 120 to limit the installation position of the pen tip 200.
[0036] The pen tip 200 is made of fiber material commonly used in the prior art. In this embodiment, to facilitate user replacement of the pen tip 200, a locking member 210 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the pen tip 200. It should be noted that the locking member 210 is installed with the pen tip 200 during the production stage of the marker pen, eliminating the need for secondary installation or disassembly by the user. The outer side of the locking member 210 is provided with a limiting screw groove 211, which is connected to the limiting screw groove 211 in the aforementioned mounting hole 120. The positioning thread 130 adapts to the rotation of the thread, thus achieving the effect of stably installing the pen tip 200 in the mounting hole 120. On the other hand, due to the limitation of the setting range of the positioning thread 130 and the positioning groove 211, the combination of the positioning thread 130 and the positioning groove 211 also limits the installation depth of the pen tip 200, which can avoid the situation that the pen tip 200 is installed too deep, causing inconvenience in use, or that the pen tip 200 is installed too shallow, preventing the ink from being successfully transferred to the pen tip 200.
[0037] The pen cap 300 is used to attach to the pen casing 100 at the end corresponding to the pen tip 200 when the marker is not in use (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), to achieve the effect of protecting the pen tip 200, in this embodiment, as... Figure 1 As shown, a removal component 400 is provided on the pen cap 300. The removal component 400 includes a pair of opposing clamping rods 410 structures. When the pen cap 300 is fitted onto the pen case 100, the removal component 400 is combined with the pen cap 300 and hidden inside the pen cap 300. When the user needs to replace the pen tip 200, the removal component 400 can be separated from the pen cap 300 and used as a tool for replacing the pen tip 200.
[0038] In this embodiment, the removal component 400 includes two opposing clamping rods 410. During actual operation, by clamping the clamping rods 410 of the removal component 400 with the locking member 210 located outside the pen tip 200, and then pinching the clamping rods 410 with fingers, the locking member 210 can be easily rotated, thereby removing the pen tip 200. At the same time, it can prevent ink from being smeared on the fingers. After removing the original pen tip 200, the new pen tip 200 is fitted into the mounting hole 120, and then the locking member 210 of the new pen tip 200 is clamped by the clamping rods 410. By pinching the clamping rods 410 with fingers and rotating the locking member 210, the pen tip 200 can be installed on the pen shell 100. It can be seen that the process of replacing the pen tip 200 of the marker pen in this application is not limited by the user's scenario and can be carried out without additional tools.
[0039] In the above-described possible implementations, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, since the main structure of the locking member 210 is located within the mounting hole 120 for engagement, the clamping portion 411 may be too small when the locking member 210 is clamped using the clamping rod 410. To ensure a stable clamping between the locking member 210 and the clamping rod 410, in this embodiment, an extension portion 220 is provided at the end of the locking member 210 facing away from the pen shell 100. The diameter of the extension portion 220 is smaller than the diameter of the main body of the locking member 210, and the diameter of the extension portion 220 is larger than the diameter of the pen tip 200. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the extension 220 forms a stepped operating part on the locking member 210, which neither affects the engagement part of the upper limit screw groove 211 and the limit thread 130 of the main body of the locking member 210, nor does it provide space for the clamping rod 410 to clamp. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the locking member 210 is clamped by the clamping rod 410, the extension 220 is actually clamped, and the locking member 210 can be effectively and stably controlled without contacting the pen tip 200.
[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of vent holes 230 are also provided circumferentially on the portion of the locking member 210 corresponding to the outer side of the extension 220. The plurality of vent holes 230 are provided through the two ends of the locking member 210 corresponding to the pen tip 200 in the length direction. The function of the vent holes 230 is to connect the inside and outside of the pen shell 100. On the one hand, it can prevent the air pressure inside the pen shell 100 from being too high during the installation of the pen tip 200, which would affect the installation process. On the other hand, it has the function of ventilation, so that the ink inside the pen shell 100 can be smoothly drawn onto the smoother pen tip 200.
[0041] In another possible embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1As shown, the aforementioned disassembly component 400 also includes a mounting base 420. One end of the aforementioned clamping rod 410 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting base 420. The mounting base 420 serves two purposes: firstly, it facilitates the user's grip, and secondly, it functions as a combination connection with the pen cap 300. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when the pen cap 300 is combined with the pen case 100, the open end of the pen cap 300 is connected to the pen case 100, and the mounting base 420 is fastened to the other end of the pen cap 300, forming a simple combination style.
