Efficient chicken manure composting reactor integrated with carbon-nitrogen ratio adjusting function
By integrating a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment and deep aeration, the problems of uneven carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment and oxygen supply in chicken manure treatment have been solved, achieving efficient and uniform fermentation and improving the quality and efficiency of chicken manure composting.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522709819.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing chicken manure treatment technologies lack precise real-time adjustment methods for the carbon-nitrogen ratio during fermentation and efficient and uniform oxygen supply mechanisms, resulting in severe nitrogen volatilization loss, oxygen deficiency in the compost center, low fermentation efficiency, and uneven quality.
A high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function was designed. An ammonia concentration sensor and a screw conveyor were used to construct an automatic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment closed-loop system. Deep aeration was achieved through a hollow main shaft and air holes. Forced stirring was carried out by a drive motor and turning blades to ensure uniform oxygen supply.
It enables precise control of the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the chicken manure composting process, reduces nitrogen loss, improves fermentation efficiency and product quality, and shortens the fermentation cycle.
Smart Images
Figure CN223837319U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural waste treatment technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function. Background Technology
[0002] In modern animal husbandry, chicken manure is a major agricultural waste, and its harmless and resource-based treatment is a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Traditional chicken manure treatment methods mainly involve open-air dumping and simple static composting, which have significant drawbacks.
[0003] First, chicken manure is a typical high-nitrogen organic material, with an initial carbon-to-nitrogen ratio far below the optimal range required for aerobic composting, which is 25:1 to 30:1. During fermentation, due to the lack of sufficient carbon source to fix nitrogen, a large amount of nitrogen will volatilize and escape in the form of ammonia. This large-scale emission of ammonia not only causes serious air pollution and resource waste, but also reduces the fertilizer efficiency of the final fertilizer, making it difficult for the composting process to reach the standard of complete decomposition, thus affecting the quality of the final product. In addition, most existing composting devices rely on manual experience to judge, or mix auxiliary materials all at once before composting begins, lacking a real-time monitoring and precise control mechanism for the dynamic changes in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio during fermentation. Once fermentation gets out of control, it is difficult to intervene in a timely and effective manner.
[0004] Secondly, traditional static composting and simple fermentation tanks rely on forced draft and natural ventilation for aerobic fermentation. However, the high viscosity and density of chicken manure piles make it difficult for external air to effectively penetrate into the central area of the pile. This results in the central area of the compost being in a state of long-term anoxic and anaerobic conditions, inhibiting the activity of aerobic microorganisms, leading to slow central fermentation, low temperature, uneven maturation of the final product, and reduced overall processing efficiency.
[0005] Therefore, existing chicken manure composting technology has significant shortcomings in terms of lacking precise and real-time adjustment methods for the key parameter of carbon-nitrogen ratio in the fermentation process and lacking an efficient and uniform internal oxygen supply mechanism, which greatly restricts the efficiency of chicken manure treatment and the level of resource utilization.
[0006] Therefore, this invention proposes a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Utility Model Content
[0007] In view of the problems in the existing technology of high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactors with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function, such as the lack of precise and real-time adjustment means for the key parameter of fermentation process—the carbon-nitrogen ratio—and the lack of an efficient and uniform internal oxygen supply mechanism, this utility model aims to provide a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function that has an improved structure and can effectively solve the above problems.
[0008] This utility model provides a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function, including: fermentation tank, chicken manure feed hopper, cover, carbon source auxiliary material silo, screw conveyor, drive motor, main shaft, turning blades, air holes, airtight bearings, ventilation pipe, temperature and humidity sensor, ammonia concentration sensor, pressure relief valve, sealed discharge door and latch.
[0009] The spindle has a hollow cavity inside, and the surface of the spindle has air holes that communicate with the hollow cavity.
[0010] Furthermore, a main shaft is horizontally rotatably connected inside the fermentation tank, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the main shaft for transmission. Turning blades are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft. An airtight bearing is fixedly connected to the left end of the main shaft, and the airtight bearing is connected to a vent pipe. External air enters the interior of the main shaft through the vent pipe and the airtight bearing and is discharged through the air holes, realizing the synergistic effect of deep internal aeration during the rotation and turning of the main shaft. At the same time, a carbon source auxiliary material bin is fixedly connected to the top right side of the fermentation tank, and a screw conveyor is connected to the bottom of the carbon source auxiliary material bin. The output port of the screw conveyor is connected to the center of the top of the fermentation tank. An ammonia concentration sensor is installed on the front surface of the fermentation tank. The sensor uses the monitored data as a feedback signal to control the screw conveyor to transport auxiliary materials into the tank, thereby realizing precise automatic adjustment of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost.
