Heating unit, heating module of battery and battery
By introducing a stacked structure of a constant resistance heating layer and a PTC heating layer into the battery heating unit, the safety and reliability issues of the battery heating component in low-temperature environments are solved, and the safety and temperature uniformity of battery heating are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520073907.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing battery heating components have poor safety and reliability, especially in low-temperature environments where PTC heating films are prone to damage due to excessive current caused by low resistance.
The heating unit structure adopts a stacked constant resistance heating layer and a PTC heating layer. The constant resistance heating layer and the PTC heating layer are connected in series. The minimum resistance is limited by the constant resistance heating layer to avoid excessive current in the PTC heating layer. The heat transfer and uniformity are optimized by combining a thermally conductive insulation layer and a heat insulation layer.
It improves the safety and reliability of the battery heating components, avoids the risk of damage to the heating unit, improves current utilization efficiency and heating efficiency, and achieves temperature uniformity in the battery heating area.
Smart Images
Figure CN223842986U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery heating technology, and in particular to a heating unit, a battery heating module, and a battery. Background Technology
[0002] Batteries are the core component for powering devices. To prevent low temperatures from affecting the battery's power output, batteries are usually equipped with heating elements. These elements heat the battery, ensuring good performance even in low-temperature environments.
[0003] In related technologies, the heating element is typically a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heating film. The resistance of a PTC heating film increases with increasing temperature, exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient characteristic within a specific temperature range. This allows the PTC heating film to maintain a relatively stable output power at its normal operating temperature. Simultaneously, the PTC heating film possesses self-limiting temperature characteristics; that is, when the temperature reaches a certain value, its resistance increases sharply, thereby limiting further heating and improving safety.
[0004] However, at low temperatures, the PTC heating film has a low resistance, which can cause excessive heating current, leading to overload and potential damage to the heating element. Therefore, the safety and reliability of heating elements in batteries using this technology are relatively poor. Utility Model Content
[0005] This utility model discloses a heating unit, a heating module for a battery, and a battery, in order to solve the problem of poor safety and reliability of the heating components of a battery.
[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A heating unit, comprising:
[0008] A constant resistance heating layer and a PTC heating layer are stacked together, and the PTC heating layer and the constant resistance heating layer are electrically connected.
[0009] The PTC heating layer and the constant resistance heating layer are electrically connected to the positive electrode connection and the negative electrode connection, respectively. The positive electrode connection is used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode connection is used to connect to the negative electrode of the power supply.
[0010] A heating module for a battery includes the heating unit described above; the number of heating units is multiple, and the multiple heating units are arranged side by side in the heating area of the battery.
[0011] A battery includes a cell module and the aforementioned heating module, wherein the cell module has a heating area and a plurality of heating units are arranged side by side in the heating area.
[0012] The technical solution adopted in this utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects:
[0013] The heating unit disclosed in this utility model includes a constant resistance heating layer and a PTC heating layer stacked on top of each other, and the PTC heating layer and the constant resistance heating layer are electrically connected. In this design, the constant resistance heating layer is used to limit the minimum resistance of the heating unit. Therefore, when the heating unit is at a low temperature, the constant resistance heating layer can carry a larger current, thereby avoiding the risk of excessive heating current in the PTC heating layer, and thus avoiding the risk of damage to the heating unit. This improves the safety and reliability of the battery's heating components. Attached Figure Description
[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating unit disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a heating unit disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0017] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of another heating unit disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heating module disclosed in the embodiment of this utility model;
[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heating module disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0020] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a heating module disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another heating module disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 8This is a cross-sectional view of another heating module disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the battery structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0025] 100-Heating module, 110-Heating unit, 111-Constant resistance heating layer, 112-PTC heating layer, 113-Positive electrode electrical connection part, 114-Negative electrode electrical connection part, 115-Thermal conductive insulation layer, 116-Insulation layer, 120-Positive electrode connection circuit, 130-Negative electrode connection circuit, 140-Bearing base layer, 200-Cell module, 210-Cell. Detailed Implementation
[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0027] The technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0028] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this utility model embodiment discloses a heating unit 110, which is applied to a battery. The disclosed heating unit 110 includes a constant resistance heating layer 111, a PTC heating layer 112, a positive electrode electrical connection portion 113, and a negative electrode electrical connection portion 114.
