Solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of solar photovoltaic technology, in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell comprises a cell body, at least one surface of the cell body is provided with a plurality of separators which are arranged at intervals, and each separator comprises a central part and a peripheral part which is arranged around the central part; the surface of one side, far away from the battery piece body, of the central part is provided with a recess, and in the direction perpendicular to the battery piece body, the minimum height of the central part is H1, and the maximum height of the separator is H. When a plurality of solar battery pieces are stacked, on one hand, a gap is formed between the surfaces of the adjacent solar battery pieces by the separator, and on the other hand, a gap is formed between the surfaces of the adjacent solar battery pieces; and the adjacent solar cells are prevented from being scratched to influence the performance of the cells. And on the other hand, the separator plays a certain negative pressure adsorption role to adsorb and fix the two adjacent solar cells together, so that the inclination condition in the stacking and transferring process of the plurality of solar cells is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] A photovoltaic (PV) module is a single unit composed of multiple solar cells (typically dozens to hundreds) connected in series and parallel. These solar cells are encapsulated between a cover plate and a backsheet using an encapsulating film to protect them from environmental factors such as rain, dust, and other contaminants. During the production of PV modules, multiple solar cells need to be stacked for transport. This transport process can result in the solar cells tipping or tilting, affecting production, and causing scratches. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, which aims to partially or completely solve the problems of tilting or leaning of solar cells when stacking and transporting multiple solar cells, which affects production and causes scratches to the solar cells.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a solar cell, which includes a cell body. At least one side of the cell body is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart spacers. Each spacer includes a central portion and a peripheral portion surrounding the central portion. The surface of the central portion away from the cell body has a recess. In a direction perpendicular to the cell body, the minimum height of the central portion is H1, and the maximum height of the spacers is H, satisfying 0 < H1 ≤ 2 3H.

[0006] In some embodiments, the battery cell body has a light-receiving surface and a backlighting surface, the separator is disposed on the light-receiving surface, the light-receiving surface has a pyramid-shaped microstructure, the minimum height H1 of the central part is the vertical distance from the lowest point of the recess to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, and the maximum height H of the separator is the vertical distance from the highest point of the separator to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator onto the battery cell body is W, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center portion onto the battery cell body is W1, and H≤(W-W1) / 2.

[0008] In some embodiments, 15μm≤W≤300μm; and / or, 5μm≤H≤100μm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the central portion onto the battery cell body is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a racetrack shape; and / or, the orthographic projection of the peripheral portion onto the battery cell body is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a racetrack shape.

[0010] In some embodiments, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator onto the battery cell body is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the central portion onto the battery cell body is W1, satisfying...

[0011] In some embodiments,

[0012] In some embodiments, the surface of the peripheral portion facing away from the recess is a first slope, the recess includes a side surface and a bottom surface, the side surface is arranged around the outer periphery of the bottom surface; the first slope extends downward from the highest point of the separator to the battery cell body, the side surface extends downward from the highest point of the separator to the bottom surface, the angle between the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the first slope and the horizontal plane at the highest point of the separator is α, the angle between the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the side surface and the horizontal plane is β, satisfying α≤β.

[0013] In some embodiments, the range of α is 3°-70°; and / or the range of β is 20°-90°.

[0014] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion further includes a second slope on the surface away from the recess, the slope of the second slope being γ, satisfying that γ < α.

[0015] In some embodiments, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator onto the battery cell body is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the central portion onto the battery cell body is W1, satisfying...

[0016] In some embodiments, the spacer further includes a covering layer that partially or completely covers the recess.

[0017] In some embodiments, the periphery is provided with at least one cavity.

[0018] Secondly, this utility model provides a photovoltaic module, which includes solar cells, a cover plate, a back sheet, and an encapsulant film as described above; wherein at least one solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate and the back sheet by the encapsulant film, and the encapsulant film is completely non-fused or partially fused with the separator.