[0011] Preferably, there are two drive motors and two main shafts. The two drive motors are fixed to the right side of the fermentation tank with vertical or front-to-back spacing. The two main shafts run parallel and transversely through the inside of the fermentation tank and are respectively connected to the output end of the corresponding drive motor to provide greater stirring torque.
[0012] Preferably, the inner ring of the airtight bearing is fixedly connected to the right end of the vent pipe, and the outer ring of the airtight bearing is fixedly connected to the left end of the main shaft. The left end of the vent pipe is used to connect to an external air compression device, ensuring the stability and airtightness of the air circuit connection.
[0013] Preferably, there are two sealed discharge doors, which are symmetrically hinged to the opening at the bottom of the fermentation tank. The lock installed at the bottom includes a locking hook fixed on one of the sealed discharge doors and a locking groove fixed on the other sealed discharge door. The locking hook and the locking groove cooperate to lock the two sealed discharge doors, ensuring the airtightness during the fermentation process.
[0014] Preferably, the screw conveyor tube is arranged in an inclined or horizontal manner, and the screw conveyor is equipped with a screw auger shaft inside, which is driven by an independent conveying motor for accurate metering and conveying of auxiliary materials.
[0015] Preferably, the bottom edge of the cover is provided with a sealing gasket, which fits tightly against the top edge of the chicken manure feed hopper when the cover is closed, to prevent odor from escaping.
[0016] Preferably, the tumbling blades are arranged in a spiral along the axial direction of the main shaft, and there are overlapping mixing areas between adjacent tumbling blades to optimize the axial and radial mixing effect of the material.
[0017] Preferably, the detection probes of the temperature and humidity sensor and the ammonia concentration sensor pass through the side wall of the fermenter and extend above the material accumulation area inside the fermenter to obtain representative fermentation environment data.
[0018] Preferably, the outer wall of the fermentation tank is also wrapped with an insulation layer to maintain the high temperature required for fermentation. At the same time, the pressure relief valve is set with a preset pressure threshold. When the gas pressure inside the tank exceeds the threshold, it will automatically release pressure to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.
[0019] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] 1. This utility model constructs an automatic carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment closed-loop system by setting an ammonia concentration sensor and a screw conveyor connected to the carbon source auxiliary material silo. This solves the problem of the lack of real-time carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment means in the prior art, which leads to a large loss of nitrogen in the form of ammonia during fermentation. It achieves the effects of precise control of composting process, reduction of nitrogen loss and improvement of finished fertilizer efficiency.
[0021] 2. This utility model, by designing the main shaft as a hollow structure with air holes on its surface, combined with the airtight bearing and vent pipe at the end, achieves direct internal aeration of the deep area of the material while turning and stirring. This solves the problems of uneven oxygen supply, easy oxygen deficiency in the compost center, and low fermentation efficiency of traditional external ventilation methods, and achieves the effect of uniform and thorough oxygen supply and significantly improves the composting efficiency of chicken manure.
[0022] 3. This utility model solves the problems of high viscosity of chicken manure and uneven mixing in traditional static composting by using a main shaft driven by a drive motor and turning blades to force-stir the material, thereby achieving the effects of accelerating uniform mixing of materials, shortening the fermentation cycle, and improving compost quality. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function proposed in this utility model.
[0024] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function proposed in this utility model.
[0025] Figure 3This is a front view of a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function proposed in this utility model.
[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fermentation tank in a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function proposed in this utility model.
[0027] Legend:
[0028] 1. Fermentation tank; 2. Chicken manure feed hopper; 3. Cover; 4. Carbon source auxiliary material bin; 5. Screw conveyor; 6. Drive motor; 7. Main shaft; 8. Turning blades; 9. Vent holes; 10. Airtight bearing; 11. Vent pipe; 12. Temperature and humidity sensor; 13. Ammonia concentration sensor; 14. Pressure relief valve; 15. Sealed discharge door; 16. Lock. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Example
[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 This utility model provides a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function, which aims to solve the problems of lack of real-time carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment means and insufficient oxygen supply in aerobic composting centers in the prior art.
