Laser coaxial temperature-control constant-temperature process system

Abstract

The utility model provides a laser coaxial temperature-control constant-temperature process system, which comprises a laser welding system, a temperature control system and a control system, the PID temperature control system comprises a laser temperature measuring unit and a PID temperature control unit, the laser temperature measuring unit is used for detecting surface temperature data T1 of the product to be machined in real time, the PID temperature control unit sends a temperature adjusting instruction to the laser welding unit according to the surface temperature data T1, and the temperature adjusting instruction promotes the laser welding unit to adjust corresponding power; therefore, the surface temperature data T1 is ensured to be within a set constant temperature T2 range. According to the utility model, the welding temperature can be accurately controlled, the welding processing is kept in a set constant-temperature state, the quality of a processed product is ensured, the welding depth and width are accurately controlled by controlling the focus position and power of a laser beam, the selective processing is realized, and the precision processing requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic cell processing technology, and in particular to a laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of technology, fully automated stringing machines have become an inevitable trend, replacing manual operation, both in terms of welding quality and cost control. Infrared welding is currently the most widely used and technologically mature method among manufacturers of fully automated stringing machines. During welding, the positive electrode of the solar cell faces upward, the welding ribbon is fixed to the main grid line by a clamp, and then infrared light irradiates the entire solar cell to form a weld. However, existing infrared welding also has the following drawbacks:

[0003] 1. Temperature is difficult to control, energy consumption is high. During the welding process, due to the rapid heating rate, if the temperature is not properly controlled, the product is prone to deformation, which affects the quality of the final product and increases production costs.

[0004] 2. In terms of processing control, selective processing is not allowed; only the entire surface can be processed.

[0005] 3. It is difficult to maintain consistent temperature uniformity, and the accuracy of temperature control does not meet the requirements of precision machining. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system, which can precisely control the welding temperature, maintain the welding process at a set constant temperature, ensure the quality of the processed products, and precisely control the welding depth and width by controlling the focal position and power of the laser beam, allowing for selective processing to meet precision machining requirements.

[0007] The embodiments of this utility model are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system includes:

[0009] A laser welding system, the laser welding system comprising a laser welding unit;

[0010] The PID temperature control system includes a laser temperature measurement unit and a PID temperature control unit. The laser temperature measurement unit is used to detect the surface temperature data T1 of the product to be processed in real time. The PID temperature control unit issues a temperature adjustment command to the laser welding unit based on the surface temperature data T1. The temperature adjustment command causes the laser welding unit to adjust the corresponding power to ensure that the surface temperature data T1 is within the set constant temperature T2 range.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser temperature measurement unit is coaxially arranged with part of the laser welding unit.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser output path L1 of the laser temperature measurement unit is coaxially arranged with a portion of the laser output path L2 of the laser welding unit.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser temperature measurement unit includes a detection laser source, a detection laser fiber head, and a detection laser beam expander arranged sequentially along the delivery direction of the laser beam A output from the detection laser source.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser welding unit includes a welding laser source, and a welding laser fiber head, a collimator, an aperture, a first reflecting mirror, a welding laser beam expander, a second reflecting mirror, a shaping device, a beam combiner, a galvanometer, and a field mirror arranged sequentially along the laser beam B output from the welding laser source.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser temperature measurement unit is located on one side of the beam combiner;

[0016] The laser output path L1 passing through the beam combiner is coaxially arranged with the laser output path L2 passing through the beam combiner.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the detection laser of the laser temperature measurement unit has an effective wavelength range of 320nm to 1100nm for the product to be processed.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the PID temperature control unit can receive infrared light with wavelengths from 7μm to 14μm.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser processing wavelength range of the laser welding unit is 266nm to 106400nm.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the laser temperature measurement unit further includes a detection adapter ring for mounting and detecting the laser fiber head and a dimming fixture for adjusting the laser beam B.

