Novel photovoltaic panel and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panels, and specifically discloses a novel photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic assembly. The novel photovoltaic panel comprises a light dispersion protection layer, a refractive index gradual change protection layer and a base material layer which are sequentially laminated, the refractive index gradient protection layer comprises a first refractive index protection layer, a second refractive index protection layer and a third refractive index protection layer which are sequentially laminated; the first refractive index protection layer and the third refractive index protection layer are close to the light dispersion protection layer and the base material layer respectively, and the refractive index of the refractive index gradual change protection layer is gradually decreased layer by layer from the first refractive index protection layer to the third refractive index protection layer. The novel photovoltaic panel can greatly improve the dispersion effect and refraction effect on sunlight, realizes re-balanced distribution of local illumination, enables the propagation direction of the sunlight in the novel photovoltaic panel to be more uniform, can effectively avoid the problem of local hot spot effect caused by a covering, improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic module, prolongs the service life of the photovoltaic module, and reduces the cost. And the structure is stable and reliable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to photovoltaic panel technical field, concretely relates to a novel photovoltaic panel and photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0002] The solar cell front plate, also known as a photovoltaic front plate, is a plate material used to protect solar cells. It is located at the top of a solar cell module (i.e., a photovoltaic module) and is in close contact with the solar cells to protect them from external ultraviolet light and adverse environmental factors. However, during outdoor use, the photovoltaic module may be partially shaded by objects such as bird droppings or fallen leaves, resulting in uneven sunlight incidence and causing the shaded part of the photovoltaic module to consume energy from the illuminated part, leading to local overheating and hot spot effects. This reduces the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency and may also damage the solar cells.

[0003] In the prior art, to avoid hot spot effects, as shown in publication numbers CN209561427U and CN209822663U, the cell layer of the photovoltaic module is typically improved to reduce the working temperature and hot spot risk of the photovoltaic module. The improvement of the cell layer mainly involves connecting a bypass diode in parallel between adjacent cell strings. Under normal circumstances, the bypass diode is in a reverse bias state. When a solar cell or several solar cells in the photovoltaic module are shaded, if the working current of the photovoltaic module is greater than the current of the shaded solar cells, these solar cells will be in a reverse bias state. When the reverse voltage across the solar cells is greater than the sum of the voltage of the cell string and the voltage at which the diode activates, the bypass diode activates, isolating the faulty cell string from the photovoltaic module to reduce the hot spot risk.

[0004] In addition, the hot spot risk can also be reduced by regularly cleaning the shading objects on the photovoltaic front plate. However, whether it is the improvement of the cell layer or the regular cleaning of the photovoltaic front plate, both will increase the use cost of the photovoltaic module and can only play a certain role in reducing the hot spot risk, and cannot effectively solve the hot spot effect problem. In addition, existing photovoltaic front plates (such as publication numbers CN220856590U and CN118240129A) cannot effectively solve the hot spot effect problem caused by shading objects. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a novel photovoltaic panel and photovoltaic module.

[0006] Based on this, the utility model discloses a novel photovoltaic panel, which comprises a light dispersion protection layer, a refractive index gradient protection layer and a substrate layer arranged in sequence.

[0007] The refractive index of the refractive index gradient protective layer decreases from the first refractive index protective layer to the third refractive index protective layer layer by layer.

[0008] Preferably, the light dispersion protective layer is an ultraviolet absorption protective layer with high haze, and the haze of the ultraviolet absorption protective layer is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0009] Further preferably, the ultraviolet absorption protective layer is an ultraviolet resistant coating solution cured layer, the haze of which is 85-90%, and the thickness of which is 5-10 microns.

[0010] Preferably, the refractive index of the first refractive index protective layer is 1.55-1.70; and the first refractive index protective layer is a fluorocarbon resin material layer.

[0011] Preferably, the refractive index of the second refractive index protective layer is 1.48-1.57; and the second refractive index protective layer is a fluorine-containing acrylic resin material layer.

[0012] Preferably, the refractive index of the third refractive index protective layer is 1.45-1.49; and the third refractive index protective layer is an acrylic resin material layer.

[0013] Preferably, the total thickness of the refractive index gradient protective layer is 20-25 microns.

[0014] Preferably, the substrate layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film, and the thickness of the polyethylene terephthalate film is greater than or equal to 285 microns.

[0015] Preferably, the novel photovoltaic panel further comprises an adhesive layer for bonding the solar cells, and the adhesive layer is stacked on one surface of the substrate layer.

[0016] Further preferably, the adhesive layer is a polyurethane adhesive layer, and the thickness of the polyurethane adhesive layer is 6-8 microns.

