Underground masonry component and supporting column

Abstract

The underground masonry component comprises a building block body, the building block body is in the shape of a regular hexagonal prism, the building block body is provided with a first end face and a second end face which are oppositely arranged, the first end face is provided with a plurality of tenons, the tenons are evenly distributed around the central axis of the building block body, and the first end face and the second end face are oppositely arranged. The tenon is integrally connected with the building block body; a mortise matched with the tenon is formed in the second end face. The underground masonry component is convenient and fast to install and can be used for rapidly constructing a supporting column used for bearing loads, connection integrity between the underground masonry components is high, the anti-sliding capacity is high, the overall structure is more stable and reliable, and a safer, environment-friendly and efficient technical scheme is provided for underground supporting of underground mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an underground masonry component and support column, belonging to the field of underground mine support equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Underground masonry components are core load-bearing parts for mine roadway support and chamber construction. They often need to be stacked to form "support columns" to achieve load-bearing capacity. Therefore, their structural rationality, material performance, and installation efficiency are directly related to the safety and stability of underground operations. Currently, commonly used underground masonry components have many technical defects: At the connection structure level, existing underground masonry components mostly adopt a planar bonding and adhesive fixing connection method. This connection mode is highly dependent on the adhesive, and the humid and vibrating environment underground can easily cause the adhesive to age and fail, leading to component slippage, loosening, and even instability of the entire support system. Moreover, the planar connection has poor integrity, insufficient resistance to lateral pressure and deformation, and cannot adapt to the complex stress conditions underground. At the construction level, traditional underground masonry components are mostly integral structures with fixed dimensions and heavy weight, which is inconvenient for transportation and installation in the confined space underground. In addition, the splicing accuracy is low, the construction cycle is long, and the efficiency of support operations is affected.

[0003] As the depth of mining increases, the pressure of the surrounding rock and the complexity of the geology underground further increase, placing higher demands on the reliability of the connection and the ease of installation of masonry components.

[0004] Chinese utility model patent CN205116186U discloses a hollow vegetated block for mining slopes and a mining slope surface. The hollow vegetated block includes a block body, which is a regular hexagonal prism. Through holes are formed between opposite planes of the block body. Vegetation substrate and / or seedlings are placed within these through holes. The through holes are circular and include a central through hole and side through holes. The central through hole is formed between two opposite hexagonal planes of the block body, and the seedling is located within it. Side through holes are formed between any two opposite sides of the block body, and the vegetation substrate is located within them. The side length of the block body relative to the two hexagonal planes is 400 mm, the edge height of the side of the block body is 200 mm, the diameter of the central through hole is 250–300 mm, and the diameter of the side through holes is 100–150 mm. Therefore, by laying the hollow vegetated blocks on the slope, an environment necessary for plant growth is created, thereby improving the ecological environment of the slope. However, this type of planted hollow block is unsuitable for the load-bearing requirements of underground applications such as mine roadway support and chambers. Specifically, the core structure of this planted hollow block is "through holes + planted substrate," designed solely to provide growth space for plants, with no structural load-bearing design. The block itself is a thin-walled hollow structure, excessively large in size and with a high hollow ratio (side length 400mm, central hole diameter 250~300mm), resulting in a very small effective load-bearing cross section. It is extremely prone to breakage under high pressure, impact, or blasting vibration environments underground. Furthermore, this planted hollow block is only suitable for slope covering and is difficult to form a stable support structure. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, one of the objectives of this utility model is to provide a convenient and reliable underground masonry component; the other objective of this utility model is to provide a support column.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A masonry component for underground mining includes a block body, the block body being in the shape of a regular hexagonal prism, the block body having a first end face and a second end face arranged opposite to each other, the first end face having a plurality of tenons, the plurality of tenons being evenly distributed around the central axis of the block body, the tenons being integrally connected to the block body; the second end face having mortises that match the tenons.

[0008] Alternatively, the number of tenons can be 3 to 8, such as 4, 5, 6 or 7.

[0009] Alternatively, the tenon may be cylindrical or frustum-shaped.

[0010] Optionally, a through hole is provided in the block body, and the through hole shares a central axis with the block body.

[0011] Optionally, the diameter of the through hole is not greater than the side length of the block body.

[0012] Optionally, the side length of the block body is 200-300mm, further 220-280mm, and the thickness is 30-60mm, further 40-50mm.

[0013] Optionally, the length of the tenon is 5-25mm, further 10-20mm, and even further 12-18mm.

[0014] Alternatively, the length of the tenon can be the same as the depth of the mortise.

[0015] Optionally, an elastic layer is laid on the first end face, the thickness of which is less than the length of the tenon. Optionally, the elastic layer is made of rubber material. Optionally, the thickness of the elastic layer is 0.1-0.3 times the length of the tenon, and more specifically 0.15-0.25 times. The flatness of the ground and top surfaces in underground mines is often inferior to that of conventional ground. Therefore, the stress on different locations of stacked underground masonry components may vary, and blasting and mining operations inevitably cause underground vibrations. By setting an elastic layer, on the one hand, the elastic layer can provide a certain buffering and protective effect, reducing the possibility of damage to underground masonry components due to high stress in some locations; on the other hand, the presence of an elastic layer of appropriate thickness allows the load-bearing components such as support columns constructed by the underground masonry components to have a certain deformation capacity, better adapting to the underground vibration scenarios caused by blasting and mining operations, and preventing damage and failure of load-bearing components such as support columns due to vibration, compression, and other factors.