[0019] This utility model discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. When multiple solar cells are stacked, on the one hand, the spacer creates a gap between the surfaces of adjacent solar cells, preventing scratches between them and affecting cell performance. On the other hand, due to the central recess, and the fact that the minimum height H1 of the central recess and the maximum height H of the spacer satisfy the aforementioned relationship, when the spacer contacts the surface of the solar cells of the photovoltaic module above, the squeezing action of the adjacent solar cells causes the spacer to deform, expelling air from the recess. The spacer acts as a negative pressure adsorption, adsorbing and fixing adjacent solar cells together, preventing tilting during the stacking and transport of multiple solar cells, and also preventing scratches or microcracks caused by the movement of the spacer relative to adjacent solar cells. Of course, it is understood that the recess does not hinder the separation of the cells during subsequent lamination. In addition, when the photovoltaic module is used, the recess increases the overall light transmittance of the spacer, allowing more light to irradiate the solar cells, increasing the power generation efficiency of the solar cells. Furthermore, the recess can also save on the amount of adhesive material used, reducing the production cost of the solar cells.

[0020] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this utility model more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this utility model are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a top view of an isolation component disclosed in the first embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of an isolation component disclosed in the second embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a top view of an isolation component disclosed in the third embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a top view of an isolation component disclosed in the fourth embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a top view of an isolation component disclosed in the fifth embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a front view of an isolation component disclosed in the sixth embodiment of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the method at point CC;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a front view of an isolation component disclosed in the seventh embodiment of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of one embodiment at point DD;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module described in this utility model;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked solar cell structure of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 13 A scanning electron microscope image of an isolation component disclosed in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 14 This is a scanning electron microscope image of another isolation component disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 10. Isolation components;

[0038] 11. Peripheral part; 111. First slope; 112. Second slope; 113. Cavity; 114. First contraction part;

[0039] 12. Central part; 121. Recess; 122. Side; 123. Bottom surface; 124. Covering layer; 125. Second contraction;

[0040] 20. Solar cell body; 21. Light-receiving surface; 22. Backlighting surface;

[0041] 30. Adhesive film; 40. Cover plate; 50. Back plate. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Reference Figures 1 to 12 As shown in the figure, this application discloses a solar cell, which includes a cell body 20. At least one side of the cell body 20 is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart spacers 10. Each spacer 10 includes a central portion 12 and a peripheral portion 11 surrounding the central portion 12. The surface of the central portion 12 away from the cell body 20 has a recess 121. In the direction perpendicular to the cell body 20, the minimum height of the central portion 12 is H1, and the maximum height of the spacer 10 is H, satisfying the following conditions:

[0044] The solar cell in this application embodiment, when multiple solar cells are stacked (multiple solar cell stacking refers to...), Figure 12 As shown, on the one hand, the spacer 10 creates a gap between the surfaces of adjacent solar cells, preventing scratches between them and affecting their performance. On the other hand, because the central portion 12 has a recess 121, and the minimum height H1 of the central portion 12 and the maximum height H of the spacer 10 satisfy the above relationship, when the spacer 10 contacts the surface of the solar cells of the photovoltaic module above, the squeezing action of the adjacent solar cells causes the spacer 10 to deform, expelling the air from the recess 121. The spacer 10 acts as a negative pressure adsorption, adsorbing and fixing two adjacent solar cells together, preventing tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, and also preventing scratches or microcracks caused by the movement of the spacer 10 relative to adjacent solar cells. Of course, it is understood that the recess does not hinder the separation of the cells during subsequent lamination. In addition, when the photovoltaic module is used, the recess can increase the overall light transmittance of the spacer, allowing more light to shine on the solar cells and increasing their power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the recess 121 can also save on the amount of adhesive material used, reducing the production cost of the solar cells.

[0045] It is understandable that the relationship between the minimum height H1 of the central part 12 and the maximum height H of the spacer 10 can be set according to usage requirements. For example, H1 is... One of them, and multiple ratios between the above ratios. It is understandable that if If the recess is too small, it will affect the overall light transmittance of the separator, and if the negative pressure cavity formed is too small, it will also affect the effect of preventing the solar cells from moving or tilting. If H1=0, that is, there is no central part, the isolation and stability of the separator cannot be guaranteed by relying solely on the outer part.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the solar cell has a light-receiving surface 21 and a backlighting surface 22. An isolator 10 is disposed on the light-receiving surface 21 of the solar cell. When multiple solar cells are stacked, the isolator 10 contacts the backlighting surface 22 of adjacent solar cells. The isolator 10 can prevent the backlighting surface 22 of adjacent solar cells and the structures on the backlighting surface 22 from scratching the light-receiving surface 21 of the solar cell, thus affecting the performance of the solar cell. The isolator 10 also provides a certain negative pressure adsorption effect to hold the backlighting surface 22 of adjacent solar cells together, preventing tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells. It also prevents scratching or microcracks from adjacent solar cells due to movement of the isolator 10 relative to them.

