Residual heat removal and auxiliary heating system of reactor
By merging the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems and using shared pipelines and equipment, the problems of system complexity and high cost were solved, achieving simple and efficient cooling and anti-condensation functions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423323127.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-31
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the waste heat removal system and auxiliary heating system of pool-type metal fast reactors are usually designed independently, resulting in complex system structure, high construction difficulty, and high equipment purchase cost.
By combining waste heat removal and auxiliary heating functions into a single system, and by sharing pipelines and equipment, and using components such as heat exchangers, pumps, and electric heaters, the system design is simplified and costs are reduced.
This resulted in a simplified system design, reduced construction difficulty and equipment purchase costs, while ensuring core cooling capacity and preventing the liquid metal coolant from solidifying.
Smart Images
Figure CN223871236U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor safety equipment, and in particular to a reactor waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system. Background Technology
[0002] A pool-type fast metal reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses liquid metal as a coolant. When the reactor experiences a main pump failure or a power outage, the flow rate of the liquid metal coolant through the core decreases sharply, preventing timely heat dissipation and causing a temperature rise. Accidents such as control rod assembly extraction or fuel assembly blockage will also cause a rise in fuel temperature. In any case, excessively high fuel temperatures pose a risk of damage to the fuel rods in the core. To ensure timely removal of residual heat from the core, a residual heat removal system needs to be designed into the reactor to guarantee the core's cooling capacity. Furthermore, during a reactor shutdown, the temperature of the liquid metal coolant drops. Due to the high melting point of liquid metals—for example, common lead or lead alloy coolants have a melting point of 100℃ to 300℃, and sodium or sodium alloy coolants have a melting point of around 100℃—the high melting point makes it easy for the liquid metal coolant to cool below its melting point. Temperatures below their melting point can easily cause coolant solidification accidents. Furthermore, even if the temperature of the liquid metal coolant is slightly above its melting point, localized solidification accidents can still occur. To prevent liquid metal coolant solidification, an auxiliary heating system needs to be designed into the reactor.
[0003] In related technologies, two independent waste heat removal systems and auxiliary heating systems are usually designed, which leads to disadvantages such as complex system structure design, high construction difficulty, and high equipment purchase cost. Utility Model Content
[0004] This application provides a waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system that combines two sets of equipment used to perform waste heat removal and auxiliary heating functions into one system. By sharing pipelines and equipment, it achieves the advantages of simplified system design and reduced construction difficulty and equipment purchase cost.
[0005] This application provides a waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system installed in a reactor vessel, the interior of which is filled with a metallic coolant. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system includes a heat exchanger, piping assembly, valve assembly, cooler, pump, and electric heater.
[0006] The heat exchanger is filled with a heat transfer medium and is immersed in the metal coolant.
[0007] The pipeline assembly includes an outlet pipeline, an intermediate pipeline, and a return pipeline. The outlet of the heat exchanger, the outlet pipeline, the intermediate pipeline, the return pipeline, and the inlet of the heat exchanger are connected in sequence. The outlet pipeline has a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline arranged in parallel, and the return pipeline has a third branch pipeline and a fourth branch pipeline arranged in parallel.
[0008] The valve assembly includes a first valve located on the first branch line, a second valve located on the second branch line, a third valve located on the third branch line, and a fourth valve located on the fourth branch line.
[0009] A cooler is installed on the first branch line to cool the heat transfer medium.
[0010] A pump is installed in the intermediate pipeline to provide flow force for the heat transfer medium.
[0011] An electric heater is installed in the third branch line to heat the heat transfer medium.
[0012] The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system in this application combines two sets of equipment used for waste heat removal and auxiliary heating into a single system. The heat exchangers, pumps, and some pipelines of the two sets of equipment are shared. The pump provides the flow force for the heat transfer medium, and the heat exchanger performs different functions, such as cooling or heat absorption of the liquid metal coolant. The outlet pipeline, intermediate pipeline, and return pipeline serve as shared pipelines, providing flow channels for the heat transfer medium when the heat exchanger performs its different functions of cooling or heat absorption. In short, the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system in this application, through shared pipelines and equipment, integrates two different functional requirements—waste heat removal and auxiliary heating—into one system, offering advantages such as simple system design, low construction difficulty, and low equipment purchase cost.