[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment function includes a fermentation tank 1, which is the main container of the entire composting reaction. A chicken manure feed hopper 2 is fixedly connected to the top left side of the fermentation tank 1 for feeding in the initial chicken manure raw material. A cover 3 is rotatably connected to the top of the chicken manure feed hopper 2. A sealing gasket is provided at the bottom edge of the cover 3. When the cover 3 is closed, it fits tightly with the top edge of the chicken manure feed hopper 2 to achieve sealing after the raw material is fed in.
[0032] As one of the core innovative structures of this utility model, a carbon source auxiliary material bin 4 is fixedly connected to the top right side of the fermentation tank 1 for storing auxiliary materials such as sawdust and straw to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio. A screw conveyor 5 is connected to the bottom of the carbon source auxiliary material bin 4. The inlet of the screw conveyor 5 is connected to the bottom of the carbon source auxiliary material bin 4, and its outlet is connected to the top center of the fermentation tank 1 so as to transport the auxiliary materials into the tank. The pipe of the screw conveyor 5 is arranged in an inclined or horizontal shape, and a screw auger shaft is provided inside the screw conveyor 5. The screw auger shaft is driven by an independent conveying motor to precisely control the amount of auxiliary materials added.
[0033] A drive motor 6 is fixedly connected to the right side of the fermentation tank 1. A main shaft 7 is horizontally rotatably connected inside the fermentation tank 1. The output end of the drive motor 6 is connected to the main shaft 7 to drive the main shaft 7 to rotate. A turning blade 8 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft 7. The turning blade 8 is arranged in a spiral along the axial direction of the main shaft 7, and there is an overlapping stirring area between adjacent turning blades 8, which is used to uniformly turn and stir the material in the fermentation tank 1.
[0034] Another core innovative structure is the oxygen supply mechanism. The main shaft 7 has a hollow cavity inside, and the surface of the main shaft 7 has air holes 9 that communicate with the hollow cavity. An airtight bearing 10 is fixedly connected to the left end of the main shaft 7. The inner ring of the airtight bearing 10 is fixedly connected to the right end of the air pipe 11, and the outer ring of the airtight bearing 10 is fixedly connected to the left end of the main shaft 7. The left end of the air pipe 11 is used to connect to an external air compression device, so that external air enters the hollow main shaft 7 through the air pipe 11 and the airtight bearing 10 and is discharged through the air holes 9, realizing deep internal aeration during the rotation and stirring process and ensuring the oxygen supply in the central area of composting.
[0035] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The temperature and humidity sensor 12 and the ammonia concentration sensor 13 have highly sensitive detection probes. These two sensors are fixedly installed on the front outer wall of the fermentation tank 1, and the detection probes extend through the side wall of the fermentation tank 1 to the material accumulation area inside the fermentation tank 1. Their function is to collect environmental parameters in real time during the fermentation process. The data detected by the ammonia concentration sensor 13 is used as a feedback signal to control the start and stop of the aforementioned screw conveyor 5, thereby realizing automatic carbon replenishment.
[0036] Meanwhile, a pressure relief valve 14 for pressure balance is correspondingly provided on the fermentation tank 1. The pressure relief valve 14 is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank 1. When the gas generated by fermentation causes the gas pressure inside the tank to exceed the preset threshold, the pressure relief valve 14 automatically opens to release gas. The outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 is also wrapped with a heat insulation layer to maintain the fermentation temperature.
[0037] At the bottom opening of the fermentation tank 1, a sealed discharge door 15 is provided. The sealed discharge door 15 is rotatably connected to the bottom edge of the fermentation tank 1 via a hinge. In the assembled and working state, the sealed discharge door 15 is kept closed by a latch 16. The latch 16 includes a latch hook fixed on one of the sealed discharge doors 15 and a latch groove fixed on the other sealed discharge door 15. The latch hook engages in the latch groove. This mechanical locking structure ensures absolute sealing at the bottom during the fermentation process, prevents leakage of fermentation liquid, and unlocks and opens after the fermentation is completed, allowing the finished fertilizer to be discharged under gravity.