[0047] If the separator 10 can be made of transparent material, the separator 10 located on the light-receiving surface 21 of the solar cell can also increase the light-trapping property when the solar cell is in use, so that the incident light is reflected multiple times at the separator 10, which prolongs the path length of the light inside the photovoltaic module, thereby increasing the interaction time between photons and solar cells, so as to utilize more solar energy and improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells.

[0048] In another specific embodiment, the spacer 10 is disposed on the light-receiving surface 21 and the back-lighting surface 22 of the solar cell. In addition to the beneficial effects of the spacer 10 being disposed on the light-receiving surface 21 of the solar cell, the spacers 10 on two adjacent solar cells adsorb the solar cells facing each other. The adsorption and fixation strength of the two adjacent solar cells is stronger and the stability is higher. This effectively avoids tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, and also avoids scratching the solar cells or causing microcracks due to the movement of the spacer 10 relative to the solar cells.

[0049] In some embodiments, the isolation member 10 is disposed on the light-receiving surface 21, the light-receiving surface 21 has a pyramid-shaped microstructure, the minimum height H1 of the central portion 12 is the vertical distance from the lowest point of the recess 121 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, and the maximum height H of the isolation member 10 is the vertical distance from the highest point of the isolation member 10 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure.

[0050] The pyramid-shaped microstructure (not shown in the figure) on the light-receiving surface 21 is a surface treatment technology. The pyramid-shaped microstructure can effectively scatter incident light, increase the residence time of light on the surface of the solar cell, and thus improve the light absorption rate. Due to the multiple reflections of light on the pyramid surface, the amount of light directly reflected back into the atmosphere is reduced, further reducing reflection loss. Therefore, the pyramid-shaped microstructure can improve the light capture efficiency of the solar cell and reduce reflection loss.

[0051] In this embodiment, the minimum height H1 of the central portion 12 is the vertical distance from the lowest point of the recess 121 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, and the maximum height H of the separator 10 is the vertical distance from the highest point of the separator 10 to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure. Thus, the separator 10 increases light trapping properties and improves light absorption efficiency without affecting the aforementioned beneficial effects of the pyramid-shaped microstructure, so as to utilize more solar energy; and avoids scratching the pyramid-shaped microstructure when multiple solar cells are stacked, thus ensuring the performance of the solar cells.

[0052] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 onto the cell body 20 is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center part 12 onto the cell body 20 is W1, where H ≤ (W-W1) / 2.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 on the cell body 20, the maximum size W1 of the orthographic projection of the center part 12 on the cell body 20, and the maximum height H of the separator 10 have the above-mentioned proportional relationship, the connection area between the separator 10 and the surface of the cell body 20 is large, the separator 10 is more stably set on the surface of the cell body 20, provides better support for adjacent solar cells, and when the separator 10 adsorbs and fixes adjacent solar cells, the separator 10 can better adsorb and fix two adjacent solar cells, avoiding tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells.

[0054] It is understandable that the relationship between the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 onto the cell body 20, the maximum size W1 of the orthographic projection of the center portion 12 onto the cell body 20, and the maximum height H of the separator 10 is specifically set according to the usage requirements. For example, H can be one of (W-W1) / 12, (W-W1) / 6, (W-W1) / 4, (W-W1) / 3, 5(W-W1) / 12, (W-W1) / 2, or multiple ratios between the above values. If H is greater than (W-W1) / 2, the stability of the outer portion on one side will be affected.

[0055] In some embodiments, the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the spacer 10 onto the cell body 20 satisfies 15μm≤W≤300μm. In this embodiment, when the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the spacer 10 onto the cell body 20 satisfies the above range, the connection area between the spacer 10 and the surface of the cell body 20 is larger, the spacer 10 is more stably disposed on the surface of the cell body 20, provides better support for adjacent solar cells, and when the spacer 10 adsorbs and fixes adjacent solar cells, the spacer 10 can better adsorb and fix two adjacent solar cells, avoiding tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells.