[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the actual installation of the above-mentioned removal component 400, the two clamping rods 410 have the same structure and are mirror images of each other. A clamping part 411 is provided on the end of the clamping rod 410 facing away from the mounting base 420 and protruding towards the other clamping rod 410. The clamping part 411 is provided in a shape that matches the curvature of the extension 220. In order to further improve the friction between the clamping part 411 and the extension 220, a contact layer 412 is also provided on the clamping part 411 in this embodiment. The contact layer 412 is fixedly installed in the slot in the center of the clamping part 411 by fitting and adhering. In the specific installation, the contact layer 412 can be made of a material with a high coefficient of friction such as rubber or silicone, while the clamping rod 410 can be made of the same plastic material as the mounting base 420. In the actual manufacturing process, the clamping rod 410 is preferably integrally molded with the mounting base 420, so as to form an elastic clamping structure through its material properties.
[0043] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the mounting base 420 is specifically composed of a sleeve 421, a limiting plate 422, and a top cover 423. The sleeve 421 is integrally formed on one side of the limiting plate 422. The sleeve 421 is the fixing structure that is actually combined with the pen cap 300. In actual use, by fitting the sleeve 421 onto the end of the pen cap 300, the disassembly part 400 can be stably combined with one end of the pen cap 300. The cross-sectional dimension of the limiting plate 422 is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the pen cap 300. Therefore, the limiting plate 422 has the effect of limiting the combination part of the disassembly part 400 and the pen cap 300, so as to avoid the disassembly part 400 and the pen cap 300 being combined too deeply, which would damage the pen tip 200 located on the pen shell 100. The top plate is integrally formed and set on the other side of the limiting plate 422. The top plate provides a force point for the user to separate and remove the parts 400 and the pen cap 300. At the same time, the top plate also makes the structure more aesthetically pleasing.
[0044] On the other hand, such as Figure 1As shown, the aforementioned mounting component 110 specifically consists of two parts: a guide part 111 and a mounting part 112. The guide part 111 is shaped like a frustum, its function being to provide auxiliary support for the user's grip on the marker, ensuring a comfortable hold. It also provides visual clearance for the pen tip 200, allowing the user to easily observe the position of the pen tip 200 while writing. The larger diameter end of the guide part 111 is fixedly connected to the pen shell 100, and the smaller diameter end is fixedly connected to the mounting part 112. In actual manufacturing, this can be achieved through a one-piece molding process. The mounting hole 120 is located within the mounting part 112, ensuring that the installed pen tip 200 is positioned on the extension line of the central axis of the pen shell 100, facilitating user operation.
[0045] In the above embodiments, the pen tip 200 should also include a liquid-drawing end 201, such as Figure 4 As shown, the ink-drawing end 201 is located on the end of the pen tip 200 that is inserted into the pen casing 100. The ink-drawing end 201 has a certain length and a pre-set shape at its end, enabling it to connect and cooperate with the ink supply structure inside the pen casing 100 to achieve the function of drawing ink. In a specific embodiment, the ink supply structure can be specifically set as a pen refill. Common pen refills are made of cotton material that locks in ink. When the ink-drawing end 201 is inserted into the pen refill, it can draw ink, thereby enabling the pen tip 200 to have a writing function.
[0046] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a symmetrical end 140 is provided on one end of the pen shell 100 away from the mounting member 110. The shape of the symmetrical end 140 is the same as that of the pen cap 300. In this embodiment, the symmetrical end 140 only has the same shape as the pen cap 300 at the other end of the pen shell 100, and does not have any actual function. When the pen shell 100 and the pen cap 300 are combined, the symmetrical end 140 has the function of making the two ends of the combined marker symmetrical, thereby making the product look beautiful.
[0047] Furthermore, in another specific embodiment, the aforementioned marker pen with easily replaceable tips can also be configured as a dual-tip structure, i.e. Figure 2 Both ends of the pen casing 100 shown have the complete structure of the aforementioned mounting part 110, pen tip 200 and pen cap 300. The symmetrical end 140 can also be used for writing by removing the pen cap 300 and using the corresponding pen tip 200. In this embodiment, the advantage of this arrangement is that the marker pen has two different types of pen tips 200 to meet the different needs of users. At the same time, combined with the setting of the removal part 400 of this utility model, users can quickly replace the pen tip 200 in any scenario.
[0048] In another possible embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a decorative part 310 is also provided on the pen cap 300. The decorative part 310 is used to decorate the appearance of the marker. The decorative part 310 can be made by means of hollowing, protrusion, engraving, spraying, etc. The specific setting type can be patterns, text, etc., so that the marker has a more beautiful appearance effect and enhances the brand recognition of the product among competitors.
