Garden water permeable structure and water collecting system comprising same

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of garden construction, and particularly provides a garden permeable structure and a water collecting system comprising the same. The permeable structure sequentially comprises a surface layer, a cushion layer and a base layer from top to bottom, the thickness of the base layer is larger than that of the cushion layer, the cushion layer and the base layer are both gravel layers, the size of gravel particles in the base layer is larger than that of gravel particles in the cushion layer, the surface layer comprises a first permeable layer and a second permeable layer, and the second permeable layer makes contact with the cushion layer. The aperture of the first permeable layer is larger than that of the second permeable layer. The water collecting system comprises a water collecting pipeline, a water storage barrel and the water permeable structure, the water collecting pipeline is laid on the lower side of a base layer in the water permeable structure, the water collecting pipeline is obliquely arranged, the water permeable structure is arranged at the high-position end of the water collecting pipeline, and the water storage barrel is arranged at the low-position end of the water collecting pipeline. And the flow is guided in the water storage barrel. The permeable structure is high in permeable efficiency, and rainwater gathering is avoided; the cleaning is easy. The water collecting efficiency of the water collecting system is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of landscape construction, and more specifically, to a permeable landscape structure and a water collection system including the same. Background Technology

[0002] In gardens, when it rains or the ground is washed, water often pools on the ground because it seeps downwards slowly, causing inconvenience to pedestrians and wasting water resources.

[0003] Existing technologies use permeable concrete or permeable bricks and base layers to guide rainwater and stagnant water downwards. However, rainwater contains many particulate impurities that can easily block the channels for rainwater infiltration, making it difficult for rainwater to further infiltrate. When there is heavy rainfall, severe stagnant water, or a high concentration of impurities in the rainwater, it is difficult to guide the rainwater or stagnant water downwards in a short period of time, resulting in significant water accumulation on the road surface. Furthermore, the accumulation of impurities blocking the channels over a long period increases the difficulty of cleaning, making it difficult to remove the impurities using high-pressure water jets.

[0004] In summary, existing permeable structures are easily clogged by impurities and particles, resulting in low permeability; they are also difficult to clean. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a garden permeable structure and a water collection system including the same, so as to solve the problems that the existing permeable structures are easily blocked by impurity particles, have low permeability, and are difficult to clean.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] This application provides a permeable structure for landscaping. The permeable structure comprises, from top to bottom, a surface layer, a subbase layer, and a base layer. The base layer is thicker than the subbase layer. Both the subbase and base layer are sand and gravel layers, with the gravel particles in the base layer being larger than those in the subbase layer. The surface layer includes a first permeable layer and a second permeable layer, with the second permeable layer in contact with the subbase layer. The pore size of the first permeable layer is larger than that of the second permeable layer. In use, rainwater or runoff first quickly passes through the first permeable layer with the larger pore size, then through the second permeable layer with the smaller pore size, and then sequentially through the subbase layer and base layer, finally passing through the permeable structure.

[0008] To improve permeability and reduce clogging of channels by impurities, this application designates a first permeable layer and a second permeable layer as the surface of the permeable structure. The pore size of the first permeable layer is larger than that of the second permeable layer. The large-pore permeable layer on the surface facilitates rapid rainwater infiltration, allowing rainwater to quickly seep down, especially during periods of heavy rainfall, effectively preventing waterlogging or excessive water accumulation. Particles larger than the pore size are blocked on the surface and removed by rainwater. Smaller impurities seep down quickly with the rainwater into the second permeable layer, reducing their accumulation on the top layer. This rapid infiltration design on the top layer helps reduce water retention on the surface, thus shortening the time for pollutants to accumulate on the surface and preventing them from accumulating on the top layer. The smaller pore size and smaller pore size of the second permeable layer further filter out fine particles remaining in the water flow from the top layer, helping to remove tiny impurities in the water and effectively preventing larger particles from passing through. Simultaneously filtering out fine impurities ensures high-quality rainwater infiltrating the ground, minimizing pollution to the soil or groundwater. Impurities larger than the pore size are less likely to enter the second permeable layer, preventing pore blockage, maintaining permeability, and avoiding potential water infiltration problems during long-term use. In other words, water infiltrates progressively through the first and second permeable layers. The first layer, with its larger pores, allows rainwater to infiltrate quickly, while the second layer, with its smaller pores, filters it again before it infiltrates further. This allows for rapid infiltration of accumulated water, improving permeability efficiency and the quality of collected water.