[0029] The resistance value of the constant resistance heating layer 111 is a constant value, meaning that the resistance value of the constant resistance heating layer 111 does not change with the temperature of the heating unit 110. The constant resistance heating layer 111 can be a heating resistor or a heating wire, or other heating structures with a constant resistance value.
[0030] The PTC heating layer 112 is a heating structure made of PTC material. The resistance of the PTC heating layer 112 increases with temperature, exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient within a specific temperature range. This allows the PTC heating layer 112 to maintain a relatively stable output power at its normal operating temperature. Simultaneously, the PTC heating layer 112 has a self-limiting temperature characteristic; that is, when the temperature reaches a certain value, its resistance increases sharply, thereby limiting further heating and improving safety. Therefore, the PTC heating layer 112 features automatic temperature control, high thermal efficiency, and good safety.
[0031] Specifically, the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112 are stacked together, and the PTC heating layer 112 is electrically connected to the constant resistance heating layer 111. This can be understood as the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112 being connected in series. Optionally, the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112 can be electrically connected through electrical connection structures such as wires, gold fingers, or metal springs.
[0032] One of the PTC heating layer 112 and the constant resistance heating layer 111 is electrically connected to the positive electrode connection portion 113, and the other is electrically connected to the negative electrode connection portion 114. Here, the positive electrode connection portion 113 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode connection portion 114 is used to connect to the negative electrode of the power supply. At this time, the power supply, the positive electrode connection portion 113, the PTC heating layer 112, the constant resistance heating layer 111, and the negative electrode connection portion 114 are connected in series to form a closed circuit. Here, the power supply is used to supply power to the PTC heating layer 112 and the constant resistance heating layer 111. The power supply can be a battery used for heating, or it can be other backup power sources; for example, in a car, the power supply can be a solar panel installed on the vehicle.
[0033] In the specific heating process of heating unit 110, during the initial heating stage, the temperature of heating unit 110 is relatively low, and the resistance of PTC heating layer 112 is relatively low. This can be understood as the resistance of PTC heating layer 112 being less than the resistance of constant resistance heating layer 111. Since heating unit 110 has a series circuit structure, the current in PTC heating layer 112 and constant resistance heating layer 111 is equal. Because the resistance of PTC heating layer 112 is less than the resistance of constant resistance heating layer 111, the voltage of PTC heating layer 112 is less than the voltage of constant resistance heating layer 111. Therefore, according to the heating power calculation formula P=UI, the heating power of constant resistance heating layer 111 is greater than the heating power of PTC heating layer 112. Thus, during the initial heating stage, the temperature of heating unit 110 mainly depends on constant resistance heating layer 111.
[0034] As the temperature of heating unit 110 continuously increases, the resistance of PTC heating layer 112 continuously increases, thus increasing the voltage of PTC heating layer 112. Consequently, the heating power of PTC heating layer 112 exceeds the heating power of constant resistance heating layer 111. Since the voltage of constant resistance heating layer 111 decreases, its heating power decreases as the temperature continues to rise. At this point, the temperature of heating unit 110 primarily depends on PTC heating layer 112.
[0035] When the temperature of the heating unit 110 reaches a certain value, the resistance of the PTC heating layer 112 increases sharply, thereby limiting further heating of the PTC heating layer 112, and thus keeping the heating temperature of the heating unit 110 within a stable temperature range.
[0036] In the embodiments disclosed in this application, the constant resistance heating layer 111 is used to limit the minimum resistance of the heating unit 110, and the constant resistance heating layer 111 increases the overall resistance value of the heating unit 110. Therefore, when the heating unit 110 is at a low temperature, the constant resistance heating layer 111 can carry a larger current, thereby avoiding the risk of excessive heating current of the PTC heating layer 112, and thus avoiding the risk of damage to the heating unit 110, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery heating component.
[0037] Furthermore, in the heating unit 110 disclosed in this application, the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112 are connected in series, which can avoid the risk of excessive heating current and also utilize the heating current in low-temperature environments, thereby improving the current utilization efficiency of the heating unit 110. In addition, during the low-temperature stage of the heating unit 110, the constant resistance heating layer 111 can quickly increase the temperature of the heating unit 110, thus improving the heating efficiency of the heating unit 110 disclosed in this application.