[0056] It is understandable that the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 onto the cell body 20 is specifically set according to the usage requirements. For example, W can be one of the following values: 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 90μm, 100μm, 120μm, 140μm, 160μm, 180μm, 200μm, 220μm, 240μm, 250μm, 270μm, 300μm, or multiple values ​​between the above values.

[0057] In some embodiments, the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 onto the cell body 20 satisfies 20μm≤W≤200μm.

[0058] In some embodiments, the maximum height H of the spacer 10 satisfies 5μm≤H≤100μm. In this embodiment, when the height H of the spacer 10 is within the above range, on the one hand, the spacer 10 can effectively increase light-trapping properties, causing incident light to undergo multiple reflections at the spacer 10, extending the path length of light on the solar cell, thereby utilizing more solar energy and improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. On the other hand, a suitable height of the spacer 10 ensures a suitable gap between the surfaces of adjacent solar cells, preventing scratches between adjacent solar cells and avoiding tilting during the stacking and transport of multiple solar cells, such as instability caused by excessively high spacer 10 height.

[0059] The height H of the isolator 10 is set according to the usage requirements. For example, the height H1 of the isolator 10 can be one of 5μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 45μm, 50μm, 55μm, 60μm, 65μm, 70μm, 75μm, 80μm, 85μm, 90μm, 95μm, 100μm, or multiple values ​​between the above values.

[0060] In some embodiments, the maximum height H of the separator 10 satisfies 12μm≤H≤60μm. When the maximum height H of the separator 10 is within the above range, the separator 10 has strong and relatively balanced advantages in several aspects, such as light trapping performance, scratch resistance, avoiding tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, and material cost.

[0061] In some embodiments, the specific shape of the orthographic projection of the central portion 12 onto the battery cell body 20 is set according to usage requirements, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this. For example, the orthographic projection of the central portion 12 onto the battery cell body 20 may be at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a racetrack shape. (Refer to...) Figures 1 to 3 It shows a schematic diagram of a structure in which the orthographic projection of the central portion 12 onto the battery cell body 20 is circular. (Refer to...) Figure 5 It shows a schematic diagram of the structure in which the orthographic projection of the central part 12 on the battery cell body 20 is elliptical.

[0062] In some embodiments, the specific shape of the orthographic projection of the peripheral portion 11 onto the battery cell body 20 is set according to usage requirements, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit this. For example, the orthographic projection of the peripheral portion 11 onto the battery cell body 20 may be at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a racetrack shape. (Refer to...) Figures 1 to 3 This shows a schematic diagram of a structure where the orthographic projection of the outer portion 11 onto the battery cell body 20 is circular. (Refer to...) Figure 5 It shows a schematic diagram of the structure in which the orthographic projection of the outer portion 11 on the battery cell body 20 is elliptical.

[0063] It is understandable that the orthographic projection shape of the outer portion 11 onto the cell body 20 can be the same as or different from the orthographic projection shape of the central portion 12 onto the cell body 20. For example, in the separator 10, the orthographic projection of the outer portion 11 onto the cell body 20 is a polygon, while the orthographic projection of the central portion 12 onto the cell body 20 is an ellipse. For example, in the separator 10, the orthographic projection of the outer portion 11 onto the cell body 20 is a racetrack shape, while the orthographic projection of the central portion 12 onto the cell body 20 is a polygon. For another example, refer to... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the orthographic projections of the central portion 12 and the peripheral portion 11 onto the battery cell body 20 are circles, respectively.

[0064] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 13 As shown, the outer periphery of the outer part 11 has a burr-like structure.

[0065] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 6As shown, the outer periphery of the outer portion 11 is provided with a plurality of first contraction portions 114, which are recessed inward toward the outer periphery 11 in a direction parallel to the battery cell body 20; the outer periphery of the center portion 12 is provided with a second contraction portion 125, which is recessed inward toward the center portion 12 in a direction parallel to the battery cell body 20. Figure 6 In this configuration, the first contraction portion 114 and the second contraction portion 125 are configured correspondingly. Of course, the first contraction portion 114 and the second contraction portion 125 can also be configured out of alignment.

[0066] In some embodiments, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 onto the cell body 20 is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center portion 12 onto the cell body 20 is W1, satisfying...