[0013] In one possible design, the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system further includes a buffer tank disposed on the first branch line and located between the cooler and the pump, the buffer tank being filled with a gas for pressure regulation.
[0014] In one possible design, the valve assembly further includes a fifth valve located in the intermediate pipeline.
[0015] In one possible design, there are multiple electric heaters, each with a different power.
[0016] In one possible design, there are two waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems, which are symmetrically arranged in the stack container.
[0017] In one possible design, the pump is a centrifugal pump, an axial flow pump, or a mixed flow pump.
[0018] In one possible design, the heat exchanger is a tubular heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger.
[0019] In one possible design, the cooler is an evaporative air cooler or a wind-cooled cooler.
[0020] In one possible design, the electric heater is a resistance heater or an electric radiation heater.
[0021] In one possible design, the heat transfer medium is water, heat transfer oil, or an organic substance. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an example of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another example of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system during waste heat removal.
[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system during auxiliary heating.
[0027] Figure label:
[0028] 10. Heat exchanger;
[0029] 21. Outlet pipeline; 211. First branch pipeline; 212. Second branch pipeline; 22. Intermediate pipeline; 23. Return pipeline; 231. Third branch pipeline; 232. Fourth branch pipeline;
[0030] 31. First valve; 32. Second valve; 33. Third valve; 34. Fourth valve; 35. Fifth valve;
[0031] 40. Cooler;
[0032] 50. Pump;
[0033] 60. Electric heater;
[0034] 70. Buffer tank;
[0035] 100. Reactor container; 101. Metal coolant; 102. Reactor core. Detailed Implementation
[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0037] In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0038] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "inner," "outer," "upper," "bottom," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship (if any) based on the appendix. Figure 1 The orientations or positional relationships shown are for the purpose of facilitating and simplifying the description of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
[0040] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same component or part. For the same part in the embodiments of this application, the reference numerals may only be used to mark one part or component as an example. It should be understood that the reference numerals are also applicable to other identical parts or components.
[0041] A pool-type fast metal reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses liquid metal as a coolant. When the reactor experiences a main pump failure or a power outage, the flow rate of the liquid metal coolant through the core decreases sharply, preventing timely heat dissipation and causing a temperature rise. Accidents such as control rod assembly extraction or fuel assembly blockage will also cause a rise in fuel temperature. In any case, excessively high fuel temperatures pose a risk of damage to the fuel rods in the core. To ensure timely removal of residual heat from the core, a residual heat removal system must be designed into the reactor to guarantee core cooling capacity. Furthermore, during a reactor shutdown, the temperature of the liquid metal coolant drops. Due to the high melting point of liquid metals—for example, common lead or lead alloy coolants have a melting point of 100℃–300℃, and sodium or sodium alloy coolants have a melting point of around 100℃—the high melting point makes it easy for the liquid metal coolant to cool below its melting point. Temperatures below their melting point can easily cause coolant solidification accidents. Furthermore, even if the temperature of the liquid metal coolant is slightly above its melting point, localized solidification accidents can still occur. To prevent liquid metal coolant solidification, an auxiliary heating system needs to be designed into the reactor.
[0042] In related technologies, two independent waste heat removal systems and auxiliary heating systems are usually designed, which leads to disadvantages such as complex system structure design, high construction difficulty, and high equipment purchase cost.
[0043] In view of this, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a waste heat discharge and auxiliary heating system that combines two sets of equipment used to perform the waste heat discharge function and the auxiliary heating function into one system. By sharing pipelines and equipment, the system design is simplified, and the construction difficulty and equipment purchase cost are reduced.