[0038] In another alternative embodiment, the heating unit 110 may further include a thermally conductive insulating layer 115, which may be located between the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112. In this embodiment, the thermally conductive insulating layer 115 can conduct and evenly distribute the heat generated by the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112, thereby further improving the heating performance of the heating unit 110. Furthermore, the thermally conductive insulating layer 115 can separate the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112, thereby avoiding the risk of an open circuit between the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112.
[0039] Optionally, the thermally conductive insulating layer 115 can be made of materials such as foam or silicone. Of course, the thermally conductive insulating layer 115 can also be made of other materials, which are not limited in this article.
[0040] In the above scheme, the side of the PTC heating layer 112 in the heating unit 110 can face the heating area of the battery; alternatively, the side of the constant resistance heating layer 111 can face the heating area of the battery. Here, the heating area of the battery refers to the location on the battery that needs to be heated. Specifically, it can be the area on the battery cell module 200.
[0041] In an alternative embodiment, the heating unit 110 may further include a heat insulation layer 116, which may be disposed on the side of the constant resistance heating layer 111 away from the thermally conductive insulating layer 115. In this case, the heat insulation layer 116, the constant resistance heating layer 111, the thermally conductive insulating layer 115, and the PTC heating layer 112 are stacked sequentially. In this embodiment, the side containing the PTC heating layer 112 may face the heating area of the battery, while the side containing the constant resistance heating layer 111 may face away from the heating area of the battery. Therefore, to prevent the heating unit 110 from losing heat too quickly, a heat insulation layer 116 may be disposed on the side of the heating unit 110 facing away from the heating area of the battery. This side facing away from the heating area of the battery can be understood as the side of the constant resistance heating layer 111 facing away from the thermally conductive insulating layer 115. Therefore, disposing of a heat insulation layer 116 on the side of the constant resistance heating layer 111 facing away from the thermally conductive insulating layer 115 can improve the heat preservation effect of the heating unit 110, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the heating unit 110.
[0042] In the above scheme, the area of the constant resistance heating layer 111 can be smaller than the area of the PTC heating layer 112. Alternatively, the area of the constant resistance heating layer 111 can also be larger than the area of the PTC heating layer 112.
[0043] In another alternative scheme, along the arrangement direction of the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112, the outline of the orthographic projection of the constant resistance heating layer 111 coincides with the outline of the orthographic projection of the PTC heating layer 112. In this case, the area of the orthographic projection of the constant resistance heating layer 111 is the same as the area of the orthographic projection of the PTC heating layer 112, and they exactly overlap. This scheme makes the structure of the heating unit 110 more regular and the heat transfer more uniform.
[0044] In related technologies, battery cell modules 200 are typically composed of multiple stacked cells 210, resulting in a relatively large volume. When heating components heat the cell module 200, it can cause uneven surface temperatures. For example, cells 210 located on the outer edges of the cell module 200 have a larger contact area with cold air, resulting in faster heat dissipation and a relatively slower temperature rise. Conversely, cells 210 located on the inner edges of the cell module 200 dissipate heat more slowly, leading to a relatively faster temperature rise. Therefore, heating components in related technologies can easily cause uneven temperature rise in different areas of the battery's heating zone, thus affecting the battery's safety and reliability.
[0045] Based on this, such as Figures 4 to 8 As shown in the figure, this application also discloses a heating module 100, which includes the heating unit 110 described in any of the above embodiments. In the heating module 100 disclosed in this application, the number of heating units 110 can be multiple, and the multiple heating units 110 are arranged side by side in the heating area of the battery.
[0046] During the heating process, when the temperature of a certain heating unit 110 is higher than that of other heating units 110, the resistance of that heating unit 110 will also be correspondingly higher, referring to the resistance of its PTC heating layer 112. Consequently, the heating power of that heating unit 110 will be lower than that of the other heating units 110. This allows the multiple heating units 110 in the heating module 100 to automatically adjust their respective heating power, making their temperatures tend to be similar. Here, "uniform temperature" (or "tending to be similar") refers to a temperature range, not a completely uniform temperature.