[0017] The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module, which comprises a photovoltaic front plate, solar cells and a photovoltaic back plate which are stacked in sequence.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In this novel photovoltaic panel, the light dispersion protective layer scatters and disperses incident sunlight, causing sunlight incident from a single direction to spread in all directions. Combined with the first, second, and third refractive index protective layers, this further enhances the dispersion and refraction of sunlight, achieving a rebalancing of local illumination and making the propagation direction of sunlight within the novel photovoltaic panel more uniform. This effectively avoids the uneven distribution of light intensity caused by local shading, thus effectively preventing local hot spot effects caused by shading, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and extending its lifespan. Furthermore, the multi-layered structure of the substrate layer enhances the mechanical strength and chemical stability of the novel photovoltaic panel, ensuring its stability under various environmental conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a novel photovoltaic panel according to this embodiment.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a gradient refractive index protective layer in a novel photovoltaic panel according to this embodiment.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Optical dispersion protective layer; 2. Gradient refractive index protective layer; 21. First refractive index protective layer; 22. Second refractive index protective layer; 23. Third refractive index protective layer; 3. Substrate layer; 4. Adhesive layer; 5. Mask; 6. Incident light path. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Example

[0025] This embodiment describes a novel photovoltaic panel, see [link / reference]. Figures 1-2 It includes a light-dispersion protective layer 1, a refractive index gradient protective layer 2, a substrate layer 3, and an adhesive layer 4, which are stacked in sequence.

[0026] Among them, the light dispersion protective layer 1 is a high-haze ultraviolet absorption protective layer with a haze greater than or equal to 70%. When sunlight enters through the ultraviolet absorption protective layer, it can absorb ultraviolet light in the 280-380nm wavelength band, reducing the damage of ultraviolet light to solar cells and extending the service life of photovoltaic modules. Moreover, due to the high haze of the ultraviolet absorption protective layer, it can also have a significant scattering and dispersion effect on incident sunlight; at this time, sunlight incident from a single direction will deviate from its original propagation direction (e.g., Figure 1Two incident light paths 6) are shown, which are scattered in all directions, making the propagation direction of the incident sunlight in the new photovoltaic panel more uniform, thus effectively overcoming the defect of uneven light intensity caused by the cover 5 on the new photovoltaic panel, thereby greatly reducing the generation of local hot spot effect.

[0027] Specifically, the ultraviolet absorption protective layer is a high-haze ultraviolet-resistant coating solution solidification layer. The material of the ultraviolet-resistant coating solution solidification layer includes but is not limited to existing fluorocarbon coating solution, acrylic resin coating solution or polyester coating solution; the haze of the ultraviolet-resistant coating solution solidification layer is preferably 85-90%, and the thickness of the ultraviolet-resistant coating solution solidification layer is 5-10 μm (such as 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm or 10 μm).

[0028] The refractive index gradient protective layer 2 includes at least three refractive index protective layers with different refractive indexes, specifically: the refractive index gradient protective layer 2 includes a first refractive index protective layer 21, a second refractive index protective layer 22 and a third refractive index protective layer 23 (as shown) which are sequentially stacked. Figure 2 The first refractive index protective layer 21 is close to the light dispersion protective layer 1, and the third refractive index protective layer 23 is close to the substrate layer 3, and the refractive index of the refractive index gradient protective layer 2 decreases layer by layer from the first refractive index protective layer 21 to the third refractive index protective layer 23. In this way, by forming a three-layer structure (i.e. the first refractive index protective layer 21, the second refractive index protective layer 22 and the third refractive index protective layer 23) with the refractive index decreasing layer by layer from the light dispersion protective layer 1 side to the substrate layer 3 side, the dispersion effect and the refractive effect of sunlight are further improved, the propagation direction of sunlight in the new photovoltaic panel becomes more uniform, further overcoming the defect of uneven light intensity caused by the cover 5, effectively avoiding the problem of local hot spot effect caused by the cover 5, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0029] Specifically, the total thickness of the refractive index gradient protective layer 2 is 20-25 μm. The refractive index of the first refractive index protective layer 21 is 1.55-1.70; the first refractive index protective layer 21 is a fluorocarbon resin material layer, and the thickness of the first refractive index protective layer 21 is preferably 9-12 μm (such as 10 μm). The refractive index of the second refractive index protective layer 22 is 1.48-1.57; the second refractive index protective layer 22 is a fluorine-containing acrylic resin material layer, and the thickness of the second refractive index protective layer 22 is preferably 4-6 μm (such as 5 μm). The refractive index of the third refractive index protective layer 23 is 1.45-1.49; the third refractive index protective layer 23 is an acrylic resin material layer, and the thickness of the third refractive index protective layer 23 is preferably 6-8 μm (such as 7 μm).