[0044] The pressure relief system provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an example of a waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of this application, a waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system is provided, which is installed in the reactor vessel 100. The inner cavity of the reactor vessel 100 is filled with a liquid metal coolant 101 at a certain liquid level. The liquid metal coolant 101 is a cooling medium composed of low-melting-point alkali metals and low-melting-point alloys, which has the characteristics of high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, low melting point and high boiling point. The liquid metal coolant 101 used in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, metallic sodium, metallic lead, sodium-potassium alloy, gallium-indium alloy, etc. There is a certain space above the liquid metal coolant 101, so that a chamber is formed between the liquid metal coolant 101 and the inner wall of the reactor vessel 100. The chamber is filled with an inert protective gas (such as argon). The liquid metal coolant 101 exchanges heat with the top cover of the reactor vessel 100 through the protective gas.
[0046] The reactor vessel 100 also includes a reactor core 102, a steam generator, and a main pump (not shown in the figure). The steam generator is a heat exchange device that produces the steam required by the turbine. The heat generated by nuclear fission in the reactor core 102 is carried away by liquid metal coolant 101 and transferred to the secondary loop working medium (such as water) through the steam generator, generating steam with a certain temperature and pressure. This steam then enters the turbine to perform work, converting it into electrical or mechanical energy. In this energy conversion process, the steam generator is both a primary and secondary loop device, and is therefore referred to as the hub between the primary and secondary loops. The main pump drives the liquid metal coolant 101 to circulate within the reactor vessel 100, thereby continuously transferring the heat generated in the reactor core 102 to the secondary loop working medium of the steam generator.
[0047] When accidents occur in the main pumps, secondary loop equipment, etc., within the reactor vessel 100, excess heat generated by the reactor core 102 can be discharged from the reactor vessel 100 through the residual heat removal and auxiliary heating system. Furthermore, when the reactor core 102 is shut down and unable to generate heat, the residual heat removal and auxiliary heating system can be used to heat and maintain the liquid metal coolant 101 to prevent it from solidifying, addressing the potential issue of solidification. The residual heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.
[0048] See also Figure 1 As shown, the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system includes a heat exchanger 10, a pipe group, a valve group, a cooler 40, a pump 50, and an electric heater 60.
[0049] The heat exchanger 10 can be installed on the top cover of the reactor vessel 100, and is also immersed in the metal coolant 101. The heat exchanger 10 utilizes the principle of heat conduction to transfer heat from a high-temperature fluid to a low-temperature fluid. The heat exchanger 10 can be a tubular heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger. Taking a tubular heat exchanger as an example, it mainly consists of multiple heat transfer tubes, a flow distribution orifice plate, and heat transfer medium inlets and outlets. The heat transfer tubes are filled with a heat transfer medium, which can be water, heat transfer oil, or organic matter, such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. The heat transfer medium flows in through the upper inlet, is distributed to each heat transfer tube by the flow distribution orifice plate, and after being heated or cooled by the liquid metal coolant 101, flows out through the upper outlet.
[0050] The piping assembly includes an outlet pipeline 21, an intermediate pipeline 22, and a return pipeline 23. The outlet of the heat exchanger 10, the outlet pipeline 21, the intermediate pipeline 22, the return pipeline 23, and the inlet of the heat exchanger 10 are connected sequentially. The outlet pipeline 21 has a first branch pipeline 211 and a second branch pipeline 212 connected in parallel, and the return pipeline 23 has a third branch pipeline 231 and a fourth branch pipeline 232 connected in parallel. The intersection of the three pipelines can be connected using a tee pipe; for example, the intersection of the outlet pipeline 21, the first branch pipeline 211, and the second branch pipeline 212 can be connected using a tee pipe.
[0051] The valve assembly includes a first valve 31 located on the first branch pipeline 211, a second valve 32 located on the second branch pipeline 212, a third valve 33 located on the third branch pipeline 231, and a fourth valve 34 located on the fourth branch pipeline 232. The first valve 31, second valve 32, third valve 33, and fourth valve 34 can be either electric or manual valves. Electric valves can be electric ball valves, electric isolation valves, etc. Electric ball valves, also known as rotary electric valves, are used with rotary electric actuators to control the flow of fluid within a 90-degree rotation of the valve. Electric isolation valves, also known as linear electric valves, are used with linear electric actuators to control the flow of fluid by moving the valve plate up and down. Manual valves can be manual ball valves, manual butterfly valves, manual gate valves, etc.