[0009] Meanwhile, the permeable structure of this application is also easy to clean. The larger pores in the top layer facilitate high-pressure water jets or natural rainwater washing, allowing dirt and impurities to be carried away quickly. The large pores effectively reduce the time dirt accumulates, helping to minimize the prolonged retention of surface dirt and impurities, and reducing the difficulty of cleaning due to dirt buildup. The smaller pores in the bottom layer ensure that most dirt and dust remain on the top layer, with less impurities entering the bottom layer; in other words, the smaller pores in the bottom layer reduce the possibility of impurities entering, meaning the bottom layer is less susceptible to the influence of fine particles in the water flow, reducing the problem of scale buildup or clogging after prolonged use. Therefore, the bottom layer is generally less prone to clogging by larger particles during cleaning, remaining relatively clean. In addition, the different speeds of water flowing through the first and second permeable layers mean that the resistance to water flow is different between the first and second permeable layers. Due to the different obstruction at the interface between the first and second permeable layers, the high-pressure water flow will be reflected at the interface. The reflected water flow will interact with the first permeable layer again, which increases the contact time between the high-pressure water and the first permeable layer, thus resulting in a better cleaning effect.

[0010] Furthermore, the pore size of the first permeable layer is 1.5-3 mm, and the pore size of the second permeable layer is 0.5-1.0 mm. Generally, larger impurities such as silt, small stones, larger dust, fallen leaves, vertical debris, and plant debris are larger than 1.5-3 mm in size, and the first permeable layer can block these impurities. The significant difference in pore size between the second and first permeable layers results in stronger reflection of the high-pressure water flow at the interface between the two layers. This leads to a longer interaction time between the reflected high-pressure water flow and the first permeable layer, resulting in better cleaning.

[0011] Furthermore, the porosity of both the first and second permeable layers is 15%-25%. This porosity ensures that the permeable bricks maintain high permeability while possessing sufficient structural strength. Excessive porosity leads to insufficient strength, affecting load-bearing capacity, while excessively low porosity results in poor permeability, making it difficult for water to penetrate. The 15%-25% porosity design provides the permeable bricks with good permeability and physical strength.

[0012] Furthermore, the surface of the first permeable layer is provided with grooves. These grooves increase the surface area of ​​the upper layer of the permeable structure, increasing the contact between water flow and the surface, thereby improving the infiltration rate, especially during heavy rain, facilitating rapid drainage. The grooves also guide the water flow, reducing water stagnation on the permeable structure surface; simultaneously, impurities in the water are more easily discharged with the water flow, preventing accumulation on the surface and reducing cleaning difficulty. During high-pressure water jet cleaning, the water flow is guided by the grooves to quickly remove dirt, reducing cleaning time. This allows water to be more concentrated in washing away dirt and dust on the brick surface, thus improving cleaning effectiveness.

[0013] Furthermore, both the first and second permeable layers are permeable bricks. The permeable bricks are made of high-strength concrete or a mixture of coarse aggregates, possessing high compressive strength and primarily serving as structural supports to maintain the overall strength and stability of the brick structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the subbase layer is 3-5 cm thick. Composed of fine-grained sand and gravel with appropriate porosity, it helps to intercept small impurities that permeate through the second permeable layer, providing additional filtration. This filtration layer further ensures the base layer remains uncontaminated, maintaining the long-term performance of the permeable structure. The 3-5 cm thickness acts as a buffer, allowing water to penetrate the base layer more evenly. The subbase layer also facilitates water flow between the sand and gravel particles, and natural rainwater washes away some of the accumulated fine impurities, improving the self-cleaning ability of the entire permeable structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the base course is 10-20 cm thick. Composed of coarse sand and gravel particles with high porosity, it can hold and rapidly infiltrate large amounts of water. This depth helps guide water into the ground, effectively preventing surface water accumulation; it also prevents the deposition and clogging of fine impurities, ensuring unobstructed water flow. The thicker base course can store more water in a short time, facilitating rapid drainage during heavy rainfall and reducing the risk of surface water accumulation and overloading of the permeable system. The thicker base course provides good stability and load-bearing capacity for the entire permeable structure, reducing settlement problems caused by foundation instability; it also helps avoid water accumulation and increased cleaning difficulties due to pavement deformation.