[0047] At this point, the convergence of temperatures among the multiple heating units 110 involves two aspects: temperature differences during the heating process and temperature differences when the temperature stabilizes. For example, during the heating process, the heating rate of the cells 210 located on the outer side of the cell module 200 is slower. At this time, the temperature of the heating unit 110 in this area is lower, resulting in a lower resistance of the PTC heating layer 112 of the heating unit 110. Therefore, the heating power of the corresponding heating unit 110 in this area is higher, thus increasing the heating rate of this area. Conversely, the heating rate of the cells 210 located on the inner side of the cell module 200 is relatively faster, resulting in a higher temperature of the heating unit 110 in this area. This increases the resistance of the PTC heating layer 112 of the heating unit 110, thus reducing the heating power of the corresponding heating unit 110 in this area. This reduces the heating rate of this area, thereby adjusting the heating rate of the inner and outer areas of the cell module 200 to a relatively stable temperature range. Furthermore, when the temperature is stable, the heating areas of the battery cell module 200 can be kept within a relatively stable temperature range by dynamically adjusting the heating units 110 in different areas. The phenomenon of reduced heating power due to increased resistance of the PTC heating layer 112 occurs within the self-limiting resistance range of the PTC heating layer 112.
[0048] In the embodiments disclosed in this application, the heating module 100 includes a plurality of heating units 110. The plurality of heating units 110 can automatically adjust their respective heating power. At this time, each heating unit 110 can heat a required temperature area, thereby making the temperature of each area heated by the plurality of heating units 110 tend to be close, so that the temperature of different positions of the heating area of the battery is relatively uniform, thus improving the safety and reliability of the battery.
[0049] In the above scheme, each heating unit 110 can be equipped with a power supply, and a single power supply can supply power to the heating unit 110 it corresponds to.
[0050] In another alternative embodiment, the heating module 100 may further include a positive electrode connection circuit 120 and a negative electrode connection circuit 130. The positive electrode electrical connection portions 113 of multiple heating units 110 can be connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the same power supply through the positive electrode connection circuit 120. The negative electrode electrical connection portions 114 of multiple heating units 110 can be connected in parallel with the negative electrode of the same power supply through the negative electrode connection circuit 130. In this case, multiple heating units 110 are connected in parallel to the same power supply. This solution simplifies the circuit structure of the heating module 100, thereby making the structure of the heating module 100 simpler and the cost lower.
[0051] Optionally, the positive electrode connection circuit 120 may include a main connection line and branch connection lines. The main connection line is used to connect the branch connection lines and the positive electrode of the power supply. The positive electrode electrical connection portions 113 of multiple heating units 110 may be connected in parallel on the branch connection lines. Similarly, the negative electrode connection circuit can have the same structure as the positive electrode connection circuit 120, which will not be described in detail here.
[0052] In another alternative solution, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the heating module 100 may further include a supporting base layer 140, and multiple heating units 110 may be arranged side-by-side on the same supporting base layer 140. In this case, the multiple heating units 110 can be fixedly embedded in the same supporting base layer 140. Here, the heating module 100 forms an integral film structure with multiple heating units 110. In this solution, the heating module 100 forms an integral film structure, thus facilitating the attachment of the heating module 100 to the battery, thereby improving the efficiency of attaching the heating module 100 to the battery.
[0053] Optionally, the supporting base layer 140 can be made of materials such as silicone or polyimide. Of course, the supporting base layer 140 can also be made of other materials, which are not limited in this article.
[0054] In another alternative solution, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the heating module 100 may further include multiple supporting base layers 140, each supporting base layer 140 corresponding to a heating unit 110, and the multiple supporting base layers 140 are spaced apart. Here, a supporting base layer 140 and a heating unit 110 form an independent heating component, and the heating module 100 is composed of multiple independent heating components.
[0055] In this design, the heating module 100 consists of multiple independent heating components. Therefore, the heating module 100 can be positioned in different planar spatial locations, allowing it to adapt to heating areas of various shapes and thus improving its compatibility. Furthermore, this structure allows the heating module 100 to avoid non-heating areas, preventing localized dry burning and wasting heating energy.
[0056] In the above scheme, the battery module 200 includes multiple stacked and arranged side by side battery cells 210, and the end faces of the multiple stacked and arranged side by side battery cells 210 can form a heating area. At this time, a heating unit 110 can be arranged opposite to the end faces of at least two battery cells 210.
[0057] To further improve the temperature uniformity of the battery cell module 200, in another optional scheme, each heating unit 110 can be arranged opposite to the end face of a battery cell 210. The area of the orthographic projection of each heating unit 110 can be the same as the area of the end face of a battery cell 210. Here, the orthographic projection of the heating unit 110 refers to the orthographic projection along the arrangement direction of the constant resistance heating layer 111 and the PTC heating layer 112. In this scheme, each heating unit 110 can heat the end face of a battery cell 210, thus making it more advantageous to regulate the temperature of the battery cell module 200, thereby further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery cell module 200.