[0052] Cooler 40 is installed on the first branch pipeline 211 and is used to cool the heat transfer medium. Cooler 40 can be an air-cooled cooler, which uses natural or forced convection to remove heat through airflow. Alternatively, cooler 40 can be an evaporative air cooler, which utilizes the principle of liquid evaporation to absorb heat and has a high heat transfer coefficient, resulting in higher cooling efficiency compared to air-cooled coolers.
[0053] Pump 50 is installed in the intermediate pipeline 22 to provide flow force for the heat transfer medium. Pump 50 can be a centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, mixed flow pump, etc. Axial flow pumps rely on the force generated by the blades of the rotating impeller on the heat transfer medium to transport it along the axial direction. Centrifugal pumps use the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impeller to transport the heat transfer medium. When the pump body is filled with heat transfer medium, the impeller rotation generates centrifugal force, and the heat transfer medium is thrown from the center to the edge of the impeller under the action of centrifugal force, gaining velocity energy and being discharged. At this time, the pressure at the center of the impeller decreases, and the heat transfer medium continuously flows from the pump inlet to the center of the impeller. Mixed flow pumps exert both centrifugal force and axial thrust on the heat transfer medium, combining the effects of centrifugal and axial flow pumps; the heat transfer medium flows out of the impeller at an angle.
[0054] An electric heater 60 is installed in the third branch pipeline 231 to heat the heat transfer medium. The electric heater 60 can be a resistance heater or an electric radiation heater. A resistance heater uses current passing through a resistance wire to generate heat, which is then transferred to the heat transfer medium, raising its temperature. An electric radiation heater, when its internal heating element is excited by current, emits electromagnetic waves such as infrared radiation. When the wavelength of the far-infrared radiation matches the absorption wavelength of the heat transfer medium, the molecules or atoms within the heat transfer medium resonate, generating strong vibrations and rotations, thus raising the temperature of the heat transfer medium.
[0055] The working principle of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in this application embodiment is as follows.
[0056] When it is necessary to remove excess heat generated by the reactor core 102 from the reactor vessel 100, the second valve 32 and the third valve 33 are closed, and the first valve 31 and the fourth valve 34 are opened, so that the liquid outlet line 21, the first branch line 211, the intermediate line 22, the fourth branch line 232, and the return line 23 are connected. Then, the pump 50 is turned on to make the heat transfer medium in the system flow. The excess heat generated by the reactor core 102 is transferred to the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger 10 through the liquid metal coolant 101. The heat transfer medium then dissipates the heat to the atmosphere through the cooler 40. After being cooled, the heat transfer medium is sent back to the heat exchanger 10. The heat transfer medium is continuously circulated so that the excess heat generated by the reactor core 102 is continuously removed.
[0057] When it is necessary to heat the liquid metal coolant 101 to prevent solidification, the first valve 31 and the fourth valve 34 are closed, and the second valve 32 and the third valve 33 are opened, so that the liquid outlet line 21, the second branch line 212, the intermediate line 22, the third branch line 231, and the return line 23 are connected. Then, the pump 50 is turned on to make the heat transfer medium in the system flow. After being heated by the electric heater 60, the heat transfer medium flows into the heat exchanger 10 from the inlet and exchanges heat with the hot liquid metal coolant 101 in the reactor vessel 100. After the heat exchange, the heat transfer medium is sent back to the electric heater 60. Then, the heat transfer medium is continuously circulated to heat the hot liquid metal coolant 101 in the reactor vessel 100 and prevent the liquid metal coolant 101 from solidifying.