[0038] In addition, to enhance the mixing ability of high-viscosity chicken manure, the aforementioned drive motor 6 and main shaft 7 are preferably two. The two drive motors 6 are fixed on the right side of the fermentation tank 1 with vertical or front-to-back spacing. The two main shafts 7 run parallel and transversely through the inside of the fermentation tank 1 and are respectively connected to the output end of the corresponding drive motor 6. The tumbling blades 8 on the two main shafts 7 are staggered in space to avoid rotational interference and increase the mixing area.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in order to achieve a stable air supply connection in the rotating state, the inner ring of the airtight bearing 10 is fixedly connected to the right end of the vent pipe 11, the outer ring of the airtight bearing 10 is fixedly connected to the left end of the main shaft 7, and the left end of the vent pipe 11 is used to connect to an external air compression device, thereby establishing a continuous air path from the stationary pipe to the hollow cavity inside the rotating main shaft 7.
[0040] As another preferred embodiment, in order to ensure the smoothness and controllability of the carbon source auxiliary material conveying, the screw conveyor 5 is arranged in an inclined or horizontal manner, and the screw conveyor 5 is equipped with a screw auger shaft inside, which is driven by an independent conveying motor, so that the conveying amount of sawdust or straw can be precisely adjusted according to the instructions.
[0041] As another preferred embodiment, in order to prevent the odor from overflowing from the chicken manure inlet, the bottom edge of the cover 3 is provided with a sealing gasket, and when the cover is closed, it fits tightly with the top edge of the chicken manure feed hopper 2 to form an airtight barrier.
[0042] As another preferred embodiment, in order to improve the uniformity of material mixing and eliminate the dead zone of stirring, the tumbling blades 8 are arranged in a spiral shape along the main shaft 7, and there is an overlapping stirring area between adjacent tumbling blades 8, so that the material moves axially while being tumbled.
[0043] As another preferred embodiment, in order to ensure the locking reliability of the bottom discharge structure, the locking buckle 16 specifically includes a locking hook fixed on one of the sealed discharge doors 15 and a locking groove fixed on the other sealed discharge door 15. The locking hook and the locking groove engage with each other to lock the two sealed discharge doors 15 in the closed position.
[0044] As another preferred embodiment, in order to improve the representativeness and accuracy of the monitoring data, the detection probes of the temperature and humidity sensor 12 and the ammonia concentration sensor 13 directly penetrate the side wall of the fermentation tank 1 and extend to the area directly above the material accumulation area inside the fermentation tank 1, directly contacting the microenvironment generated by fermentation.
[0045] As another preferred embodiment, in order to maintain the high temperature environment required for fermentation and ensure the safety of container pressure, the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 is wrapped with a heat insulation layer, and the pressure relief valve 14 is set with a preset pressure threshold. When the gas pressure inside the fermentation tank 1 exceeds the threshold due to fermentation gas production, the valve automatically opens to release gas to balance the pressure.
[0046] Working principle: When in use, first put chicken manure raw material into chicken manure feed hopper 2, and put sawdust and straw and other carbon source auxiliary materials into carbon source auxiliary material bin 4. Cover 3 on top of chicken manure feed hopper 2 to keep it sealed.
[0047] During the composting fermentation process, temperature and humidity sensor 12 monitors the temperature and humidity inside fermentation tank 1 in real time, and ammonia concentration sensor 13 monitors the ammonia concentration produced during fermentation in real time.
[0048] Carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is the core function of this device. When the value detected by the ammonia concentration sensor 13 increases, it indicates that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is too low and nitrogen is lost in large quantities in the form of ammonia. The control system will start the screw conveyor 5 to drive the internal screw auger shaft to rotate. The screw conveyor 5 transports the auxiliary materials in the carbon source auxiliary material bin 4 to the fermentation tank 1 to increase the carbon content in the material, thereby realizing the automatic adjustment and optimization of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of compost.
[0049] During the fermentation process, the drive motor 6 is started, which drives the connected main shaft 7 to rotate. The turning blades 8 on the main shaft 7 evenly and thoroughly stir and turn the material in the fermentation tank 1, accelerating the fermentation reaction.