[0016] This application also proposes a water collection system, which includes a water collection pipe and a water storage tank. The system also includes the aforementioned permeable structure. The water collection pipe is laid on the lower side of the base layer of the permeable structure and is inclined. The permeable structure is located at the higher end of the water collection pipe, and the water storage tank is located at the lower end of the water collection pipe. Water permeating through the permeable structure flows through the water collection pipe and into the water storage tank. The water collected in the permeable structure is then collected in the water collection pipe and finally into the water storage tank. The water collected in the storage tank can be used to irrigate flowers, trees, and shrubs in gardens, or to clean the ground, etc., thus improving water resource utilization and conserving water resources.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper surface of the water collection pipe is provided with small holes, pointing vertically downwards, with a diameter of 2-5 millimeters. Collected water enters the collection pipe through these holes and flows towards the storage tank. The vertical downward orientation of the holes allows water that has permeated the structural layer to smoothly enter the collection pipe under the influence of gravity.

[0018] Furthermore, the water collection pipe has an inclination angle of 1-3°; a filter layer is wrapped around the outside of the water collection pipe. The slight inclination of the water collection pipe helps the water flow into the lower-positioned storage tank. The outer filter layer prevents the holes in the water collection pipe from being blocked, ensuring the proper functioning of the water collection system.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] (1) To improve permeability and reduce clogging, this application designs the surface of the permeable structure as a first permeable layer and a second permeable layer, with the pore size of the first permeable layer being larger than that of the second permeable layer. The large pore size of the first permeable layer facilitates rapid rainwater infiltration, especially during heavy rainfall, effectively preventing surface water accumulation. Particles larger than the pore size are blocked on the surface and removed by rainwater erosion, while smaller particles enter the second permeable layer, reducing the accumulation of impurities on the top layer. The smaller pore size of the second permeable layer further filters fine impurities, ensuring cleaner water quality and reducing the risk of soil or groundwater contamination. Through these two layers, water infiltrates step by step, which is both fast and efficient, maintaining permeability and preventing long-term clogging. In addition, the rapid infiltration design of the top layer can shorten the time that pollutants remain on the surface, making it easy to clean and maintaining good permeability even after long-term use.

[0021] (2) The large pores of the first permeable layer facilitate rapid flushing with high-pressure water or natural rainwater, reducing the accumulation of dirt and soil on the surface and lowering the cleaning difficulty. The small pore design of the bottom layer effectively blocks fine particles, allowing most dirt to remain on the top layer, preventing clogging and keeping the bottom layer clean. Due to the different resistances of the first and second permeable layers to water flow, the water flow is reflected at the interface between the two layers, and the high-pressure water flow repeatedly acts on the first permeable layer, enhancing the cleaning effect. This design ensures good permeability after long-term use, making it easy to maintain and keep clean. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a permeable garden structure provided by this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a water collection system provided by this utility model.