[0049] Based on the above embodiments, the actual usage process of this utility model's easy-to-replace marker pen is as follows:
[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, when the user needs to replace the pen tip 200 of the marker, the pen cap 300 is separated from the pen shell 100, and then the removal part 400 on the pen cap 300 is separated. The locking part 210 on the current pen shell 100 is clamped by the clamping rod 410 on the removal part 400. The specific clamping part is the extension 220. Then, the two clamping rods 410 are pinched by the fingers to apply pressure, so that the contact layer 412 on the clamping rod 410 and the extension 220 are in full contact. After applying rotational force, the limiting thread 130 is separated from the limiting thread groove 211, thus completing the disassembly of the current pen tip 200.
[0051] When installing the new pen tip 200, clamp the clamping part 411 on the clamping rod 410 with the extension part 220 of the new pen tip 200, and then insert one end of the liquid-drawing end 201 of the new pen tip 200 into the mounting hole 120. Apply pressure by pinching the two clamping rods 410 with your fingers so that the contact layer 412 on the clamping rod 410 is in full contact with the extension part 220. Then apply rotational force to make the limiting thread 130 rotate and engage with the limiting thread groove 211, thus completing the replacement of the new pen tip 200. Finally, install the removed part 400 back onto the pen cap 300 to complete all operations.
[0052] In summary, this utility model provides a marker pen with an easily replaceable nib. The marker pen includes: a pen shell, one end of which has a mounting component, the mounting component including a mounting hole with a limiting thread on its inner side; a pen nib, the outer side of which is fixedly fitted with a locking component, the outer side of which has a limiting thread groove adapted to the limiting thread; and a pen cap, the pen cap having a detachable removal component, the removal component including two clamping rods spaced at a predetermined distance from each other, the clamping rods being used to clamp the locking component. This utility model, by providing a mounting component with a limiting thread on the pen shell, a locking component with a limiting thread groove on the outer side of the pen nib, and a detachable removal component with clamping rods on the pen cap, allows users to remove the pen nib for replacement in any scenario. Since the clamping rods actually contact the locking component during removal, it does not damage the pen nib and provides convenience for nib replacement, meeting users' needs for replacing pen nibs in various scenarios.
[0053] It should be understood that the application of this utility model is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A marker pen with an easily replaceable nib, characterized in that, The marker pen with easily replaceable nib includes: A pen casing, one end of which is provided with a mounting component, the mounting component including a mounting hole with a limiting thread on its inner side; The pen tip has a locking component fixedly provided on its outer side, and the outer side of the locking component has a limiting screw groove that is adapted to the limiting screw. The pen cap is detachably provided with a removal component, which includes two clamping rods arranged opposite each other at a predetermined distance, and the clamping rods are used to clamp the locking component.
2. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 1, characterized in that, An extension is provided at one end of the locking member away from the pen shell. The diameter of the extension is smaller than the diameter of the main body of the locking member. The surface of the extension is roughened. The extension is used to be clamped by the clamping rod.
3. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking member has a plurality of ventilation holes arranged around the outer periphery of the extension portion, and the plurality of ventilation holes are arranged through both ends of the locking member corresponding to the length direction of the pen tip.
4. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pen cap is open at one end where it fits into the pen shell, and the detachable part is detachably mounted on the other end of the pen cap; The dismantling component includes a mounting base, and one end of each of the two clamping rods is fixedly connected to the mounting base.
5. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two clamping rods are arranged in a mirror image. Each clamping rod is provided with a clamping part that protrudes towards the other clamping rod. The clamping part is provided with a contact layer, which is fitted and fixedly attached to the clamping part. The clamping rod is an elastic clamping rod, and the contact layer is an elastic contact layer.
6. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting base includes a sleeve, a limiting plate, and a top cover. The sleeve is integrally formed and disposed on one side of the limiting plate, and is properly fitted to the pen cap sleeve. The top cover is integrally formed and disposed on the other side of the limiting plate, and the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting plate is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the pen cap.
7. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting component includes a guide portion and a mounting portion. The guide portion is truncated cone-shaped. The larger diameter end of the guide portion is fixedly connected to the pen shell, and the smaller diameter end of the guide portion is integrally formed with the mounting portion. The mounting hole is disposed in the mounting portion.
8. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pen tip includes a liquid-drawing end, which connects with the pen refill disposed inside the pen casing when the pen tip is combined with the mounting part.
9. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pen casing has a symmetrical end at one end opposite to the mounting component, and the shape of the symmetrical end is adapted to the shape of the pen cap.
10. The marker pen with easily replaceable nib according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pen cap is provided with a decorative part, which may be hollowed out, protruding, engraved, or sprayed.