[0067] In this embodiment, when the maximum size W of the orthogonal projection of the separator 10 on the cell body 20 and the maximum size W1 of the orthogonal projection of the center portion 12 on the cell body 20 are within the aforementioned proportional range, the size between the maximum size W of the orthogonal projection of the separator 10 on the cell body 20 and the maximum size W1 of the orthogonal projection of the center portion 12 on the cell body 20 is relatively moderate. When multiple solar cells are stacked, the squeezing action of adjacent solar cells can cause the separator 10 to undergo effective deformation, expelling more air from the recess 121. The separator 10 plays a relatively firm negative pressure adsorption role, adsorbing and fixing two adjacent solar cells together, better avoiding tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, and avoiding scratching or causing microcracks in the solar cells due to the movement of the separator 10 relative to adjacent solar cells.

[0068] It is understandable that the relationship between the maximum size W1 of the orthographic projection of the central portion 12 onto the cell body 20 and the maximum size W of the orthographic projection of the separator 10 onto the cell body 20 can vary and can be set according to usage requirements. For example, W1 is... One of them, and multiple ratios between the above ratios. If If the depression is too small, the effects produced by the depression, such as increased light transmittance and stable adsorption, will be affected. If... If the indentation is too large, the isolation effect will be poor because the outer part is too small.

[0069] In some embodiments, the minimum height H1 of the central portion 12 satisfies, When the minimum height H1 of the central portion 12 meets the above-mentioned range, on the one hand, both the central portion 12 and the peripheral portion 11 of the separator 10 are disposed on the surface of the cell body 20. The area of ​​the separator 10 connected to the surface of the cell body 20 is large, and the contact force between the separator 10 and the surface of the cell body 20 is large, which can effectively prevent the separator 10 from falling off. The separator 10 is relatively stably disposed on the surface of the cell body 20, providing better support for adjacent solar cells. When the separator 10 adsorbs and fixes adjacent solar cells, it can better adsorb and fix two adjacent solar cells, avoiding tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, and avoiding scratches or microcracks caused by the movement of the separator 10 relative to the solar cells. On the other hand, the central portion 12 is thinner, which can increase the light transmittance and improve the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell, so as to utilize more solar energy.

[0070] When the minimum height H1 of the center portion 12 is 0, the connection area between the separator 10 and the surface of the battery cell body 20 is small, making the separator 10 prone to detachment and affecting its stability on the surface of the battery cell body 20. When the minimum height H1 of the center portion 12 is greater than 0, the connection area between the separator 10 and the surface of the battery cell body 20 is small. At that time, the amount of material used in the insulating component 10 was relatively large, which could only slightly reduce the material cost of the solar cell.

[0071] It is understood that the ratio between the minimum height H1 of the central part 12 and the height H of the spacer 10 is set according to specific usage requirements, and this application embodiment does not limit this. For example, H1 is... One of the above ratios, and multiple ratios between the above ratios.

[0072] In some embodiments, the surface of the peripheral portion 11 facing away from the recess 121 is a first slope 111. The recess 121 includes a side surface 122 and a bottom surface 123. The side surface 122 is arranged around the outer periphery of the bottom surface 123. The first slope 111 extends downward from the highest point of the separator 10 to the battery cell body 20. The side surface 122 extends downward from the highest point of the separator 10 to the bottom surface 123. The angle formed by the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the first slope 111 and the horizontal plane at the highest point of the separator 10 is α. The angle formed by the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the side surface 122 and the horizontal plane is β. α ≤ β.

[0073] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal plane B at the highest point of the separator 10 is parallel to the battery cell body 20.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first slope 111 extends downward from the highest point of the separator 10 to the cell body 20, and the side surface 122 extends downward from the highest point of the separator 10 to the bottom surface 123. Both the first slope 111 and the side surface 122 can support the highest point of the separator 10, effectively increasing the support and stability of the separator 10. The ratio between α and β satisfies the above-mentioned proportional relationship. The first slope 111 is gentler than the side surface 122, providing better support for the separator 10. The first slope 111 and the side surface 122 can also increase the light transmittance of the separator 10 and improve the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell, so as to utilize more solar energy.

[0075] In some embodiments, the angle α formed by the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the first slope 111 and the horizontal plane at the highest point of the separator 10 satisfies the condition that α is in the range of 3°-70°.