[0024] Icons: 1-Surface layer; 11-First permeable layer; 12-Second permeable layer; 2-Subbase layer; 3-Base layer; 4-Water collection pipe; 5-Water storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the implementation process of this utility model clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] This utility model provides a permeable structure for gardens. For example... Figure 1As shown, the permeable structure comprises, from top to bottom, a surface layer 1, a subbase layer 2, and a base layer 3. The surface layer 1 is made of permeable bricks. Specifically, the surface layer 1 includes a first permeable layer 11 and a second permeable layer 12. The pore size of the first permeable layer 11 is larger than that of the second permeable layer 12. The pore size of the first permeable layer 11 is 1.5-3 mm, and the pore size of the second permeable layer 12 is 0.5-1.0 mm. The porosity of both the first permeable layer 11 and the second permeable layer 12 is 15%-25%. Preferably, the porosity of the first permeable layer 11 is greater than that of the second permeable layer 12. The first permeable layer 11 has more space for rainwater to infiltrate quickly, especially during periods of heavy rainfall, which helps to quickly drain rainwater and prevent surface flooding. The second permeable layer 12 has a slightly smaller porosity, which can further filter fine particles in the water, preventing more impurities from infiltrating into the subbase layer 2 and the base layer 3, while maintaining smooth water flow. This design of progressively decreasing porosity helps to improve permeability and maintain stable water flow. The first permeable layer 11, with its high porosity, can be more easily washed by high-pressure water guns or natural rainwater. Dirt and impurities are less likely to accumulate in the large pores and can be quickly carried away by the water flow. The large pores reduce the long-term residence of impurities on the surface, thereby reducing the difficulty of cleaning. Since the first permeable layer 11 filters out most impurities, the second permeable layer 12 receives less dirt. Maintaining a low porosity helps prevent further infiltration of fine particles, thus maintaining the cleanliness of the bottom layer. The high porosity of the first permeable layer 11 reduces the risk of surface clogging, while the low porosity of the second permeable layer 12 controls the infiltration of fine particles, making the overall structure less prone to clogging. The second permeable layer 12 is in contact with the subbase 2. Both the subbase 2 and the base layer 3 are sand and gravel layers, composed of sand and gravel fragments. Specifically, the size of the sand and gravel particles in the base layer 3 is larger than that in the subbase 2, while the size of the sand and gravel particles in the subbase 2 is smaller. The thickness of the base layer 3 differs from that of the subbase 2; the thickness of the base layer 3 is greater than that of the subbase 2. Preferably, the thickness of the subbase 2 is 3-5 cm, and the thickness of the base layer 3 is 10-20 cm.

[0027] Furthermore, the surface of the first permeable layer 11 is provided with grooves. Specifically, it consists of multiple parallel grooves, which helps guide the surface water flow in the same direction, enabling rapid water flow. Especially when using high-speed water pressure cleaning, water can be flushed along the groove direction, and the velocity component of the water flow along the groove direction is larger, thus having higher kinetic energy and a stronger interaction with surface impurities. Multiple parallel grooves also increase the surface area, increasing the interaction area between water and the surface and improving the cleaning effect. The grooves also increase surface friction, preventing pedestrians from slipping. The grooves are triangular in shape, narrower at the bottom and wider at the top, so that water can easily enter the grooves and gather together. The triangular grooves, narrower at the bottom and wider at the top, effectively guide rainwater or flushing water to the bottom of the grooves, preventing water from spreading on the brick surface and helping to quickly collect moisture. After the water gathers at the bottom of the grooves, it will quickly infiltrate into the permeable layer, accelerating the infiltration rate, especially during heavy rain, effectively reducing surface water accumulation. The narrow bottom of the groove increases the flow rate of water, creating a strong scouring effect as the water flows through, which helps to carry away impurities such as mud and fallen leaves, reducing the deposition of impurities in the groove.

[0028] This application also proposes a water collection system, which includes a water collection pipe 4 and a water storage tank 5. The water collection pipe 4 is used to guide water into the water storage tank 5. The material of the water collection pipe 4 is one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or stainless steel, possessing durability, corrosion resistance, good pressure resistance, resistance to erosion by acid and alkali substances in the soil, and resistance to aging. It also has good pressure and impact resistance and can withstand soil pressure. The water storage tank 5 is used to store the collected water. The specific size can be selected according to the amount of water collected. To prevent the collected water from evaporating, a lid can be installed on the water storage tank 5 after collection.

[0029] The water collection system also includes the aforementioned permeable structure. The water collection pipe 4 is laid beneath the base layer 3 of the permeable structure. Small holes, 2-5 mm in diameter, are provided on the upper surface of the water collection pipe 4, pointing vertically downwards. The water collection pipe 4 is inclined at an angle of 1-3°. The permeable structure is located at the higher end of the water collection pipe 4, and the water storage tank 5 is located at the lower end. Water permeating the permeable structure flows through the water collection pipe 4 and into the water storage tank 5. The water collected in the water storage tank 5 can be used to irrigate flowers, trees, or for other garden irrigation needs. This system achieves effective rainwater collection and recycling, reducing water waste and enhancing the ecological sustainability of the garden. To prevent sand and gravel impurities from clogging the small holes on the upper side of the water collection pipe 4, a filter layer can be wrapped around the outside of the water collection pipe 4 to filter sand and soil particles. In practical use, the water collection pipes 4 are laid underground. Multiple water collection pipes 4 can be installed to guide water to the same water storage tank 5, or each water collection pipe 4 can have its own water storage tank 5. The specific installation method depends on the requirements. Preferably, the arrangement direction of the water collection pipes 4 is parallel to the direction of the grooves on the surface of the first permeable layer 11. The permeable structure can be installed on the upper side of a section of the water collection pipe 4, or it can be installed along the entire length of the water collection pipe 4, depending on the specific needs.