[0058] Optionally, the shape of the heating unit 110 can be designed according to the end face shape of the battery cell 210. For example, when the end face shape of the battery cell 210 is circular, the shape of the heating unit 110 can also be set to be circular.
[0059] Based on the heating module 100 disclosed in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also disclose a battery, the disclosed battery including the heating module 100 described in any of the above embodiments.
[0060] The battery disclosed in this application also includes a cell module 200, which has a heating area and multiple heating units 110 arranged side by side in the heating area.
[0061] In the embodiments disclosed in this application, the multiple heating units 110 can automatically adjust their respective heating power. At this time, each heating unit 110 can heat a required temperature area, so that the temperature of each area heated by the multiple heating units 110 tends to be close, thereby making the temperature of different positions of the battery heating area relatively uniform, thus improving the safety and reliability of the battery.
[0062] In another alternative solution, such as Figure 9 As shown, there can be two heating modules 100, which are located on opposite sides of the cell module 200. This can be understood as each cell 210 of the cell module 200 having two end faces, and the two heating modules 100 heating the end faces of the corresponding cell 210 respectively.
[0063] The battery structure disclosed in this application is not limited to the cell module 200 and the heating module 100. The specific structure of the battery is known technology and will not be described in detail here.
[0064] The above embodiments of this utility model mainly describe the differences between the various embodiments. As long as the different optimization features between the various embodiments are not contradictory, they can be combined to form a better embodiment. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.
[0065] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this utility model should be included within the scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. A heating unit, characterized in that, include: A constant resistance heating layer (111) and a PTC heating layer (112) are stacked together, and the PTC heating layer (112) is electrically connected to the constant resistance heating layer (111). A positive electrode electrical connection portion (113) and a negative electrode electrical connection portion (114) are provided. One of the PTC heating layer (112) and the constant resistance heating layer (111) is electrically connected to the positive electrode electrical connection portion (113), and the other is electrically connected to the negative electrode electrical connection portion (114). The positive electrode electrical connection portion (113) is used to be electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode electrical connection portion (114) is used to be electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
2. The heating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating unit (110) further includes a thermally conductive insulating layer (115), which is located between the constant resistance heating layer (111) and the PTC heating layer (112).
3. The heating unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating unit (110) further includes a heat insulation layer (116), which is disposed on the side of the constant resistance heating layer (111) away from the thermally conductive insulating layer (115).
4. The heating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the arrangement direction of the constant resistance heating layer (111) and the PTC heating layer (112), the outline of the orthographic projection of the constant resistance heating layer (111) coincides with the outline of the orthographic projection of the PTC heating layer (112).
5. A heating module for a battery, characterized in that, Includes a heating unit (110) as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; the number of heating units (110) is multiple, and the multiple heating units (110) are arranged side by side in the heating area of the battery.
6. The heating module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating module (100) further includes a positive electrode connection circuit (120) and a negative electrode connection circuit (130). The positive electrode electrical connection portions (113) of the plurality of heating units (110) are connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the same power supply through the positive electrode connection circuit (120); the negative electrode electrical connection portions (114) of the plurality of heating units (110) are connected in parallel with the negative electrode of the same power supply through the negative electrode connection circuit (130).
7. The heating module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating module (100) also includes a supporting base layer (140), and multiple heating units (110) are arranged side by side on the same supporting base layer (140).
8. The heating module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating module (100) also includes a plurality of supporting base layers (140), each of the supporting base layers (140) is provided with a corresponding heating unit (110), and the plurality of supporting base layers (140) are spaced apart.
9. The heating module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery includes a cell module (200), which includes a plurality of stacked cells (210) arranged side by side. The end faces of the plurality of stacked cells (210) form the heating area. Each heating unit (110) is arranged opposite to the end face of one of the cells (210). The area of the orthographic projection of each heating unit (110) is the same as the area of the end face of one of the cells (210).
10. A battery, characterized in that, The battery module (200) includes a battery cell module (200) and a heating module (100) according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the battery cell module (200) has a heating area and a plurality of heating units (110) are arranged side by side in the heating area.