[0058] As can be seen, the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in this application combines two sets of equipment used to perform waste heat removal and auxiliary heating functions into one system. The heat exchanger 10, pump 50, and some pipelines in the two sets of equipment are shared. Pump 50 provides the flow force for the heat transfer medium, and heat exchanger 10 performs different functions of cooling or absorbing heat from the liquid metal coolant 101. The outlet pipeline 21, intermediate pipeline 22, and return pipeline 23, etc., serve as shared pipelines, providing flow channels for the heat transfer medium when the heat exchanger 10 performs different functions of cooling or absorbing heat. In short, the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in this application integrates two different functional requirements—waste heat removal and auxiliary heating—into one system through shared pipelines and equipment. It has advantages such as simple system design, low construction difficulty, and low equipment purchase cost.
[0059] For example Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment provided in this application, the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system further includes a buffer tank 70. The buffer tank 70 is disposed on the first branch pipeline 211 and located between the cooler 40 and the pump 50. The interior of the buffer tank 70 is filled with a pressure-regulating gas. The pressure-regulating gas can be air or nitrogen.
[0060] Buffer tank 70 is a device used to regulate the pressure of heat transfer media. The working principle of buffer tank 70 mainly involves two aspects: first, it absorbs pressure fluctuations in the heat transfer media through its internal structure, reducing the amplitude of system pressure fluctuations; second, it stores and releases energy from the heat transfer media. When the pressure of the heat transfer media increases, the gas inside buffer tank 70 is compressed, absorbing some of the energy from the heat transfer media. When the pressure of the heat transfer media decreases, the internal gas expands and releases energy, balancing the system pressure and protecting pipelines and equipment from excessive impact pressure.
[0061] In this embodiment, by adding a buffer tank 70 between the cooler 40 and the pump 50, the pressure of the heat transfer medium in the system can be balanced, the stability of the heat transfer medium can be improved, and the continuity and stability of the heat exchange process of the heat exchanger 10 can be ensured. At the same time, the pressure fluctuation of the heat transfer medium can be reduced. The buffer tank 70 can reduce the vibration and noise of the pipeline and equipment, extend their service life, and reduce maintenance costs.
[0062] In another embodiment provided in this application, the buffer tank 70 is also equipped with a safety valve to control the pressure inside the tank within a safe range and avoid damage to the system caused by excessively high or low pressure.
[0063] In one embodiment provided in this application, the valve assembly further includes a fifth valve 35, which is disposed in the intermediate pipeline 22.
[0064] The intermediate pipeline 22 may not need to be equipped with a valve, but in order to ensure the safety of the system and prevent pressure fluctuations from damaging the pump 50, a fifth valve 35 is also added to the intermediate pipeline 22 in this embodiment.
[0065] In one embodiment provided in this application, there are multiple electric heaters 60, and the power of the multiple electric heaters 60 is different.
[0066] Taking three electric heaters 60 as an example, they are: a low-power electric heater 60 with a power of approximately 3000 watts or less; a medium-power electric heater 60 with a power of approximately 3000-5000 watts; and a high-power electric heater 60 with a power of approximately 5000 watts or more. The high-power electric heater 60 heats up quickly and can handle sudden situations where the liquid metal coolant 101 cools rapidly and requires a rapid supply of heat. The low-power electric heater 60 heats up slowly and can handle situations where the liquid metal coolant 101 cools slowly and requires a slow and stable supply of heat. The medium-power electric heater 60 is suitable for scenarios falling between the above.
[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another example of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment provided in this application, there are two waste heat discharge and auxiliary heating systems, which are symmetrically arranged in the stack container 100.
[0069] In this embodiment, two waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems are symmetrically arranged, each with 100% waste heat removal and heating capacity of the reactor core 102. This ensures that the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems adhere to a single-failure criterion, meaning that even if any device or pipeline fails, the system can still perform all the safety functions required for its design baseline event, namely waste heat removal and auxiliary heating.
[0070] Taking one of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems as an example, the working process of this application will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, as follows.