[0076] When the maximum height H of the separator 10 is appropriate, if α < 3°, the area of ​​connection between the separator 10 and the surface of the solar cell is too large, requiring more adhesive material and affecting the production cost of the solar cell; if α > 70°, the area of ​​connection between the separator 10 and the surface of the solar cell is too small, resulting in poor support of the first slope 111 for the separator 10 and affecting its stability. In this embodiment, when α is within the above range, the first slope 111 can better support the separator 10, thereby improving its stability; furthermore, the light transmittance of the first slope 111 can increase the light transmittance of the separator 10, improving the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell and utilizing more solar energy.

[0077] In some embodiments, the angle β formed by the line connecting the highest and lowest points of side 122 and the horizontal plane satisfies the condition that β ranges from 20° to 90°.

[0078] In this embodiment of the application, when β is within the above-mentioned range, β is more appropriate, and the side 122 can support the separator 10 to improve the stability of the separator 10; and the side 122 has good light transmittance, thereby increasing the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell by increasing the light transmittance of the separator 10, so as to utilize more solar energy. When β > 90°, the recess 121 is inconvenient to process.

[0079] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the outer portion 11, which is away from the recess 121, also includes a second slope 112, the slope of which is γ, satisfying that γ < α.

[0080] In this embodiment, the second slope 112 is arranged around the outer periphery of the first slope 111. The slope γ of the second slope 112 is less than α, so the second slope 112 is gentler than the first slope 111. While increasing the contact area between the separator 10 and the surface of the cell body 20 and improving the connection stability, the second slope 112 is thinner to have better light transmittance, so that the solar cell can utilize more solar energy.

[0081] In other embodiments of this application, the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the spacer 10 onto the cell body 20 is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center portion 12 onto the cell body 20 is W1, satisfying...

[0082] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 10 , Figure 14 As shown, the isolation element 10 also includes a cover layer 124. Figure 14 The framed portion is a cover layer 124, which partially or completely covers the recess 121. In this embodiment, the cover layer 124 prevents the adhesive film 30 from filling the recess 121 when the spacer 10 and the adhesive film 30 are connected, thus avoiding affecting the function of the recess 121 and ensuring the light-trapping property of the spacer 10. In conjunction with the above embodiments, when the recess 121 has a relatively small projected size, the cover layer 124 compensates for the effects caused by the small size of the recess, such as insufficient increase in light transmittance and decreased adsorption stability.

[0083] In some embodiments, at least one cavity 113 is provided inside the peripheral portion 11. The cavity 113 allows incident light to be reflected multiple times at the isolator 10, extending the path length of light inside the photovoltaic module, increasing light trapping properties to improve light absorption efficiency, and enabling the utilization of more solar energy.

[0084] In some embodiments, an isolator 10 is provided on the light-receiving surface 21 of the solar cell. When multiple solar cells are stacked, on the one hand, the isolator 10 creates a gap between the surfaces of adjacent solar cells, preventing adjacent solar cells from scratching the light-receiving surface 21 and affecting the performance of the solar cells. On the other hand, since the center portion 12 of the isolator has a recess 121, and the minimum height H1 of the center portion 12 and the maximum height H of the isolator 10 satisfy the above relationship, when the isolator 10 comes into contact with the surface of the adjacent solar cell, the squeezing action of the adjacent solar cell causes the isolator 10 to deform, expelling the air in the recess 121. The isolator 10 plays a certain negative pressure adsorption role, adsorbing and fixing the two adjacent solar cells together, preventing tilting during the stacking and transportation of multiple solar cells, and also preventing scratching or microcracks in the solar cells due to the movement of the isolator 10 relative to the adjacent solar cells. The recess does not hinder the separation of the cells during subsequent lamination. In addition, when the photovoltaic module is used, the recess can increase the overall light transmittance of the isolator, allowing more light to irradiate the solar cells and increasing the power generation efficiency of the solar cells. Furthermore, the recess 121 can also save on the amount of adhesive material used, thus reducing the production cost of solar cells.

[0085] This application discloses a photovoltaic module, referring to... Figure 11 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes the aforementioned solar cell, cover plate 40, back sheet 50, and encapsulant film 30; wherein at least one solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate 40 and the back sheet 50 by the encapsulant film 30, and the encapsulant film 30 is completely non-fused or partially fused with the separator 10.

[0086] The photovoltaic module of this application uses the aforementioned solar cell. Since the solar cells do not suffer from scratches or microcracks during stacking, the photovoltaic module exhibits better performance. Furthermore, the recess 121 in the separator 10 on the solar cell reduces the production cost of the photovoltaic module.