[0021] The technical solution of this utility model embodiment has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention is equipped with a PID temperature control unit to monitor and adjust the welding temperature in real time. By adjusting the corresponding power of the laser welding unit, the welding temperature is precisely controlled to maintain the welding process at a set constant temperature, ensuring the quality of the processed products. By controlling the focal position and power of the laser beam, the welding depth and width are precisely controlled, allowing for selective processing to meet precision machining requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the laser output path L1 provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the laser output path L2 provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] Icons: 1. Welding laser source; 2. Welding laser fiber head; 3. Collimator; 4. Aperture; 5. First reflecting mirror; 6. Welding laser beam expander; 7. Second reflecting mirror; 8. Shaping device; 9. Beam combiner; 10. Galvanometer; 11. Field mirror; 12. Detecting laser source; 13. Detecting laser fiber head; 14. Detecting laser beam expander; 15. Detecting adapter ring; 16. Dimming fixture. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To better understand and implement this invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 A laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system includes: a laser welding system, which includes a laser welding unit; and a PID temperature control system, which includes a laser temperature measuring unit and a PID temperature control unit. The laser temperature measuring unit is used to detect the surface temperature data T1 of the product to be processed in real time. The PID temperature control unit issues a temperature adjustment command to the laser welding unit based on the surface temperature data T1. The temperature adjustment command causes the laser welding unit to adjust the corresponding power to ensure that the surface temperature data T1 is within the set constant temperature T2 range.

[0034] Optionally, the laser temperature measurement unit is coaxially arranged with part of the laser welding unit.

[0035] Optionally, the laser output path L1 of the laser temperature measurement unit is coaxially set with a portion of the laser output path L2 of the laser welding unit.

[0036] Optionally, the laser temperature measurement unit includes a detection laser source, a detection laser fiber head, and a detection laser beam expander arranged sequentially along the delivery direction of the laser beam A output from the detection laser source.

[0037] Optionally, the laser welding unit includes a welding laser source, and a welding laser fiber head, collimator, aperture, first reflecting mirror, welding laser beam expander, second reflecting mirror, shaping device, beam combiner, galvanometer, and field mirror arranged sequentially along the laser beam B output from the welding laser source.

[0038] Optionally, the laser temperature measurement unit is located on one side of the beam combiner;

[0039] The laser output path L1 passing through the beam combiner is coaxially set with the laser output path L2 passing through the beam combiner.

[0040] Optionally, the detection laser of the laser temperature measurement unit has a wavelength range of 320nm to 1100nm that affects the product to be processed.

[0041] Optionally, the PID temperature control unit can receive infrared light with wavelengths from 7μm to 14μm.

[0042] Optionally, the laser processing wavelength range of the laser welding unit is from 266 nm to 106400 nm.

[0043] Optionally, the laser temperature measurement unit also includes a detection adapter ring for mounting the detection laser fiber head and a dimming fixture for adjusting the laser beam B.

[0044] The working principle of this utility model:

[0045] This embodiment can be widely applied in the photovoltaic industry to crystalline silicon wafers, solar cells and modules, perovskite solar cells and modules, including but not limited to photovoltaic cells, OBB modules and tandem grid modules, etc. This utility model provides production conditions with high stability, high precision and high yield, which greatly saves the scrap rate of production and saves the adjustment time for product replacement. It has strong compatibility, high flexibility, high convenience and easy maintenance.

[0046] In this embodiment, except for the detection laser source and the welding laser source, all other components are mounted on the mounting plate, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 The collimator, aperture, first reflecting mirror, welding laser beam expander, second reflecting mirror, shaping device, beam combiner, etc., are all mounted on the same mounting plate. The laser temperature measurement unit can detect the temperature of the surface to be processed in real time. Figure 1 In the diagram, K represents the PID temperature control unit. The laser temperature measurement unit and the PID temperature control unit are electrically connected. When the laser temperature measurement unit detects and obtains temperature data, it feeds it back to the PID temperature control unit. The PID temperature control unit then issues a change command to the laser welding unit based on the acquired temperature data, using calculation and conversion methods, to adjust the corresponding power. This maintains the set constant temperature welding process. For example, when the laser temperature measurement unit detects a surface temperature of T1 on the battery surface, the PID temperature control unit performs real-time calculations and conversions based on the surface temperature data T1 to obtain data commands such as T2 and T3, which are then sent to the laser welding unit to adjust the laser welding power. This ensures that the surface temperature data T1 remains within the set temperature range T2, achieving constant temperature welding. The data T2 and T3 change according to the changes in the surface temperature data T1. Figure 4 The dashed line represents the working distance, range, and direction of laser beam A or laser beam B through field lens 9, which depends on the actual settings.