[0050] Meanwhile, an external air compressor inputs air through the vent pipe 11. The gas passes through the airtight bearing 10 and enters the hollow cavity inside the rotating main shaft 7, and is discharged from the air holes 9 on the surface of the main shaft 7. The air is directly aerated in the deep area of the material through the air holes 9, ensuring the oxygen supply that is crucial for aerobic microorganisms and improving composting efficiency.
[0051] When the air pressure inside the fermentation tank 1 exceeds the preset pressure threshold set by the pressure relief valve 14, the pressure relief valve 14 will automatically open to balance the pressure inside the tank and ensure the safety of the device.
[0052] Once the material has fermented and decomposed, release the lock 16 and discharge the finished fertilizer through the sealed discharge door 15, completing one composting cycle.
Claims
1. A high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function, comprising: Fermentation tank (1), a chicken manure feed hopper (2) is fixedly connected to the top left side of the fermentation tank (1), and a cover (3) is rotatably connected to the top of the chicken manure feed hopper (2). Its features are, A carbon source auxiliary material bin (4) is fixedly connected to the top right side of the fermentation tank (1). A screw conveyor (5) is connected to the bottom of the carbon source auxiliary material bin (4). The inlet of the screw conveyor (5) is connected to the bottom of the carbon source auxiliary material bin (4), and the outlet of the screw conveyor (5) is connected to the center of the top of the fermentation tank (1). A drive motor (6) is fixedly connected to the right side of the fermentation tank (1), and a main shaft (7) is horizontally rotatably connected inside the fermentation tank (1). The output end of the drive motor (6) is connected to the main shaft (7) for transmission. A turning blade (8) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft (7). The spindle (7) has a hollow cavity inside, and the surface of the spindle (7) has an air hole (9) communicating with the hollow cavity. The left end of the spindle (7) is fixedly connected to an airtight bearing (10), and the airtight bearing (10) is connected to a vent pipe (11). External air enters the spindle (7) through the vent pipe (11) and the airtight bearing (10) and is discharged through the air hole (9). A temperature and humidity sensor (12) and an ammonia concentration sensor (13) are installed on the front surface of the fermentation tank (1). A pressure relief valve (14) is fixedly connected through the top of the fermentation tank (1). A sealed discharge door (15) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fermentation tank (1). A latch (16) is installed on the sealed discharge door (15).
2. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the drive motor (6) and the main shaft (7) are both two. The two drive motors (6) are fixed on the right side of the fermentation tank (1) with vertical or front-to-back spacing. The two main shafts (7) run horizontally through the inside of the fermentation tank (1) and are respectively connected to the output end of the corresponding drive motor (6).
3. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ring of the airtight bearing (10) is fixedly connected to the right end of the vent pipe (11), and the outer ring of the airtight bearing (10) is fixedly connected to the left end of the main shaft (7). The left end of the vent pipe (11) is used to connect to an external air compression device.
4. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom left side of the cover (3) is rotatably connected to the top left side of the chicken manure feed hopper (2). The bottom edge of the cover (3) is provided with a sealing gasket, and when closed, it fits tightly with the top edge of the chicken manure feed hopper (2).
5. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipe of the screw conveyor (5) is arranged in an inclined or horizontal manner, and the screw conveyor (5) is equipped with a screw auger shaft inside, which is driven by an independent conveying motor.
6. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tumbling blades (8) are arranged in a spiral along the axial direction of the main shaft (7), and there is an overlapping stirring area between adjacent tumbling blades (8).
7. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the sealed discharge doors (15) is two, and the two sealed discharge doors (15) are symmetrically hinged at the opening at the bottom of the fermentation tank (1).
8. A high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The latch (16) includes a hook fixed to one of the sealed discharge doors (15) and a groove fixed to the other sealed discharge door (15), the hook and the groove cooperating to lock the two sealed discharge doors (15).
9. The high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection probes of the temperature and humidity sensor (12) and the ammonia concentration sensor (13) pass through the side wall of the fermentation tank (1) and extend above the material accumulation area inside the fermentation tank (1).
10. A high-efficiency chicken manure composting reactor with integrated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio adjustment function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the fermentation tank (1) is also covered with a heat insulation layer. The pressure relief valve (14) is set with a preset pressure threshold. When the gas pressure inside the fermentation tank (1) exceeds the threshold, it will automatically open to release gas.