[0087] In the photovoltaic module of this application embodiment, the encapsulant film 30 and the separator 10 are completely non-fused or partially fused. The photovoltaic module has a separator 10, which can increase light trapping properties and thus improve the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0088] In one specific embodiment, a cover plate 40 is disposed on the front of the photovoltaic module, serving to protect the solar cells from external environmental influences. The cover plate 40 can be made of high-strength glass, possessing excellent light transmittance, weather resistance, and mechanical strength. The cover plate 40 effectively blocks direct impacts and damage to the solar cells from dust, rain, hail, etc., while allowing sunlight to penetrate to maximize photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

[0089] The backsheet 50 is located on the front and back of the photovoltaic module, primarily serving to provide insulation, waterproofing, moisture protection, UV resistance, and mechanical strength. The backsheet 50 is typically composed of multiple layers of composite materials, including polyimide (PI), polyester (PET), or polypropylene (PP), which possess good chemical and thermal stability. The main function of the backsheet 50 is to protect the photovoltaic module from environmental factors such as moisture, oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, and other harmful substances, while also providing necessary electrical isolation to prevent current leakage.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0091] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. For embodiments of devices, electronic devices, computer-readable storage media, and computer program products containing instructions, the descriptions are relatively simple because they are basically similar to the method embodiments; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model are included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, Includes a battery cell body (20), at least one side of the battery cell body (20) is provided with a plurality of spacers (10) arranged at intervals, the spacers (10) include a central part (12) and a peripheral part (11) provided around the central part (12); The central portion (12) has a recess (121) on the side surface away from the battery cell body (20). In a direction perpendicular to the battery cell body (20), the minimum height of the central portion (12) is H1, and the maximum height of the separator (10) is H, satisfying the following conditions:

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell body (20) has a light-receiving surface (21) and a backlighting surface (22) with opposite sides. The insulating member (10) is disposed on the light-receiving surface (21). The light-receiving surface (21) has a pyramid-shaped microstructure. The minimum height H1 of the central part (12) is the vertical distance from the lowest point of the recess (121) to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure. The maximum height H of the insulating member (10) is the vertical distance from the highest point of the insulating member (10) to the highest point of the pyramid-shaped microstructure.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator (10) onto the battery cell body (20) is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center part (12) onto the battery cell body (20) is W1, where H ≤ (W-W1) / 2.

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, 15μm≤W≤300μm; and / or, 5μm≤H≤100μm.

5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the central portion (12) onto the battery cell body (20) is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a racetrack shape; and / or, The orthographic projection of the peripheral portion (11) onto the battery cell body (20) is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a racetrack shape.

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator (10) onto the battery cell body (20) is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center portion (12) onto the battery cell body (20) is W1, satisfying the following conditions:

7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, 8. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery (11) has a first slope (111) on the surface away from the recess (121). The recess (121) includes a side surface (122) and a bottom surface (123). The side surface (122) is arranged around the outer periphery of the bottom surface (123). The first slope (111) extends downward from the highest point of the separator (10) to the battery cell body (20), and the side surface (122) extends downward from the highest point of the separator (10) to the bottom surface (123). The angle between the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the first slope (111) and the horizontal plane at the highest point of the separator (10) is α, and the angle between the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the side surface (122) and the horizontal plane is β, satisfying that α≤β.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The range of α is 3°-70°; and / or the range of β is 20°-90°.

10. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer portion (11) also includes a second slope (112) on the surface away from the recess (121), the slope of the second slope (112) being γ, which satisfies that γ < α.

11. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The maximum size of the orthographic projection of the separator (10) onto the battery cell body (20) is W, and the maximum size of the orthographic projection of the center portion (12) onto the battery cell body (20) is W1, satisfying the following conditions:

12. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that, The isolation element (10) further includes a covering layer (124) which partially or completely covers the recess (121).

13. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer portion (11) has at least one cavity (113) inside.

14. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes; At least one solar cell; Cover plate (40); Back panel (50); and adhesive film (30); Each of the at least one solar cell is a solar cell according to any one of claims 1-13, and the at least one solar cell is encapsulated between the cover plate (40) and the back plate (50) by the adhesive film (30), wherein the adhesive film (30) is completely non-fused or partially fused with the separator (10).

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