[0047] Specifically, it can be understood that the laser output path L1 passing through the beam combiner and the laser output path L2 passing through the beam combiner are coaxially or overlapped, that is, the laser beam A passing through the beam combiner and the laser beam B passing through the beam combiner are coaxial or overlapped. In this embodiment, the laser beam A and the laser beam B are not labeled in the figures, but it can be understood that the laser beam A is emitted along the laser output path L1 and the laser beam B is emitted along the laser output path L2.

[0048] The beam combiner passes through a temperature measurement wavelength of 7.5-13μm and a laser heating wavelength of 1030-1080nm. It coaxially or overlaps the two wavelengths of laser light and needs to be compatible with the detection of the two wavelengths on the beam combiner. The two wavelengths of laser light can be laser beam A and laser beam B.

[0049] The shaping device can set the final output light spot into a circular light spot, a square light spot, or a strip light spot. In this solution, a strip light spot of 150*10mm is used. This device can be used to process normally in the 266nm-106400nm wavelength band.

[0050] Both welding laser beam expanders and inspection laser beam expanders can magnify the required laser spot magnification proportionally, with settings ranging from 2 to 10 times. This device can operate normally in the 266nm-106400nm wavelength range.

[0051] The first and second reflectors can be adjusted to level the horizontal and vertical light spots respectively. By adjusting the position and state of the first reflector, the light spot is ensured to be incident parallel into the welding laser beam expander. By adjusting the position and state of the second reflector, the light spot is ensured to enter the shaping device. The laser beam B enters the beam combiner after passing through the shaping mirror. Both the first and second reflectors can be used to operate normally in the 266nm-106400nm wavelength band.

[0052] It should be noted that the welding laser fiber head can be a QBH / QCS fiber head. The welding laser fiber head is inserted into the collimator and then fixed to the mounting plate by the QBH / QCS fixing bracket. The divergence angle of the light spot can be adjusted by the collimator, and the light spot can be adjusted to be centered and horizontal by the aperture. Finally, the pitch and horizontal direction can be adjusted by the corresponding fixing plate of the collimator to ensure that the light spot at the output port is parallel and centered.

[0053] This utility model is compatible with circular, rectangular, and stripe laser spots used in laser welding and processing. Customization is available to meet specific application needs. The smallest spot size is 20µm, while the largest rectangular spot can reach 2.4*1.2m. Furthermore, it can be used for all perovskite laser processing, from 100*100mm to 2.4m*1.2m solar cells. Laser processing techniques are not limited to laser scribing, laser etching, laser edge clearing, laser dicing, laser drilling, and laser marking. It can also be used for laser processing of crystalline silicon solar cells, applicable to PERC, TOPCON, HJT, and XBC cells. Processing sizes are not limited to half-cells or full-cell cells; sizes range from 156*156 to 230*230 mm, and half-cell sizes include 182*91 to 210*105 mm. The laser processing techniques of this invention include, but are not limited to, laser film opening, laser oxidation, laser etching, laser direct writing, laser SE, laser sintering, laser windowing, laser thinning, laser repair, laser heating, laser annealing, laser transfer, laser passivation, laser crystallization, and laser non-destructive cutting. In this embodiment, it can also be used in junction boxes for PERC, TOPCON, HJT, XBC, and perovskite modules, as well as in solder ribbon, EVA, and cell stringing processes. Laser processing techniques are not limited to laser welding, laser removal, laser cutting, and laser scribing. This invention is effective for silicon wafers within a wavelength range of 320nm to 1100nm, specifically with a peak absorption wavelength of 900nm. It can receive infrared radiation in both short-wave and long-wave infrared bands (7 to 14μm), where silicon wafers are opaque, thus meeting the detection range requirements of the laser detection unit. The PID temperature control unit can adjust the laser emission power of the laser welding unit in real time. Specifically, it can be used for new processes such as OBB laser plate welding of photovoltaic crystalline silicon cells (TOPCON / HJT / XBC) and laser welding of stacked grids.