[0016] Optionally, the block body is made of concrete.

[0017] Optionally, the aggregate of the concrete is tailings. This allows for the resource utilization of tailings and solves the environmental problems that may result from tailings accumulation.

[0018] Based on the same inventive concept, this utility model also provides: a support column, comprising a plurality of underground masonry components as described above, wherein the plurality of underground masonry components are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; among the upper and lower adjacent underground masonry components, the tenon of the lower underground masonry component extends into the mortise of the upper underground masonry component.

[0019] Optionally, multiple support columns can be spliced ​​together horizontally to form a large support column to meet the support requirements of greater loads.

[0020] Optionally, in specific applications, support blocks or concrete can be installed at the bottom of the support column according to the actual needs, so that the support column can fully abut and contact the top surface of the supported body such as mine roadways and chambers to achieve good support.

[0021] In this invention, the first and second end faces of the block body are respectively provided with mating tenons and mortises. When underground masonry components are stacked to construct support columns, adjacent underground masonry components can be easily and conveniently spliced ​​through the corresponding tenons and mortises. The tenons and mortises interlock to form a tenon-and-mortise structure, allowing loads to be transferred through the end faces and the tenon-and-mortise structure. This reduces the reliance on adhesives and other bonding materials, improves environmental friendliness, and effectively enhances the overall connection and anti-slip capability between underground masonry components. It can effectively avoid problems or accidents such as support instability caused by bonding failure in humid underground environments. At the same time, through the above-mentioned modular structural design, the construction efficiency of load-bearing structures such as support columns can be effectively improved, meeting the support needs under complex underground working conditions, and providing a safer, more environmentally friendly, and more efficient technical solution for underground mine support.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] (1) The underground masonry components of this utility model are easy to install and can be used to quickly construct load-bearing support columns. Furthermore, the connection between each underground masonry component is strong and the anti-slip ability is strong. The overall structure is more stable and reliable, providing a safer, more environmentally friendly and efficient technical solution for underground support in underground mines.

[0024] (2) The underground masonry components of this utility model can better adapt to the narrow space and complex stress environment (such as the lateral pressure of the surrounding rock and vibration load) in the underground, and have good promotion and application value.

[0025] (3) The block body of the underground masonry component of this utility model can be obtained by integrally casting concrete, which is convenient to manufacture. Tailings can be used as aggregate for preparing concrete to realize the resource utilization of tailings and solve the environmental protection problem of tailings and other industrial solid waste accumulation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a masonry component of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of a masonry component of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 3 This is another perspective view of a masonry component of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial sectional view of a support column according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of another underground masonry component of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. For ease of description, the words "up," "down," "left," and "right" appearing below only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left, and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See Figures 1 to 3 A type of underground masonry component includes a block body 1, which is in the shape of a regular hexagonal prism. The block body 1 has a first end face 3 and a second end face 4 arranged opposite to each other. The first end face 3 is provided with a plurality of tenons 5, which are evenly distributed around the central axis of the block body 1 and are integrally connected to the block body 1. The second end face 4 is provided with mortises 6 that match the tenons 5, and the length of the tenons 5 is the same as the depth of the mortises 6.

[0034] There are six tenons 5. Each tenon 5 is cylindrical. A through hole 2 is provided inside the block body 1, the through hole 2 sharing a central axis with the block body 1, and the diameter of the through hole 2 is equal to the side length of the block body 1. The side length of the block body 1 is 250mm, and its thickness is 45mm. The length of each tenon 5 is 15mm.

[0035] See Figure 4 This embodiment also provides a support column, including multiple underground masonry components as described above, which are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; among the upper and lower adjacent underground masonry components, the tenon 5 of the lower underground masonry component extends into the mortise 6 of the upper underground masonry component.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Repeat Example 1, except that: see Figure 5 An elastic layer 7 is laid on the first end face 3. The elastic layer is made of rubber material and the thickness of the elastic layer 7 is 0.2 times the length of the tenon 5.

[0038] The above embodiments should be understood as being used only to illustrate the present invention more clearly, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, any modifications of the present invention by those skilled in the art in various equivalent forms fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A masonry component for underground mining, comprising a block body (1), the block body (1) being a regular hexagonal prism, the block body (1) having a first end face (3) and a second end face (4) disposed opposite to each other, characterized in that, The first end face (3) is provided with multiple tenons (5), which are evenly distributed around the central axis of the block body (1) and are integrally connected with the block body (1); the second end face (4) is provided with mortises (6) that match the tenons (5).

2. The underground masonry component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of tenons (5) is 3-8.

3. The underground masonry component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tenon (5) is cylindrical or frustum-shaped.

4. The underground masonry component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The block body (1) has a through hole (2) inside, and the through hole (2) and the block body (1) share the same central axis.

5. The underground masonry component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the through hole (2) is not greater than the side length of the block body (1).

6. The underground masonry component according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The side length of the block body (1) is 200-300mm and the thickness is 30-60mm.

7. The underground masonry component according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The length of the tenon (5) is 5-25mm.

8. The underground masonry component according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The length of the tenon (5) is the same as the depth of the mortise (6).

9. The underground masonry component according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, An elastic layer (7) is laid on the first end face (3), and the thickness of the elastic layer (7) is 0.1-0.3 times the length of the tenon (5).

10. A support column, characterized in that, It includes multiple underground masonry components as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the multiple underground masonry components are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; among the upper and lower adjacent underground masonry components, the tenon (5) of the lower underground masonry component extends into the mortise (6) of the upper underground masonry component.

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