[0071] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems during waste heat removal. (See diagram for example.) Figure 3 As shown, when it is necessary to remove excess heat generated by the core 102 from the reactor vessel 100, the second valve 32 and the third valve 33 are closed, causing the second branch line 212 and the third branch line 231 to close. The first valve 31, the fourth valve 34, and the fifth valve 35 are opened, allowing the liquid outlet line 21, the first branch line 211, the intermediate line 22, the fourth branch line 232, and the return line 23 to flow. The pump 50 is then started to allow the heat transfer medium in the system to flow. Figure 3 The direction indicated by the arrow on the pipeline is the flow direction of the heat transfer medium. Excess heat generated by the reactor core 102 is transferred to the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger 10 via the liquid metal coolant 101. The heat transfer medium then dissipates the heat into the atmosphere via the cooler 40. After being cooled, the heat transfer medium flows into the buffer tank 70 and is then sent back to the heat exchanger 10. The heat transfer medium is continuously circulated to continuously remove the excess heat generated by the reactor core 102.
[0072] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system during auxiliary heating.
[0073] When it is necessary to heat the liquid metal coolant 101 to prevent solidification, close the first valve 31 and the fourth valve 34, thereby closing the first branch line 211 and the fourth branch line 232. Open the second valve 32, the third valve 33, and the fifth valve 35, thereby opening the outlet line 21, the second branch line 212, the intermediate line 22, the third branch line 231, and the return line 23. Start the pump 50 to allow the heat transfer medium in the system to flow. Figure 4The direction indicated by the arrow on the pipeline is the flow direction of the heat transfer medium. After being heated by the electric heater 60, the heat transfer medium flows into the heat exchanger 10 through the inlet and exchanges heat with the hot liquid metal coolant 101 in the reactor vessel 100. After the heat exchange, the heat transfer medium is returned to the electric heater 60, and then the heat transfer medium is continuously circulated to heat the hot liquid metal coolant 101 in the reactor vessel 100 and prevent the liquid metal coolant 101 from solidifying.
[0074] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system for a reactor, disposed in a reactor vessel (100), the inner cavity of which is filled with a metallic coolant (101), characterized in that, include: A heat exchanger (10) is filled with a heat transfer medium and is immersed in the metal coolant (101). The pipeline assembly includes an outlet pipeline (21), an intermediate pipeline (22), and a return pipeline (23). The outlet of the heat exchanger (10), the outlet pipeline (21), the intermediate pipeline (22), the return pipeline (23), and the inlet of the heat exchanger (10) are connected in sequence. The outlet pipeline (21) has a first branch pipeline (211) and a second branch pipeline (212) arranged in parallel. The return pipeline (23) has a third branch pipeline (231) and a fourth branch pipeline (232) arranged in parallel. The valve assembly includes a first valve (31) disposed on the first branch line (211), a second valve (32) disposed on the second branch line (212), a third valve (33) disposed on the third branch line (231), and a fourth valve (34) disposed on the fourth branch line (232). A cooler (40) is installed on the first branch pipeline (211) for cooling the heat transfer medium; A pump (50) is installed in the intermediate pipeline (22) to provide fluid power for the heat transfer medium; An electric heater (60) is installed in the third branch line (231) for heating the heat transfer medium.
2. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A buffer tank (70) is disposed on the first branch line (211) and located between the cooler (40) and the pump (50), and the interior of the buffer tank (70) is filled with gas for pressure regulation.
3. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve assembly also includes a fifth valve (35), which is disposed on the intermediate pipeline (22).
4. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of electric heaters (60) is multiple, and the power of each electric heater is different.
5. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems is two, and the two waste heat removal and auxiliary heating systems are symmetrically arranged in the stack container (100).
6. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The pump (50) is a centrifugal pump, an axial flow pump, or a mixed flow pump.
7. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The heat exchanger (10) is a tubular heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger.
8. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The cooler (40) is an evaporative air cooler or a wind-cooled cooler.
9. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The electric heater (60) is a resistance heater or an electric radiation heater.
10. The waste heat removal and auxiliary heating system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The heat transfer medium is water, heat transfer oil, or organic matter.