[0054] In this embodiment, the laser temperature measurement unit and part of the laser welding unit are coaxially arranged. The laser welding unit can output infrared light to achieve infrared welding. The coaxial temperature control of the laser temperature measurement unit and the laser welding unit combines the advantages of infrared welding and temperature control, which can realize an efficient and precise welding process and the advantages of coaxial temperature control infrared welding.

[0055] This embodiment features highly efficient heat conversion: infrared welding technology boasts high heating efficiency and low heat loss, directly heating the object without heating the surrounding air. Precise temperature control allows for real-time monitoring of the welding area temperature, ensuring the welding process operates within the set temperature range and improving welding quality. Non-contact welding avoids mechanical compression of the weld joint, reducing mechanical stress damage, while minimizing thermal effects, making it suitable for precision welding. High automation is achieved through the integration of a PID temperature control unit and a laser temperature measurement unit, along with a real-time temperature feedback system, enabling highly efficient, precise, reliable, and high-quality automated welding. Reduced production losses are minimized by precisely controlling the welding temperature, reducing process setup time and production costs. Furthermore, high-precision welding is possible; by controlling the focal position and laser emission power of the laser welding unit, the welding depth and width can be precisely controlled. Non-contact welding is a non-contact welding technology; the laser beam does not need to directly contact the workpiece surface to complete the welding process, reducing the risk of workpiece deformation. This embodiment also features rapid welding speed; the high energy density of the laser beam allows for rapid heating and cooling of the metal material, thus shortening the welding cycle. The heat-affected zone is small; the heat generated by laser welding is mainly concentrated in the welding area, resulting in a small heat-affected zone, which helps maintain the original performance and material properties of the workpiece. It is applicable to a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and composite materials, demonstrating strong adaptability. Laser welding systems are easily automated and integrated, making them suitable for integrated production lines in modern manufacturing, improving production flexibility and consistency. In summary, this embodiment leverages its advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and non-contact welding.

[0056] The technical means disclosed in this utility model are not limited to those disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications are also considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system, characterized in that, include: A laser welding system, the laser welding system comprising a laser welding unit; The PID temperature control system includes a laser temperature measurement unit and a PID temperature control unit. The laser temperature measurement unit is used to detect the surface temperature data T1 of the product to be processed in real time. The PID temperature control unit issues a temperature adjustment command to the laser welding unit based on the surface temperature data T1. The temperature adjustment command causes the laser welding unit to adjust the corresponding power to ensure that the surface temperature data T1 is within the set constant temperature T2 range.

2. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser temperature measurement unit is coaxially arranged with part of the laser welding unit.

3. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser output path L1 of the laser temperature measurement unit is coaxially arranged with part of the laser output path L2 of the laser welding unit.

4. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser temperature measurement unit includes a detection laser source, a detection laser fiber head, and a detection laser beam expander arranged sequentially along the delivery direction of the laser beam A output from the detection laser source.

5. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser welding unit includes a welding laser source, and along the laser beam B output from the welding laser source, a welding laser fiber head, a collimator, an aperture, a first reflecting mirror, a welding laser beam expander, a second reflecting mirror, a shaping device, a beam combiner, a galvanometer, and a field mirror are arranged sequentially.

6. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The laser temperature measurement unit is located on one side of the beam combiner; The laser output path L1 passing through the beam combiner is coaxially arranged with the laser output path L2 passing through the beam combiner.

7. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection laser of the laser temperature measurement unit has a wavelength range of 320nm to 1100nm that affects the product to be processed.

8. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The PID temperature control unit can receive infrared light with wavelengths from 7μm to 14μm.

9. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The laser processing wavelength range of the laser welding unit is 266nm to 106400nm.

10. The laser coaxial temperature control and constant temperature process system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The laser temperature measurement unit also includes a detection adapter ring for installing and detecting the laser fiber head and a dimming fixture for adjusting the laser beam B.

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