[0030] The installation process of the water collection system in this application is as follows:

[0031] First, excavate appropriate pits or trenches within the planned area, ensuring their depth and width meet design requirements. Next, lay a foundation layer at the bottom of the trench, typically using fine sand or gravel. This layer provides a stable base for the water collection pipes 4 and aids drainage. Then, lay the water collection pipes 4 according to design requirements. The pipes 4 need to be laid within the trench at an appropriate slope (usually 1-3°) to ensure water flows smoothly into the pipes and is then channeled into the storage system. The water collection pipes 4 are connected using connectors to ensure unobstructed water flow, and a filter layer can be added to the outside of the pipes 4 to prevent impurities from entering.

[0032] Next, the permeable base layer 3 is laid, typically a coarser layer of sand and gravel. The thickness of base layer 3 should be greater than that of subbase layer 2, and the size of the sand and gravel particles should be larger than those in subbase layer 2. Then, subbase layer 2 is laid. Subbase layer 2 generally uses finer-grained sand and gravel, with a thickness of approximately 3-5 cm, serving as a transition and buffer. After subbase layer 2 is laid, the second permeable layer 12 is laid. The second permeable layer 12 has smaller pores, serving a further filtering function. The first permeable layer 11 is then laid. This layer of permeable bricks has larger pores, allowing for rapid water permeation; this layer is located on the surface. When laying the permeable layers, appropriate gaps should be left between the bricks to allow for smooth water flow.

[0033] Next, install the water storage system. The water storage tank 5 should be placed at the lower end of the water collection pipe 4, and the water collection pipe 4 should be connected to the water storage system via a pipe. Finally, cover the spaces between the permeable structure bricks with a layer of soil or fine sand to ensure integration with the surrounding environment, and lightly compact the surface to ensure structural stability and avoid unevenness. After completion, conduct a test to ensure smooth water flow and downward permeation through the permeable structure, and check the drainage effect of the water collection pipe 4 and the water storage system.

[0034] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A permeable garden structure, comprising, from top to bottom, a surface layer, a subbase layer, and a base layer, wherein the thickness of the base layer is greater than the thickness of the subbase layer, both the subbase layer and the base layer are sand and gravel layers, and the size of the sand and gravel particles in the base layer is greater than the size of the sand and gravel particles in the subbase layer, characterized in that, The surface layer includes a first permeable layer and a second permeable layer. The second permeable layer is in contact with the padding layer. The pore size of the first permeable layer is larger than that of the second permeable layer. The surface of the first permeable layer is provided with a plurality of parallel grooves, and the grooves are triangular in shape, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top.

2. The garden permeable structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pore size of the first permeable layer is 1.5-3 mm, and the pore size of the second permeable layer is 0.5-1.0 mm.

3. The garden permeable structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The porosity of both the first and second permeable layers is 15%-25%.

4. The garden permeable structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first permeable layer and the second permeable layer are permeable bricks.

5. The garden permeable structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the padding layer is 3-5 cm.

6. The garden permeable structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the base layer is 10-20 cm.

7. A water collection system, the water collection system comprising a water collection pipe and a water storage tank, characterized in that, The water collection system further includes the permeable structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the water collection pipe is laid on the lower side of the base layer in the permeable structure, the water collection pipe is inclined, the permeable structure is located at the high end of the water collection pipe, and the water storage tank is located at the low end of the water collection pipe. Water passing through the permeable structure flows through the water collection pipe and is guided into the water storage tank.

8. The water collection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper surface of the water collection pipe is provided with small holes, which are vertically downward and have a diameter of 2-5 mm.

9. The water collection system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water collection pipe has an inclination angle of 1-3°; a filter layer is wrapped around the outside of the water collection pipe.

Images