[0030] In practice, without the cooperation of the light dispersion protection layer 1, the first refractive index protection layer 21, the second refractive index protection layer 22 and the third refractive index protection layer 23, the light path is a single straight light, and the local area blocked by the object will form a hot spot; and if there is only the light dispersion protection layer 1, only the hot spot effect caused by the small cover 5 can be alleviated. Therefore, on the basis of the light dispersion protection layer 1, the novel photovoltaic panel of the embodiment further cooperates the first refractive index protection layer 21, the second refractive index protection layer 22 and the third refractive index protection layer 23 to make the sunlight be deflected again, so as to increase the scattering range of the sunlight again, so as to effectively solve the hot spot effect caused by the large cover 5.

[0031] The substrate layer 3 is a polyethylene terephthalate film, and the thickness of the substrate layer 3 is greater than or equal to 285 μm (preferably 285-300 μm, such as 285 μm, 290 μm, 295 μm or 300 μm). The substrate layer 3 mainly provides the necessary mechanical strength and structural stability to ensure the overall performance of the novel photovoltaic panel. While taking into account the cost and light transmittance, appropriately increasing the thickness of the substrate layer 3 can also increase the path length of the sunlight in the substrate layer 3, thereby further increasing the lateral offset distance of the sunlight, thereby further increasing the dispersion range of the incident light, and further improving the size of the hot spot that can be solved.

[0032] The adhesive layer 4 is stacked on one surface (such as the lower surface of the substrate layer 3) of the substrate layer 3, and is used to bond the solar cell to ensure the firmness of the interlayer connection and improve the stability of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module. Specifically, the adhesive layer 4 is preferably a polyurethane adhesive layer, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 4 is 6-8 μm (such as 6 μm, 7 μm or 8 μm).

[0033] In practice, in order to further improve the firmness of the interlayer connection, the interfaces of the light dispersion protection layer 1, the refractive index gradient protection layer 2, the substrate layer 3 and the adhesive layer 4 can be subjected to surface treatment such as corona treatment to improve the surface energy and wettability and enhance the adhesion of the interfaces.

[0034] The photovoltaic module of the embodiment comprises a photovoltaic front plate, a solar cell and a photovoltaic back plate which are sequentially stacked.

[0035] Although the preferred embodiments of the utility model have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to the embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the utility model.

[0036] The above technical solutions provided by the utility model are described in detail, and the principles and implementation manners of the utility model are described by applying specific examples, and the above example is only used for helping to understand the method and core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed according to the idea of the utility model, and the above description should not be understood as the limitation of the utility model.

Claims

1. A new photovoltaic panel, characterized by, The light dispersion protective layer, the refractive index gradient protective layer and the substrate layer are arranged in sequence. The refractive index gradient protective layer comprises a first refractive index protective layer, a second refractive index protective layer and a third refractive index protective layer arranged in sequence; the first refractive index protective layer and the third refractive index protective layer are close to the light dispersion protective layer and the substrate layer respectively, and the refractive index of the refractive index gradient protective layer decreases layer by layer from the first refractive index protective layer to the third refractive index protective layer.

2. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, The light dispersion protective layer is an ultraviolet absorption protective layer with high haze, and the haze of the ultraviolet absorption protective layer is greater than or equal to 70%.

3. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that, The ultraviolet absorption protective layer is an ultraviolet resistant coating curing layer, the haze of which is 85-90%, and the thickness of which is 5-10 μm.

4. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, The refractive index of the first refractive index protective layer is 1.55-1.70; the first refractive index protective layer is a fluorocarbon resin material layer.

5. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, The refractive index of the second refractive index protective layer is 1.48-1.57; the second refractive index protective layer is a fluorine-containing acrylic resin material layer.

6. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, The refractive index of the third refractive index protective layer is 1.45-1.49; the third refractive index protective layer is an acrylic resin material layer.

7. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, The total thickness of the refractive index gradient protective layer is 20-25 μm.

8. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by, The substrate layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film, and the thickness of the substrate layer is greater than or equal to 285 μm.

9. A novel photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized by, The adhesive layer for bonding the solar cell is further included, and the adhesive layer is arranged on one surface of the substrate layer. The adhesive layer is a polyurethane adhesive layer, and the thickness of the adhesive layer is 6-8 μm.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic front plate, the solar cell and the photovoltaic back plate are arranged in sequence; the photovoltaic front plate is a novel photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1-9.

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